資源簡介

|背|單|詞|
一、閱讀單詞(明其義)
1．jaw n．　　　　　　下巴；頜
2．scar n. 傷疤；(精神上的)創傷；污點
3．eyebrow n. 眉毛
4．collar n. 衣領；頸圈；圈，箍
5．bless vt. (表示驚奇)；祝福
6．inch n. 英寸；少量，短距離
7．geophysicist n. 地球物理學家
8．socialist adj. 社會主義的
n. 社會主義者
9．ward n. 病房
10．substantial adj. 大量的，價值巨大的；結實的，牢固的
11．mineral n. 礦物，礦物質
12．superb adj. 極佳的，卓越的，質量極高的
13．photographer n. 攝影師，拍照者
14．nephew n. 侄子，外甥
15．wrinkle n. 皺紋；褶皺，皺痕
vt.& vi. (使臉上)起皺紋，皺起
16．sew vi.& vt. 縫，做針線活；縫上
17．anchor n. 錨；給以安全感的人(或物)
vi.& vt. 拋錨；使固定
18．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；優點
19．integrity n. 誠實正直；完整，完好
20．organic adj. 有機的，統一的；綠色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
21．starfish n. 海星，星魚
22．garbage n. 垃圾；廢話
23．saving n. 節省物，節省；儲蓄金
24．bonus n. 意外收獲；獎金，紅利
25．jade n. 玉，碧玉
26．rejoice vi.& vt. 非常高興，深感欣喜
二、核心單詞(書寫準)
1．barely adv.　　　　剛好；僅僅，勉強可能；幾乎不；剛才
2．keen adj. 靈敏的，敏銳的；渴望，熱切，熱衷于
3．outline vt. 概述，略述
n. 概述；輪廓線，略圖
4．arrest n．& vt. 逮捕，拘捕
5．wire vt. 給(某人)打電報；接通(電源)
n. 金屬絲；電線；鐵絲網
6．criminal n. 罪犯
adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
7．anyhow adv. 不過，總之；盡管；而且；隨便地
8．principle n. 道德原則；法則；信條
9．decent adj. 正派的，合乎禮節的；得體的，適當的
10．burden n. (義務、責任等的)重擔，負擔
11．core adj. 核心的；最重要的
n. 核心，最重要的部分
12．cheat vt. 欺騙，蒙騙
vi. 作弊，舞弊
13．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……纏繞
n. 披肩，圍巾；包裹材料
14．parcel n. 包裹，小包；一塊地
vt. 裹好，打包
15．bow n. 蝴蝶結；弓
vi. 鞠躬；低(頭)
16．pause vi. 停頓，暫停
n. 停頓，停頓的時間
17．pretend vi.& vt. 假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認為
18．privilege n. 榮幸；特殊利益
vt. 給予特權，特別優待
19．embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受；包含；擁抱
20．phase n. 階段，時期
21．likewise adv. 同樣地；也，而且
22．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
23．guidance n. 指導；導航
24．sow vt.&vi. 播種，種
25．harvest n. 收成，收獲量；收獲季節，收割
vt.&vi. 收割，捕獵
26．quote n. 引語
vt.&vi. 引用，引述；舉例說明
三、變形單詞(曉其變)
1．appoint　 　 vt.　　約定，指定，確定；任命，委任
appointed adj. 約定的，指定的
appointment n. 約定，約會；任命，委任；職務
2．rely vi. 依賴，依靠
reliable adj.可信賴的，可依靠的；真實可信的，可靠的
unreliable adj. 不能信賴的，不可靠的
3．worth adj. 有……價值；值……錢
worthless adj. 沒有價值的；沒有用的
worthwhile adj. 值得花時間，重要的，令人愉快的
worthy adj. 值得……的；有價值的
4．suspect vt. & vi. 疑有，覺得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑對象
suspicious adj. 可疑的
suspicion n. 懷疑，嫌疑
5．innocent adj.無辜的，清白的，無罪的；天真無邪的，純真的
n. 無辜者，單純的人
innocently adv. 無罪地
innocence n. 天真；單純；無罪
6．legal adj. 合法的；法律的
legally adv. 合法地，法律上
illegal adj. 非法的，不合法的
illegally adv. 非法地
7．resign vt.& vi. 　辭職，辭去
resignation n. 辭職；辭職信
8．guilt n. 愧疚
guilty adj.感到內疚的，感到慚愧的；有罪的，有過失的
9．shame n. 羞恥，慚愧；遺憾的事
ashamed adj. 慚愧，羞愧，尷尬
shameful adj. 可恥的
shameless adj. 不知羞恥的
10．forgive vt.& vi. 　原諒，寬恕；免除(債務)
forgiveness n. 原諒，寬恕
11．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的，沮喪的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment　 n. 失望
12．mercy n. 仁慈，寬恕
merciful adj. 寬大的；仁慈的
13．fault n. 過錯，責任；弱點，缺點
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的
14．courage n. 勇氣
encourage v. 鼓勵
discourage vt. 使灰心；勸阻
discouraging adj. 令人泄氣或沮喪的
discouraged adj. 灰心的
discouragement n．勸阻；泄氣；使人泄氣的事；挫折，氣餒
四、同“族”詞匯(巧積累)
1．身有“ ist”成專家
①geophysicist 　　　　　　地球物理學家
②socialist 社會主義者
③biologist 生物學家
④scientist 科學家
2．后加“ ence”變名詞
①innocence 無罪，天真
②competence 能力；勝任
③confidence 信心
④consequence 結果
|背|短|語|
1．tear down　　　　　　　拆毀，拆除
2．make one's fortune 發財
3．lose contact 失去聯系
4．turn up 出現，到來，露面
5．pull out 拽出，扯出；退出；駛離路邊
6．arm in arm 臂挽著臂
7．under arrest 被逮捕
8．in store (for sb.) 即將發生(在某人身上)；等待著(某人)
9．be responsible for 對……負責
10．treat ...as 把……視為
11．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……處置，對……無能為力
12．go through 經歷，經受
13．in all aspects 在各方面
14．make a difference 有影響；起(重要)作用
15．contribute to 有助于；促成
16．weigh on sb./sth. 使焦慮不安，加重……的思想負擔
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，學高級句式
1．There used to be a restaurant where this store stands ...(There used to be ...“過去曾有……”)
這家店的位置以前是一家餐館……
2．Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.(情態動詞＋have done)
芝加哥警方料到你可能會順道來我們這里，給我們發了電報。
3．Before we go to the station, here's a note for you.(before引導的時間狀語從句)
在我們去警局之前，這還有張便條給你。
二、背主題佳句，學出彩表達
單元主題：誠實與責任
1．Honesty is a bridge between souls; those who are good at deceiving others will never reach the other end of the bridge.
誠實是心靈之間的橋梁，善于欺騙別人的人永遠到不了橋的另一端。
2．This experience has also taught me that as long as I never give up and keep trying, I can succeed.
這次經歷也教會了我，只要永不放棄并不斷嘗試，我就會成功。
3．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
由于他能夠堅持不懈地做他所選擇做的任何事情，因此他在很多領域都已經取得巨大的成就。
|背|語|段|
以讀促寫：場景渲染之比賽場景
During the event, enthusiasm swept over us all. When the relay race was under way, the athletes were running as fast as possible to pass other opponents, which kept spectators on the edge of their seats. “Hold on! You can make it！” the students yelled. In the distance running match, all of the students, teachers and parents cheered and clapped for runners who passed by.
比賽期間我們大家熱情高漲。當接力賽正在進行的時候，運動員拼命地跑，想超越其他對手，這使得觀眾激動不已。“加油！你能成功！”學生們歡呼道。長跑賽時，全體師生、家長為沖過去的運動員喝彩、鼓掌。
[高分悟道]　本段使用了“were running as fast as possible, kept spectators on the edge of their seats, Hold on, make it, yelled, cheered and clapped”等詞匯和詞塊，勾勒出一幅激動人心的運動員們你追我趕的激烈的比賽場景，生動形象地表達了在場觀眾的興奮之情。
　
本部分內容見《課前默寫本》P594
一、變形詞匯——　
1．He did well in mathematics, but 　　　　　　 (bare) got through in chemistry.
2．Only when the theory is combined with practice can the former become 　　　　　　 (rely) knowledge.
3．If you see something 　　　　　　 (suspect), inform the police at once.
4．The new CEO is an educated, considerate, and 　　　　　　 (decency) man.
5．Instead of seeing the setback as something 　　　　　　 (discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.
6．She feels 　　　　　　 (guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids.
7．There would be a day when our faces would be 　　　　　　 (wrinkle)．
8．If it had not been for Mr Wang's 　　　　　　 (guide), we couldn't have created the stage play successfully.
易錯微點
1．suspicious意為“可疑的”，常見搭配為be suspicious of/about ...“對……懷疑”；動詞suspect 的常見搭配為suspect sb.of (doing) sth.“懷疑某人(做了)某事”。
2．discouraging 意為“令人泄氣的”；動詞discourage的常見搭配為discourage sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。
3．if it had not been for one's guidance意為“要不是有某人的指導”，guidance的常見用法還有under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb.“在某人的指導下”。
二、重點詞匯——　
1．worthwhile adj.值得花時間(或花錢、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
①(選詞填空)The novel is 　　　　　　　 reading but it's not 　　　　　　 of being translated. So it's not 　　　　　　 to spend so much time on it.(worth/worthy/worthwhile)
②(話題寫作之圖書推薦)這本參考書值得買，因為它對你的學習很有幫助。(一句多譯)
→The reference book _______________________________　， because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
→The reference book _____________________________　， because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
(1)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事
(2)be worthy
(3)be worth
2.appointment n．約定，約會；任命，委任；職務
①It's a great pity that I can't keep the 　　　　　　 (appoint) with you to go out this weekend.
