資源簡介

Unit 5 Learning from nature——高二英語外研版（2019）暑假作業
一、語法填空
1.The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
2.In many cases, scientists take inspiration ______ nature to make a breakthrough.
3.I'll never understand how it came _____ that you were an hour late for such a short journey.
4.Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal _____ (employ) of English.
5.Marco Polo, _____ family had long been travelers on the Silk Road, spent over 20 years exploring Asia.
二、翻譯題
6.我是在讀到他寫的詩時開始欣賞這些建筑的美的。(強調句型)
__________________________ I began to appreciate these buildings' beauty.
7.這些運動是為了強健肌肉而設計的。(design)
These exercises __________________________ muscles.
8.我有28本書，其中一半是由著名作家冰心寫的。(介詞+關系代詞)
I have 28 books, __________________________ the famous writer Bing Xin.
9.她想不出兒童節該送孩子們什么禮物，這使她很焦慮。(連接代詞/副詞+不定式)
She couldn't think of __________________________ for Children's Day, which made her anxious.
10.這個包裹里有很多東西，包括一本二手詞典。
①The parcel contained a lot of things, _______ a second-hand dictionary.(介詞)
②The parcel contained a lot of things, a second-hand dictionary _______ . (include)
三、閱讀理解
By trying to tickle (呵癢) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.
It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickling their backs. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it caused an individual being tickled to lose control.
To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated (刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.
"It's truly ground-breaking," said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a professor at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper. "It takes the study of emotion to a new level."
Burgdorf has played an important role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of the team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they made similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, "Let's go and tickle some rats." They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.
"The authors have been very adventurous," said Daniel O'Connor, a professor at Johns Hopkins University who studies touch. To him, that finding was very surprising.
"Why does the world truly feel different when you are stressed out " he said. "This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor (嚴謹)."
11.Which of the following contributed to humans' being ticklish according to Aristotle
A.Our special skin. B.Our social pleasure.
C.Our nervous system. D.Our willingness to touch.
12.The underlined word "squeaked" in Paragraph 2 may be explained by _________.
A.giving a smile B.making a noise
C.bursting into tears D.watching with staring eyes
13.Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with
A.The research process is full of risks.
B.The finding of the study is unbelievable.
C.The new discovery is beneficial to the study of emotion.
D.The finding of the study actually contradicts modem science.
14.What is the best title for the text
A.The Life of Rats B.How Rats Laugh
C.A Wonderful Scientist D.A New Discovery about Tickling
四、七選五
Four habits of happy people
While the recent research has shown that about 60 percent of our baseline (基礎) level of happiness is probably genetically determined, it means 40 percent is under our control. You can't go back and get new genes. ①_____. Here are the good habits of happy people.
Spend time outside. If you can clock 20minutes a day outside, studies show not only will you maintain a better mood, but your mind will be more open and you'll improve your working memory. ②_____.
Exercise regularly. All exercise helps release endorphins (內啡肽) in your brain, and if you work out regularly, this mood boost even carries over to non-workout days, ③_____. The mood stays about the same on days they don't.
④_____. A study has confirmed that when people actively try to be happy, they raise their baseline moods, making them feel happier than those who do not try. In the study, two sets of participants listened to "happy" music. Those who actively tried to feel happier reported the highest levels of positive moods afterwards.
Care for others. ⑤_____. Voluntary work is good for both mental and physical health. People of all ages who volunteer are happier and experience better physical health and less depression.
A.Exercise is easy to do.
B.Put effort into being happy.
C.People around you impact your mood.
D.Sunshine and fresh air make you feel good too.
E.But you can start a good morning with a new attitude.
F.People who spend time every month helping others are happier.
G.On exercise days, people's mood is significantly improved after exercising.
