資源簡介

|背|單|詞|
一、閱讀單詞(明其義)
1．contradictory adj.　 相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的
2．multiple adj. 數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的
3．pump n. 泵；抽水機；打氣筒
4．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
5．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的
6．substantial adj. 大量的；價值巨大的；重大的
7．statistic n. [pl. s] 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)
8．thinking n. 思想；思維；見解
9．protein n. 蛋白質(zhì)
10．virus n. 病毒
11．finding n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決
12．vaccine n. 疫苗
13．framework n. 框架；結(jié)構(gòu)
14．solid adj. 可靠的；固體的；堅實的
n. 固體
15．shadow n. 陰影；影子；背光處
16．rainbow n. 彩虹
17．concrete n. 混凝土
adj. 混凝土制的；確實的；具體的
18．patriotic adj. 愛國的
19．mechanic n. 機械師；機械修理工
20．trace vt. 追溯；追蹤；查出
n. 痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡
21．a(chǎn)bstract adj. 抽象的；理論上的
n. (文獻等的)摘要
22．concept n. 概念；觀念
23．a(chǎn)stronomer n. 天文學(xué)家
24．brilliant adj. 聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的
25．shift n. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班
vi.& vt. 轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動；轉(zhuǎn)向
二、核心單詞(書寫準)
1．severe adj. 極為惡劣的；十分嚴重的；嚴厲的
2．subscribe vi. 認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納 (會費)
3．suspect vt.& vi. 懷疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
4．blame vt. 把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)
n. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)
5．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄
vt. 處理；搬動；操縱(車輛、動物、工具等)
6．link n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶
vt. 把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)
7．decrease n. 減少；降低；減少量
vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低
8．transform vt. 使改觀；使改變形態(tài)
vi. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)變
9．cast vt. 投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲
10．pour vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)
11．outstanding adj. 優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的
12．besides prep. 除……之外(還)
adv. 而且；此外
13．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
14．fault n. 弱點；過錯
三、變形單詞(曉其變)
1．frustrate vt. 　 使懊喪；使懊惱；使沮喪
frustrated adj. 懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的
frustrating adj. 令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的
frustration n. 懊喪；懊惱；沮喪
2．infect vt. 使感染；傳染
infection n. 感染；傳染
3．prove vt. 證明；證實
proof n. 證據(jù)；證明；檢驗
4．intervene v. 介入；出面；干擾
intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉
5．pure adj. 干凈的；純的；純粹的
purify vt. 使純凈；使?jié)崈?br/>6．initial adj. 最初的；開始的；第一的
initially adv. 開始；最初
7．defend vt. 保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解
defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)；辯解
8．a(chǎn)ssist vt. 幫助；協(xié)助；援助
assistant n. 助理；助手
assistance n. 幫助；援助
9．lead vt. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；率領(lǐng)；控制；掌管；領(lǐng)路
leader n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；首領(lǐng)
leadership n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能
leading adj. 最重要的；一流的
10．gift n. 天賦；天才；才能；禮物
gifted adj. 有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的
11．steady adj. 穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的
steadily adv. 穩(wěn)定地；穩(wěn)步地
12．vivid adj. 生動的；鮮明的；豐富的
vividly adv. 生動地
四、同“族”詞匯(巧積累)
1．后綴 ing名詞集結(jié)
①thinking　　　　　 思想；思維；見解
②feeling 感覺；感情；看法
③building 建筑；建筑物
④painting 繪畫；繪畫作品
⑤farming 務(wù)農(nóng)；農(nóng)場經(jīng)營
⑥advertising 廣告業(yè)；廣告活動
2．本是同“根(trans )”生
①transform v. 使改觀；改變
②translate v. 翻譯
③transplant v. 移植
④transmit v. 傳播；傳送
⑤transport v. 運輸；運送
⑥transparent adj. 透明的
3．“此外；而且”聚焦
①besides adv. ②furthermore adv.
③moreover adv. ④additionally adv.
⑤in addition ⑥what's more
|背|短|語|
1．once and for all　　 最終地；徹底地
2．in general 總的來說；通常
3．subscribe to 同意；贊同；訂閱
4．thanks to 幸虧；由于
5．deal with 處理；應(yīng)付；涉及；與……做生意
6．depend on/upon 依靠；信賴；取決于
7．carry out 履行；執(zhí)行；完成
8．calm down 平靜下來；鎮(zhèn)定下來
9．break out (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)
10．in charge of 主管；掌管
11．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)
12．a(chǎn)bove all 最重要的是；尤其是
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，學(xué)高級句式
1．Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句)
于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。
2．The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.(be likely to do有可能做)
與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。
3．However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.(make＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。
4．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.(what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)
他敢說別人不敢說的話，做別人不敢做的夢。
二、背主題佳句，學(xué)出彩表達
單元主題：科學(xué)精神
1．It is Yuan Longping's hard working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed. 正是袁隆平的拼搏精神和堅韌不拔讓他取得了成功。
2．Besides, he remains modest and serious about science in spite of his great success, which is worth learning.
此外，盡管他取得了巨大的成功，但他對待科學(xué)仍是一貫的謙虛、認真，這值得(我們)學(xué)習(xí)。
3．Qian Xuesen devoted his life to our country and helped make her stronger. He is an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward.
錢學(xué)森將他的一生獻給了我們的祖國，讓她變得更加強大。他是我的榜樣，他的精神將激勵我不斷前行。
|背|語|段|
以讀促寫：情感表達之“悲傷”
Wordlessly，Holly sat in the car on the way home. Upon arriving home, Holly sank slowly into the sofa motionlessly, crossing her fingers on her lap, with sorrow and regret written all over her tear stained face. Half confused, half concerned, I softly asked her what was up. Hesitating for a moment, she murmured, “I threw away the carpet.” Meanwhile, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks.
霍莉一言不發(fā)地坐在回家的車上。一到家，她慢悠悠地坐在沙發(fā)上，一動不動，叉著手指放在腿上，憂傷、后悔寫在眼淚縱橫的臉上。我一半不理解，一半出自關(guān)心，輕聲地問她出了什么事。她遲疑片刻，低語道：“我把地毯給扔了。”與此同時，大滴晶瑩的淚珠沿著她的臉頰重重地滾落下來。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“Wordlessly, motionlessly，with sorrow and regret，tear stained face, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks”等，生動形象地描寫了霍莉在回家的路上以及到家后的悲傷心情。
高分有招 常見的表示“悲傷”的高分詞塊有： break one's heart　　　　　傷心欲絕 with a sinking heart 心情沉重 sadness coming in waves 悲傷如潮涌 be numb with sorrow 難過得麻木 float in an ocean of sorrow 漂浮在悲傷的海洋里 be cut up 傷心極了 be overcome with grief 悲痛欲絕 tears roll/run/stream down one's cheeks 淚水順著臉頰流淌 cast a cloud/shadow of gloom over one's face給某人臉上蒙上了一層悲傷的陰影
本部分內(nèi)容見《課前默寫本》P646
一、變形詞匯——練清易錯微點　
1．I felt 　　　 (frustrate) at first, wondering how it came about.
2．I had to admit that my disappointment was growing 　　　　　 (steady).
3．These results are a further 　　　　　 (prove) of his outstanding ability.
4．(2024·全國甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their 　　　　　 (assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.
5．A confident and 　　　　　 (gift) photographer who knew the Antarctic was hired to make the images.
6．I 　　　　　 (vivid) remembered that day when I was confused at the knowing looks which everyone gave me.
易錯微點
1．frustrated意為“沮喪的，失意的”，常用來修飾人或人的表情；frustrating意為“令人沮喪的”，常用來修飾物。
2．proof意為“證據(jù)”，常見用法為There is no proof that ...“沒有證據(jù)表明……”。
3．gifted表示“有天分的”，同義詞為talented，常見搭配為have a gift/talent for“有……的天賦”。
二、重點詞匯——練后拓展歸納　
1．blame vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)
①He seemed to be the only person 　　　　　 (blame) and was removed from his position.
②(主旨升華句)Don't always 　　　　　　　　　　　　 others. You should learn to 　　　　　　　　 failure.
不要總把自己的失敗歸咎于他人，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會為失敗承擔責(zé)任。
③Many people think the hot weather 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the water shortage.
很多人認為炎熱的天氣是水資源短缺的部分原因。
(1)blame sb./sth.for sth. 因某事責(zé)備某人/某物
blame sth.on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人
(2)get/take the blame for ... 為……承擔責(zé)任
lay/put the blame on sb./sth. 把某事歸咎于某人/某物
名師指津：be to blame for sth.意為“應(yīng)為某事負責(zé)或受指責(zé)”，其中不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
2．link n．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)
①His study demonstrates the link between sleep quality 　　　　　 work performance.
②A student should link what he reads 　　　　　 what he sees around him.
③(替換加黑詞匯)More engagement with the arts is related to a higher level of people's well being.　　　　　
④(話題寫作之動物保護)The extinction of this kind of animals 　　　　　　　　 environmental pollution.
這種動物的滅絕與環(huán)境污染密切相關(guān)。
(1)link between A and B A與B之間的聯(lián)系
(2)link A with B 把A和B結(jié)合起來
link up (with ...) (與……)連接；結(jié)合；使連接；使結(jié)合
be linked to/with 與……有聯(lián)系
3．defend vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解
①They help the body defend itself 　　　　　　　 some kinds of infections.
②Many heroic men and women have died in 　　　　　 (defend) of liberty.
③(動作描寫)Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed 　　　　　　　　　　 his son like an arrow.