②Fortunately, we arrived at the 　　　　　　 (appoint) place on time.
③I have an appointment 　　　　　　 Dr Smith but I need to change it now.
④(語境辨義)I'm looking for a permanent appointment to feed my family.　　　　　　　　
(1)have an appointment with sb.與某人有約
make an appointment with sb.與某人預約
keep/break an appointment　守/違約
(2)appoint vt. 任命；委任；安排，確定(時間、地點)
appoint sb.as/to be ... 任命某人為……
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. 指定的；約定的
3．ashamed adj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬
①I was 　　　　　　 (shame) of making such a stupid mistake.
②It's 　　　　　　 shame that many students don't have self discipline when they learn on the Internet.
③I was once ashamed 　　　　　　 (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
④(心理描寫)　　　　　　　　　， I did not live up to my parents' expectations.　令我慚愧的是，我辜負了父母的期望。
(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到慚愧
be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事
(2)shame n．羞恥；羞愧；讓人遺憾的事
vt. 使羞愧(或慚愧)
It's a shame that ... ……真讓人遺憾
to one's shame令某人感到羞恥的是
4．disappointed adj.失望的，沮喪的
①　　　　　　 (disappoint) at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.
②The 　　　　　　 (disappoint) news that he failed in the exam made him in low spirits.
③I saw a 　　　　　　 (disappoint) expression on his face due to his disappointing test score.
④The modern opera was a bit of a 　　　　　　 (disappoint); we expected it to be much better.
⑤(寫作增分句)　　　　　　　　　　　　， it rained every day of the trip.　這次旅行天天下雨，讓我們大失所望。
(1)be disappointed at/with/by sth.對某事感到失望
be disappointed in sb.　對某人感到失望
(2)disappointing adj.令人失望的
(3)disappointment n．　失望
(much) to one's disappointment＝to one's (great) disappointment 使某人(非常)失望的是
5．pretend vi.& vt.假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認為
①He often pretends 　　　　　　 (work) when actually he is just wasting time online.
②Don't pretend 　　　　　　　　 (know) what you don't know.
③When Mother came back, I pretended 　　　　　　　　　 (fall) asleep.
④(細節描寫)She fought back her tears on such an occasion, 　　　　　　　　　　　.
在這種場合下她忍住了眼淚，裝作沒有聽見他們所說的話。
pretend
三、重點短語——　
1．arm in arm 臂挽著臂
①(心理描寫)Watching the old couple walking along the beach 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 gives me a sense of happiness.
看著這對老人臂挽臂在海灘上散步，讓我感到很幸福。
②(動作描寫)She arranged the chairs in two rows, placed 　　　　　　　　　.她把椅子背靠背擺成兩排。
③(建議信)Why don't you have a chat with her__________ 　？
你為何不坦誠地與她聊一聊？
④(話題寫作之環境保護)Only when all of us join ________________ to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment.
只有我們所有人攜手對抗空氣污染，我們才能擁有更好的環境。
hand in hand　　　手牽手；攜手
face to face 面對面
back to back 背靠背
shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩
heart to heart 心貼心；坦誠地
step by step 一步一步地
2．go wrong出錯，發生故障
①(同義替換)If you do what she tells you, you won't make a mistake.　　　　　　　　
②(寫作增分句)Children must be taught to _________________　.
一定要教孩子們分清是非。
③(人物描寫)He hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in defence and was fine in attack.
他防守的時候幾乎滴水不漏，進攻也很出色。
④(寫作增分句)But even if an event is organized carefully, 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不過即使一件事安排得很周密，也可能會出錯。
(1)get sb./sth. wrong　　　　　　誤會，誤解，曲解
put a foot wrong 犯錯誤；做錯事
(2)judge between right and wrong 判斷是非
in the wrong (在事故、錯誤、爭論等中) 有錯，應承擔責任
right a wrong 糾正錯誤；平反昭雪
名師指津：go wrong是“go＋形容詞”結構，此處go是系動詞，表示“變得”，通常指不好的變化。
四、一詞多義——　
1.①Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock.　__________②He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time.　 __________　　③As soon as the equipment is wired up, you can use it.　 __________　　 1.wireA．vt.給(某人)打電報B．vt.接通(電源)C．n.金屬絲；電線
2.①They quoted us ￡3,000 for installing the equipment. __________　　　②Can you quote me an instance of when this happened 　　　③The article starts with a quote from an unnamed writer.　 __________　　④He quoted a passage from the minister's speech.　　 __________　 2.quoteA．n.引語B．vt.& vi.引用，引述C．vt.& vi.報(價)，開(價)D．vt.舉例說明
數智賦能 隨堂訓練—用單元所學知識補全語段
(說明：文中加黑詞匯為本單元主題詞匯)
(2024·北京高考·閱讀理解D篇)Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因紐特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (規范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence self discipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self control, just as it boosts problem solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
[真題評價]
1．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code？(　 )
A．Living conditions were the drive.
B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis.
D．Honesty was the key.
2．What can we learn from this passage？(　 )
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self control.
D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
3．Which would be the best title for this passage (　 )
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures
B．The Values of Self discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos
D．The Roots of Morality
[語篇精讀]
一、理文脈，把握文章大意
本文是一篇說明文，采用了“特殊—一般”型的語篇模式。
二、拓詞匯，厚積語基語料
1．因境辨義(寫出下列黑體詞在文中的詞性及含義)
①(熟詞生義)With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.　　_________________　　　　　　
②(派生詞)These universal norms far pre date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.　　 _________________　　　　　　
③(轉化詞)Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.　　 _________________　　　　　　
2．詞塊積累(寫出下列詞塊在文中的漢語意思)
①be taken to heart　　　　_______________　　　　　　　　　
②the intense desire to belong 　_______________　　　　　　　
③the norms and values _______________　　　　　　　　
④boost problem solving skills _______________　　　　　　　　
⑤in extremely unobvious ways _______________　　　　　　　　
三、析難句，破解閱讀障礙
In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self control, just as it boosts problem solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.
抓標志：連詞_______________　　　　　
判類型：復合句→主句＋狀語從句
試翻譯：在人類中，一個很發達的大腦能提高自我控制能力，就像它能提高社會和物質世界中解決問題的能力一樣。
由教材典句，學高級表達　
句式　before引導時間狀語從句
|解|讀|規|則|
含before 的常用句式有：
①It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就會……”(before從句用一般現在時)。
②It wasn't long before ...“沒過多久就……”(before從句用一般過去時)。
③It will be＋一段時間＋before ...“要過若干時間之后才……”(before從句用一般現在時)。
④It was＋一段時間＋before ...“過了若干時間才……”(before從句用一般過去時)。
|習|練|規|則|　(單句語法填空/句型轉換)
①It didn't take long 　　　　　　 they walked through the front door carrying a big box.
②We will get the results after months.
→______________________________ we get the results.
|應|用|寫|美|
③(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷寫作)我用力握了一下他的手，然后跳下車，瘋狂地向公交車跑去，在它出發前的那一刻跳了上去。
Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped _______________onto it just 　.
④(話題寫作之環境保護)過不了多久，全球變暖就會導致海洋生態系統中的珊瑚礁減少99%以上。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 global warming causes coral reefs to decline by more than 99% in sea ecosystems.
建構語義場，豐富語料庫　
子語境(一)　誠實守信
1．find out the truth　　　　發現真相
2．lead to a crisis of trust 導致信任危機
3．hurt people's feelings 傷害人們的感情
4．cause unexpected embarrassment or trouble
引起意想不到的尷尬或麻煩
5．Don't throw away honesty, and when you go back and pick it up, it has lost its original color！　切勿丟掉誠實，當你回過頭再去撿時，它已失去了原有的色彩！
6．You should first of all keep in mind that honesty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that you can be proud of.
你首先應該記住，誠為上策： 始終都要努力以一種讓你引以為豪的方式完成你的學業。
子語境(二)　承擔責任
1．a well developed sense of responsibility　高度責任感
2．make the world a better place讓世界更美好
3．have a responsibility to make a contribution有責任做出貢獻
4．be responsible for your successes and your failures
要對自己的成功和失敗負責任
5．Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.　不要急于責怪別人，先分析問題，如果確實是你自己的錯，準備好承認錯誤，然后改正它。
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟　
(一)應用單元所學補全語段(黑體字為單元詞匯的復現)
Hello everyone!
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我很榮幸能站在這里發表演講) about the person I respect most.②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (說到我最尊重的人), I have to mention my uncle, who is always keen on helping others.
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (熱心且可靠), he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (無論何時我感到沮喪), he always stands by me and assists me to overcome the difficulties.Under his guidance, I have learned that it's worthwhile ⑤　
　 (努力使世界更加美好)．
Such is my uncle, a decent man, from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
Thank you for your listening.
(二)對標單元主題創寫語段
Peter是一名很有上進心的小學生，為了周一的這次拼寫測試，他整個周末都在家認真復習。終于，功夫不負有心人，他獲得了滿分的好成績，并受到了Mr White的重點表揚。但是試卷發下來后，Peter卻發現有個錯單詞被老師遺漏了……
請你結合具體情節，描寫一下Peter拿到試卷后的心理變化：自豪→困惑→沉思→抉擇，注意突顯“Honesty is the best policy！”這一主題。
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.　
UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
[課堂學案·過詞匯關]
一、變形詞匯
1．barely　2.reliable　3.suspicious　4.decent　5.discouraging
6．guilty　7.wrinkled　8.guidance
二、重點詞匯
1．①worth; worthy; worthwhile　②is worth buying; is worthy to be bought/of being bought; It is worthwhile buying/to buy
2．①appointment　②appointed　③with　④職位
3．①ashamed　②a　③to admit　④To my shame
4．①Disappointed　②disappointing　③disappointed
④disappointment　⑤To our great disappointment
5．①to be working　②to know　③to have fallen
④pretending not to hear what they said
三、重點短語
1．①arm in arm　②back to back　③heart to heart
④hand in hand
2．①go wrong　　②judge between right and wrong
③put a foot wrong　④it can go wrong
四、一詞多義
1．①C　②A　③B　2.①C　②D　③A　④B
[遷移應用·過閱讀關]
[真題評價]
[價值導向]　本文是一篇說明文。文章通過Franz Boas對19世紀因紐特人生活的介紹引入主題，探討了早期人類道德準則的形成過程及其如何根植于人類共同的社會本能和學習機制之中。選文旨在引發學生思考美的真諦，審視自己的日常行為，恪守道德準則追求內在美。
1．選C　推理判斷題。 根據第一段內容，尤其是尾句“With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.” 可推知，因紐特人道德準則的形成以社會傳統為基礎。
2．選B　細節理解題。 根據第二段中的“These universal norms far pre date the concept ...learning and problem solving.”可知，普世性規范的建立源于人類的基本需求。
3．選D　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章通過 Franz Boas對19世紀因紐特人生活的介紹引入主題，探討了早期人類道德準則的形成過程及其如何根植于人類共同的社會本能和學習機制之中。因此，D項“道德的起源”是本文的最佳標題。
[語篇精讀]
二、1.①adj.棘手的，難應付的　②v.早于　③v.使……扎根
2．①銘記于心　②強烈的歸屬感　③規范和價值觀
④提高解決問題的能力　⑤以極其不明顯的方式
三、as
[發展提升·過表達關]
由教材典句，學高級表達
[句式]　①before　②It will be months before
③before it departed　④It won't be long before
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟
(一)①It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech　②When it comes to the person I respect most
③Warm hearted and reliable
④Whenever I feel discouraged
⑤to make efforts to make the world a better place
(二)參考范文：
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.All of a sudden, the word “contribusion” confused him.It didn't seem right.Peter began to compare it with the one on the word list. It turned out that he had spelled it wrong.Staring at the red sign “100” which was written on his test paper, Peter was lost in thought. After a while, he remembered a lesson Mum used to teach him, “We ought to be an honest person.After all, honesty is the best policy！” Peter raised his hand slowly and nervously, “Mr White, I didn't get 100 in the test.I missed a word.”
19 / 19(共164張PPT)
目錄
CONTENTS
遷移應用—過閱讀關
03.
發展提升—過表達關
04.
自主學習—過識記關
01.
課堂學案—過詞匯關
02.
課下測評—過高考關
05.
1
自主學習—過識記關
|背|單|詞|
一、閱讀單詞(明其義)
1．jaw n．　　　　　　 下巴；頜
2．scar n. 傷疤；(精神上的)創傷；污點
3．eyebrow n. 眉毛
4．collar n. 衣領；頸圈；圈，箍
5．bless vt. (表示驚奇)；祝福
6．inch n. 英寸；少量，短距離
7．geophysicist n. 地球物理學家
8．socialist adj. 社會主義的
n. 社會主義者
9．ward n. 病房
10．substantial adj. 大量的，價值巨大的；
結實的，牢固的
11．mineral n. 礦物，礦物質
12．superb adj. 極佳的，卓越的，質量極高的
13．photographer n. 攝影師，拍照者
14．nephew n. 侄子，外甥
15．wrinkle n. 皺紋；褶皺，皺痕
vt.& vi. (使臉上)起皺紋，皺起
16．sew vi.& vt. 縫，做針線活；縫上
17．anchor n. 錨；給以安全感的人(或物)
vi.& vt. 拋錨；使固定
18．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；優點
19．integrity n. 誠實正直；完整，完好
20．organic adj. 有機的，統一的；綠色的，
不使用化肥的；生物的
21．starfish n. 海星，星魚
22．garbage n. 垃圾；廢話
23．saving n. 節省物，節省；儲蓄金
24．bonus n. 意外收獲；獎金，紅利
25．jade n. 玉，碧玉
26．rejoice vi.& vt. 非常高興，深感欣喜
二、核心單詞(書寫準)
1．barely adv.　　　　 剛好；僅僅，勉強可能；
幾乎不；剛才
2．keen adj. 靈敏的，敏銳的；
渴望，熱切，熱衷于
3．outline vt. 概述，略述
n. 概述；輪廓線，略圖
4．arrest n．& vt. 逮捕，拘捕
5．wire vt. 給(某人)打電報；接通(電源)
n. 金屬絲；電線；鐵絲網
6．criminal n. 罪犯
adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；
刑事的；不道德的
7．anyhow adv. 不過，總之；盡管；而且； 隨便地
8．principle n. 道德原則；法則；信條
9．decent adj. 正派的，合乎禮節的；
得體的，適當的
10．burden n. (義務、責任等的)重擔，負擔
11．core adj. 核心的；最重要的
n. 核心，最重要的部分
12．cheat vt. 欺騙，蒙騙
vi. 作弊，舞弊
13．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……纏繞
n. 披肩，圍巾；包裹材料
14．parcel n. 包裹，小包；一塊地
vt. 裹好，打包
15．bow n. 蝴蝶結；弓
vi. 鞠躬；低(頭)
16．pause vi. 停頓，暫停
n. 停頓，停頓的時間
17．pretend vi.& vt. 假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認為
18．privilege n. 榮幸；特殊利益
vt. 給予特權，特別優待
19．embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受；包含；擁抱
20．phase n. 階段，時期
21．likewise adv. 同樣地；也，而且
22．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
23．guidance n. 指導；導航
24．sow vt.&vi. 播種，種
25．harvest n. 收成，收獲量；收獲季節，收割
vt.&vi. 收割，捕獵
26．quote n. 引語
vt.&vi. 引用，引述；舉例說明
三、變形單詞(曉其變)
1．appoint　vt.　　 約定，指定，確定；任命，委任
appointed adj. 約定的，指定的
appointment n. 約定，約會；任命，委任；職務
2．rely vi. 依賴，依靠
reliable adj. 可信賴的，可依靠的；
真實可信的，可靠的
unreliable adj. 不能信賴的，不可靠的
3．worth adj. 有……價值；值……錢
worthless adj. 沒有價值的；沒有用的
worthwhile adj. 值得花時間，重要的，令人愉快的
worthy adj. 值得……的；有價值的
4．suspect vt. & vi. 疑有，覺得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑對象
suspicious adj. 可疑的
suspicion n. 懷疑，嫌疑
5．innocent adj. 無辜的，清白的，無罪的；天真無邪的，純真的
n. 無辜者，單純的人
innocently adv. 無罪地
innocence n. 天真；單純；無罪
6．legal adj. 合法的；法律的
legally adv. 合法地，法律上
illegal adj. 非法的，不合法的
illegally adv. 非法地
7．resign vt.& vi. 　 辭職，辭去
resignation n. 辭職；辭職信
8．guilt n. 愧疚
guilty 　　adj. 感到內疚的，感到慚愧的；
有罪的，有過失的
9．shame n. 羞恥，慚愧；遺憾的事
ashamed adj. 慚愧，羞愧，尷尬
shameful adj. 可恥的
shameless adj. 不知羞恥的
10．forgive vt.& vi. 　 原諒，寬恕；免除(債務)
forgiveness n. 原諒，寬恕
11．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的，沮喪的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment　 n. 失望
12．mercy n. 仁慈，寬恕
merciful adj. 寬大的；仁慈的
13．fault n. 過錯，責任；弱點，缺點
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的
14．courage n. 勇氣
encourage v. 鼓勵
discourage vt. 使灰心；勸阻
discouraging adj. 令人泄氣或沮喪的
discouraged adj. 灰心的
discouragement n． 勸阻；泄氣；
使人泄氣的事；挫折，氣餒
四、同“族”詞匯(巧積累)
1．身有“-ist”成專家
①geophysicist 　　　　　　 地球物理學家
②socialist 社會主義者
③biologist 生物學家
④scientist 科學家
2．后加“-ence”變名詞
①innocence 無罪，天真
②competence 能力；勝任
③confidence 信心
④consequence 結果
|背|短|語|
1．tear down　　　　　　　 拆毀，拆除
2．make one's fortune 發財
3．lose contact 失去聯系
4．turn up 出現，到來，露面
5．pull out 拽出，扯出；退出；
駛離路邊
6．arm in arm 臂挽著臂
7．under arrest 被逮捕
8．in store (for sb.) 即將發生(在某人身上)；
等待著(某人)
9．be responsible for 對……負責
10．treat ...as 把……視為
11．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……處置，對……無能為力
12．go through 經歷，經受
13．in all aspects 在各方面
14．make a difference 有影響；起(重要)作用
15．contribute to 有助于；促成
16．weigh on sb./sth. 使焦慮不安，
加重……的思想負擔
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，學高級句式
1．There used to be a restaurant where this store stands ...(There used to be ...“過去曾有……”)
這家店的位置以前是一家餐館……
2．Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.(情態動詞＋have done)
芝加哥警方料到你可能會順道來我們這里，給我們發了電報。
3．Before we go to the station, here's a note for you.(before引導的時間狀語從句)
在我們去警局之前，這還有張便條給你。
二、背主題佳句，學出彩表達
單元主題：誠實與責任
1．Honesty is a bridge between souls; those who are good at deceiving others will never reach the other end of the bridge.