答案以及解析
一、語法填空
1.答案：it
解析：考查代詞。句意：這兩個女孩長得如此相像，以至于陌生人覺得很難把她們區分開。本句中設空處用在find后作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式短語to tell one from the other，故填it。
2.答案：from
解析：考查固定短語。句意：在很多種情況下，科學家從大自然中獲得靈感以取得突破。take inspiration from... "從……中獲取靈感"，故填from。
3.答案：about
解析：考查固定短語。句意：我永遠無法理解這么短的行程你晚了一個小時是怎么回事。come about 發生。
4.答案：employment
解析：考查名詞。句意：我們大多數人在平常應用英語時大約使用5,000個單詞。根據空前的形容詞性物主代詞 our和形容詞normal 可知設空處用名詞。由語境可知此處指的是使用英語，設空處表示"使用，運用"，故填employment。
5.答案：whose
解析：考查定語從句。句意：馬可·波羅一家長期在絲綢之路上旅行，他花了20多年時間探索亞洲。分析句子結構可知，"_____ family had long been travelers on the Silk Road"為定語從句，修飾先行詞Marco Polo，定語從句中關系詞作定語修飾 family，故填whose。
二、翻譯題
6.答案：It was when I read his poem that
解析：強調句型的基本結構是"It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子的其他成分"。本句強調的是時間狀語。
7.答案：are designed to strengthen
解析：be designed to do sth."為做某事而設計"，為固定用法。
8.答案：half of which are written by
解析：當關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，我們通常用"介詞+關系代詞"引導定語從句。此處關系代詞指"物"，故用"介詞+which"引導定語從句。
9.答案：what to give children as presents
解析：分析句子結構并根據提示可知，這里用"連接代詞/副詞+不定式"結構在句中作賓語，且根據句意可知，要用連接代詞what，故填what to give children as presents。
10.答案：① including ② included
解析：② including用于列舉的事物之前， included用于列舉的事物之后。
三、閱讀理解
答案：ABCD
解析：11.考查細節理解。 由第一段中的"since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals"可知，答案為 A。
12.考查詞義猜測。由第五段中的"that rats made special noises when they... They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled"可知，老鼠在開心的時候會發出特殊的聲音，當給老鼠撓癢癢的時候這些愉悅的叫聲翻了一倍。故可推知，此處是說他們發現撓老鼠的背時，老鼠會吱吱叫，發出聲音，愉快地跳起來。故選B。
13.考查細節理解。由第四段中的"It takes the study of emotion to a new level"可知，C選項與 Jeffrey Burgdorf 的觀點一致。
14.考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一個關于呵癢的發現，故D項符合題意。
四、七選五
答案： EDGBF
解析：①設空處在段中，起著承前啟后的作用。前文內容為You can't go back and get new genes.(你不能回到過去獲取新的基因)，而后文內容Here are the good habits of happy people。提及了快樂的人的好習慣，可推知所填空應是對前文的轉折，且呼應后文幸福可以由自身習慣決定。選項E：But you can start a good morning with a new attitude.(但是你可以用新的態度來開始一個美好的早晨)符合語境。故選E。
②設空處在段末，呼應主旨句。根據本段主題句：Spend time outside?？芍?，本段主要講述了在戶外對于好情緒的作用。選項D：Sunshine and fresh air make you feel good too.提及了陽光和新鮮空氣對于好心情的幫助，符合本段主旨。故選D。
③設空處在段中，起著承前啟后的作用。根據前文內容：All exercise helps release endorphins(內啡肽)in your brain, and if you work out regularly, this mood boost even carries over to non-workout days。可知，本段主要講述做運動帶來的心情方面的有利之處在運動當日和非運動日都存在，且后文已經提及非運動日，因此可推知，所填空為運動當日的"好心情"，選項G：On exercise days, people's mood is significantly improved after exercising。符合語境。故選G。
④設空處為本段小標題，應是主旨句。根據后文內容：A study has confirmed that when people actively try to be happy, they raise their baseline moods, making them feel happier than those who do not try.可知，本段主要講述了"努力使自己快樂"的積極作用。選項B：Put effort into being happy。符合本段主旨。故選B。
⑤設空處在段中，緊跟主旨句，應該是對主旨句的支持解釋。根據"Care for others"可知，所填句子應解釋關愛他人對情緒帶來的好處。選項F：People who spend time every month helping others are happier。符合語境。故選F。Unit 6 Nature in the words——高二英語外研版（2019）暑假作業
一、語法填空
1.No matter what you say, I will stand _____ the decision I have made before.