看到這只兇猛的狼，他像箭一樣沖過去保護兒子。
(1)defend ...from/against 保護……免受；防御
defend oneself 為自己辯護；自衛(wèi)
(2)defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)；防御能力；防御物
in defence of 為了保衛(wèi)；為……辯護
(3)defensive adj. 防御的；保衛(wèi)的；保護的
三、重點短語——練后查找疏漏　
1．break out (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)
　(用適當?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空)
①To his surprise, a fire broke 　　　　 in his house last night.
②At last, those doctors broke 　　　　　 in their fight against heart disease.
③It was impolite of her to break 　　　 during our conversation.
④The computer system broke 　　　　　 suddenly, causing great losses to the company. ,
break up　　　 解散；破碎；結(jié)束
break through 突破；沖破
break away (from) (從……)脫離；逃脫
break in 強行進入；插話
break down 出故障；失敗；(身體)垮掉
break into 強行進入(某處)；突然開始
2．depend on/upon依靠；信賴；取決于
①Starting salary varies from ￡26,000 to ￡30,500, depending 　　　　　 experience.
②You may depend on 　　　　　 that he will attend the meeting on time.
③But they have to depend on others 　　　　　 (get) out of trouble and find happiness.
④(主旨升華句)I began to realize that my happiness didn't 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我開始意識到，我的幸福并不取決于別人對我的看法。
(1)depend on/upon sb.to do sth.
＝depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
(2)depend on it that ... 相信；指望
名師指津：depend on后跟that從句時，常用 it作形式賓語。
3．in charge of主管；掌管(主語一般是人)
①Shelby, the lady in charge 　　　　　 community service, assigned me to watch for the elder in the room.
②Mother puts the farm in 　　　　　 charge of him while she is on business.
③He offered to fix bikes free 　　　　　 charge for anyone who needed it.
④(話題寫作之人物介紹)Last year, he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 after the respected librarian retired.
去年，那位令人尊敬的圖書管理員退休后，他掌管了該圖書館。
in charge　　　　　 負責(zé)
in the charge of 由……負責(zé)(主語一般是物)
take charge of 負責(zé)
free of charge 免費
聯(lián)想發(fā)散：類似用法的短語還有：
in possession of“擁有”，in the possession of“被……擁有”等。
四、一詞多義——語境中辨詞義(對應(yīng)右欄詞義填代碼)　
1.①I turned the handle and found the door was open. ______ ②I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car. ______ ③When you want to avoid interruptions at work, there are several ways to handle things. ______ 1.handle A．n.把手；柄 B．v.處理 C．v.操縱
2.①Please abstract this scientific article.______ ②We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract. ______ ③He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.______ ④They carried out a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river.______ 2.abstract A．a(chǎn)dj.抽象的 B．n.摘要 C．v.提取(熟詞生義) D．v.寫摘要
數(shù)智賦能 隨堂訓(xùn)練—用單元所學(xué)知識補全語段
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解B篇)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self repair.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[真題評價]
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？(　　)
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？(　 )
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco machine.
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？(　　)
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
4．What is the basis for John's work？(　　)
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
[語篇精讀]
一、理文脈，把握文章大意
本文是一篇記敘文，采用了“問題—解決”型的語篇模式。
二、拓詞匯，厚積語基語料
1．因境辨義(寫出下列黑體詞在文中的詞性及含義)
①(一詞多義)With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.__________
②(一詞多義)Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.__________
③(熟詞生義)He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.__________
2．詞塊積累(寫出下列詞塊在文中的漢語意思)
①clean up　　　　　　　________________
②a series of ________________
③get used to ________________
④take ...as ... ________________
⑤take on ________________
⑥kind of ________________
三、析難句，破解閱讀障礙
1．When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
抓標志：從屬連詞__________；連接詞__________
判類型：時間狀語從句＋主句(含分詞短語作狀語和賓語從句)
試翻譯：當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。
2．When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
抓標志：從屬連詞__________；連接詞__________；省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句____________________
判類型：時間狀語從句＋主句(含有一個賓語從句和一個定語從句)
試翻譯：長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的垃圾。
由教材典句，學(xué)高級表達　
句式　so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句
|解|讀|規(guī)|則|
(1)so that可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，作“以便；為的是”講，從句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。
(2)in order that也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，可用于句首，而so that不用于句首。
(3)當so that/in order that引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致時，可將從句轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式或in order to/so as to句型。
(4)so that也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“因此；所以”。
|習(xí)|練|規(guī)|則|　(變換句式)
①He cried loudly so as to be heard by others.
→He cried loudly 　　　　　　　　　　　.
②He asked for the woman's name and address so as to repay her.
→He asked for the woman's name and address 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.
|應(yīng)|用|寫|美|
③(演講稿)人們應(yīng)該減少他們的碳足跡，以便更好地保護環(huán)境。
People should reduce their carbon footprint 　　　　　　　　　　　 　.
④(情節(jié)描寫)他受傷很重，因此無法參加比賽。
He was injured severely 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　.
建構(gòu)語義場，豐富語料庫　
子語境(一)　科學(xué)家
1．a(chǎn)n outstanding scientist　 一位杰出的科學(xué)家
2．graduate from 畢業(yè)于
3．be admitted into/to 被……錄取
4．a(chǎn)chieve one's goal 實現(xiàn)目標
5．persist in/persevere in/stick to　 堅持
6．encounter/overcome many difficulties
遇到/克服很多困難
7．be determined to/make up one's mind to do sth.
決定做某事
8．His efforts/His hard work paid off.
他的努力/他的艱苦工作得到了回報。
9．He devoted his life to scientific research, paying little attention to fame and money.
他不在乎名利，把畢生都獻給了科學(xué)研究。
10．He worked day and night and his health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but he never gave up.他夜以繼日地工作，由于條件艱苦，他的健康開始受損，但他從未放棄。
子語境(二) 　科學(xué)精神
1．scientific spirit 科學(xué)精神
2．standout qualities 突出的品質(zhì)
3．learn to be skeptical 學(xué)會質(zhì)疑
4．be full of curiosity 充滿好奇心
5．play an important role in 在……方面起著關(guān)鍵作用
6．be brave to take the blame for 敢于為……承擔責(zé)任
7．devote themselves to scientific career
致力于科學(xué)研究事業(yè)
8．From him I have learned the spirit of devotion and exploration. I decide to be a person like him.
從他身上，我學(xué)到了奉獻和探索的精神。我決定成為像他一樣的人。
9．His modesty and diligence, which I admire most, have a deep impact on me.
他的謙虛和勤奮，是我最欽佩的，對我產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。
子語境(三)　突出成就
1．thanks to　　　　 多虧；由于
2．be regarded as 被認為……
3．set an outstanding example to sb. 為某人樹立了杰出的榜樣
4．manage to find solutions to the problem
成功找到解決這個問題的方法
5．overcome enormous technical difficulties
攻克了大量的技術(shù)難題
6．make great achievements in many fields在許多領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的成就
7．She is considered to make great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.
她被認為對中醫(yī)藥的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻。
8．His great contributions to human beings and his noble personality have impressed me deeply, which motivates me to be excellent.
他對人類的巨大貢獻和他高尚的品格給我留下了深刻的印象，激勵著我追求進步。
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟　
(一)應(yīng)用單元所學(xué)補全語段(黑體字為單元詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn))
主題語境(1)——科學(xué)家
People subscribe to the view that medical scientists ①　　　　　　　　　　 (在……方面起著重要作用) protecting the health of people. They study epidemiology and develop multiple vaccines. Whenever a severe disease that could infect many people ②　　　　　　　　　 (爆發(fā)), they always ③　　　　　　　　　　 (致力于) a substantial amount of research to fight against viruses. ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (由于他們的奉獻), people can defend themselves against all kinds of viruses and germs.
主題語境(2)——科學(xué)精神
People think that an outstanding scientist is gifted and brilliant. ⑤　　　　　　　　　(重要的是), he should have scientific spirit.For one thing, he should learn to be skeptical of new knowledge, trying to ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　 (找到確鑿的證據(jù)) to prove them right or wrong. For another, he should also be brave to ⑦　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(為……承擔責(zé)任) the failure of research. Furthermore, he should hold the firm belief that he will succeed ⑧　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (最終地) even if experiencing countless failures.
