資源簡介

Unit 8 A green world
單元話題閱讀理解練習
基礎語篇鞏固練
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇泰州·期末）閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。
End Plastic Pollution
Why
◆Plastic pollution does harm to
our earth and many animals living
on the earth.
◆There are 6.3 billion tons of
plastic on Earth.
80% of the chips (碎屑) floating
in the oceans is plastic.
267 kinds of animals around the
world are harmed because of the
floating plastic.
_______
◆Reduce: say no to single-use plastic,such as plastic
straws and cups.
◆Reuse:make sure you use the plastic items you have
many times instead of buying new ones.
◆Recycle:check for the recycling symbol before buying
plastic items and make sure always recycle plastic.
1．The material above is a ________.
A．notice B．diary C．survey D．poster
2．Which word is the most suitable for _______
A．Where B．Why C．How D．When
3．According to the chart above, ________ may badly hurt because of plastic pollution.
A．sea animals B．long rivers C．little kids D．wild plants
4．The writer tells us plastic has been a disaster to our earth by ________.
A．a(chǎn)sking questions B．listing numbers C．telling stories D．sharing experiences
5．The material above was designed mainly to ________.
A．encourage people eat fewer fish in oceans B．call on people to help end plastic pollution
C．teach people how to recycle plastic properly D．a(chǎn)sk people not to throw rubbish into oceans
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇淮安·期末）Environmentalists (環(huán)保人士) are getting more worried about the
effects of fast fashion on the environment. Fast fashion is the production of clothes in a large number at a low cost.
They are put in shops and online stores quickly to create a high demand. Manufacturers (制造商) make 100
billion all kinds of clothes every year. This is expected to grow 60 per cent by 2030.
The fast fashion business model is having a negative effect on the environment. Many of the clothes end up
in dustbins and are not recycled. Another negative effect on the environment is caused by the chemicals used to
make the clothes. These cause health problems to people working in clothes factories. It is reported that children
make many of these clothes.
The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago, people
went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes.
They also wore them longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet and if they don’t like them, they
send them back. Some people say this is causing a throwaway (用完即棄的) society. Some people buy clothes
and never even wear them. The German media company Deutsche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe, four
million tons of clothing ends up in dustbins. Less than one per cent of this is recycled.”
It seems the fashion industry is not so sustainable (可持續(xù)的).
1．What’s the writer’s feeling about the fast fashion
A．Worried. B．Uninterested. C．Surprised. D．Pleased.
2．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A．Many people like to buy cheap clothes on the Internet.
B．Clothes in stores are much better than those on the Internet.
C．Online shopping is causing more and more clothing waste.
D．People in Europe waste lots of clothes every year.
3．What’s the best title for the text
A．The Meaning of Fast Fashion B．The Influences of Fast Fashion
C．Problems with Fast Fashion D．Health problems with Fast Fashion
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇淮安·期末）Japan started putting nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the
ocean on Aug 24. History will never forget this day.
A tsunami (海嘯) hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福島第一核電站) in Japan in 2011. It
broke the nuclear reactors (核反應堆), so the reactors became very hot. Since then, workers have been using a lot
of water to keep them cool. The water touches the reactors, so it has a lot of radioactive materials (放射性物質(zhì)).
Nuclear wastewater (核廢水) is different. It’s the waste from a normal power plant. The rules on whether
or not the wastewater can be put into the ocean are clear. So processed (處理過的) nuclear wastewater is often
seen as safe. But nuclear-contaminated water is not.
Japan tries to mix the idea of the two kinds of water. The country says that the contaminated water goes
through a special purifying process (過濾程序), and that it doesn’t hurt people’s health. However, the water has
more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials. Many of them are still unprocessed. “The materials will in the end
hurt people’s health,” Wang You, a Chinese ocean scientist, told CCTV News.
China started to stop buying seafood from Japan on Aug 24. Restaurants must not buy or use such seafood
As of Aug 28, both Russia and Thailand said that they were testing the seafood from Japan.