2.I reached the airport early only ____ (tell) that the flight had been delayed.
3._____ (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well.
4.When I entered the room, I saw him _____ (seat) at the back of the room.
5.The stadium _____ (build) at present in our city is intended for the coming sports meeting.
二、翻譯題
6.雖然這次考試成績并沒有你預期的那樣好，但是你不能對自己失去信心。(as... as...)
Although the result of this exam is _______________________________, you can't lose faith in yourself.
7.我們聽到了人們共同伸出援手幫助他人暖心的故事。
①We have heard heart-warming stories of people ________ together to help others.(現在分詞作后置定語)
②We have heard heart-warming stories of people ________ ________ together to help others.(定語從句)
8.我希望在未來的歲月里，每個人都能夠為自己應對這一挑戰的方式感到自豪。
① With the years _________ ________, I hope everyone will be able to take pride in how they responded to this challenge. (with 復合結構)
② I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in ________ ________ ________ they responded to this challenge.(定語從句)
③I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in ________ they responded to this challenge.(賓語從句)
9.李博士看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好，他很高興。
① Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _________ good care of at home.(過去分詞作賓補)
② Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _________ _________ _________ _________ good care of at home. (定語從句)
10.他的智慧和勤奮使他成功了。
① His wisdom and diligence made _________ _________.(make+賓語+形容詞)
② His wisdom and diligence made _________ _________ _________ . (make+賓語+名詞)
③ _________ was his wisdom and diligence _________ made him a success.(強調句)
三、閱讀理解
Our environment is so saturated (滲透的) now with plastic that it's seems almost certain that we were going to absorb it somehow. Even our own bodies now contain plastic waste.
We are what we eat, and what we eat reveals something about what we are in return. So it shouldn't be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic. We are thoughtless enough to have littered the planet with the stuff.
A small trial at the Medical University of Vienna found tiny shreds (碎片) of it in the digestive systems of people from eight different countries including the UK. And while that's only a very uncertain opening to the conversation—the study involved just eight people and doesn't tell us what if any effect eating plastic was having on their bodies, which means an awful lot more research is needed before we know what any of this really means.
We already knew fish were ingesting plastic. Did we really think it wouldn't reach back up to the top of the food chain, and that the consequences of our own actions couldn't return to trouble us
With apologies to Blue Planet, however, this goes beyond cleaning up the oceans. Six of the eight subjects of the study ate sea fish, but not all of them did. Other possible theories involve drinking out of plastic bottles, eating food that's been wrapped in plastic, or tiny plastic particles floating in the air which then land on our food. But our environment is so saturated now with plastic that it seems almost inevitable (不可避免的) that we were going to absorb it somehow.
Solving plastic pollution is nowhere near as simple as some activists make it sound. But just because it's difficult, doesn't mean we shrug our shoulders and do nothing, and perhaps this is the wake-up call some needed.
11.Which of the following best explains "reveals" underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Covers. B.Changes. C.Affects. D.Shows.
12.How can we find out the real effect of eating plastic on humans
A.Studying further. B.Testing more people.
C.Waiting for a longer time. D.Realizing the danger of plastic.
13.Where did the eight persons get the plastic in their bodies
A.Sea fish. B.Plastic bottles.
C.Food wrapped in plastic. D.Plastic pollution everywhere.
14.What did the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A.Call on to reduce the use of plastic. B.Give a warning of plastic pollution.
C.Point out measures to stop plastic harm. D.Blame people's ignoring plastic pollution.
四、七選五
The best time to try to fight global warming is now! Any action that reduces water and energy consumption and the build-up of harmful gases in our atmosphere helps to minimize the effects of global warming. Simple ideas that you can easily put into practice are as follows.
①_____ Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water. At home, simple actions like making sure you turn off the tap while brushing your teeth will make a difference to both the environment and your water bill!
Turn off devices (設備) that are not in use. ②_____ Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on. Not only is this bad for the devices themselves, but also you end up wasting energy needlessly. Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all. ③_____ Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.
Walk or cycle as much as possible. Not only are these great ways to get some exercise, but they are the least-polluting means of transport. For short distances, walking and cycling should really be your first choices. Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available. ④_____
Use public transport or carpool. If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. ⑤_____ You could also carpool. These are designed to save you money and fill up cars that would normally be driven empty on the roads.