誠實是心靈之間的橋梁，善于欺騙別人的人永遠到不了橋的另一端。
2．This experience has also taught me that as long as I never give up and keep trying, I can succeed.
這次經歷也教會了我，只要永不放棄并不斷嘗試，我就會成功。
3．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
由于他能夠堅持不懈地做他所選擇做的任何事情，因此他在很多領域都已經取得巨大的成就。
|背|語|段|
以讀促寫：場景渲染之比賽場景
During the event, enthusiasm swept over us all. When the relay race was under way, the athletes were running as fast as possible to pass other opponents, which kept spectators on the edge of their seats. “Hold on! You can make it！” the students yelled. In the distance running match, all of the students, teachers and parents cheered and clapped for runners who passed by.
比賽期間我們大家熱情高漲。當接力賽正在進行的時候，運動員拼命地跑，想超越其他對手，這使得觀眾激動不已。“加油！你能成功！”學生們歡呼道。長跑賽時，全體師生、家長為沖過去的運動員喝彩、鼓掌。
[高分悟道]　本段使用了“were running as fast as possible, kept spectators on the edge of their seats, Hold on, make it, yelled, cheered and clapped”等詞匯和詞塊，勾勒出一幅激動人心的運動員們你追我趕的激烈的比賽場景，生動形象地表達了在場觀眾的興奮之情。
一、默寫核心單詞
1．______ ten o'clock at night　大約晚上十點
2．_____ eyes 銳利的眼睛
3．_______ the plan 概述計劃
4．under _______ 被捕
5．_________, I will insist on doing it.
不管怎樣，我都會堅持下去。
barely
keen
outline
arrest
Anyhow
6．stick to my _________ 堅持我的原則
7．a _______ place to live 相當不錯的住所
8．______ the presents 包裝禮物
9．a _______ of books 一包書
10．_____ in shame 羞愧地低下頭
11．_______ and look back 停下回頭看看
principles
decent
wrap
parcel
bow
pause
12．_______ to be reading 假裝在看書
13．________ the future 迎接未來
14．inspire people to do ________ 激勵人們同樣那樣做
15．meet the _________ 在期限內完成
16．_____ the seeds 播下種子
17．during the ________ 在收獲季節
pretend
embrace
likewise
deadline
sow
harvest
二、默寫變形單詞(依據語境提示在橫線上寫出單詞的正確形式)
appointment
appointed
appoint
reliable
rely
unreliable
worthwhile
worth
worthless
suspect
suspicious
suspicion
innocent
innocence
innocently
resign
resignation
guilty
guilt
ashamed
shame
forgive
forgiveness
disappointed
disappointing
merciful
mercy
fault
faulty
courage
encourage
discouraging
三、默寫重點短語
1．__________　　　　　　　 拆毀，拆除
2．__________________ 發財
3．____________ 失去聯系
4．__________ 出現，到來，露面
5．__________ 拽出，扯出；退出
6．___________ 臂挽著臂
tear down
make one's fortune
lose contact
turn up
pull out
arm in arm
7．_____________ 被逮捕
8．________________ 即將發生(在某人身上)
9．_________________ 對……負責
10．__________ 把……視為
11．_____________________ 任……處置
12．_______________ 使焦慮不安
under arrest
in store (for sb.)
be responsible for
treat ...as
at the mercy of sb./sth.
weigh on sb./sth.
2
課堂學案—過詞匯關
一、變形詞匯——練清易錯微點
1．He did well in mathematics, but _______(bare) got through in chemistry.
2．Only when the theory is combined with practice can the former become ________(rely) knowledge.
3．If you see something __________(suspect), inform the police at once.
4．The new CEO is an educated, considerate, and ________ (decency) man.
barely
reliable
suspicious
decent
5．Instead of seeing the setback as something ______________ (discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.
6．She feels ________(guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids.
7．There would be a day when our faces would be ___________ (wrinkle)．
8．If it had not been for Mr Wang's _________(guide), we couldn't have created the stage play successfully.
discouraging
guilty
wrinkled
guidance
易錯微點
1．suspicious意為“可疑的”，常見搭配為be suspicious of/about ...“對……懷疑”；動詞suspect 的常見搭配為suspect sb.of (doing) sth.“懷疑某人(做了)某事”。
2．discouraging 意為“令人泄氣的”；動詞discourage的常見搭配為discourage sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。
3．if it had not been for one's guidance意為“要不是有某人的指導”，guidance的常見用法還有under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb.“在某人的指導下”。
二、重點詞匯——練后拓展歸納
1．worthwhile adj.值得花時間(或花錢、努力等)，重要的，
令人愉快的
①(選詞填空)The novel is ________ reading but it's not ________ of being translated. So it's not _____________ to spend so much time on it.(worth/worthy/worthwhile)
worth
worthy
worthwhile
②(話題寫作之圖書推薦)這本參考書值得買，因為它對你的學習很有幫助。(一句多譯)
→The reference book ________________, because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
→The reference book ____________________________________, because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
→___________________________ the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
is worth buying
is worthy to be bought/of being bought
It is worthwhile buying/to buy
2．appointment n．約定，約會；任命，委任；職務
①It's a great pity that I can't keep the _____________(appoint) with you to go out this weekend.
②Fortunately, we arrived at the __________(appoint) place on time.
③I have an appointment ______ Dr Smith but I need to change it now.
④(語境辨義)I'm looking for a permanent appointment to feed my family. ______
appointment
appointed
with
職位
(1)have an appointment with sb. 與某人有約
make an appointment with sb. 與某人預約
keep/break an appointment　 守/違約
(2)appoint vt. 任命；委任；安排，
確定(時間、地點)
appoint sb.as/to be ... 任命某人為……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. 指定的；約定的
3．ashamed adj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬
①I was __________(shame) of making such a stupid mistake.
②It's ____ shame that many students don't have self-discipline when they learn on the Internet.
③I was once ashamed ___________(admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
④(心理描寫)______________, I did not live up to my parents' expectations.
令我慚愧的是，我辜負了父母的期望。
ashamed
a
to admit
To my shame
(1)be/feel ashamed of 因……感到慚愧
be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事
(2)shame n． 羞恥；羞愧；讓人遺憾的事
vt. 使羞愧(或慚愧)
It's a shame that ... ……真讓人遺憾
to one's shame 令某人感到羞恥的是
4．disappointed adj.失望的，沮喪的
①______________(disappoint) at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.
②The ______________(disappoint) news that he failed in the exam made him in low spirits.
③I saw a ______________(disappoint) expression on his face due to his disappointing test score.
Disappointed
disappointing
disappointed
④The modern opera was a bit of a _______________(disappoint); we expected it to be much better.
⑤(寫作增分句)__________________________, it rained every day of the trip.　
這次旅行天天下雨，讓我們大失所望。
disappointment
To our great disappointment
(1)be disappointed at/with/by sth. 對某事感到失望
be disappointed in sb. 對某人感到失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(3)disappointment n. 失望
(much) to one's disappointment
＝to one's (great) disappointment 使某人(非常)失望的是
5．pretend vi.& vt.假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認為
①He often pretends _____________(work) when actually he is just wasting time online.
②Don't pretend _________(know) what you don't know.
③When Mother came back, I pretended _____________(fall) asleep.
④(細節描寫)She fought back her tears on such an occasion, __________________________________.
在這種場合下她忍住了眼淚，裝作沒有聽見他們所說的話。
to be working
to know
to have fallen
pretending not to hear what they said
三、重點短語——練后查找疏漏
1．arm in arm 臂挽著臂
①(心理描寫)Watching the old couple walking along the beach _____________ gives me a sense of happiness.
看著這對老人臂挽臂在海灘上散步，讓我感到很幸福。
②(動作描寫)She arranged the chairs in two rows, placed _____________.　
她把椅子背靠背擺成兩排。
arm in arm
back to back
③(建議信)Why don't you have a chat with her ______________
你為何不坦誠地與她聊一聊？
④(話題寫作之環境保護)Only when all of us join _____________ to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment.
只有我們所有人攜手對抗空氣污染，我們才能擁有更好的環境。
heart to heart
hand in hand
hand in hand　　　 手牽手；攜手
face to face 面對面
back to back 背靠背
shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩
heart to heart 心貼心；坦誠地
step by step 一步一步地
2.go wrong出錯，發生故障
①(同義替換)If you do what she tells you, you won't make a mistake. __________
②(寫作增分句)Children must be taught to __________________ ___________.　
一定要教孩子們分清是非。
go wrong
judge between right
and wrong
③(人物描寫)He hardly _________________ in defence and was fine in attack.　
他防守的時候幾乎滴水不漏，進攻也很出色。
④(寫作增分句)But even if an event is organized carefully, ________________.　