(二)對標單元主題創(chuàng)寫語段
作者熱愛科學(xué)，喜歡做一些小實驗。一天，他把一些水放在自己做的一個小鋁箔容器里，然后放進微波爐加熱，結(jié)果鋁箔容器燃燒起來，作者嚇得大哭。請你根據(jù)所給首句提示，續(xù)寫一個片段。內(nèi)容包括爸爸對作者的告誡“科學(xué)實驗需要嚴謹、認真”，以及作者的感悟和改變。注意要有對話、動作、心理等描寫。
My dad, hearing the sound, hurried over and asked, “What happened？”　
　
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
[課堂學(xué)案·過詞匯關(guān)]
一、變形詞匯
1.frustrated　2.steadily　3.proof　4.assistants　5.gifted
6.vividly
二、重點詞匯
1.①to blame　②blame your own failure on; take/get the blame for
③is partly to blame for
2.①and　②with　③linked　④is closely linked to
3.①against/from　②defence　③to defend/in defence of
三、重點短語
1.①out　②through　③in　④down
2.①on　②it　③to get 　④depend on what others thought of me
3.①of　②the　③of　④took charge of/was in charge of the library
四、一詞多義
1.①A　②C　③B　2.①D　②A　③B　④C
[遷移應(yīng)用·過閱讀關(guān)]
[真題評價]
[價值導(dǎo)向]　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了John Todd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué),他建造了一個生態(tài)機器,利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。學(xué)生通過閱讀此文,能深刻領(lǐng)悟到主人公對未知的好奇心,敢于提出問題并努力探索的決心,以及對待科學(xué)研究的嚴謹態(tài)度,體現(xiàn)了“立德樹人”的根本任務(wù)。
1.C　2.D　3.B　4.A
[語篇精讀]
二、1.①v.認為　②v.形成　③v.處理
2.①清理　②一系列的;一連串的　③習(xí)慣于;適應(yīng)于　
④把……看作是……　⑤承擔　⑥在某種程度上
三、1.when　how　2.when　if　people were making
[發(fā)展提升·過表達關(guān)]
由教材典句,學(xué)高級表達
[句式]　①so that he could be heard by others　②so that he could repay her　③so that/in order that they can protect the environment better　④so that he was unable to participate in the match
主題微寫作,勤練筆不輟
(一)①play an important role in　②breaks out
③devote themselves to　④Thanks to their devotion　⑤Above all
⑥find solid proofs　⑦take the blame for 　⑧once and for all
(二)參考范文:
　　My dad, hearing the sound, hurried over and asked,“What happened ” I explained the situation, feeling embarrassed and frightened by the unexpected outcome. My dad comforted me and explained patiently, “Metal should never be put in the microwave. It can cause a fire risk. Scientific experiments are serious and cannot be conducted blindly. Therefore, be careful with the way you do something and you’ll be closer to your goal.” My dad’s comforting words sank in,and I promised to change my impulsive behaviour and adopt a more thorough and informed approach. I would listen,observe, and research before taking action. It was a turning point in my approach towards learning, and I was grateful for the invaluable advice that my dad had shared with me.
1 / 17(共147張PPT)
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
選擇性必修2
目錄
CONTENTS
遷移應(yīng)用—過閱讀關(guān)
03.
發(fā)展提升—過表達關(guān)
04.
自主學(xué)習(xí)—過識記關(guān)
01.
課堂學(xué)案—過詞匯關(guān)
02.
課下雙測—過高考關(guān)
05.
1
自主學(xué)習(xí)—過識記關(guān)
|背|單|詞|
一、閱讀單詞(明其義)
1．contradictory adj.　 相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的
2．multiple adj. 數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的
3．pump n. 泵；抽水機；打氣筒
4．household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
5．raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的
6．substantial adj. 大量的；價值巨大的；重大的
7．statistic n. [pl.-s] 統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)
8．thinking n. 思想；思維；見解
9．protein n. 蛋白質(zhì)
10．virus n. 病毒
11．finding n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決
12．vaccine n. 疫苗
13．framework n. 框架；結(jié)構(gòu)
14．solid adj. 可靠的；固體的；堅實的
n. 固體
15．shadow n. 陰影；影子；背光處
16．rainbow n. 彩虹
17．concrete n. 混凝土
adj. 混凝土制的；確實的；具體的
18．patriotic adj. 愛國的
19．mechanic n. 機械師；機械修理工
20．trace vt. 追溯；追蹤；查出
n. 痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡
21．a(chǎn)bstract adj. 抽象的；理論上的
n. (文獻等的)摘要
22．concept n. 概念；觀念
23．a(chǎn)stronomer n. 天文學(xué)家
24．brilliant adj. 聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的
25．shift n. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)換；輪班
vi.& vt. 轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動；轉(zhuǎn)向
二、核心單詞(書寫準)
1．severe adj. 極為惡劣的；十分嚴重的；嚴厲的
2．subscribe vi. 認購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納 (會費)
3．suspect vt.& vi. 懷疑；疑有；不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
4．blame vt. 把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)
n. 責(zé)備；指責(zé)
5．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄
vt. 處理；搬動；操縱(車輛、動物、工具等)
6．link n. 聯(lián)系；紐帶
vt. 把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)
7．decrease n. 減少；降低；減少量
vt.& vi. (使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低
8．transform vt. 使改觀；使改變形態(tài)
vi. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)變
9．cast vt. 投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲
10．pour vt. 倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)
11．outstanding adj. 優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的
12．besides prep. 除……之外(還)
adv. 而且；此外
13．furthermore adv. 此外；再者
14．fault n. 弱點；過錯
三、變形單詞(曉其變)
1．frustrate 　 vt.　 　 使懊喪；使懊惱；使沮喪
frustrated adj. 懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的
frustrating adj. 令人懊惱的；令人沮喪的
frustration n. 懊喪；懊惱；沮喪
2．infect vt. 使感染；傳染
infection n. 感染；傳染
3．prove vt. 證明；證實
proof n. 證據(jù)；證明；檢驗
4．intervene v. 介入；出面；干擾
intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉
5．pure adj. 干凈的；純的；純粹的
purify vt. 使純凈；使?jié)崈?br/>6．initial adj. 最初的；開始的；第一的
initially adv. 開始；最初
7．defend vt. 保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解
defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)；辯解
8．a(chǎn)ssist vt. 幫助；協(xié)助；援助
assistant n. 助理；助手
assistance n. 幫助；援助
9．lead vt. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；率領(lǐng)；控制；掌管；領(lǐng)路
leader n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者；首領(lǐng)
leadership n. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能
leading adj. 最重要的；一流的
10．gift n. 天賦；天才；才能；禮物
gifted adj. 有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的
11．steady adj. 穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的
steadily adv. 穩(wěn)定地；穩(wěn)步地
12．vivid adj. 生動的；鮮明的；豐富的
vividly adv. 生動地
四、同“族”詞匯(巧積累)
1．后綴-ing名詞集結(jié)
①thinking　　　　　 思想；思維；見解
②feeling 感覺；感情；看法
③building 建筑；建筑物
④painting 繪畫；繪畫作品
⑤farming 務(wù)農(nóng)；農(nóng)場經(jīng)營
⑥advertising 廣告業(yè)；廣告活動
2．本是同“根(trans-)”生
①transform v. 使改觀；改變
②translate v. 翻譯
③transplant v. 移植
④transmit v. 傳播；傳送
⑤transport v. 運輸；運送
⑥transparent adj. 透明的
3．“此外；而且”聚焦
①besides adv. ②furthermore adv.
③moreover adv. ④additionally adv.
⑤in addition ⑥what's more
|背|短|語|
1．once and for all　　 最終地；徹底地
2．in general 總的來說；通常
3．subscribe to 同意；贊同；訂閱
4．thanks to 幸虧；由于
5．deal with 處理；應(yīng)付；涉及；與……做生意
6．depend on/upon 依靠；信賴；取決于
7．carry out 履行；執(zhí)行；完成
8．calm down 平靜下來；鎮(zhèn)定下來
9．break out (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)
10．in charge of 主管；掌管
11．come down with 患(病)；染上(小病)
12．a(chǎn)bove all 最重要的是；尤其是
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，學(xué)高級句式
1．Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句)
于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。
2．The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.(be likely to do有可能做)
與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。
3．However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.(make＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。
4．He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.(what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)
他敢說別人不敢說的話，做別人不敢做的夢。
二、背主題佳句，學(xué)出彩表達
單元主題：科學(xué)精神
1．It is Yuan Longping's hard-working spirit and perseverance that make him succeed.
正是袁隆平的拼搏精神和堅韌不拔讓他取得了成功。
2．Besides, he remains modest and serious about science in spite of his great success, which is worth learning.
此外，盡管他取得了巨大的成功，但他對待科學(xué)仍是一貫的謙虛、認真，這值得(我們)學(xué)習(xí)。
3．Qian Xuesen devoted his life to our country and helped make her stronger. He is an example to me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward.
錢學(xué)森將他的一生獻給了我們的祖國，讓她變得更加強大。他是我的榜樣，他的精神將激勵我不斷前行。
|背|語|段|
以讀促寫：情感表達之“悲傷”
Wordlessly，Holly sat in the car on the way home. Upon arriving home, Holly sank slowly into the sofa motionlessly, crossing her fingers on her lap, with sorrow and regret written all over her tear-stained face. Half confused, half concerned, I softly asked her what was up. Hesitating for a moment, she murmured, “I threw away the carpet.” Meanwhile, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks.