A.Treat water as something precious.
B.Learn something about water waste.
C.Electronic devices are around the house these days.
D.That means you don't even have to own one to get around.
E.There are many devices that are good for the environment.
F.You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.
G.Taking the bus or subway is better than getting in your car and driving.
答案以及解析
一、語法填空
1.答案：by
解析：考查介詞。句意：不管你說什么，我都堅持我以前做的決定。stand by堅持(原有的決定、承諾或聲明)。
2.答案：to be told
解析：考查動詞不定式作結果狀語。句意：我早早到達機場，卻被告知航班延誤了。根據空前的only可知此處應用動詞不定式作結果狀語，表示出乎意料的結果。I與tell之間為被動關系，因此用動詞不定式的被動語態。
3.答案：Having lived
解析：考查現在分詞的完成式作原因狀語。句意：在北京住了多年，我幾乎對每一個地方都很熟悉。句中已有謂語動詞know，因此設空處應用非謂語動詞。I與live之間為主動關系，且live表示的動作發生在know之前，因此用現在分詞的完成式。
4.答案：seated
解析：考查過去分詞作賓語補足語。句意：當我走進房間時，我看見他坐在房間的后面。主句已有謂語動詞saw，因此填空處應用非謂語動詞形式。seat為及物動詞，him與seat之間為被動關系，因此用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
5.答案：being built
解析：考查現在分詞的被動式作定語。句意：我們市目前在建的體育場是為即將到來的運動會準備的。分析句子結構可知，句中已有謂語is intended，因此設空處用非謂語動詞。The stadium與build之間為被動關系，根據時間狀語at present可知應填being built。
二、翻譯題
6.答案：not as good as you expected
解析：根據句意和提示可知，此處應用"as + adj.+ as..."結構表示"像……一樣……"，其否定形式是在第一個as前加not。
7.答案：① coming ② who came
解析：① coming together to help others為現在分詞作后置定語，修飾people, people與come之間是主動關系。
② who came together to help others為定語從句，修飾先行詞people。
8.答案：① to come
② the way that
③ how
解析：① with the years to come意為"未來的歲月"。 with+賓語(名詞或代詞)+to do，表示賓補的動作還未發生。
② 當先行詞是the way, the time, the period等時，常用that引導定語從句。
③ how引導賓語從句作take pride in的賓語。
9.答案：① taken ② who/that had been taken
解析：① taken 此處是"see+賓語+賓語補足語"結構， his mother與take good care of之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作賓補。
② 先行詞是his mother, his mother與take good care of之間是被動關系，且在時間上是"過去的過去"，故用過去完成時的被動語態。
10.答案：① him successful
② him a success
③ It, that
解析：① "make+賓語+形容詞"表示"使某人/某事(變得)……"。
② make后的賓語補足語還可由名詞充當。
③ 強調句型的結構為： It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他部分。
三、閱讀理解
答案：DADB
解析：11.詞義猜測題。根據后面的"So it shouldn't be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic."可知，我們吃什么就成為什么，我們吃什么顯示我們得到的結果是什么。此處reveal的意思是"顯示"，與show是同義詞。
12.細節理解題。根據第三段的最后一句"... the study ... doesn't tell us what if any effect eating plastic was having on their bodies, which means an awful lot more research is needed before we know what any of this really means."可知，要找出食用塑料對人類的真正影響還需要做大量的研究。
13.推理判斷題。根據第五段的內容可知，八個人當中六個吃海魚，還有兩個不吃海魚。那么他們體內的塑料是由別的途徑來的，如喝水的塑料瓶或塑料包裝的食物或落上塑，料微粒的食物。也就是說，無處不在的塑料污染導致這八個人體內有塑料。
14.細節理解題。根據最后一段的and perhaps this is the wake-up call some needed可知，但僅僅因為它很難，并不意味著我們聳聳肩什么也不做，也許這是一些人需要的警鐘。也就是說，作者想警示人們這種塑料污染。
四、七選五
答案：ACFDG
解析：①根據下文Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water.(盡管一些地區有降雨，其他地區卻缺水)可知本段主要講了水資源的珍貴，A項Treat water as something precious.(視水為珍貴的東西)符合語境故選A。
②根據上文提示Turn off devices(設備)that are not in use.(關掉不用的設備)和下文提示Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on.(因此，你很容易養成讓一些東西開著的習慣)可知設空處應起到承上啟下的作用，C項Electronic devices are around the house these days.(現在家里到處都是電子設備)切題。故選C。
③根據上文提示Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all.(在智能手機和電腦出現之前，有完全不消耗能量的游戲)和下文提示Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming.(當然，在不加劇全球變暖的情況下，你們會玩得很開心)可知設空處是關于從前的游戲的，F項You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys.(你可以努力找到大量的傳統游戲和玩具的想法)切題。故選F。
④根據上文提示Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available.(現在，有很多共享單車可使用)可知，D項That means you don't even have to own one to get around.(那意味著你甚至不必擁有一輛自行車來出行)承接上文，故選D。