1．Which one is NOT true
A．Nuclear wastewater is the waste from a normal power plant.
B．Nuclear-contaminated water is different from nuclear wastewater.
C．Nuclear-contaminated water doesn’t harm people’s health after purifying.
D．The processed nuclear wastewater can be put into the ocean.
2．How did the nuclear-contaminated water in Japan come into being
A．Japan put no rules on the wastewater from normal power plants.
B．Japan used water to make the nuclear reactors work.
C．A tsunami brought water to Japan’s nuclear powerplants.
D．Japan used water to cool down nuclear reactors.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The foods from Japan that are unsafe.
B．What China is doing after Japan’s actions.
C．Which countries have stopped eating fish from Japan.
D．Japan’s actions to sell their seafood.
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇常州·期末）Imagine (想象) a place where nothing ends up in the rubbish bin.
Everything can be reused and recycled. However, the real world is the opposite. A recent report shows that only
7.2% of all used materials are recycled.
Fortunately, a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem. Set up in 2018, the
company has made plenty of useful items. Its designs include chairs, clocks, bowls, lamps and some other
furniture. But what makes these items special is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like material—Rekrill. It
is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be used over and over again.
“After years, you have to change your furniture anyway,” says Marco, a worker at Krill Design. “But if
your furniture is made from Rekrill, we will be able to recycle it and reuse the material. If our material ends up in
the sea by mistake, it doesn’t produce any waste.”
To make every item, four steps are needed. First, the food waste like fruit peel (皮) is dried and made into
powder (粉末). Then the powder is mixed with a material known as PHB．Next, the mixed material is turned into
Rekrill. At last, it is put into a 3D printer to print items. Printing time can be different depending on the item, The
lamp, for example, takes about three hours to print.
“Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,” Marco says. “It is also
very difficult to make the material, so we understand why many companies aren’t doing it.” He expects Rekrill to
be widely used in a few years.
1．What does the underlined word “Fortunately” probably mean
A．Suddenly. B．Finally. C．Luckily. D．Clearly.
2．What makes Krill Design’s items special
A．The design. B．The price. C．The purpose. D．The material.
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Different ways to do with food waste. B．Four steps in making Rekrill items.
C．How Krill Design collects food waste. D．Why it is a good idea to choose Rekrill items.
4．What can we learn from Marco’s words in the last paragraph
A．Rekrill will be cheaper in the future.
B．Rekrill has been widely used around the world.
C．Rekrill is environmentally friendly but expensive.
D．Many companies think it’s difficult to recycle plastic.
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇宿遷·期末）The “April snow” is here! It’s not real snow, of course—it’s catkins
(飛絮) from willows and popular trees (楊樹) in spring. For some people, this “snow” is not welcomed. Catkins
can cause allergies (過敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable.
In spring, female (雌性的) trees grow lots of flowers. When these flowers finish growing, they bear cotton
(結(jié)出棉花)—like seeds that spread through the air.
Luckily, scientists have found many ways to control catkins. Doing “gender change surgery (變性手術(shù))”
on willow and polar trees is one of them. People cut off the branches of female trees and replace (代替) them with
branches from male (雄 性 的 ) trees. This cuts down the number of catkins. However, this way is slow and
expensive. A skilled worker can do the “surgery” on less than ten trees a day. Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use
special injection (注射劑) to reduce the number of catkins on trees. These injections make the trees mainly use
their energy to grow bigger and get more leaves, not to reproduce (繁殖) and make catkins. Xu Qinming, an
expert in Wuxi, told Science and Technology Daily that this method is safe for the trees. However, the trees need
to get injections every year to keep the catkin number under control.
Besides injections, the trees can take “medicine”. The medicine can be sprayed (噴灑) onto the trees before
the catkins form, which can quickly reduce catkin numbers. Still, people need to be careful about how much of the
medicine they use and when they use it, or they might hurt the environment.