不過即使一件事安排得很周密，也可能會出錯。
put a foot wrong
it can go wrong
(1)get sb./sth. Wrong 誤會，誤解，曲解
put a foot wrong 犯錯誤；做錯事
(2)judge between right and wrong 判斷是非
in the wrong (在事故、錯誤、爭論等中)
有錯，應承擔責任
right a wrong 糾正錯誤；平反昭雪
名師指津：go wrong是“go＋形容詞”結構，此處go是系動詞，表示“變得”，通常指不好的變化。
四、一詞多義——語境中辨詞義(對應右欄詞義填代碼)
1.①Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock. ___ ②He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time. ___ ③As soon as the equipment is wired up, you can use it. ___ 1.wire
A．vt.給(某人)打電報
B．vt.接通(電源)
C．n.金屬絲；電線
C
A
B
2.①They quoted us ￡3,000 for installing the equipment. ___ ②Can you quote me an instance of when this happened ___ ③The article starts with a quote from an unnamed writer. ___ ④He quoted a passage from the minister's speech. ___ 2.quote
A．n.引語
B．vt.& vi.引用，
引述
C．vt.& vi.報(價)，開(價)
D．vt.舉例說明
數智賦能 隨堂訓練—用單元所學知識補全語段
C
D
A
B
3
遷移應用—過閱讀關
(說明：文中加藍詞匯為本單元主題詞匯)
(2024·北京高考·閱讀理解D篇)Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因紐特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (規范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.
Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
[真題評價]
[價值導向]　本文是一篇說明文。文章通過Franz Boas對19世紀因紐特人生活的介紹引入主題，探討了早期人類道德準則的形成過程及其如何根植于人類共同的社會本能和學習機制之中。選文旨在引發學生思考美的真諦，審視自己的日常行為，恪守道德準則追求內在美。
1．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code
A．Living conditions were the drive.
B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis.
D．Honesty was the key.
√
解析：推理判斷題。 根據第一段內容，尤其是尾句“With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.” 可推知，因紐特人道德準則的形成以社會傳統為基礎。
2．What can we learn from this passage
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self-control.
D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
解析：細節理解題。 根據第二段中的“These universal norms far pre-date the concept ...learning and problem solving.”可知，普世性規范的建立源于人類的基本需求。
√
3．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures
B．The Values of Self-discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos
D．The Roots of Morality
√
解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章通過 Franz Boas對19世紀因紐特人生活的介紹引入主題，探討了早期人類道德準則的形成過程及其如何根植于人類共同的社會本能和學習機制之中。因此，D項“道德的起源”是本文的最佳標題。
[語篇精讀]
一、理文脈，把握文章大意
本文是一篇說明文，采用了
“特殊—一般”型的語篇模式。
二、拓詞匯，厚積語基語料
1．因境辨義(寫出下列黑體詞在文中的詞性及含義)
①(熟詞生義)With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.___________________
②(派生詞)These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.________
adj.棘手的，難應付的
v.早于
③(轉化詞)Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. ________________
v.使……扎根
2．詞塊積累(寫出下列詞塊在文中的漢語意思)
①be taken to heart　　　　　 ____________
②the intense desire to belong _____________
③the norms and values ______________
④boost problem-solving skills __________________
⑤in extremely unobvious ways ___________________
銘記于心
強烈的歸屬感
規范和價值觀
提高解決問題的能力
以極其不明顯的方式
三、析難句，破解閱讀障礙
In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.
抓標志：連詞 ___
判類型：復合句→主句＋狀語從句
試翻譯：在人類中，一個很發達的大腦能提高自我控制能力，就像它能提高社會和物質世界中解決問題的能力一樣。
as
4
發展提升—過表達關
由教材典句，學高級表達
句式　before引導時間狀語從句
|解|讀|規|則|
含before 的常用句式有：
①It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就會……”(before從句用一般現在時)。
②It wasn't long before ...“沒過多久就……”(before從句用一般過去時)。
③It will be＋一段時間＋before ...“要過若干時間之后才……”(before從句用一般現在時)。
④It was＋一段時間＋before ...“過了若干時間才……”(before從句用一般過去時)。
|習|練|規|則|　(單句語法填空/句型轉換)
①It didn't take long _______ they walked through the front door carrying a big box.
②We will get the results after months.
→_______________________ we get the results.
before
It will be months before
|應|用|寫|美|
③(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷寫作)我用力握了一下他的手，然后跳下車，瘋狂地向公交車跑去，在它出發前的那一刻跳了上去。
Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just _________________.
④(話題寫作之環境保護)過不了多久，全球變暖就會導致海洋生態系統中的珊瑚礁減少99%以上。
_____________________ global warming causes coral reefs to decline by more than 99% in sea ecosystems.
before it departed
It won't be long before
建構語義場，豐富語料庫
子語境(一)　誠實守信
1．find out the truth　　　　 發現真相
2．lead to a crisis of trust 導致信任危機
3．hurt people's feelings 傷害人們的感情
4．cause unexpected embarrassment or trouble
引起意想不到的尷尬或麻煩
5．Don't throw away honesty, and when you go back and pick it up, it has lost its original color!
切勿丟掉誠實，當你回過頭再去撿時，它已失去了原有的色彩！
6．You should first of all keep in mind that honesty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that you can be proud of.
你首先應該記住，誠為上策： 始終都要努力以一種讓你引以為豪的方式完成你的學業。
子語境(二)　承擔責任
1．a well-developed sense of responsibility　 高度責任感
2．make the world a better place 讓世界更美好
3．have a responsibility to make a contribution 有責任做出貢獻
4．be responsible for your successes and your failures
要對自己的成功和失敗負責任
5．Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.
不要急于責怪別人，先分析問題，如果確實是你自己的錯，準備好承認錯誤，然后改正它。
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟
(一)應用單元所學補全語段(藍體字為單元詞匯的復現)
Hello everyone!
①_______________________________________________(我很榮幸能站在這里發表演講) about the person I respect most.②_________ _______________________________(說到我最尊重的人), I have to mention my uncle, who is always keen on helping others.
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech
When it
comes to the person I respect most
③________________________(熱心且可靠), he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.④______________ ___________(無論何時我感到沮喪), he always stands by me and assists me to overcome the difficulties.Under his guidance, I have learned that it's worthwhile ⑤________________________________ ____________(努力使世界更加美好)．
Such is my uncle, a decent man, from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
Thank you for your listening.
Warm-hearted and reliable
Whenever I feel
discouraged
to make efforts to make the world a
better place
(二)對標單元主題創寫語段
Peter是一名很有上進心的小學生，為了周一的這次拼寫測試，他整個周末都在家認真復習。終于，功夫不負有心人，他獲得了滿分的好成績，并受到了Mr White的重點表揚。但是試卷發下來后，Peter卻發現有個錯單詞被老師遺漏了……
請你結合具體情節，描寫一下Peter拿到試卷后的心理變化：自豪→困惑→沉思→抉擇，注意突顯“Honesty is the best policy！”這一主題。
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
參考范文：
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.All of a sudden, the word “contribusion” confused him.It didn't seem right.Peter began to compare it with the one on the word list. It turned out that he had spelled it wrong.Staring at the red sign “100” which was written on his test paper, Peter was lost in thought. After a while, he remembered a lesson Mum used to teach him, “We ought to be an honest person.After all, honesty is the best policy！” Peter raised his hand slowly and nervously, “Mr White, I didn't get 100 in the test.I missed a word.”
5
課下測評—過高考關
課時作業(一)　主題閱讀集群訓練　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2025·南通模擬)Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was not living the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and many new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥)，” she says. The Adamah program opened Sacks' eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”．
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff — like clothing, decorations, and food — all of which she documents on the social media.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste，” she says.
Sacks' main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve，” she says.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Anna Sacks參加了農業項目Adamah，學習可持續生活和種植可持續作物，這改變了她的生活目標和技能，希望引起人們對過度購買和過度浪費的關注，從而做出改變。
1．Why did Anna Sacks leave New York
A．To learn how to grow food.
B．To pursue a more meaningful life.
C．To realize her dream as a volunteer.
D．To accept the invitation from a program.
解析：細節理解題。根據第一段中的“she wanted to do something that felt important”以及第二段前兩句可知，Anna Sacks離開紐約是因為她想過有意義的生活。
√
2．What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program
A．The significance of trash walking.
B．The hard truth of consumer culture.
C．The sustainable food people produced.
D．The way people there dealt with the waste.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段第一句可知，那里的人們處理廢棄物的方式給Anna Sacks留下了最深的印象。
√
3．What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash
A．The tax refund.
B．The tax reduction.
C．The overproduction.
D．The poor quality of goods.
解析：細節理解題。根據倒數第二段倒數第二句可知，退稅讓公司更愿意把商品當垃圾扔掉。
√
4．What can we learn from Anna Sacks' story
A．Consumer culture accounts for wasting.
B．Corporate trash outweighs residential trash.
C．Turning to farming leads to sustainable living.
D．Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy.
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段可知，Anna Sacks的故事告訴我們：消費文化導致了過度生產、過度消費和大量浪費。
√
B
(2025·衡水中學模擬)There's a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect.That's where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society.Put simply, if you're doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn't), you're more likely to think plenty of other people do it too.What's more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏見) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors.Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting.More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷獵) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law.They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view.The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it.For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there's already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful.Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors.Encouragingly, stimulating people's natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”， or to publicly buy eco-friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors.Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是“錯誤共識效應”，并說明可以通過這一效應背后的心理學原理來實施社會規范，從而鼓勵和推廣環境友好行為。
5．Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A．A student spends long hours surfing the Internet.