⑤根據土文提示If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest.(如果你需要長途旅行，公共交通是最環保的)可知G項Taking the bus or subway is better than getting in your car and driving.(坐公共汽車或乘地鐵比開車更好)切題。故選G。Unit 6 Space and beyond——高二英語外研版（2019）暑假作業
一、語法填空
1.It'll take me some time to accustom myself _____ the changes.
2.Through the smoke, the rescuers could hear people _____ (scream)for help.
3.No one _____ be more warm-hearted; he has a heart of gold.
4.Domestic oil _____ (ship) to foreign countries on a regular basis since several years ago.
5.Don't bother _____ (fetch) me the book and I can manage it myself.
二、翻譯題
6.如果多給我們一些時間，我們本來可以做得更好。(might have done)
___________________________________________________________________________
7.這條法規已經通過差不多200年了。(since)
___________________________________________________________________________
8.不管他多忙，他總是樂意幫助別人。(no matter)
___________________________________________________________________________
9.毫無疑問我們必須對空氣污染問題有足夠的重視。(doubt)
___________________________________________________________________________
10.這一數字只是我們做的粗略估計。(little more than)
___________________________________________________________________________
三、閱讀理解
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It's depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution. "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager.
"There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal ' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product."
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
11.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A.They are hard to get rid of. B.They lead to air pollution.
C.They appear in different forms. D.They damage the instruments.
12.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students' communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
13.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A.Check their product. B.Guide project designs.
C.Adjust work schedules. D.Grade their homework.
14.What is the best title for the text
A.NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B.Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C.Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D.HUNCH: A College Admission Reform.
四、七選五
Online courses have become popular in many countries. There are different kinds of online courses, but most show a video of a teacher and students in a classroom. Students watch the video online and take part in online activities. Some courses are free and open to anyone. ①__________ Of course, watching videos on a screen is not the same as taking part in a real class.
②__________ In Singapore, eight schools have been chosen to try new ways of using technology in the classroom. The schools have tablets (平板電腦) and touchscreens instead of books and blackboards in the classrooms. ③__________ Through them, students can communicate with each other and work on projects together.
In South Korea, some students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and other countries since 2011. The teachers are in their home countries and are connected to the Korean classrooms via the Internet. Instead of looking at a screen, the students interact with a robot in the classroom. The robot is controlled by the teacher. ④__________
Thanks to technology, more and more ways of teaching and learning are being developed.
⑤__________ But one thing is for sure—there has never been a more interesting time to be a student.