1．According to the passage, _________ cause some people feel uncomfortable.
A．the snow in winter B．branches from male trees
C．special injections D．catkins from willow and polar trees
2．How many ways are mentioned to deal with catkins in this passage
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
3．What’s the disadvantage (缺點) of using injections according to the passage
A．It costs a great deal of money. B．Trees are needed to be injected every year.
C．It needs many skilled workers to do it. D．It’s safe for the trees and environment.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．How to control catkins with new technology.B．How to make the trees grow healthily.
C．How to tell male and female willow trees. D．How to protect the environment.
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇連云港·期末）Lots of snakes were washed onto the riverbank after the flood.
Seeing these snakes getting burnt by the sun, teenaged Jadav Payeng was worried: What if this happens to people
Payeng turned his fears into planting a 550-hectare (公頃) forest in Majuli, Assam, India—one tree at a
time.“I started planting trees in 1979. The elders told me if I wanted to prevent snakes from dying, I should plant
the world’s tallest grass. I didn’t know then; they meant bamboo. They gave me 50 bamboo seeds and 25 young
trees, and that’s how this began.”
Payeng knew that simply planting them didn’t mean it would come up and grow. The bamboo plants
needed water. “I bought 50 pots (罐子), made holes in each and used them to water the plants. I would fill them
up every five days.”
Soon, he was collecting seeds from the locals and planting them. “I have to thank all the help I have got
from my village. The elders are so close to nature, and have so much knowledge. When I had difficulty keeping
my trees healthy, they told me that red ants can help. This is the kind of useful knowledge we need to pass on to
our young.”
Every day before the sun rises, Payeng (62 years old now) sets out for his forest. The forest is home to
different plants and animals, including 1,000 deer, several kinds of birds and leopards (獵豹). It’s also a cover for
rhinos (犀牛) during the yearly floods and an elephant corridor (通道).
Payeng is now working on a 200-hectare green cover, a project he started in 2011, with the help of the
government. “This will be done in 20 years.” he says.
1．What inspired (啟發(fā)) Payeng to start planting trees
A．The floods. B．The burnt snakes.
C．The riverbanks. D．The bamboo trees.
2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The holes. B．The seeds. C．The pots. D．The plants.
3．In what way did the villagers help Payeng
A．They took care of his children.
B．They helped him water the plants.
C．They collected and raised red ants.
D．They gave him seeds and young trees.
4．What’s the text mainly about
A．A man who grew a forest. B．A village with wise elders.
C．A project which lasts 20 years. D．A forest for different animals.
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·期末）
Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in North China. Its water quality was below Grade 5 in 2017, the
worst in China’s quality system for surface water.
People have monitored (監(jiān)測) the quality of water many times, it reached Grade 3 in 2021, and has stayed
at that level in the past three years.
Water with a quality of Grade 3 is good enough for most animals and plants in the water to live. It is said
the lake now has 276 kinds of wild birds, 70 more than in 2016 and 48 kinds of wild fish, 21 more than in 2016.
Feng Erwei, a villager of Xidi village near Baiyangdian, has worked on the lake for over 20 years. He
thinks back when he was young. People drank water directly from Baiyangdian. When swimming in the lake, he
could keep his eyes open underwater and see fish swimming around.
The condition of Baiyangdian began to go bad during the last century. In some parts of the 1ake, it became
so polluted that even the locals would avoid it.
“The unpleasant smell from the lake forced people to keep their windows closed, and nobody swam in it
any longer. ” he said.
Now, as water quality improves. Feng said the Baiyangdian of his childhood is coming back.
1．Which grade did the quality of water in the lake reach in 2023
A．Grade 2. B．Grade 3. C．Grade 4. D．Grade 5.
2．What does the underlined word “ force” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Make sth. happen. B．Make sb. accept sth.
C．Make sb. have to do sth. D．Make sth. grow faster.
3．What does the passage mainly want to tell us
A．Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in China.