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
√
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段及第二段第二句可知，錯誤共識效應表示我們高估自己的行為在社會上的可接受性和普遍性，即使自己知道這件事不應該做，D項“吸煙者認為人們普遍贊成吸煙”就是一個典型的例子。
6．How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A．It is unacceptable.　 B．It is widespread.
C．It is controversial. D．It is complex.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句可知，大多數澳大利亞漁民認為偷獵是不可接受的。
√
7．What does the underlined part “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Embrace green habits for better health.
B．Make green choices that others can perceive.
C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
√
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線部分上下文語境可知，激發人們對于身份的自然渴望能吸引人們做出能讓別人感知到的綠色生活的選擇，故畫線部分表示“做出別人能感知到的綠色生活的選擇”。
8．What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems
A．Understate social norms.
B．Highlight personal responsibilities.
C．Publicize sustainable practices.
D．Encourage technological innovations.
√
解析：推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段第一句及最后一段可知，通過社會規范公布其他人的思考和行為信息可以鼓勵和推廣環境友好行為，因此，宣傳可持續實踐是一個值得推薦的處理環境問題的方法。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2025·山東名校聯考)The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them.As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings. 9
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination.You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn't know you possessed to overcome the challenges. 10 That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
精品課件·名師析題
Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook.Priorities shift. 11 You have a deeper appreciation for life's simple moments and clarity about what matters.Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day. 12 The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures.Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.You can pursue new dreams or make a long-wished-for switch in your situation.The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives.You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens.Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties. 13 Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B．They're there if you are bent on searching for them.
C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D．Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.
E．What seemed important before now pales in comparison.
F．Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.
G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了面對困難、應對挑戰時我們應該怎么做。
9．解析：選B　上文提到，如果你睜開眼去看，就能發現生活中的風暴也會留下禮物。當天空變晴，你開始從失落中走出來，尋找一線希望。故B項“如果你執意要尋找，它們就在那里”承接上文，符合語境。選項中“them”指代上文的“the silver linings”。
10．解析：選F　上文提到，你必須深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己擁有的力量來克服挑戰，F項“現在你知道你有戰勝風暴的內在力量”承接上文，符合語境。且后文中的“That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities”與選項中的“the inner power”呼應。
11．解析：選E　上文提到走出困境后你看待事情的視角會發生轉變，關注的重點會有不同。E項“以前看來重要的東西，現在相比之下就相形見絀了”承接上文，解釋說明上文提到的“Priorities shift”，符合語境。
12．解析：選A　下文解釋了改變的益處。故A項“劇烈的變化往往會導致轉變”銜接下文，符合語境。
13．解析：選C　上文提到可以利用自己的經驗幫助周圍的人面對困難，C項“提供一個傾聽的耳朵并和他們分享你的故事”承接上文，提供了具體的方法。
課時作業(二)　語言技能綜合訓練　　　　　
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·河南周口四校聯考)Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary.There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.But these were no 1 envelopes; each was packed with cash, 2 to a total of between $45,000 and $50,000.Rhett, 3 the moment, said, “We didn't know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This 4 find quickly turned into a moral decision.
5 the life-changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of 6 . Rhett humorously reflected on their 7 process, saying, “The first reaction was like, well, let's get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its 8 .The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were 9 .Hearing the news, Rhett's mom definitely 10 it!
The owner's reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude.He planned to meet the young men to thank them 11 and offer a reward.The story of these three young men is a convincing 12 of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions 13 an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (誘惑), it's possible to choose the right course of action.Despite the countless ways it could have 14 them, the young men's decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly 15 .
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個名叫瑞德的年輕人和他的朋友們撿到巨額現金并選擇歸還失主的故事，說明了什么是真正重要的價值觀。
1．A.thick　　　　　　　 B．ordinary
C．valuable D．official
解析：根據后文“each was packed with cash”可知，這不是普通的信封，每個里面都裝滿了現金。
√
2．A.amounting B．referring
C．sticking D．contributing
解析：根據后文“to a total of between $45,000 and $50,000”可知，信封里錢的數量達到了4.5萬到5萬美元。
√
3．A.recording B．blessing
C．recalling D．picking
解析：根據后文語境可知，此處是他在回憶撿到信封的情景。
4．A.unavoidable B．unconfirmed
C．uneventful D．unexpected
解析：根據上文語境可知，他們是意外發現這些信封的。
√
√
5．A.Instead of B．Owing to
C．In addition to D．In spite of
解析：此處表示盡管他們手上的這些錢足以改變他們的生活，但他們選擇了誠實。前后文語境為讓步轉折關系，表示“盡管”應用in spite of。
√
6．A.integrity B．patience
C．tolerance D．generosity
解析：根據后文語境可知，他們選擇上交信封，選擇誠實。
7．A.eye-catching B．decision-making
C．time-saving D．mind-blowing
解析：根據后文語境可知，此處是在回顧他們做決定的過程。
√
√
8．A.survival B．progress
C．recovery D．application
解析：根據上文語境可知，此處表示丟失的錢被取回，意為“失而復得”，應用recovery。
√
9．A.imperfect B．immeasurable
C．impractical D．impure
解析：根據上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此處表示失主一定會感到無比的寬慰和感激，表示“不可估量的”用immeasurable。
√
10．A.warned B．doubted
C．applauded D．advocated
解析：根據上文可知，瑞德選擇歸還這筆錢，因此瑞德的媽媽得知兒子做法后很欣慰，故此處表示高興得鼓掌。
√
11．A.vividly B．frequently
C．casually D．personally
解析：根據后文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算親自去見這些年輕人，向他們道謝，并給出獎賞。
√
12．A.victory B．investment
C．response D．reminder
解析：根據上文語境可知，此處表示，這個故事提醒我們正確的選擇帶來的影響。
√
13．A.carry away B．consist of
C．serve as D．rely on
解析：根據后文“an inspiration to others”可知，他們的行為激勵了其他人。
√
14．A.recognized B．benefited
C．honored D．alarmed
解析：結合上文可知，此處表示幾個年輕人撿到了一大筆錢，本來可以從中受益，但他們選擇了歸還失主。
√
15．A.matter B．arise
C．disappear D．remain
解析：根據上文可知，這幾個年輕人決定歸還這筆錢，這是一個強有力的例子，證明了什么是真正重要的價值觀。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空
(2025·臺州模擬)Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art — that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京絹人)．In 1997, she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1 entire year making several figurines, only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost 2 (basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques，” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products, but their price 3 (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4 they needed: finding ways to reduce production costs. She made many creative and bold 5 (adaptation) to the traditional figurines, like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the 6 (origin) one.However, 7 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship, she preserved several hand-made processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 8 the craft, Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little, dolls 9 (call) yangwawa, meaning Western dolls，” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 10 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people, figurines with a rich historical implication.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章詳細講述了唐燕在拯救瀕臨失傳的“北京絹人”藝術的過程中遇到的挑戰與困難，以及她如何成功創建了自己的“唐娃娃”品牌。
1．an　考查冠詞。year是可數名詞，句中用的單數，空前應用不定冠詞修飾，表示“一”，且entire以元音音素開頭，故填an。
2．basically　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞，應用副詞形式，故填basically。
3．drove　考查動詞時態。本句是but連接的并列句，drive作后句的謂語，根據前文“were amazed”可知，應用一般過去時，故填drove。
4．what　考查賓語從句。空處引導賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，表示“……的事物”，故填what。
5．adaptations　考查名詞復數。空前是形容詞，所以空處應用名詞作賓語；根據前文的“many”可知，應用復數形式。
6．original　考查形容詞。空后是名詞，所以應用形容詞作定語，故填original。
7．to lend　考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞preserved，所以空處應用非謂語動詞形式；此處表示目的，應用不定式作目的狀語。
8．to　考查介詞。devotion to意為“對……的獻身”，為固定搭配。
9．were called　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。call作本句謂語，和主語dolls之間是被動關系，應用被動語態；根據前文的“was”可知，應用一般過去時；主語為復數，故填were called。
10．bearing　考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞wanted，所以bear應用非謂語形式，且bear和邏輯主語doll之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞形式作定語。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
假定你是李華，為培養高中生心懷感恩、勇于擔當的優秀品格，你校舉行了以“責任、感恩”為主題的成人禮活動(the coming-of-age ceremony)。請你為校廣播站寫一篇活動報道，內容包括：
1．活動的時間、地點；
2．活動的過程；
3．活動的意義。
精品課件·名師析題
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
參考范文：
The school playground witnessed the coming-of-age ceremony last Friday, whose aim is to cultivate high school students' attitudes of gratitude and courage to take responsibility.
At the beginning of the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech, highlighting the importance of embracing adulthood with responsibility and integrity.Then, it was followed by the symbolic act of receiving gifts from parents, which marked the transition into adulthood.To conclude the event, the school organized a heart-warming candle-lighting ceremony, symbolizing the students' bright future ahead.
The ceremony holds great significance as it serves as a reminder that we students should take responsibility and develop a strong sense of identity.Overall, it is a memorable and meaningful event for both students and parents, celebrating this significant milestone and encouraging personal growth.