A. E-learning can be successful.
B. There are also social media platforms.
C. Other kinds of e-learning are being tested around the world.
D. They give students anywhere the chance to study at any time.
E. Nobody knows what the classroom of the future will look like.
F. And it can move around the classroom and talk with the students.
G. The courses that are taught via the Internet are called online courses.
答案以及解析
一、語法填空
1.答案：to
解析：考查固定短語。句意：使我自己習慣這些改變需要花費一些時間。accustom oneself to為固定短語，意為"使自己習慣于"。故填to。
2.答案：screaming
解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：透過煙霧，救援人員可以聽到人們的呼救聲。分析句子結構可知，此處要填非謂語動詞，在句中作賓語補足語；涉及動詞短語hear sb. doing sth，(聽到某人正在)，故填screaming。
3.答案：can / could
解析：句意為：沒有人能(比他)更熱心，他擁有一顆金子般的心。"can't / couldn't... +比較級"表示最高級含義。 No one本身表示否定，故應填can / could。
4.答案：has been shipped
解析：since several years ago 為完成時的時間狀語，主語oil意為"石油"時，為不可數名詞，且與動詞ship為被動關系，根據語境可知，應用現在完成時的被動語態，故填has been shipped。
5.答案：to fetch
解析：句意為：不用麻煩給我拿那本書了，我可以自己拿。bother to do sth為固定搭配，意為"費心做某事"，一般用于疑問句和否定句，故填to fetch。
二、翻譯題
6.答案：Given more time, we might have done a better job.
解析：might have done有兩種意義：①對過去某事的推測，表示過去可能做了某事； ②表示過去本來可以做到而實際沒有做到的事情。聯系句意可知，本句表示的是第二種含義。
7.答案：It has been about 200 years since the passage of the law. / It has been about 200 years since the law was passed.
解析："It+has been+一段時間+since..." 為固定句式，表示"自……以來已經多長時間了"。
8.答案：No matter how busy he is, he is always ready to help others.
解析："no matter+疑問詞" 用于引導讓步狀語從句，表示"無論……", 注意how后接形容詞或副詞。
9.答案：There is no doubt that enough attention must be paid to the problem of air pollution.
解析：There is no doubt that… "毫無疑問……"。此處that引導同位語從句，其后通常是一個完整的事實。
10.答案：The figure is little more than a rough estimate made by us.
解析：little more than為固定用法，有"只，僅僅" 之意。
三、閱讀理解
答案：ADAB
解析：11.推理判斷題。本題題干意為：我們對國際空間站的細菌的了解有哪些？根據題干中的關鍵詞bacteria in the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根據第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week?？芍?，國際空間站的細菌非常難處理，所以選擇A項。B：它們導致空氣污染；C：它們以不同的形式出現；D：它們毀壞儀器。
12.細節理解題。本題題干意為：HUNCH項目的目的是什么？第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(HUNCH的設計目的是將高中教師與NASA的工程師聯系在一起。)中的high school classrooms與D選項中的school education(學校教育)對應，NASA engineers與D選項中的space technology(空間技術)對應，故選D。A：為了加強師生關系；B：為了提升學生的交流技能；C：為了讓學生體驗失重。
13.推理判斷題。本題題干意為：NASA的工程師為參加此項目的學生做了些什么？根據題干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and... it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product，句中兩次出現review(檢查，審查)，證明NASA的工程師做的事情就是對學生做出的研究結果進行檢查，所以答案是A項。B：指導項目設計；C：調整工作時間表；D：給他們的作業打分。
14.主旨大意題。本題題干意為：最適合本文的標題是什么？本文主要介紹HUNCH項目，這個項目是有關太空研究的，而且研究者都是高中生。根據以上要點可知，最佳選項是B項(Space: The Final Homework Frontier),Space對應太空研究，Homework對應高中教育，Frontier(前沿)突出了這個項目的領先性。
四、七選五
答案：DCBFE
解析：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在線課程的有關內容，包括在線課程的形式、內容等，老師還可以進行遠程授課，學生在教室與教學機器人進行互動。隨著科技的發展，教學方式也在不斷地發展。
①由設空處前的句子可知，學生可以在線觀看(學習)視頻也可以參與線上活動。一些網絡課程也是對學生免費開放的。正是因為網絡的便利性，學生可以隨時隨地進行學習。D項提到"它們給任何地方的學生隨時學習的機會。"符合文意，故選D。
②設空處后面提到新加坡的八所學校嘗試在課堂中使用利用科技的新方法，下一段提到韓國的一些學生是如何進行在線學習的，這些內容說明了在線學習在不同國家的測試。C項"世界各地正在測試其他類型的電子學習。"符合文意，故選C。
③第二段最后一句提到通過它們，學生可以彼此進行交流，共同完成項目。只有通過平臺學生才能互相溝通交流，且代詞them指代B項中的social media platforms，故選B。
④設空處前兩句提到教室里的機器人由老師操作，學生可以跟機器人進行互動。F項中的it指代前文中出現的robot，機器人可以在教室里走動，并和學生進行交流，故選F。
⑤倒數第二段提到由于科技的發展，越來越多的學習和教學方式正在被開發。而科技的發展會造成什么樣的未來還是未知的。E項符合文意，同時與設空處后的"But one thing is for sure"銜接。Unit 6 Space and beyond——高二英語外研版（2019）暑假作業
一、語法填空
1._________ surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
2.All of us stood for a long time _________ the edge of the village waving good-bye to him.