B．Water with a quality of Grade 3 is not suitable for wildlife to live in.
C．Feng Erwei shared his childhood experiences in Baiyangdian with us.
D．The quality of water in the lake has improved a lot over the past years.
重難語篇拔高練
（22-23 八年級下·江蘇南京·期末）Don’t throw away your old phones. You are actually throwing away
real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (銅). People can recycle them
to make new electronics (電子器件).
But many people may not know this. In Australia alone there are more than 25 million unused mobile
phones lying around, Sydney Morning Herald reported. The gold in these phone s can add up to a value of more
than $80 million (542 million yuan). There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change
their phone once every 11 months on average. In China, people generate (產(chǎn)生) 80 million old phones every year,
according to New Express Daily.
However, it’s not easy to get the useful things out of the phones. Smartphones have not only useful things,
but also harmful materials. Guiyu, a small town in Shantou, Guangdong, is one of the world’s biggest dumping
grounds (垃圾傾倒場) for electronic waste, Reuters reported. Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the
old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81
percent of children in Guiyu are harmed by lead (鉛) poisoning.
Veena Sahajwalla, a professor at Australia’s University of New South Wales, has made a mini factory. It
makes smartphone recycling cleaner and easier. The mini factory is very small and easy to move around. It breaks
the phones and automatically (自動地) removes the useful parts. That way, humans do not get poisoned.
1．What can people do with old phones
A．Put them away. B．Make gold rings.
C．Make new electronics. D．Clean the city’s roads.
2．On average, how often do smartphone users change their phones
A．Once a month. B．Twice a month.
C．Once every 11 months. D．Twice every 18 months.
3．The kids in Guiyu get lead poisoning because ________.
A．Guiyu is polluted by electronic waste B．Guiyu people like to throw away old phones
C．Guiyu has the world’s biggest lead factory D．Guiyu uses machines to recycle electronics
4．The writer writes this article mainly to ________.
A．discuss how to make new electronics from old phones
B．a(chǎn)sk people to protect the environment
C．encourage people to make good use of the old phones
D．introduce smartphones in different countries
（22-23 八年級下·江蘇南京·期末）Lessons from China on increasing forest cover
Forests are the provider of many necessary products and play a key role in providing clean air,preventing
climate change and conserving biodiversity. As deforestation and forest degradation continue across much of
Asia—Pacific, a paper by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) shows how China
has “seen a phenomenal transformation of forests in the last thirty years”.
China has taken active steps in increasing its forest cover. In the past thirty years, China has successfully
stopped the loss of forests and even managed to reverse the trend. Such “forest transformation” is also evident in
other countries within the region such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
However, China’s efforts are worthy of mention. It has increased its forest cover from about 157 million
hectares in 1990 to about 220 million hectares in 2020. Reforestation there has been the highest among the 236
countries and regions covered by FAO’s paper.
The increase in China’s forest cover arises from two factors—planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests. Between 1990 and 2020, planted forests increased by over 40 million hectares, while naturally regenerated
forests increased by 22 million hectares.
Lots of tree-planting programs have ensured the growth of trees in China. Under China’s Grain for Green
program starting in 1999, China has successfully transformed 33.5 million hectares of croplands into tree or grass
cover.
China has also invested heavily in research and development in science and technology. This has had direct
and indirect impact on the forest industry. China started a three-stage forest development strategy in 2010,
focusing on using digital technology to monitor, revive and develop forest areas.
And China has also made a great effort to improve the forest ecosystem and its resilience to climate change.
China has achieved this by increasing public awareness, building national parks and running various reforestation
programs.
According to Jong Jin Kim, Assistant Director—General and FAO Regional Representative for Asia and
the Pacific, “such a transformation is a result of several factors, including the rise of China as an industrial
economy, clear and consistent policies, investment in key forestry programs, and the development of science and
technology.”
1．What does “forest transformation” refer to in paragraph 2
A．China has taken active steps in increasing its croplands.