課時作業(三)　讀后續寫講評訓練　
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
[1] Alice and her family went on a camping trip along the seaside.Upon arrival, Dad called for a meeting.He announced, “There are lots of jobs to be done.It's no fun on holiday if Mum and I do all the work, so I come up with this pocket money chart. In this way, everyone has to do something, and you must do your own jobs every day! If you do your jobs well, you get some extra pocket money！”
精品課件·名師析題
[2] Looking at the chart, which had their names on it next to a list of jobs, the kids frowned at the idea. Unwillingly, they began to do their jobs.Alice washed up the dishes.Mike, the youngest brother, dried the dishes.Jeff, Alice's twin brother, took their dog for a walk.
[3] The next day they went to the beach.After playing some time in the sea, they went to look for shells along the beach.Suddenly, Alice found a strange-looking rock.She picked it up and showed it to Dad.
“You've found a fossil (化石)! It was once a shellfish and has turned into a rock after millions of years！” Dad said happily. Greatly inspired, Alice continued her search, determined to find a better one, but she failed. Darkness fell, and Alice had to head back to the campsite with her family in disappointment.On the way back they stopped at a shop, where Alice spotted some amazing fossils！ But soon she found they were too expensive!
[4] Back at the camp, Alice was still thinking of the amazing fossils in the shop. Suddenly an idea occurred to her, “I'll do everyone's jobs and then I can get all the extra pocket money to buy a fossil！” The next morning, Alice offered to dry the dishes and walk the dog, which greatly pleased Mike and Jeff. But things didn't go as Alice planned.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2．請按如下格式作答。
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused. _________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy. _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[寫作構思指導]
一、讀文路徑(把握結構主旨)
二、思考路徑
1．理清故事雙線
2．關注伏筆照應
伏筆1(句①)：暗示Alice一家人都會完成自己的工作并度過一個愉快的假期。
伏筆2(句②)：暗示Alice最終會買到一塊美麗的化石。
伏筆3(句③)：暗示爸爸會反對Alice的做法。
3．構思續寫內容(運用“5所”構思)
第一段：
①How did Dad feel and do？(所感、所做——接續首句)
②What did Alice say？(所說——推進情節)
③How did Dad respond？(根據原文伏筆3提出問題：所說——推進情節)
④How did Alice feel？(所想——銜接下文)
第二段：
⑤What did Mike and Jeff give to Alice to please her？(所做——接續首句)
⑥How did Alice feel and what did she do (所感、所做——推進情節)
⑦What was there in the box and what did she do (所見、所做——推進情節)
⑧What lesson did Alice learn from this event？(所想——主旨升華)
[邏輯潤色成文]
一、寫好兩個關鍵語段
1．請設計爸爸在發現Alice做別人的工作時與Alice的對話。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.” “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly.
2．請設計Alice意外收到 Mike和Jeff贊助的零用錢時的所做與所想。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about！She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes.Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails.
二、銜接好，做到邏輯順暢成文
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused. ____________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
______
Obviously, he was not happy about this.When Alice came back, Dad asked why she was doing Jeff's job.Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.”(對話描寫) “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly. (對話描寫，對應伏筆3)Hearing what Dad said, Alice felt disappointed and sad. (心理描寫)She thought it was unfair that Dad didn't think highly of her hard work. (心理描寫)
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They presented a small box and urged her to open it. (動作描寫)Alice had no idea what was going on, but seeing her two brothers' eyes twinkling with eagerness, she opened it.The moment she saw what was inside, Alice jumped up with joy. (動作描寫)It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about! She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes. (動作描寫)Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails (心理描寫)．(本段對應伏筆1和2)選擇性必修4　UNIT 1課時作業(二)語言技能綜合訓練
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·河南周口四校聯考)Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary.There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.But these were no __1__ envelopes; each was packed with cash, __2__ to a total of between D|S45,000 and D|S50,000.Rhett, __3__ the moment, said, “We didn't know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This __4__ find quickly turned into a moral decision.
__5__ the life changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of __6__.Rhett humorously reflected on their __7__ process, saying, “The first reaction was like, well, let's get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its __8__.The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were __9__.Hearing the news, Rhett's mom definitely __10__ it!
The owner's reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude.He planned to meet the young men to thank them __11__ and offer a reward.The story of these three young men is a convincing __12__ of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions __13__ an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (誘惑), it's possible to choose the right course of action.Despite the countless ways it could have __14__ them, the young men's decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly __15__.
1．A.thick　　　　　 　　B．ordinary
C．valuable D．official
2．A.amounting B．referring
C．sticking D．contributing
3．A.recording B．blessing
C．recalling D．picking
4．A.unavoidable B．unconfirmed
C．uneventful D．unexpected
5．A.Instead of B．Owing to
C．In addition to D．In spite of
6．A.integrity B．patience
C．tolerance D．generosity
7．A.eye catching B．decision making
C．time saving D．mind blowing
8．A.survival B．progress
C．recovery D．application
9．A.imperfect B．immeasurable
C．impractical D．impure
10．A.warned B．doubted
C．applauded D．advocated
11．A.vividly B．frequently
C．casually D．personally
12．A.victory B．investment
C．response D．reminder
13．A.carry away B．consist of
C．serve as D．rely on
14．A.recognized B．benefited
C．honored D．alarmed
15．A.matter B．arise
C．disappear D．remain
Ⅱ.語法填空
(2025·臺州模擬)Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art — that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京絹人)．In 1997, she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent __1__ entire year making several figurines, only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost __2__ (basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques，” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products, but their price __3__ (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang __4__ they needed: finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold __5__ (adaptation) to the traditional figurines, like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the __6__ (origin) one.However, __7__ (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship, she preserved several hand made processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole hearted devotion __8__ the craft, Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little, dolls __9__ (call) yangwawa, meaning Western dolls，” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls __10__ (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people, figurines with a rich historical implication.”
Ⅲ.應用文寫作精品課件·名師析題
假定你是李華，為培養高中生心懷感恩、勇于擔當的優秀品格，你校舉行了以“責任、感恩”為主題的成人禮活動(the coming of age ceremony)。請你為校廣播站寫一篇活動報道，內容包括：
1．活動的時間、地點；
2．活動的過程；
3．活動的意義。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
　
　
課時作業(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個名叫瑞德的年輕人和他的朋友們撿到巨額現金并選擇歸還失主的故事，說明了什么是真正重要的價值觀。
1．選B　根據后文“each was packed with cash”可知，這不是普通的信封，每個里面都裝滿了現金。
2．選A　根據后文“to a total of between D|S45,000 and D|S50,000”可知，信封里錢的數量達到了4.5萬到5萬美元。
3．選C　根據后文語境可知，此處是他在回憶撿到信封的情景。
4．選D　根據上文語境可知，他們是意外發現這些信封的。
5．選D　此處表示盡管他們手上的這些錢足以改變他們的生活，但他們選擇了誠實。前后文語境為讓步轉折關系，表示“盡管”應用in spite of。
6．選A　根據后文語境可知，他們選擇上交信封，選擇誠實。
7．選B　根據后文語境可知，此處是在回顧他們做決定的過程。
8．選C　根據上文語境可知，此處表示丟失的錢被取回，意為“失而復得”，應用recovery。
9．選B　根據上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此處表示失主一定會感到無比的寬慰和感激，表示“不可估量的”用immeasurable。
10．選C　根據上文可知，瑞德選擇歸還這筆錢，因此瑞德的媽媽得知兒子做法后很欣慰，故此處表示高興得鼓掌。
11．選D　根據后文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算親自去見這些年輕人，向他們道謝，并給出獎賞。
12．選D　根據上文語境可知，此處表示，這個故事提醒我們正確的選擇帶來的影響。
13．選C　根據后文“an inspiration to others”可知，他們的行為激勵了其他人。
14．選B　結合上文可知，此處表示幾個年輕人撿到了一大筆錢，本來可以從中受益，但他們選擇了歸還失主。
15．選A　根據上文可知，這幾個年輕人決定歸還這筆錢，這是一個強有力的例子，證明了什么是真正重要的價值觀。
Ⅱ.語法填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章詳細講述了唐燕在拯救瀕臨失傳的“北京絹人”藝術的過程中遇到的挑戰與困難，以及她如何成功創建了自己的“唐娃娃”品牌。
1．an　考查冠詞。year是可數名詞，句中用的單數，空前應用不定冠詞修飾，表示“一”，且entire以元音音素開頭，故填an。
2．basically　考查副詞。空處修飾動詞，應用副詞形式，故填basically。
3．drove　考查動詞時態。本句是but連接的并列句，drive作后句的謂語，根據前文“were amazed”可知，應用一般過去時，故填drove。
4．what　考查賓語從句。空處引導賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，表示“……的事物”，故填what。
5．adaptations　考查名詞復數。空前是形容詞，所以空處應用名詞作賓語；根據前文的“many”可知，應用復數形式。
6．original　考查形容詞。空后是名詞，所以應用形容詞作定語，故填original。
7．to lend　考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞preserved，所以空處應用非謂語動詞形式；此處表示目的，應用不定式作目的狀語。
8．to　考查介詞。devotion to意為“對……的獻身”，為固定搭配。
9．were called　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。call作本句謂語，和主語dolls之間是被動關系，應用被動語態；根據前文的“was”可知，應用一般過去時；主語為復數，故填were called。
10．bearing　考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語動詞wanted，所以bear應用非謂語形式，且bear和邏輯主語doll之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞形式作定語。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作(參考范文)
The school playground witnessed the coming of age ceremony last Friday, whose aim is to cultivate high school students' attitudes of gratitude and courage to take responsibility.