3.The famous writer is engaged _________ writing a novel, which is intended for children.
4.He rushed into the room, his face _________ (cover) with sweat.
5.__________ the kids at school, the couple cannot go out for a vacation.
二、翻譯題
6.你本該早點告訴我， 但是你沒有。(tell)
You _____ _____ _____ me about it earlier, but you didn't.
7.學校規定不允許孩子在白天出校門，除非有成年人陪同。(allow)
The school rules state that no child _____ _____ _____ out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.
8.在海拔高、空氣稀薄的地方宿營，你再小心也不為過。(careful)
You _____ _____ _____ _____ when you camp at a high altitude, where the air is thin.
9.老太太不知道該怎么辦， 于是打電話給她兒子， 請他幫忙解決她所謂的一點小麻煩。(not know)
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____, the old lady rang up her son and asked for his help with what she described as a bit of bother.
10.新計劃由三部分組成，每一部分都非常重要。(compose)
The new plan _____ _____ _____ three parts, each of which is very important.
三、閱讀理解
George Aldrich, whose official title is Chemical Specialist, works at NASA's White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. He uses his nose to protect astronauts from unpleasant or harmful odors (氣味). His near four-decade career has involved smelling objects from technical handbooks to astronauts' personal things.
It's crucial that all items taken aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are odorless. Since astronauts are allowed to bring personal items aboard, all their objects must be checked before leaving Earth. In a video provided by Science Channel, Aldrich relates a specific occasion when an astronaut wanted to build a ship in a bottle in space. Everything in the ship-building process had to be sniffed—right down to the glue.
Aldrich and his team are responsible for making sure that objects are not only odorless but also harmless to astronauts. When the ISS heats up, a process called off-gassing occurs, which means chemicals flow out from certain substances. Objects that would be safe on Earth could give off unpleasant odors or become dangerous when exposed to high temperatures in the ISS's unique environment.
Of course, humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects. Before Aldrich puts his nose near a substance, it has been examined by machines. Even though machines can detect unsafe substances, computers cannot tell exactly how things smell to humans. While something could be technically fine, it could be smelly to an astronaut.
Aldrich's nose is not alone there. He is the head of a hard-sniffing team of smell testers. Together they smell each object and rate it on a scale (等級) of 1 to 4. According to NASA, 1 cannot be detected, and 4 is considered not bearable. After the scientists conclude their tests, the scores are averaged. If an item is rated more than 2.4 on the scale, it fails the test and is not allowed on the flight.
11.Which can describe the smell check from Paragraph 2
A.Quite dangerous. B.Extremely strict.
C.Rather boring. D.Very complex.
12.What is a threat to astronauts' safety at the ISS
A.Negative emotions. B.Odor-related disease.
C.The off-gassing process. D.Changes in temperature.
13.What should be done before Aldrich and his team start their work
A.Using machines to test objects. B.Having a meeting to make the scale.
C.Using computers to examine their noses. D.Listing potentially dangerous substances.
14.What is the text mainly about
A.An unusual smell tester. B.Astronauts' life at the ISS.
C.Strong odors in a spaceship. D.The smell of personal items.
四、七選五
When thinking about placing a human being in space, one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect the person from the dangers of the space environment. ①__________ The fierce heat of the sun can cause severe burns. The lack of the atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand and even burst. With no oxygen to breathe, a human being will die in only a few moments. ②__________ So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids (流星體). In 1933, an American flyer, Wiley Post, designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights. ③__________ Astronauts in the American space agency flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s. The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post.