霍莉一言不發(fā)地坐在回家的車上。一到家，她慢悠悠地坐在沙發(fā)上，一動不動，叉著手指放在腿上，憂傷、后悔寫在眼淚縱橫的臉上。我一半不理解，一半出自關(guān)心，輕聲地問她出了什么事。她遲疑片刻，低語道：“我把地毯給扔了。”與此同時，大滴晶瑩的淚珠沿著她的臉頰重重地滾落下來。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“Wordlessly, motionlessly，with sorrow and regret，tear-stained face, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks”等，生動形象地描寫了霍莉在回家的路上以及到家后的悲傷心情。
續(xù)表
高分有招 常見的表示“悲傷”的高分詞塊有：
break one's heart　　　 傷心欲絕
with a sinking heart 心情沉重
sadness coming in waves 悲傷如潮涌
be numb with sorrow 難過得麻木
續(xù)表
高分有招 float in an ocean of sorrow 漂浮在悲傷的海洋里
be cut up 傷心極了
be overcome with grief 悲痛欲絕
tears roll/run/stream down one's cheeks
淚水順著臉頰流淌
cast a cloud/shadow of gloom over one's face
給某人臉上蒙上了一層悲傷的陰影
一、默寫核心單詞
1．_______ diarrhoea　　 　　　 嚴重的腹瀉
2．__________ to the second theory 同意第二種理論
3．_________ a gas leak 懷疑煤氣泄露
4．_______ somebody else 責(zé)怪別人
5．the ________ of the pump 水泵的把手
severe
subscribe
suspect
blame
handle
6．a(chǎn) direct _______ 直接聯(lián)系
7．a(chǎn) substantial ________ 大幅降低/減少
8．__________ the way 改變方法
9．_____ different shadows 投下不同的影子
10．_____ you a cup of tea 給你倒一杯茶
11．a(chǎn)n ____________ scientist 一位杰出的科學(xué)家
12．a(chǎn)dmit his _______ 承認他的過錯
link
decrease
transform
cast
pour
outstanding
faults
二、默寫變形單詞(依據(jù)語境提示在橫線上寫出單詞的正確形式)
frustrate
frustrated
frustrating
frustration
infection
infect
prove
proof
intervention
intervene
pure
purify
initial
initially
defend
defence
assist
assistant
assistance
lead
leader
leadership
leading
gift
gifted
steady
steadily
vivid
vividly
三、默寫重點短語
1．_______________　　　 最終地；徹底地
2．_____________ 同意；贊同；訂閱
3．___________ 幸虧；由于
4．________________ 依靠；信賴；取決于
once and for all　
subscribe to
thanks to
depend on/upon
5．__________ 履行；執(zhí)行；完成
6．__________ 突然開始；爆發(fā)
7．____________ 主管；掌管
8．_______________ 患(病)；染上(小病)
9．__________ 最重要的是；尤其是
carry out
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
四、默寫經(jīng)典句式(完成句子)
1．Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed _______________________________.
于是，他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。
2．The people who drank this water __________________________ cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
與飲用純凈水或開水的人相比，飲用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍亂。
so that it could not be used
were much more likely to get
3．However, what might have ________________________________ ______________ was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
然而，他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。
4．He was willing to say _____________________________, and to dream of ____________________________________.
他敢說別人不敢說的話，做別人不敢做的夢。
made him such an outstanding and
creative scientist
what others were afraid to say
what others were afraid to dream about
2
課堂學(xué)案—過詞匯關(guān)
一、變形詞匯——練清易錯微點　
1．I felt ___________(frustrate) at first, wondering how it came about.
2．I had to admit that my disappointment was growing ________ (steady).
3．These results are a further ________(prove) of his outstanding ability.
frustrated
steadily
proof
4．(2024·全國甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their ___________(assist) working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned，” says Ducke.
5．A confident and ________(gift) photographer who knew the Antarctic was hired to make the images.
6．I ________(vivid) remembered that day when I was confused at the knowing looks which everyone gave me.
assistants
gifted
vividly
易錯微點
1．frustrated意為“沮喪的，失意的”，常用來修飾人或人的表情；frustrating意為“令人沮喪的”，常用來修飾物。
2．proof意為“證據(jù)”，常見用法為There is no proof that ...“沒有證據(jù)表明……”。
3．gifted表示“有天分的”，同義詞為talented，常見搭配為have a gift/talent for“有……的天賦”。
二、重點詞匯——練后拓展歸納　
1．blame vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)
①He seemed to be the only person _________(blame) and was removed from his position.
②(主旨升華句)Don't always ________________________ others. You should learn to _____________________ failure.
不要總把自己的失敗歸咎于他人，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會為失敗承擔責(zé)任。
③Many people think the hot weather _____________________ the water shortage.
很多人認為炎熱的天氣是水資源短缺的部分原因。
to blame
blame your own failure on
take/get the blame for
is partly to blame for
(1)blame sb./sth.for sth. 因某事責(zé)備某人/某物
blame sth.on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人
(2)get/take the blame for ... 為……承擔責(zé)任
lay/put the blame on sb./sth. 把某事歸咎于某人/某物
名師指津：be to blame for sth.意為“應(yīng)為某事負責(zé)或受指責(zé)”，其中不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
2．link n．聯(lián)系；紐帶vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)
①His study demonstrates the link between sleep quality ____ work performance.
②A student should link what he reads _____ what he sees around him.
③(替換加藍詞匯)More engagement with the arts is related to a higher level of people's well-being. _______
④(話題寫作之動物保護)The extinction of this kind of animals ___________________ environmental pollution.
這種動物的滅絕與環(huán)境污染密切相關(guān)。
and
with
linked
is closely linked to
(1)link between A and B A與B之間的聯(lián)系
(2)link A with B 把A和B結(jié)合起來
link up (with ...) (與……)連接；結(jié)合；
使連接；使結(jié)合
be linked to/with 與……有聯(lián)系
3．defend vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解
①They help the body defend itself ____________ some kinds of infections.
②Many heroic men and women have died in ________(defend) of liberty.
③(動作描寫)Seeing the fierce wolf, he rushed _________________ ___ his son like an arrow.
看到這只兇猛的狼，他像箭一樣沖過去保護兒子。
against/from
defence
to defend/in defence
of
(1)defend ...from/against 保護……免受；防御
defend oneself 為自己辯護；自衛(wèi)
(2)defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)；防御能力；防御物
in defence of 為了保衛(wèi)；為……辯護
(3)defensive adj. 防御的；保衛(wèi)的；保護的
三、重點短語——練后查找疏漏　
1．break out (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)
(用適當?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空)
①To his surprise, a fire broke ____ in his house last night.
②At last, those doctors broke _________ in their fight against heart disease.
out
through
③It was impolite of her to break ___ during our conversation.
④The computer system broke _______ suddenly, causing great losses to the company.
in
down
break up　　　 解散；破碎；結(jié)束
break through 突破；沖破
break away (from) (從……)脫離；逃脫
break in 強行進入；插話
break down 出故障；失敗；(身體)垮掉
break into 強行進入(某處)；突然開始
2．depend on/upon依靠；信賴；取決于
①Starting salary varies from ￡26,000 to ￡30,500, depending ___ experience.
②You may depend on ___ that he will attend the meeting on time.
③But they have to depend on others _______(get) out of trouble and find happiness.
④(主旨升華句)I began to realize that my happiness didn't ___________________________________.
我開始意識到，我的幸福并不取決于別人對我的看法。
on
it
to get
depend on what others thought of me
(1)depend on/upon sb.to do sth.
＝depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
(2)depend on it that ... 相信；指望
名師指津：depend on后跟that從句時，常用 it作形式賓語。
3．in charge of主管；掌管(主語一般是人)
①Shelby, the lady in charge ___ community service, assigned me to watch for the elder in the room.
②Mother puts the farm in _____ charge of him while she is on business.
③He offered to fix bikes free ___ charge for anyone who needed it.
④(話題寫作之人物介紹)Last year, he _____________________ ____________________ after the respected librarian retired.
去年，那位令人尊敬的圖書管理員退休后，他掌管了該圖書館。
of
the
of
took charge of/was in
charge of the library
in charge　　　　　 負責(zé)
in the charge of 由……負責(zé)(主語一般是物)
take charge of 負責(zé)
free of charge 免費
聯(lián)想發(fā)散：類似用法的短語還有：in possession of“擁有”，in the possession of“被……擁有”等。
四、一詞多義——語境中辨詞義(對應(yīng)右欄詞義填代碼)
1.①I turned the handle and found the door was open. ___ ②I wasn't sure if I could handle such a powerful car. ___ ③When you want to avoid interruptions at work, there are several ways to handle things. ___ 1.handle
A．n.把手；柄
B．v.處理
C．v.操縱
A
C
B
2.①Please abstract this scientific article. ___ ②We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract. ___ ③He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents. ___ ④They carried out a plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river. ___ 2.abstract
A．a(chǎn)dj.抽象的
B．n.摘要
C．v.提取(熟詞生義)
D．v.寫摘要
D
A
B
C
數(shù)智賦能 隨堂訓(xùn)練—用單元所學(xué)知識補全語段
3
遷移應(yīng)用—過閱讀關(guān)
(說明：文中加藍詞匯為本單元主題詞匯)
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·閱讀理解B篇)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (細菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
[真題評價]
[價值導(dǎo)向]　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了John Todd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個生態(tài)機器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水。學(xué)生通過閱讀此文，能深刻領(lǐng)悟到主人公對未知的好奇心，敢于提出問題并努力探索的決心，以及對待科學(xué)研究的嚴謹態(tài)度，體現(xiàn)了“立德樹人”的根本任務(wù)。
1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling.
B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He longed to be a doctor.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems” “When he got older ... the messes people were making.”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的兩個問題可以看出，John擁有研究事物的好奇心，善于思考，故選C。
√
2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals.
B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants.
