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（4）Unit 7 Art——高一英語北師大版（2019）暑假作業
一、語法填空
1.The far side of the moon is of particular _____(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（環形山）, more so than the familiar near side.
2.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photo________(take).
3.Don't look down ________ women. They are ________ important as men for the development of society.
4.She made a request________ some water.
5.The old man manages to enrich his own cultural life, ________ (apply) himself to learning English.
6.You ________ (sit) at the computer for two hours. Have a rest please.
7.The book is very interesting; I want to read it a________(three) time.
8.It is impossible to imagine Tom ________(make) such a stupid mistake.
9.I am pleased with your work. This card is to show my ________ (appreciate) and respect.
10.The officer requested that the supplies of food and clothes ________ (send)to the flooded area.
二、閱讀理解
New research suggests links between ultra-processed (超加工) foods — such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store — and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel.
Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly when we eat them and have a strong effect on its reward system, which is involved in pleasure, motivation and learning.
Those effects are similar to ones when people use nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs, said Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan.
“People have a very strong desire for ultra-processed foods and eat them compulsively and find they can’t stop eating them,” she said.
The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs (碳水化合物) in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we are addicted to them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in sugar but you eat one and you’re good.
Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also had changes in how their brains learned.
In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (飽和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn’t have the performance changes.
11.What will probably happen if we eat too many ultra-processed foods
A. Our brains may be hit rapidly and we may get ill.
B. We can never quit ultra-processed foods once we are addicted to them.
C. We may find it difficult to keep English words and phrases in mind.
D. We may become addicted to nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drugs.
12.What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 mean
A. Strongly. B. Extremely. C. Equally. D. Uncontrollably.
13.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. Foods high in fat or carbs are really addictive.
B. The intake of ultra-processed foods has a negative effect on learning.
C. People who have a healthier breakfast can perform better in a memory test.
D. Drinking alcohol, though has a similar effect as eating chips, does less harm to our brains.
14.How does the writer develop the last paragraph
A. Giving examples. B. Listing figures.
C. Making comparisons. D. Explaining cause and effect.
三、七選五
Food waste is a major issue in agriculture and in homes. If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste. ① _________ It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests. Here are some tips for you.
When planning a food-producing garden, it’s very important to choose the right plants for the right places. Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions. ② _________ Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate. If you make the right plant choices, you are likely to get a good harvest.
Sometimes cooperation is key. People may often have more seeds (種子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time. ③ _________ And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other.
④ _________ You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants.
Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved. This can happen in a range of different ways. You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce. ⑤ _________
A. Communities can come together to harvest crops.
B. Many common weeds or flowers can be sources of food.
C. Preventing food waste in the garden is a long term process.
D. So think about how you can create good systems in your garden.
E. Sharing them between households can avoid wasting their potential.
F. Make sure you know how to do so properly when harvest time comes.
G. Scheduling different harvest periods for certain crops can help avoid waste.
答案以及解析
一、語法填空
1.答案：interest
解析：考查名詞。句意：科學家們尤其對月球的背面感興趣，因為有很多的環形山，比正面更多。短語(be)of interest相當于(be) interesting, of particular interest相當于particularly interesting,形容詞particular 應修飾名詞interest。故填 interest。