At the beginning of the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech, highlighting the importance of embracing adulthood with responsibility and integrity.Then, it was followed by the symbolic act of receiving gifts from parents, which marked the transition into adulthood.To conclude the event, the school organized a heart warming candle lighting ceremony, symbolizing the students' bright future ahead.
The ceremony holds great significance as it serves as a reminder that we students should take responsibility and develop a strong sense of identity.Overall, it is a memorable and meaningful event for both students and parents, celebrating this significant milestone and encouraging personal growth.
3 / 3選擇性必修4　UNIT 1課時作業(三)讀后續寫講評訓練
精品課件·名師析題
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
[1] Alice and her family went on a camping trip along the seaside.Upon arrival, Dad called for a meeting.He announced, “There are lots of jobs to be done.It's no fun on holiday if Mum and I do all the work, so I come up with this pocket money chart. In this way, everyone has to do something, and you must do your own jobs every day! If you do your jobs well, you get some extra pocket money！”
[2] Looking at the chart, which had their names on it next to a list of jobs, the kids frowned at the idea. Unwillingly, they began to do their jobs.Alice washed up the dishes.Mike, the youngest brother, dried the dishes.Jeff, Alice's twin brother, took their dog for a walk.
[3] The next day they went to the beach.After playing some time in the sea, they went to look for shells along the beach.Suddenly, Alice found a strange looking rock.She picked it up and showed it to Dad. “You've found a fossil (化石)! It was once a shellfish and has turned into a rock after millions of years！” Dad said happily. Greatly inspired, Alice continued her search, determined to find a better one, but she failed. Darkness fell, and Alice had to head back to the campsite with her family in disappointment.On the way back they stopped at a shop, where Alice spotted some amazing fossils！ But soon she found they were too expensive!
[4] Back at the camp, Alice was still thinking of the amazing fossils in the shop. Suddenly an idea occurred to her, “I'll do everyone's jobs and then I can get all the extra pocket money to buy a fossil！” The next morning, Alice offered to dry the dishes and walk the dog, which greatly pleased Mike and Jeff.But things didn't go as Alice planned.
注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；
2．請按如下格式作答。
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused.　
　
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy.　
　
[寫作構思指導]
一、讀文路徑(把握結構主旨)
二、思考路徑
1．理清故事雙線
2．關注伏筆照應
伏筆1(句①)：暗示Alice一家人都會完成自己的工作并度過一個愉快的假期。
伏筆2(句②)：暗示Alice最終會買到一塊美麗的化石。
伏筆3(句③)：暗示爸爸會反對Alice的做法。
3．構思續寫內容(運用“5所”構思)
第一段：
①How did Dad feel and do？(所感、所做——接續首句)
②What did Alice say？(所說——推進情節)
③How did Dad respond？(根據原文伏筆3提出問題：所說——推進情節)
④How did Alice feel？(所想——銜接下文)
第二段：
⑤What did Mike and Jeff give to Alice to please her？(所做——接續首句)
⑥How did Alice feel and what did she do (所感、所做——推進情節)
⑦What was there in the box and what did she do (所見、所做——推進情節)
⑧What lesson did Alice learn from this event？(所想——主旨升華)
[邏輯潤色成文]
一、寫好兩個關鍵語段
1．請設計爸爸在發現Alice做別人的工作時與Alice的對話。
　
　
　
　
2．請設計Alice意外收到 Mike和Jeff贊助的零用錢時的所做與所想。
　
　
二、銜接好，做到邏輯順暢成文
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused.　
　
　
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy.　
　
　
課時作業(三)
一、1.Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.” “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly.
2．It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about！She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes.Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails.
二、　　When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused. Obviously, he was not happy about this.When Alice came back, Dad asked why she was doing Jeff's job.Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.”(對話描寫) “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly. (對話描寫，對應伏筆3)Hearing what Dad said, Alice felt disappointed and sad. (心理描寫)She thought it was unfair that Dad didn't think highly of her hard work. (心理描寫)
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy. They presented a small box and urged her to open it. (動作描寫)Alice had no idea what was going on, but seeing her two brothers' eyes twinkling with eagerness, she opened it.The moment she saw what was inside, Alice jumped up with joy. (動作描寫)It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about! She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes. (動作描寫)Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails (心理描寫)．(本段對應伏筆1和2)
3 / 3選擇性必修4　UNIT 1課時作業(一)主題閱讀集群訓練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2025·南通模擬)Working at a bank in New York City in the mid 2010s, Anna Sacks was not living the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and many new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥)，” she says. The Adamah program opened Sacks' eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”．
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff — like clothing, decorations, and food — all of which she documents on the social media.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste，” she says.
The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them. A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says. Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded. If they give away goods, they can claim only a small amount as a charitable reduction on their taxes.
Sacks' main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve，” she says.
1．Why did Anna Sacks leave New York
A．To learn how to grow food.
B．To pursue a more meaningful life.
C．To realize her dream as a volunteer.
D．To accept the invitation from a program.
2．What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program
A．The significance of trash walking.
B．The hard truth of consumer culture.
C．The sustainable food people produced.
D．The way people there dealt with the waste.
3．What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash
A．The tax refund.　 B．The tax reduction.
C．The overproduction. D．The poor quality of goods.
4．What can we learn from Anna Sacks' story
A．Consumer culture accounts for wasting.
B．Corporate trash outweighs residential trash.
C．Turning to farming leads to sustainable living.
D．Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy.
B
(2025·衡水中學模擬)There's a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect.That's where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society.Put simply, if you're doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn't), you're more likely to think plenty of other people do it too.What's more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏見) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors.Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting.More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷獵) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law.They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view.The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it.For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there's already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful.Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors.Encouragingly, stimulating people's natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go_green_to_be_seen”， or to publicly buy eco friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors.Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
5．Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A．A student spends long hours surfing the Internet.
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
6．How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A．It is unacceptable.　　B．It is widespread.
C．It is controversial. D．It is complex.
7．What does the underlined part “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Embrace green habits for better health.
B．Make green choices that others can perceive.
C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
8．What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems
A．Understate social norms.
B．Highlight personal responsibilities.
C．Publicize sustainable practices.
D．Encourage technological innovations.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 精品課件·名師析題
(2025·山東名校聯考)The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them.As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings.__9__
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination.You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn't know you possessed to overcome the challenges.__10__That self knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook.Priorities shift.__11__You have a deeper appreciation for life's simple moments and clarity about what matters.Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day.__12__The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures.Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.You can pursue new dreams or make a long wished for switch in your situation.The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives.You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens.Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties.__13__Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B．They're there if you are bent on searching for them.
C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D．Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.
E．What seemed important before now pales in comparison.
F．Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.
G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
課時作業(一)　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
[A]
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Anna Sacks參加了農業項目Adamah，學習可持續生活和種植可持續作物，這改變了她的生活目標和技能，希望引起人們對過度購買和過度浪費的關注，從而做出改變。
1．選B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“she wanted to do something that felt important”以及第二段前兩句可知，Anna Sacks離開紐約是因為她想過有意義的生活。
2．選D　細節理解題。根據第三段第一句可知，那里的人們處理廢棄物的方式給Anna Sacks留下了最深的印象。
3．選A　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段倒數第二句可知，退稅讓公司更愿意把商品當垃圾扔掉。
4．選A　推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段可知，Anna Sacks的故事告訴我們：消費文化導致了過度生產、過度消費和大量浪費。
[B]
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是“錯誤共識效應”，并說明可以通過這一效應背后的心理學原理來實施社會規范，從而鼓勵和推廣環境友好行為。
5．選D　推理判斷題。根據第一段及第二段第二句可知，錯誤共識效應表示我們高估自己的行為在社會上的可接受性和普遍性，即使自己知道這件事不應該做，D項“吸煙者認為人們普遍贊成吸煙”就是一個典型的例子。
6．選A　細節理解題。根據第三段前兩句可知，大多數澳大利亞漁民認為偷獵是不可接受的。
7．選B　詞義猜測題。根據畫線部分上下文語境可知，激發人們對于身份的自然渴望能吸引人們做出能讓別人感知到的綠色生活的選擇，故畫線部分表示“做出別人能感知到的綠色生活的選擇”。
8．選C　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段第一句及最后一段可知，通過社會規范公布其他人的思考和行為信息可以鼓勵和推廣環境友好行為，因此，宣傳可持續實踐是一個值得推薦的處理環境問題的方法。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了面對困難、應對挑戰時我們應該怎么做。
9．選B　上文提到，如果你睜開眼去看，就能發現生活中的風暴也會留下禮物。當天空變晴，你開始從失落中走出來，尋找一線希望。故B項“如果你執意要尋找，它們就在那里”承接上文，符合語境。選項中“them”指代上文的“the silver linings”。
10．選F　上文提到，你必須深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己擁有的力量來克服挑戰，F項“現在你知道你有戰勝風暴的內在力量”承接上文，符合語境。且后文中的“That self knowledge and confidence in your abilities”與選項中的“the inner power”呼應。
11．選E　上文提到走出困境后你看待事情的視角會發生轉變，關注的重點會有不同。E項“以前看來重要的東西，現在相比之下就相形見絀了”承接上文，解釋說明上文提到的“Priorities shift”，符合語境。
12．選A　下文解釋了改變的益處。故A項“劇烈的變化往往會導致轉變”銜接下文，符合語境。
13．選C　上文提到可以利用自己的經驗幫助周圍的人面對困難，C項“提供一個傾聽的耳朵并和他們分享你的故事”承接上文，提供了具體的方法。
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