D．To test the eco-machine.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The task John ... placed them in the tanks”及第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”可以推斷，John在水箱里放入污泥是為了檢驗他的生態(tài)機器的處理效果，故選D。
√
3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
解析：推理判斷題。上文講到了John的發(fā)明成功了。根據(jù)第五段的中心句“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs”可知，多年來，John做了很多重大的工作。下文提到凈化福州的運河水是為了舉例說明John的發(fā)明及其理念在實踐中的應(yīng)用，故選B。
√
4．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
解析：推理判斷題。本文主要圍繞John的疑問“A dirty stream, for example ... people were making.”展開，正是在這個疑問的指引下，John發(fā)明了“生態(tài)設(shè)計”，因此，John發(fā)明的根源就在于自然的自我修復(fù)能力，故選A。
√
[語篇精讀]
一、理文脈，把握文章大意
本文是一篇記敘文，采用了
“問題—解決”型的語篇模式。
二、拓詞匯，厚積語基語料
1．因境辨義(寫出下列藍體詞在文中的詞性及含義)
①(一詞多義)With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. ________
②(一詞多義)Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. ________
③(熟詞生義)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. ________
v.認為
v.形成
v.處理
2．詞塊積累(寫出下列詞塊在文中的漢語意思)
①clean up　　　　　　　　 ________
②a series of _____________________
③get used to _________________
④take ...as ... ____________________
⑤take on _______
⑥kind of ______________
清理
一系列的；一連串的
習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)于
把……看作是……
承擔
在某種程度上
三、析難句，破解閱讀障礙
1．When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
抓標志：從屬連詞_______；連接詞______
判類型：時間狀語從句＋主句(含分詞短語作狀語和賓語從句)
試翻譯：當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。
when
how
2．When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
抓標志：從屬連詞_______；連接詞____；省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句______________________
判類型：時間狀語從句＋主句(含有一個賓語從句和一個定語從句)
試翻譯：長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的垃圾。
when
if
people were making
4
發(fā)展提升—過表達關(guān)
由教材典句，學(xué)高級表達　
句式　so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句
|解|讀|規(guī)|則|
(1)so that可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，作“以便；為的是”講，從句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。
(2)in order that也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，可用于句首，而so that不用于句首。
(3)當so that/in order that引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致時，可將從句轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式或in order to/so as to句型。
(4)so that也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“因此；所以”。
|習(xí)|練|規(guī)|則|　(變換句式)
①He cried loudly so as to be heard by others.
→He cried loudly ________________________________.
②He asked for the woman's name and address so as to repay her.
→He asked for the woman's name and address _______________ _____________.
so that he could be heard by others
so that he could
repay her
|應(yīng)|用|寫|美|
③(演講稿)人們應(yīng)該減少他們的碳足跡，以便更好地保護環(huán)境。
People should reduce their carbon footprint __________________ __________________________________.
④(情節(jié)描寫)他受傷很重，因此無法參加比賽。
He was injured severely ___________________________________ ____________.
so that/in order that
they can protect the environment better
so that he was unable to participate in
the match
建構(gòu)語義場，豐富語料庫　
子語境(一)　科學(xué)家
1．a(chǎn)n outstanding scientist　 一位杰出的科學(xué)家
2．graduate from 畢業(yè)于
3．be admitted into/to 被……錄取
4．a(chǎn)chieve one's goal 實現(xiàn)目標
5．persist in/persevere in/stick to 堅持
6．encounter/overcome many difficulties 遇到/克服很多困難
7．be determined to/make up one's mind to do sth.決定做某事
8．His efforts/His hard work paid off.
他的努力/他的艱苦工作得到了回報。
9．He devoted his life to scientific research, paying little attention to fame and money.
他不在乎名利，把畢生都獻給了科學(xué)研究。
10．He worked day and night and his health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but he never gave up.
他夜以繼日地工作，由于條件艱苦，他的健康開始受損，但他從未放棄。
子語境(二) 　科學(xué)精神
1．scientific spirit 科學(xué)精神
2．standout qualities 突出的品質(zhì)
3．learn to be skeptical 學(xué)會質(zhì)疑
4．be full of curiosity 充滿好奇心
5．play an important role in 在……方面起著關(guān)鍵作用
6．be brave to take the blame for 敢于為……承擔責(zé)任
7．devote themselves to scientific career 致力于科學(xué)研究事業(yè)
8．From him I have learned the spirit of devotion and exploration. I decide to be a person like him.
從他身上，我學(xué)到了奉獻和探索的精神。我決定成為像他一樣的人。
9．His modesty and diligence, which I admire most, have a deep impact on me.
他的謙虛和勤奮，是我最欽佩的，對我產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。
子語境(三)　突出成就
1．thanks to 多虧；由于
2．be regarded as 被認為……
3．set an outstanding example to sb. 為某人樹立了杰出的榜樣
4．manage to find solutions to the problem
成功找到解決這個問題的方法
5．overcome enormous technical difficulties 攻克了大量的技術(shù)難題
6．make great achievements in many fields
在許多領(lǐng)域取得了巨大的成就
7．She is considered to make great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.
她被認為對中醫(yī)藥的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻。
8．His great contributions to human beings and his noble personality have impressed me deeply, which motivates me to be excellent.
他對人類的巨大貢獻和他高尚的品格給我留下了深刻的印象，激勵著我追求進步。
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟
(一)應(yīng)用單元所學(xué)補全語段(藍體字為單元詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn))
主題語境(1)——科學(xué)家
People subscribe to the view that medical scientists ①___________ _______________(在……方面起著重要作用) protecting the health of people. They study epidemiology and develop multiple vaccines. Whenever a severe disease that could infect many people ②__________(爆發(fā)), they always ③___________________(致力于) a substantial amount of research to fight against viruses. ④______________________(由于他們的奉獻), people can defend themselves against all kinds of viruses and germs.
play an
important role in
breaks out
devote themselves to
Thanks to their devotion
主題語境(2)——科學(xué)精神
People think that an outstanding scientist is gifted and brilliant. ⑤ _________(重要的是), he should have scientific spirit.For one thing, he should learn to be skeptical of new knowledge, trying to ⑥_______________(找到確鑿的證據(jù)) to prove them right or wrong. For another, he should also be brave to ⑦_________________(為……承擔責(zé)任) the failure of research. Furthermore, he should hold the firm belief that he will succeed ⑧_________________(最終地) even if experiencing countless failures.
Above all
find solid proofs
take the blame for
once and for all
(二)對標單元主題創(chuàng)寫語段
作者熱愛科學(xué)，喜歡做一些小實驗。一天，他把一些水放在自己做的一個小鋁箔容器里，然后放進微波爐加熱，結(jié)果鋁箔容器燃燒起來，作者嚇得大哭。請你根據(jù)所給首句提示，續(xù)寫一個片段。內(nèi)容包括爸爸對作者的告誡“科學(xué)實驗需要嚴謹、認真”，以及作者的感悟和改變。注意要有對話、動作、心理等描寫。
　
My dad, hearing the sound, hurried over and asked, “What happened？”____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　
　
參考范文：(配有課件“名師析題”)
My dad, hearing the sound, hurried over and asked，“What happened？” I explained the situation, feeling embarrassed and frightened by the unexpected outcome. My dad comforted me and explained patiently, “Metal should never be put in the microwave. It can cause a fire risk. Scientific experiments are serious and cannot be conducted blindly. Therefore, be careful with the way you do something and you'll be closer to your goal.”
My dad's comforting words sank in，and I promised to change my impulsive behaviour and adopt a more thorough and informed approach. I would listen，observe, and research before taking action. It was a turning point in my approach towards learning, and I was grateful for the invaluable advice that my dad had shared with me.
5
課下雙測—過高考關(guān)
課時作業(yè)(一)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2025·貴陽模擬)Dr. Francis Collins, a renowned American scientist with both an MD and a PhD, holds an outstanding place in the scientific community. His groundbreaking work in mapping the entire human genome (基因) represents a monumental achievement in the history of science. In a recent interview, Dr. Henry inquired about the origin of Collins's dedication to a life in science. Collins owed his contribution back to a remarkable high school science lesson.
In this particular class, students were presented with sealed boxes containing unknown contents. The assignment was to determine what was inside the boxes without opening them, a task that required creativity, curiosity, and problem-solving skills. Collins explained that this assignment captured his imagination and sparked his desire to explore the unknown.
This lesson, Collins explained, was a powerful example of “education from the inside out”. It stimulated a sense of internal curiosity and the urge to seek answers. In contrast, traditional education often follows a “from the outside in” approach, where teachers serve as authorities with the answers, and students are expected to learn and absorb the information. This traditional model can sometimes stifle curiosity and prevent students from developing a deep emotional connection with the subject matter.
Collins's experience highlights the importance of stimulating a curious mindset in education. When students are encouraged to explore and question, they are more likely to engage with the material, develop a deeper understanding, and memorize the information longer. This “education from the inside out” approach not only benefits students academically but also helps them develop the critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary for success in life.
In conclusion, Dr. Francis Collins's dedication to science was lit by a high school science lesson that contained the principles of “education from the inside out”. This approach to learning, which promotes curiosity and problem-solving, is crucial for stimulating a deep understanding of subject matter and developing the skills necessary for success. Collins's story serves as a reminder that we can all be inspired to go after our passions and make meaningful contributions to the world through the power of education.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章通過弗朗西斯·柯林斯博士自身的經(jīng)歷，有力地證明了教育應(yīng)重視激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心，培養(yǎng)他們解決問題的能力。
1．What is the function of paragraph 1
A．To state the human genome.
B．To present the interview.
C．To lead to the topic of the text.
D．To show the achievement of Dr. Collins.
解析：推理判斷題。第一段介紹了弗朗西斯·柯林斯博士的成就并提到他把自己的成就歸功于一節(jié)高中科學(xué)課，接著后文對此展開敘述，故第一段的功能是導(dǎo)入文章的主題。
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2．Why did the remarkable science lesson inspire Collins
A．It had several sealed boxes.
B．It stimulated him to determine and create.
C．It had unsolved assignments.
D．It stimulated him to imagine and explore.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這堂科學(xué)課啟發(fā)了柯林斯，激發(fā)了他的想象力和探索未知的激情。
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3．What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Kill.　　　　　　 B．Change.
C．Excite. D．Protect.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知，傳統(tǒng)教育模式通常是教師教授知識，學(xué)生被動接受，這種模式有時會stifle學(xué)生的好奇心，由此可推知，畫線詞意為“扼殺”。
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4．What can we learn from Collins' story
A．Teachers serve as authorities in classes.
