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（11）Unit 9 Learning——高一英語北師大版（2019）暑假作業
一、語法填空
1.We are in______ (compete) with four other companies for the project.
2.This kind of visual impact has a great effect on those who______ (be) engaged in design.
3.If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll probably find a solution that _______ (suit) everyone.
4.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ (remain) around this level ever since.
5.The church, which was completed only two months ago, was burnt to________ ground last night.
6.When________ (take) according to the instructions, the drug has the least side effects.
7.She could see herself ________(reflect) in his eyes.
8.I really envy people with _______(amaze) memories.
9.Though it rained cats and dogs, we still made________ way to the village in the mountain.
10.One day, Mary was________ on the meaning of a science essay by the lake when she suddenly saw herself________ in the water. She was scared at her________. (reflect)
二、閱讀理解
The Australian sand octopus (章魚) was discovered in 1990 and is the only octopus species known to bury itself deep in the sand to hide from enemies. A team of researchers are studying the venom (毒液) of this kind of octopus. They have discovered that the venom may greatly slow cancer growth. And it can also help fight drug resistance in patients with a BRAF-changed skin cancer. BRAF is involved in managing cell growth. A change in it results in abnormal cell growth. These BRAF changes are seen in half of all cases of skin cancers.
“We and other groups have previously discovered that other animals-snakes, spiders, bees-have anticancer properties,” said Dr. Maria, the study’s lead author. “However, to my current knowledge, the anticancer properties of an octopus species have never been studied or confirmed before.”
Current treatments face a few challenges including low response rates, poisoning and side effects, as well as drug resistance. The octopus venom slows the growth of BRAF-changed skin cancer. More importantly, it is safe to be used in large quantities — it is not poisonous. Therefore, in combination with other drugs, the treatments could potentially achieve better and safer patient outcomes.
It is very unlikely that the octopus has specifically developed its venom to contain an anticancer substance. According to the research team, the octopus venom contains over 1,000 unique substances with several functions such as reducing pain and anticancer.
“In this study, we have shown that the octopus venom specifically targets BRAF-changed skin cancer. The next step is to examine whether similar promising results are applicable for other BRAF-changed cancers.” said Dr. Maria. “Before it can be used on patients, the team will need to perform several rounds of lab testing and clinical trials to understand how it works and its full potential as a drug against skin cancer.”
11.What can we know about BRAF
A. It is a change in cells. B. It controls cell growth.
C. It can cause a deadly illness. D. It helps to cure a skin cancer.
12.What discovery did the team make
A. A medicine to cure cancers. B. A substance contained in animals.
C. The medical value of octopus species. D. The anticancer effect of an octopus venom.
13.What is an advantage of the octopus venom to treat the skin cancer
A. It is of large quantity. B. It has no side effects.
C. It is less expensive. D. It has lower risks.
14.What can we infer from the last paragraph concerning the octopus venom
A. Its application requires further work.
B. It helps treat BRAF-changed cancers.
C. Its safety needs more clinical testing.
D. It has already been put into wide use.
三、七選五
What to Do If Your Personal Data Has Been Exposed
As more of our lives move online, the risk of our personal data being stolen or misused is increasing. Online criminals can use stolen data to target people with leading messages to get important information. ① _________ . Here are some ways to protect yourself.
Change your password
When your info shows up in a breach (泄露), it doesn’t mean someone’s stolen your identity or money. ② _________ . If your data has been breached, the first thing you should do is change your password. Use a strong, long password including letters, numbers and symbols. And if you have been using the same password for different accounts, make changes to it for each site.
③ _________
It can be hard to follow all the different data breaches. When public data breaches occur, cyber criminals gather as much data as possible so they can sell it on the dark web. Luckily, there are online services that you can look at to see if your account has been involved in a data breach. For example, a tool called Breach Watch is offered online to keep watch on the dark web to see if your personal information shows up there.
Tell your bank and credit agencies
If your credit card payment numbers are stolen, inform your bank or credit card company. Ask them to warn you of any suspicious activity. Some banks and credit cards can lock your account online. You can also inform credit agencies. ④ _________ . That makes it hard to see your credit report and open a new account. Or they will ask lenders to contact you before lending money.