B．It is evident in other countries such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
C．China has invested heavily in research and development in science and technology.
D．China has successfully stopped the loss of forests and even managed to change the trend completely in
the past thirty years.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．China has improved the forest ecosystem only by increasing public awareness.
B．China has successfully transformed about 35 million hectares of tree or grass cover into croplands.
C．The increase in China’s forest cover includes the increase in planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests.
D．The three-stage forest development strategy in 2010 focused on making use of digital technology to
develop croplands.
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the “forest transformation”
A．Lots of tree-planting programs.
B．The rise of China as an agricultural country.
C．Great investment in research and development in science and technology.
D．Great efforts to improve the ecosystem of the forest and its resilience to climate change.Unit 8 A green world
單元話題閱讀理解練習
基礎語篇鞏固練
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇泰州·期末）閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。
End Plastic Pollution
Why
◆Plastic pollution does harm to
our earth and many animals living
on the earth.
◆There are 6.3 billion tons of
plastic on Earth.
80% of the chips (碎屑) floating
in the oceans is plastic.
267 kinds of animals around the
world are harmed because of the
floating plastic.
_______
◆Reduce: say no to single-use plastic,such as plastic
straws and cups.
◆Reuse:make sure you use the plastic items you have
many times instead of buying new ones.
◆Recycle:check for the recycling symbol before buying
plastic items and make sure always recycle plastic.
1．The material above is a ________.
A．notice B．diary C．survey D．poster
2．Which word is the most suitable for _______
A．Where B．Why C．How D．When
3．According to the chart above, ________ may badly hurt because of plastic pollution.
A．sea animals B．long rivers C．little kids D．wild plants
4．The writer tells us plastic has been a disaster to our earth by ________.
A．a(chǎn)sking questions B．listing numbers C．telling stories D．sharing experiences
5．The material above was designed mainly to ________.
A．encourage people eat fewer fish in oceans B．call on people to help end plastic pollution
C．teach people how to recycle plastic properly D．a(chǎn)sk people not to throw rubbish into oceans
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【導語】本文是一個關(guān)于塑料污染的調(diào)查，并告訴人們?nèi)绾螠p少塑料污染。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Plastic pollution does harm to our earth ... 6.3 billion tons of plastic...”可知，文章用列數(shù)
據(jù)的方法說明了塑料污染對地球和在地球上的許多動物造成的傷害，由此可知本文應是一篇調(diào)查報告。故
選 C。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Reduce: say no to single-use plastic...Reuse:make sure you use the plastic items...Recycle...
可知，此處介紹減少塑料污染的做法，用 how 符合，故選 C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“80% of the chips (碎屑) floating in the oceans is plastic. 267 kinds of animals around the
world are harmed because of the floating plastic.”可知，海洋中漂浮的碎屑中有 80%是塑料，而這些漂浮的塑
料傷害了大約 267 種動物，由此可知，漂浮塑料傷害的主要是海洋動物。故選 A。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“6.3 billion tons of plastic...80% of the chips...267 kinds of animals”可知，作者采用列數(shù)
據(jù)的方式告訴我們塑料成為地球的災難。故選 B。
5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“◆Reduce: say no to single-use plastic,such as plastic straws and cups. ◆Reuse:make sure
you use the plastic items you have many times instead of buying new ones. ◆Recycle:check for the recycling
symbol before buying plastic items and make sure always recycle plastic.”可知，上面的材料主要是為了呼吁人
們幫助結(jié)束塑料污染。故選 B。
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇淮安·期末）Environmentalists (環(huán)保人士) are getting more worried about the
effects of fast fashion on the environment. Fast fashion is the production of clothes in a large number at a low cost.
They are put in shops and online stores quickly to create a high demand. Manufacturers (制造商) make 100
billion all kinds of clothes every year. This is expected to grow 60 per cent by 2030.
The fast fashion business model is having a negative effect on the environment. Many of the clothes end up
in dustbins and are not recycled. Another negative effect on the environment is caused by the chemicals used to
make the clothes. These cause health problems to people working in clothes factories. It is reported that children
make many of these clothes.