B．Curiosity education makes a difference.
C．Subject matter and skills really count.
D．Passion always takes priority for success.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，能夠激發(fā)好奇心、培養(yǎng)解決問題能力的教育對于學(xué)生以后走向成功很重要。
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B
(2025·菏澤模擬)Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand. But could you imagine hundreds of people being attracted by the cover of a science magazine
The achievement was completed after Wang Yixi and his team made the cover of an October issue of Structure, a US-based Cell Press journal.
The cover shows a Chinese ink painting that vividly shows the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team. Another one of his popular works that carries distinctive Chinese elements is a composite image, describing a scientist as the folk goddess Nyuwa, carrying her newly discovered compound to fill a crack in the sky.
While studying chemistry at university, Wang Yixi often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain, but the amount of text was too large and abstract. As he had been interested in drawing, and related software like Photoshop, he decided to turn his graphics into a fine art. He went on to study 3D graphics software in order to better display the microscopic structures in his field and improve the presentation of his papers.
It didn't take long before his classmates and professors noticed his talents and asked him to help them with their papers. By word of mouth, more people beat a path to Wang's door and were willing to pay for his service. Over the past four years, Wang and his team have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields, many of which have made their way to the world's top academic journals, including Nature, Science and Cell.
“Every scientific paper is innovative, and graphics are an essential part of scientific papers，” Wang says, adding that what he tries to achieve is an explanation of models or methods, to showcase experimental results, visually process data or compare differences among experiments.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了王義西通過使用中國元素生動地展現(xiàn)了科學(xué)過程，解釋了他的靈感來源以及他作出的貢獻。
5．What play a special role in Wang's works
A．Fairytales. B．Chinese elements.
C．Rich colors. D．Complex structures.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，中國元素在王義西的作品中扮演了特殊的角色。
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6．What can we learn about Wang Yixi from paragraph 3
A．He preferred painting to chemistry.
B．He developed useful mapping software.
C．He had an active mind to solve problems.
D．He had trouble conducting his experiment.
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，王義西在解決問題時能夠運用積極思維。
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7．How does Wang make abstract papers easily understood
A．By visualizing them vividly.
B．By showing them accurately.
C．By explaining them in detail.
D．By constructing them uniquely.
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段以及最后一段可知，王義西運用生動的想象力使抽象論文易于理解。
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8．Which is the best title for the text
A．The power of art
B．Dilemmas of science
C．Mysteries of chemistry
D．Inspiration from science
解析：標題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段并結(jié)合全文可知，文章講述了王義西通過使用中國元素生動地展現(xiàn)了科學(xué)過程，解釋了他的靈感來源以及他作出的貢獻。故D選項“科學(xué)的靈感”最符合文章標題。
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Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2025·廣州模擬)Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you've learned from memory, you engage in active recall. 9 It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it. The technique consists of four repeatable steps.
To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. 10 The more interested you are, the faster you'll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.
11 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. 12 Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn. 13 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A．It is mentally demanding.
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C．Teach it to a five-year-old, who would give you direct feedback.
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E．Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else.
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G．When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了物理學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎得主理查德·費曼發(fā)明的被稱為費曼技巧的一種聰明的學(xué)習(xí)方法。
9．選B　上文提到物理學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎得主理查德·費曼發(fā)明了一種聰明的學(xué)習(xí)方法，被稱為費曼技巧，然后解釋了這種方法的原理，B選項“這有助于信息更好地留在你的腦海中”承接上文，符合語境。
10．選D　下文介紹了興趣和學(xué)習(xí)之間的關(guān)系：你越感興趣，就能越快地掌握它。此外，一個個人感興趣的話題會讓你保持動力和投入。D選項“你對它的好奇心將決定你的學(xué)習(xí)進度”能引起下文，符合語境。
11．選E　下文提到“記下要點，用五歲小孩能理解的方式解釋。如果你不想真的教別人，你可以把它教給一個想象中的聽眾”。E選項“一旦你選擇了一個主題，你就可以把它教給其他人”能引起下文，符合語境。
12．選G　上文提到，在教學(xué)過程中，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己理解上的差距；下文則說，出現(xiàn)這種情況的解決辦法是回顧筆記。G選項“當這種情況發(fā)生時，請回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分”能承上啟下，符合語境。
13．選A　下文提到，你需要積極地思考問題，而不是被動地閱讀或聽別人說話，A選項“這對思維要求很高”能引起下文，符合語境。
課時作業(yè)(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·德州模擬)In Lincoln Elementary School, the students went wild with excitement on hearing the announcement of the upcoming science fair. Among the 1 participants was Alex, a promising young scientist with a passion for 2 .
Alex envisioned creating a volcano model for the fair, complete with a(n) 3 display using baking soda (小蘇打) and vinegar (醋). He was busy with his project when he noticed Mia, a recent addition to the school, 4 to resolve the complexities of the science fair. Instead of being 5 ， Alex decided to extend a helping hand and invited Mia to 6 him.
Their working together became a lively 7 of ideas and creativity. Alex patiently explained the scientific method, 8 his knowledge with Mia, who, in turn, put forward new thoughts. They 9 searched for materials, exploring science by trial and error. Time flying, their joint project, an eye-opening solar-powered model, was 10 .
On the science fair day, the school gym was full of scientific wonders. When Alex and Mia confidently introduced their project and skillfully 11 the awe-inspiring sight of volcanic eruption, the judges were deeply impressed and awarded them a special 12 for teamwork.
Alex's decision to 13 to Mia not only made the fair memorable for them but generated positive energy among the students, who realized that 14 ， as well as kindness, is truly a 15 in supporting one another in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。在為校園科技節(jié)做準備時，亞歷克斯主動幫助遇到了困難的米婭，他們共同合作的項目在科技節(jié)上大獲成功。
1．A.daring B．curious
C．hesitant D．eager
解析：根據(jù)上文的“the students went wild with excitement on hearing the announcement of the upcoming science fair”可知，聽到即將召開科學(xué)節(jié)這個消息時，學(xué)生們激動不已，都渴望參與。
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2．A.theory B．biology
C．experiments D．a(chǎn)dventures
解析：根據(jù)下文的“Alex envisioned creating ... and vinegar (醋)．”可知，亞歷克斯想制作一個火山模型，他對科學(xué)實驗充滿熱情。
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3．A.burning B．erupting
C．talent D．gravity
解析：根據(jù)上文的“Alex envisioned creating a volcano model for the fair”可知，亞歷克斯打算制作一個火山模型，在科學(xué)節(jié)上進行火山噴發(fā)的演示。
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4．A.struggling B．offering
C．demanding D．managing
解析：根據(jù)下文的“to resolve the complexities of the science fair”，特別是其中的“the complexities”可知，米婭正在努力解決一些復(fù)雜的問題。
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5．A.well-intended B．self-absorbed
C．hard-working D．easy-going
解析：根據(jù)下文的“Alex decided to extend a helping hand ”可知，亞歷克斯沒有只顧自己，而是向米婭伸出援助之手。self-absorbed意為“只顧自己的，自我專注的”。
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6．A.replace B．a(chǎn)ccompany
C．join D．instruct
解析：根據(jù)下文的“Their working together became a lively _____ of ideas and creativity.”可知，亞歷克斯邀請米婭和自己合作。
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7．A.exchange B．race
C．change D．challenge
解析：根據(jù)下文描述的兩個人的互動可知，他們積極地交流想法。
8．A.sharing B．checking
C．doubting D．a(chǎn)cquiring
解析：此處表示亞歷克斯耐心地解釋科學(xué)方法，并與米婭分享他的知識。
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9．A.aimlessly B．randomly
C．leisurely D．tirelessly
解析：此處表示他們不知疲倦地尋找材料，通過反復(fù)試驗來探索科學(xué)。
10．A.initiated B．born
C．planned D．located
解析：此處表示他們的合作項目——一個令人大開眼界的由太陽能驅(qū)動的模型——誕生了。
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11．A.analyzed B．designed
C．filmed D．demonstrated
解析：根據(jù)下文的“the awe-inspiring sight of volcanic eruption”可知，他們熟練地演示了火山噴發(fā)的場景。
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12．A.contract B．recognition
C．permit D．degree
解析：根據(jù)上文的“the judges were deeply impressed and awarded them a special”可知，他們給評委們留下了深刻的印象，獲得了特別的認可。
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13．A.reach out B．get through
C．give in D．look up
解析：根據(jù)上文的“Alex decided to extend a helping hand”可知，此處指當初亞歷克斯向米婭伸出援手的決定。reach out to sb.“向某人伸出援手”。
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14．A.competition B．dignity
C．discipline D．cooperation
解析：此處表示，亞歷克斯向米婭伸出援手的決定不僅讓他們難忘，而且在學(xué)生中產(chǎn)生了正能量，他們意識到，相互支持，共同追求科學(xué)知識，其中合作與善良是必備條件。
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15．A.destination B．subject
C．must D．signal
解析：此處強調(diào)“合作和善良”是必不可少的。
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Ⅱ.語法填空
(2025·河北部分高中聯(lián)考)On February 10, 2024 ambitious young scientists flooded Brown University's classrooms and laboratories, ready to put their knowledge to the test at the 7th Annual Brown Science Olympiad tournament, which provided a 1 (true) enriching and enjoyable experience for all involved.
The STEM competition welcomes nearly 1, 000 high schoolers from across New England. 2 (feature) a lineup of 23 diverse challenges, the single-day academic tournament integrates written assessments with hands-on design and build tasks. Each challenge 3 (score) individually, with points awarded based on performance, accuracy and completion of tasks. Teams win by accumulating (累積) the highest total score across all 23 challenges in the tournament.