④__________ It lets them move, do useful tasks, and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours. The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU. It was designed to endure longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits. The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand, which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly. Nowadays, NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuit that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars. ⑤__________ The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from particles carried in the wind on Mars. And, they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer flight to and from the red planet.
A. Radiation from the sun is another risk in space.
B. The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time.
C. Today, astronauts wear very different protective clothing.
D. Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of Mars.
E. EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands.
F. It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilot's head.
G. Because of the gravity on Mars, spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon.
答案以及解析
一、語法填空
1.答案：What
解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：使我驚訝的是，每個人似乎對她都很冷淡。What在此處引導主語從句，同時作從句的主語。
2.答案：at
解析：考查介詞。句意：我們都在村邊站了很久，向他揮手告別。 at the edge of意為"在 ……的邊沿"。
3.答案：in
解析：考查介詞。句意：那位著名的作家正忙于寫一部兒童小說。be engaged in意為"忙于……"。
4.答案：covered
解析：考查獨立主格結構。句意：他沖進房間，滿臉是汗。his face與cover之間是被動關系，因此填covered。
5.答案：With
解析：考查介詞。句意：由于孩子們都在上學，這對夫婦不能外出度假。with的復合結構在句中充當原因狀語。
二、翻譯題
6.答案：should have told
解析："情態動詞+ have done"表示對過去的推測， 根據句意可知， 本句表示"本應該做而沒有做"。故填 should have told。
7.答案：shall be allowed
解析：shall可在條約、規定、法令等正式文件中表示義務或規定， 意為"必須； 應該", 且child與allow之間為被動關系， 故填shall be allowed。
8.答案：can't be too careful
解析："cannot / could not + be + too + adj." 意為"無論怎樣……都不過分；再……也不為過"。
9.答案：Not knowing what to do
解析：此處應為非謂語動詞在句子中作狀語，know與主語the old lady構成邏輯上的主動關系，故填Not knowing what to do。
10.答案：is composed of
解析：be composed of…意為"由……組成"。
三、閱讀理解
答案：BCAA
解析：11.根據第二段中的"It's crucial that all items taken aboard the International Space Station(ISS) are odorless. ...all their objects must be checked before leaving Earth" 可知， 宇航員離開地球前所攜帶的東西必須經過氣味檢查， 這是至關重要的。 空間站的東西也必須是無味的?？梢姡?氣味檢查是非常嚴格的。故選B。
12.根據第三段中的"When the ISS heats up, a process called off-gassing occurs, which means chemicals flow out from certain substances. Objects that would be safe on Earth could give off unpleasant odors or become dangerous when exposed to high temperatures in the ISS's unique environment" 可知， 在排氣過程中， 地球上安全的物體在國際空間站獨特的環境中暴露在高溫下可能會發出難聞的氣味或變得危險， 由此可以推斷這一過程可能對宇航員有害。
13.根據第四段中的"Of course, humans aren't the only testers or the first to be exposed to potentially dangerous objects. Before Aldrich puts his nose near a substance, it has been examined by machines" 可知， 人類并不是唯一也不是首先接觸到可能有危險的物體的測試者， 在Aldrich他們工作前會有機器測試物體。 故選A。
14.通讀文章可知， 本文講述了化學專家George Aldrich和他的團隊用鼻子來保護宇航員， 使其免受難聞或有害氣味的傷害。他們可以說是不同尋常的氣味測試者。故選A。
四、七選五
答案：BAFCG
解析：①第一段主要講述了太空環境的危險因素，如空后講的酷熱、缺氧等。根據段意， B項符合語境，寒冷會在短時間內凍住皮膚，這是太空環境的一項危險因素。
②該空仍舊是列舉太空環境的危險因素，結合下一句信息So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids (流星體)?？芍狝項符合語境。
③根據上一句的信息詞devices，并結合F項中的代詞It和device等信息，可以判斷F項符合語境。
④該空是該段的主題句。由后文可知，該段介紹的是有關太空防護服的事情。因此C項符合語境。
⑤ 根據該空前一句的信息詞the kind of spacesuit以及后一句的意思可知，此空也應該表示一項防護措施，因此G項符合語境。

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