Take extra care
Breaches involving a telephone company leave buyers at risk of having their phone numbers stolen. Thieves can use a stolen number to enter accounts that use the phone number as a security. To reduce that risk, it is advisable to create a password that is needed to make large account changes. ⑤ _________ . That will help block possible damage by someone who gains entry to your email account.
A. Keep monitoring
B. They can freeze your credit
C. But it does mean you’re at risk
D. Follow all the possible data breaches
E. Also, delete emails containing personal information
F. Or they can take out loans and credit cards in their name
G. If you find it hard to memorize all your passwords, consider a password manager
答案以及解析
一、語法填空
1.答案：competition
解析：考查名詞。句意:我們在與其他四家公司競爭這項工程。in competition with...表示“與……競爭”。
2.答案：are
解析：考查時態和主謂一致。句意:這種視覺沖擊對那些從事設計的人有很大的影響。根據語境可知,此處表示一般情況,應用一般現在時;who指代 those作從句的主語,謂語動詞應用復數,故填 are。
3.答案：suits
解析：句子描述的客觀事實,應使用一般現在時;此處是定語從句謂語動詞,先行詞是a solution,從句謂語動詞應使用第三人稱單數形式。故填: suits。
4.答案：has remained
解析：句意為: 20世紀90年代初, 醫學院的數量達到了18所, 此后一直保持在這個水平左右。ever since(從那以后)作時間狀語時, 句子應用現在完成時。remain意為"繼續, 依然"時, 為連系動詞, 表示狀態。
5.答案：the
解析：考查冠詞。句意：這座兩個月前才完工的教堂昨晚被燒成了灰燼。分析句子可知，burn to the ground是固定搭配意為“燒成灰燼、燒得一點不剩”，符合本句語境。故填the。
6.答案：taken
解析：考查省略句。句意：如果按說明服用，這種藥的副作用最小。在when引導的時間狀語從句中，當從句主語和主句主語一致且從句含有be的某種形式時，可省略從句的主語和be,從句完整形式為"When the drug is taken according to the instructions"，相當于省略了the drug is。故填taken.
7.答案：reflected
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：她在他的眼中看到了自己的樣子。分析句子可知，reflect作賓語補足語，reflect與邏輯主語herself是被動關系，故用過去分詞，表示被動。故填reflected.
8.答案：amazing
解析：考查形容詞。句意：我真的很羨慕那些記憶力驚人的人。分析句子可知，設空處應填形容詞修飾memories作定語，根據所給詞amaze再結合句意“驚人的”，因此填入amazing。故填amazing。
9.答案：our
解析：考查代詞。句意：盡管下著傾盆大雨，我們還是繼續向山上的村莊走去。結合句意表示“前進”可知短語為make one's way,主語為we，應用our。故填our。
10.答案：reflecting reflected reflection
解析：考查現在分詞、過去分詞和名詞。句意：有一天，瑪麗在湖邊思考一篇科學論文的意義時，突然看到自己倒映在水中。她對自己的倒影感到很害怕。分析句子可知，1句中存在時間狀語從句引導詞when，這里使用be doing sth...when...句式意為“正要做某事，恰好……”，reflect on是固定搭配意為“思考”，符合語境，1空用現在分詞表正在進行。2這里使用非謂語動詞作saw的賓語補足語，且邏輯主語herself與reflect之間為被動關系，因此使用過去分詞作賓語補足語，reflect是動詞意為“倒映”，符合本句語境。3形容詞性物主代詞her后接名詞性成分作賓語，reflection是名詞意為“倒影”。故填reflecting；reflected；reflection。
二、閱讀理解
11.答案：B
解析：細節理解題。根據文章第一段“And it can also help fight drug resistance in patients with a BRAF-changed skin cancer. BRAF is involved in managing cell growth. A change in it results in abnormal cell growth. These BRAF changes are seen in half of all cases of skin cancers.(它還可以幫助對抗BRAF改變的皮膚癌患者的耐藥性。BRAF參與控制細胞生長。它的變化會導致細胞的異常生長。這些BRAF變化在一半的皮膚癌病例中可見)”可知，BRAF控制細胞生長。故選B項。