2.答案：taken
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：我需要一本新護照，所以我得照張相。此處為have+賓語+賓補結構，且photo與take構成被動關系，故用過去分詞作賓補。故填taken。
3.答案：on/upon；as
解析：考查介詞和固定搭配。句意：不要輕視女性。在社會發展中她們和男性一樣重要。根據句意可知，第一空處涉及短語look down on/upon sb.“輕視某人”；第二空處為同級比較as...as...“和……一樣……”。故填on/upon; as。
4.答案：for
解析：考查單詞填空.根據句意及句子結構,要填入for, make a request for請求，懇請。
5.答案：applying
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：這位老人努力學習英語，豐富了自己的文化生活。分析可知，空處應用非謂語動詞作狀語，邏輯主語the old man和apply之間為主動關系，應用現在分詞。故填applying。
6.答案：have been sitting
解析：考查現在完成進行時。句意：你已經在電腦前做了兩個小時了。請休息一下。分析句子可知，空處缺少句子的謂語結構，根據for two ours及sit可知，此處強調從過去到現在兩個小時一直坐在電腦前，用現在完成進行時，主語為you，第二人稱。故填have been sitting。
7.答案：third
解析：考查數詞。句意：這本書非常有趣；我想讀第三遍。此處為“不定冠詞a/ an+序數詞+名詞”強調在已知數量上再累加一個，表示“第三”應用序數詞third。故填third。
8.答案：making
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：很難想象湯姆會犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。分析可知，“imagine sb. doing sth”，固定短語，意為“想象某人做某事”，其中“Tom doing sth”為動名詞的復合結構。故填making。
9.答案：appreciation
解析：考查名詞。句意：我對你的工作感到滿意。這張卡片表達我的感激和敬意。分析句子可知，空處缺少show的賓語，要用appreciate的名詞形式appreciation。故填：appreciation。
10.答案：should be sent/be sent
解析：考查固定句型和被動語態，句意：這位官員要求把食物和衣服送到水災地區。分析句子結構，主句動詞requested后接that引導的賓語從句，根據所學知識，在表示建議、要求、命令等詞，即require、request、command、demand、suggest、advise等動詞后接賓語從句時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，即謂語用should+動詞原形的結構，should可省略。又由于本句中，從句主語the supplies of food and clothes與謂語動詞send（送）構成被動關系，故應使用此結構的被動語態，綜上，本題答案為（should) be sent。
二、閱讀理解
11.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段“New research suggests links between ultra-processed (超加工) foods — such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store — and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. (新的研究表明，超加工食品——如薯片、許多谷物和雜貨店里大多數包裝零食——與我們學習、記憶和感受方式的變化有關)”可知，超加工食品會影響我們的學習和記憶能力。由此可知，如果我們吃太多的超加工食品，我們可能會發現很難記住英語單詞和短語。故選C項。
12.答案：D
解析：詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞的上文“People have a very strong desire for ultra-processed foods (人們對超加工食品有著強烈的欲望)”和下文“find they can’t stop eating them (發現他們吃得停不下來)”可知，超加工食品很吸引人，人們應該是會不受控制地吃得停不下來，畫線詞意思與Uncontrollably“不受控制地”相近。故選D項。
13.答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中“In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (飽和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. (澳大利亞的研究人員在一項研究中發現，連續四天吃飽和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，會導致一些學習和記憶測試的成績下降)”可知，攝入超加工食品對學習有負面影響。故選B項。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段“In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated (飽和的) fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn’t have the performance changes. (澳大利亞的研究人員在一項研究中發現，連續四天吃飽和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，會導致一些學習和記憶測試的成績下降。吃健康早餐的人沒有表現上的變化)”可知，此處表明早餐時攝入超加工食品和健康飲食的兩組人群的測試表現不同，作者是通過做比較的方式來組織該段的。故選C項。
三、七選五
答案：①-⑤CDEGF
解析：①語境銜接題。根據上文If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste.(如果你自己種食物，你最不想要的就是讓你的辛勤勞動付諸東流)可知，自己種植食物時不想要食物浪費，結合下文It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through top reservation(保存)of your harvests.(它從你選擇的植物開始，一直到保存你的收成)可知，防止食物浪費是一個長期的過程，C. Preventing food waste in the garden is a long term process."防止菜園里的食物浪費是一個長期的過程"符合語境，故選C。
②語境銜接題。上文Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions.(如果你種植的植物不適合當地的氣候、土壤和生長條件，那么浪費就更有可能發生)提到容易發生食物浪費的情況，結合下文Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate.(確保它們不僅能提供食物，還能適應不斷變化的氣候)可知，空處以及下文應是關于防止發生食物浪費的情況，D. So think about how you can create good systems in your garden."所以想想如何在你的花園中創建好的系統"符合語境，下文they指代選項中的systems。故選D。
③語境銜接題。上文People may often have more seeds(種子)than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable(能存活的)for a certain length of time.(人們可能經常擁有比他們真正需要的更多的種子，特別是在小花園里。然而，種子通常只能存活一段時間)提到，種子數量多且存活時間短的問題，結合下文And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other.(你們也可以互相分享技能和知識)中的關鍵提示"also share"可知，空處是關于分享多出的種子，E. Sharing them between households can avoid wasting their potential."在家庭之間共享它們可以避免浪費它們的潛力"符合語境，故選E。
④段落大意題。根據本段內容You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants.(例如，你可以在溫室里種一些草莓，在室外種一些。那些在掩蔽下生長的植物通常會提前一點準備好收獲。或者你可以種植不同種類的植物)可知，本段主要講想辦法讓植物的收獲時間不一樣，通過這樣的方式來避免浪費，G. Scheduling different harvest periods for certain crops can help avoid waste."為某些作物安排不同的收獲期可以幫助避免浪費"符合語境，故選G。
⑤聯系上文題。根據本段首句Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved.(一旦你種植了作物，重要的是要準備好保存需要保存的東西)以及空前You can freeze, pickle(腌制),or can a wide range of garden produce.(你可以冷凍，腌制，或者可以制作各種各樣的菜園產品)可知，本段是說收獲后要好好保存，空前提到了一些保存的方法，F. Make sure you know how to do so properly when harvest time comes."當收獲季節到來的時候，確保你知道如何正確地這樣做"符合語境，故選F。

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