Contestants get 4 (them) involved in various scientific disciplines, from fundamental subjects like biology, chemistry and physics to 5 (specialize) areas such as astronomy and robotics. Throughout the event, students engage 6 a series of activities in a day filled with curiosity, creativity, exploring the 7 (wonder) of science and pushing the boundaries of their intellectual capabilities.
But the Brown tournament isn't just about becoming a strong competitor. It also offers a platform for young scientists 8 (wander) Brown's campus. “With the tournament, you can get an insight into college life and 9 great understanding of the whole college experience，” Golditch a contestant, said. “Participating in the Science Olympiad has been the most valuable experience 10 allows us to explore fun science concepts，” added Golditch.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了布朗大學(xué)舉辦的年度科學(xué)奧林匹克錦標賽。
1．truly　考查副詞。空處修飾形容詞enriching and enjoyable，故應(yīng)用副詞“truly真正地”作狀語。
2．Featuring　考查非謂語動詞。空處是非謂語動詞作狀語，feature與主語the single-day academic tournament為主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3．is scored　考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。空處作謂語動詞，主語為Each challenge，為單數(shù)，與score之間為被動關(guān)系，且此處陳述客觀事實，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
4．themselves　考查代詞。空處作賓語，指代主語Contestants，表示“參賽者自己”，故應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves。
5．specialized　考查形容詞。空處作定語，修飾名詞areas，故應(yīng)用形容詞specialized“專業(yè)的”。
6．in　考查介詞。此處考查固定搭配engage in，表示“參加”。
7．wonders　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。空處作賓語，名詞wonder“奇跡”為可數(shù)名詞，此處指科學(xué)中的各個奇跡，故應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8．to wander　考查非謂語動詞。空處為非謂語動詞，作定語修飾名詞a platform，表示“漫步布朗大學(xué)校園的一個平臺”，應(yīng)填動詞不定式to wander。
9．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處考查固定搭配get a understanding of“了解……”，空后詞great的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。
10．that　考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞為the most valuable experience，指物，且有最高級修飾，故填that。
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作
(2025·黃山模擬)假定你是李華，你校英文雜志社要舉辦以“與科學(xué)家跨時空對話(Talk to a Scientist across Time and Space)”為主題的征文活動，請你寫一封信給你最崇敬的一位科學(xué)家。內(nèi)容包括：
1．表達對他(她)的崇敬之情；
2．解釋你崇敬他(她)的原因。
精品課件·名師析題
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
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參考范文：
Dear Grandpa Yuan Longping，
I am writing to express my admiration for you. You devoted your life to the research into hybrid rice with willingness to serve the country.
You lived a very simple life, but your contributions are invaluable to the field of science and agriculture. Without you and your team, there would still be millions of people who have to face the threat of hunger.
It is your hard-working spirit and perseverance that are well worth studying. You are my role model and have been inspiring me to study hard and insist on my dream of making contributions to our country.
I am really proud that we have such a great scientist like you.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua選擇性必修2　UNIT 1　單元雙測·課時作業(yè)(一)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2025·貴陽模擬)Dr. Francis Collins, a renowned American scientist with both an MD and a PhD, holds an outstanding place in the scientific community. His groundbreaking work in mapping the entire human genome (基因) represents a monumental achievement in the history of science. In a recent interview, Dr. Henry inquired about the origin of Collins’s dedication to a life in science. Collins owed his contribution back to a remarkable high school science lesson.
In this particular class, students were presented with sealed boxes containing unknown contents. The assignment was to determine what was inside the boxes without opening them, a task that required creativity, curiosity, and problem solving skills. Collins explained that this assignment captured his imagination and sparked his desire to explore the unknown.
This lesson, Collins explained, was a powerful example of “education from the inside out”. It stimulated a sense of internal curiosity and the urge to seek answers. In contrast, traditional education often follows a “from the outside in” approach, where teachers serve as authorities with the answers, and students are expected to learn and absorb the information. This traditional model can sometimes stifle curiosity and prevent students from developing a deep emotional connection with the subject matter.
Collins’s experience highlights the importance of stimulating a curious mindset in education. When students are encouraged to explore and question, they are more likely to engage with the material, develop a deeper understanding, and memorize the information longer. This “education from the inside out” approach not only benefits students academically but also helps them develop the critical thinking and problem solving skills necessary for success in life.
In conclusion, Dr. Francis Collins’s dedication to science was lit by a high school science lesson that contained the principles of “education from the inside out”. This approach to learning, which promotes curiosity and problem solving, is crucial for stimulating a deep understanding of subject matter and developing the skills necessary for success. Collins’s story serves as a reminder that we can all be inspired to go after our passions and make meaningful contributions to the world through the power of education.
1.What is the function of paragraph 1
A.To state the human genome.
B.To present the interview.
C.To lead in the topic of the text.
D.To show the achievement of Dr. Collins.
2.Why did the remarkable science lesson inspire Collins
A.It had several sealed boxes.
B.It stimulated him to determine and create.
C.It had unsolved assignments.
D.It stimulated him to imagine and explore.
3.What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Kill.　　　　　　 B.Change.
C.Excite. D.Protect.
4.What can we learn from Collins’ story
A.Teachers serve as authorities in classes.
B.Curiosity education makes a difference.
C.Subject matter and skills really count.
D.Passion always takes priority for success.
B
(2025·菏澤模擬)Science is always seen as hard core and hard to understand. But could you imagine hundreds of people being attracted by the cover of a science magazine
The achievement was completed after Wang Yixi and his team made the cover of an October issue of Structure, a US based Cell Press journal. The cover shows a Chinese ink painting that vividly shows the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team. Another one of his popular works that carries distinctive Chinese elements is a composite image, describing a scientist as the folk goddess Nyuwa, carrying her newly discovered compound to fill a crack in the sky.
While studying chemistry at university, Wang Yixi often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain, but the amount of text was too large and abstract. As he had been interested in drawing, and related software like Photoshop, he decided to turn his graphics into a fine art. He went on to study 3D graphics software in order to better display the microscopic structures in his field and improve the presentation of his papers.
It didn’t take long before his classmates and professors noticed his talents and asked him to help them with their papers. By word of mouth, more people beat a path to Wang’s door and were willing to pay for his service. Over the past four years, Wang and his team have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields, many of which have made their way to the world’s top academic journals, including Nature, Science and Cell.
“Every scientific paper is innovative, and graphics are an essential part of scientific papers,” Wang says, adding that what he tries to achieve is an explanation of models or methods, to showcase experimental results, visually process data or compare differences among experiments.
5.What play a special role in Wang’s works
A.Fairytales. B.Chinese elements.
C.Rich colors. D.Complex structures.
6.What can we learn about Wang Yixi from paragraph 3
A.He preferred painting to chemistry.
B.He developed useful mapping software.
C.He had an active mind to solve problems.
D.He had trouble conducting his experiment.
7.How does Wang make abstract papers easily understood
A.By visualizing them vividly.
B.By showing them accurately.
C.By explaining them in detail.
D.By constructing them uniquely.
8.Which is the best title for the text
A.The power of art
B.Dilemmas of science
C.Mysteries of chemistry
D.Inspiration from science
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2025·廣州模擬)Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you’re learning to others. By teaching what you’ve learned from memory, you engage in active recall. 　9　 It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it. The technique consists of four repeatable steps.
To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. 　10　 The more interested you are, the faster you’ll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.
　11　 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five year old. If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. 　12　 Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown ups to learn. 　13　 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you’ll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A.It is mentally demanding.
B.This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C.Teach it to a five year old, who would give you direct feedback.
D.Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E.Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else.
F.Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G.When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
選擇性必修2　UNIT 1　單元雙測·課時作業(yè)(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
　　(2025·德州模擬)In Lincoln Elementary School, the students went wild with excitement on hearing the announcement of the upcoming science fair. Among the 　1　 participants was Alex, a promising young scientist with a passion for 　2　.
Alex envisioned creating a volcano model for the fair, complete with a(n) 　3　 display using baking soda (小蘇打) and vinegar (醋). He was busy with his project when he noticed Mia, a recent addition to the school, 　4　 to resolve the complexities of the science fair. Instead of being 　5　, Alex decided to extend a helping hand and invited Mia to 　6　 him.
Their working together became a lively 　7　 of ideas and creativity. Alex patiently explained the scientific method, 　8　 his knowledge with Mia, who, in turn, put forward new thoughts. They 　9　 searched for materials, exploring science by trial and error. Time flying, their joint project, an eye opening solar powered model, was 　10　.
On the science fair day, the school gym was full of scientific wonders. When Alex and Mia confidently introduced their project and skillfully 　11　 the awe inspiring sight of volcanic eruption, the judges were deeply impressed and awarded them a special 　12　 for teamwork.
Alex’s decision to 　13　 to Mia not only made the fair memorable for them but generated positive energy among the students, who realized that 　14　, as well as kindness, is truly a 　15　 in supporting one another in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
1.A.daring　　　　　　　 B.curious
C.hesitant D.eager
2.A.theory B.biology
C.experiments D.adventures
3.A.burning B.erupting
C.talent D.gravity
4.A.struggling B.offering
C.demanding D.managing
5.A.well intended B.self absorbed
C.hard working D.easy going
6.A.replace B.accompany
C.join D.instruct
7.A.exchange B.race
C.change D.challenge
8.A.sharing B.checking
C.doubting D.acquiring
9.A.aimlessly B.randomly
C.leisurely D.tirelessly
10.A.initiated B.born
C.planned D.located
11.A.analyzed B.designed
C.filmed D.demonstrated
12.A.contract B.recognition
C.permit D.degree
13.A.reach out B.get through
C.give in D.look up
14.A.competition B.dignity
C.discipline D.cooperation
15.A.destination B.subject
C.must D.signal
Ⅱ.語法填空
(2025·河北部分高中聯(lián)考)On February 10, 2024 ambitious young scientists flooded Brown University’s classrooms and laboratories, ready to put their knowledge to the test at the 7th Annual Brown Science Olympiad tournament, which provided a 　1　 (true) enriching and enjoyable experience for all involved.