12.答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據文章第一段“They have discovered that the venom may greatly slow cancer growth. And it can also help fight drug resistance in patients with a BRAF-changed skin cancer.(他們發現這種毒液可以大大減緩癌癥的生長。它還可以幫助對抗BRAF改變的皮膚癌患者的耐藥性)”及第二段“We and other groups have previously discovered that other animals-snakes, spiders, bees-have anticancer properties,” said Dr. Maria, the study’s lead author. “However, to my current knowledge, the anticancer properties of an octopus species have never been studied or confirmed before.”(該研究的主要作者瑪麗亞博士說：“我們和其他研究小組此前已經發現，蛇、蜘蛛、蜜蜂等其他動物也具有抗癌特性。然而，據我目前所知，章魚的抗癌特性以前從未被研究或證實過)” ”可知，團隊發現了章魚毒液的抗癌作用。故選D項。
13.答案：D
解析：細節理解題。根據文章第三段“More importantly, it is safe to be used in large quantities — it is not poisonous. Therefore, in combination with other drugs, the treatments could potentially achieve better and safer patient outcomes.(更重要的是，大量使用是安全的——它是無毒的。因此，與其他藥物聯合使用，這些治療方法可能會獲得更好、更安全的患者結果)”可知，章魚毒液治療皮膚癌的優勢在于它具有較低的風險。故選D項。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Before it can be used on patients, the team will need to perform several rounds of lab testing and clinical trials to understand how it works and its full potential as a drug against skin cancer.(在將其用于患者之前，該團隊將需要進行幾輪實驗室測試和臨床試驗，以了解其工作原理及其作為治療皮膚癌藥物的全部潛力)”可知，章魚毒液的應用需要進一步的工作。故選A項。
三、七選五
答案：①-⑤FCABE
解析：①聯系上文題。根據上文Online criminals can use stolen data to target people with leading messages to get important information.(網絡犯罪分子可以利用竊取的數據，向人們發送誘導性信息，以獲取重要信息。)可知，空格處進一步說明網絡犯罪分子利用竊取的信息所做的事情。選項F(或者他們可以以自己的名義申請貸款和信用卡),符合語境，選項中they指的是Online criminals。故選F。
②語境銜接題。根據上文When your info shows up in a breach (泄露), it doesn’t mean someone’s stolen your identity or money.(當你的信息被泄露時，并不意味著有人盜用了你的身份或金錢。)以及下文If your data has been breached, the first thing you should do is change your password.(如果你的數據被泄露了，你應該做的第一件事就是更改密碼。)可知，空格處進一步說明的是信息泄露存在著風險。選項C(但這確實意味著你有風險),與上文形成轉折關系，引出下文信息泄露時需要做什么;能夠承上啟下。故選C。
③段落標題題。根據下文Luckily, there are online services that you can look at to see if your account has been involved in a data breach. For example, a tool called Breach Watch is offered online to keep watch on the dark web to see if your personal information shows up there.(幸運的是，你可以通過在線服務查看你的賬戶是否涉及數據泄露。例如，一種名為Breach Watch的在線工具可以監視暗網，看看你的個人信息是否出現在那里。)可知，本段主要講述的是對數據的監管。選項A(持續監控),能夠作為本段的主題句。故選A。
④語境銜接題。根據上文Some banks and credit cards can lock your account online. You can also inform credit agencies.(一些銀行和信用卡可以在線鎖定你的賬戶。你也可以通知信用機構。)以及下文That makes it hard to see your credit report and open a new account.(這使得很難看到你的信用報告和開一個新賬戶。)可知，空格處說明的是鎖定賬戶或者信用機構可知做的個人信息，能夠使得不能開一個新的賬戶。選項B(他們可以凍結你的信用)中的They指的是"Some banks and credit cards以及agencies"呼應上文，引出下文"很難看到你的信用報告和開一個新賬戶";選項B能夠承上啟下。故選B。
⑤語境銜接題。根據上文To reduce that risk, it is advisable to create a password that is needed to make large account changes. (為了降低這種風險，建議創建一個密碼，用于對賬戶進行大量更改。)以及下文That will help block possible damage by someone who gains entry to your email account. (這將有助于阻止那些進入你的電子郵件賬戶的人可能造成的損害。)可知，空格處說明的是阻止進入電子郵件的方式。選項E(同時，刪除包含個人信息的郵件)中的emails呼應下文的email account,選項E能夠承上啟下。故選E。

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