The STEM competition welcomes nearly 1, 000 high schoolers from across New England. 　2　 (feature) a lineup of 23 diverse challenges, the single day academic tournament integrates written assessments with hands on design and build tasks. Each challenge 　3　 (score) individually, with points awarded based on performance, accuracy and completion of tasks. Teams win by accumulating (累積) the highest total score across all 23 challenges in the tournament.
Contestants get 　4　 (them) involved in various scientific disciplines, from fundamental subjects like biology, chemistry and physics to 　5　 (specialize) areas such as astronomy and robotics. Throughout the event, students engage 　6　 a series of activities in a day filled with curiosity, creativity, exploring the 　7　 (wonder) of science and pushing the boundaries of their intellectual capabilities.
But the Brown tournament isn’t just about becoming a strong competitor. It also offers a platform for young scientists 　8　 (wander) Brown’s campus. “With the tournament, you can get an insight into college life and 　9　 great understanding of the whole college experience,” Golditch a contestant, said. “Participating in the Science Olympiad has been the most valuable experience 　10　 allows us to explore fun science concepts,” added Golditch.
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作 精品課件·名師析題
　　(2025·黃山模擬)假定你是李華,你校英文雜志社要舉辦以“與科學(xué)家跨時空對話(Talk to a Scientist across Time and Space)”為主題的征文活動,請你寫一封信給你最崇敬的一位科學(xué)家。內(nèi)容包括:
1.表達對他(她)的崇敬之情;
2.解釋你崇敬他(她)的原因。
注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。



選擇性必修 2　UNIT 1
課時作業(yè)(一)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
[A]語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章通過弗朗西斯·柯林斯博士自身的經(jīng)歷,有力地證明了教育應(yīng)重視激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,培養(yǎng)他們解決問題的能力。
1.選C　推理判斷題。第一段介紹了弗朗西斯·柯林斯博士的成就并提到他把自己的成就歸功于一節(jié)高中科學(xué)課,接著后文對此展開敘述,故第一段的功能是導(dǎo)入文章的主題。
2.選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,這堂科學(xué)課啟發(fā)了柯林斯,激發(fā)了他的想象力和探索未知的激情。
3.選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知,傳統(tǒng)教育模式通常是教師教授知識,學(xué)生被動接受,這種模式有時會stifle學(xué)生的好奇心,由此可推知,畫線詞意為“扼殺”。
4.選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知,能夠激發(fā)好奇心、培養(yǎng)解決問題能力的教育對于學(xué)生以后走向成功很重要。
[B]
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了王義西通過使用中國元素生動地展現(xiàn)了科學(xué)過程,解釋了他的靈感來源以及他作出的貢獻。
5.選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知,中國元素在王義西的作品中扮演了特殊的角色。
6.選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知,王義西在解決問題時能夠運用積極思維。
7.選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段以及最后一段可知,王義西運用生動的想象力使抽象論文易于理解。
8.選D　標題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段并結(jié)合全文可知,文章講述了王義西通過使用中國元素生動地展現(xiàn)了科學(xué)過程,解釋了他的靈感來源以及他作出的貢獻。故D選項“科學(xué)的靈感”最符合文章標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了物理學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎得主理查德·費曼發(fā)明的被稱為費曼技巧的一種聰明的學(xué)習(xí)方法。
9.選B　上文提到物理學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎得主理查德·費曼發(fā)明了一種聰明的學(xué)習(xí)方法,被稱為費曼技巧,然后解釋了這種方法的原理,B選項“這有助于信息更好地留在你的腦海中”承接上文,符合語境。
10.選D　下文介紹了興趣和學(xué)習(xí)之間的關(guān)系:你越感興趣,就能越快地掌握它。此外,一個個人感興趣的話題會讓你保持動力和投入。D選項“你對它的好奇心將決定你的學(xué)習(xí)進度”能引起下文,符合語境。
11.選E　下文提到“記下要點,用五歲小孩能理解的方式解釋。如果你不想真的教別人,你可以把它教給一個想象中的聽眾”。E選項“一旦你選擇了一個主題,你就可以把它教給其他人”能引起下文,符合語境。
12.選G　上文提到,在教學(xué)過程中,你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己理解上的差距;下文則說,出現(xiàn)這種情況的解決辦法是回顧筆記。G選項“當這種情況發(fā)生時,請回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分”能承上啟下,符合語境。
13.選A　下文提到,你需要積極地思考問題,而不是被動地閱讀或聽別人說話,A選項“這對思維要求很高”能引起下文,符合語境。
課時作業(yè)(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。在為校園科技節(jié)做準備時,亞歷克斯主動幫助遇到了困難的米婭,他們共同合作的項目在科技節(jié)上大獲成功。
1.選D　根據(jù)上文的“the students went wild with excitement on hearing the announcement of the upcoming science fair”可知,聽到即將召開科學(xué)節(jié)這個消息時,學(xué)生們激動不已,都渴望參與。
2.選C　根據(jù)下文的“Alex envisioned creating ... and vinegar (醋).”可知,亞歷克斯想制作一個火山模型,他對科學(xué)實驗充滿熱情。
3.選B　根據(jù)上文的“Alex envisioned creating a volcano model for the fair”可知,亞歷克斯打算制作一個火山模型,在科學(xué)節(jié)上進行火山噴發(fā)的演示。
4.選A　根據(jù)下文的“to resolve the complexities of the science fair”,特別是其中的“the complexities”可知,米婭正在努力解決一些復(fù)雜的問題。
5.選B　根據(jù)下文的“Alex decided to extend a helping hand ”可知,亞歷克斯沒有只顧自己,而是向米婭伸出援助之手。self absorbed意為“只顧自己的,自我專注的”。
6.選C　根據(jù)下文的“Their working together became a lively 　　　of ideas and creativity.”可知,亞歷克斯邀請米婭和自己合作。
7.選A　根據(jù)下文描述的兩個人的互動可知,他們積極地交流想法。
8.選A　此處表示亞歷克斯耐心地解釋科學(xué)方法,并與米婭分享他的知識。
9.選D　此處表示他們不知疲倦地尋找材料,通過反復(fù)試驗來探索科學(xué)。
10.選B　此處表示他們的合作項目——一個令人大開眼界的由太陽能驅(qū)動的模型——誕生了。
11.選D　根據(jù)下文的“the awe inspiring sight of volcanic eruption”可知,他們熟練地演示了火山噴發(fā)的場景。
12.選B　根據(jù)上文的“the judges were deeply impressed and awarded them a special”可知,他們給評委們留下了深刻的印象,獲得了特別的認可。
13.選A　根據(jù)上文的“Alex decided to extend a helping hand”可知,此處指當初亞歷克斯向米婭伸出援手的決定。reach out to sb.“向某人伸出援手”。
14.選D　此處表示,亞歷克斯向米婭伸出援手的決定不僅讓他們難忘,而且在學(xué)生中產(chǎn)生了正能量,他們意識到,相互支持,共同追求科學(xué)知識,其中合作與善良是必備條件。
15.選C　此處強調(diào)“合作和善良”是必不可少的。
Ⅱ.語法填空
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了布朗大學(xué)舉辦的年度科學(xué)奧林匹克錦標賽。
1.truly　考查副詞。空處修飾形容詞enriching and enjoyable,故應(yīng)用副詞“truly真正地”作狀語。
2.Featuring　考查非謂語動詞。空處是非謂語動詞作狀語,feature與主語the single day academic tournament為主動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3.is scored　考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。空處作謂語動詞,主語為Each challenge,為單數(shù),與score之間為被動關(guān)系,且此處陳述客觀事實,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
4.themselves　考查代詞。空處作賓語,指代主語Contestants,表示“參賽者自己”,故應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves。
5.specialized　考查形容詞。空處作定語,修飾名詞areas,故應(yīng)用形容詞specialized“專業(yè)的”。
6.in　考查介詞。此處考查固定搭配engage in,表示“參加”。
7.wonders　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。空處作賓語,名詞wonder“奇跡”為可數(shù)名詞,此處指科學(xué)中的各個奇跡,故應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8.to wander　考查非謂語動詞。空處為非謂語動詞,作定語修飾名詞a platform,表示“漫步布朗大學(xué)校園的一個平臺”,應(yīng)填動詞不定式to wander。
9.a　考查冠詞。此處考查固定搭配get a understanding of“了解……”,空后詞great的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。
10.that　考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語,先行詞為the most valuable experience,指物,且有最高級修飾,故填that。
Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫作(參考范文)
Dear Grandpa Yuan Longping,
I am writing to express my admiration for you. You devoted your life to the research into hybrid rice with willingness to serve the country.
You lived a very simple life, but your contributions are invaluable to the field of science and agriculture. Without you and your team, there would still be millions of people who have to face the threat of hunger.
It is your hard working spirit and perseverance that are well worth studying. You are my role model and have been inspiring me to study hard and insist on my dream of making contributions to our country.
I am really proud that we have such a great scientist like you.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
8 / 8

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