The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago, people
went to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes.
They also wore them longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet and if they don’t like them, they
send them back. Some people say this is causing a throwaway (用完即棄的) society. Some people buy clothes
and never even wear them. The German media company Deutsche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe, four
million tons of clothing ends up in dustbins. Less than one per cent of this is recycled.”
It seems the fashion industry is not so sustainable (可持續(xù)的).
1．What’s the writer’s feeling about the fast fashion
A．Worried. B．Uninterested. C．Surprised. D．Pleased.
2．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us
A．Many people like to buy cheap clothes on the Internet.
B．Clothes in stores are much better than those on the Internet.
C．Online shopping is causing more and more clothing waste.
D．People in Europe waste lots of clothes every year.
3．What’s the best title for the text
A．The Meaning of Fast Fashion B．The Influences of Fast Fashion
C．Problems with Fast Fashion D．Health problems with Fast Fashion
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了快時尚對環(huán)境的消極影響。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Environmentalists (環(huán)保人士) are getting more worried about the effects of fast fashion on
the environment.”可知，擔憂快時尚對環(huán)境的影響，故選 A。
2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste.”和第三段
整段可知，人們購買衣服的方式增加了衣物浪費的問題，人們在網(wǎng)上訂購便宜的衣服，不喜歡，就會寄回，
有些人買衣服卻從來不穿，即網(wǎng)購方式增加了衣物浪費的問題。故選 C。
3．最佳標題題。根據(jù)全文通篇主要介紹了快時尚對環(huán)境的消極影響，B 選項“快時尚的影響。”與文章相符。
故選 B。
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇淮安·期末）Japan started putting nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the
ocean on Aug 24. History will never forget this day.
A tsunami (海嘯) hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福島第一核電站) in Japan in 2011. It
broke the nuclear reactors (核反應堆), so the reactors became very hot. Since then, workers have been using a lot
of water to keep them cool. The water touches the reactors, so it has a lot of radioactive materials (放射性物質(zhì)).
Nuclear wastewater (核廢水) is different. It’s the waste from a normal power plant. The rules on whether
or not the wastewater can be put into the ocean are clear. So processed (處理過的) nuclear wastewater is often
seen as safe. But nuclear-contaminated water is not.
Japan tries to mix the idea of the two kinds of water. The country says that the contaminated water goes
through a special purifying process (過濾程序), and that it doesn’t hurt people’s health. However, the water has
more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials. Many of them are still unprocessed. “The materials will in the end
hurt people’s health,” Wang You, a Chinese ocean scientist, told CCTV News.
China started to stop buying seafood from Japan on Aug 24. Restaurants must not buy or use such seafood
As of Aug 28, both Russia and Thailand said that they were testing the seafood from Japan.
1．Which one is NOT true
A．Nuclear wastewater is the waste from a normal power plant.
B．Nuclear-contaminated water is different from nuclear wastewater.
C．Nuclear-contaminated water doesn’t harm people’s health after purifying.
D．The processed nuclear wastewater can be put into the ocean.
2．How did the nuclear-contaminated water in Japan come into being
A．Japan put no rules on the wastewater from normal power plants.
B．Japan used water to make the nuclear reactors work.
C．A tsunami brought water to Japan’s nuclear powerplants.
D．Japan used water to cool down nuclear reactors.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The foods from Japan that are unsafe.
B．What China is doing after Japan’s actions.
C．Which countries have stopped eating fish from Japan.
D．Japan’s actions to sell their seafood.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了日本排放核污染廢水相關(guān)的信息。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However, the water has more than 60 kinds of radioactive materials. Many of them are still
unprocessed. ‘The materials will in the end hurt people’s health,’ Wang You, a Chinese ocean scientist, told
CCTV News.”可知，這些材料最終會傷害人們的健康，所以“核污染水凈化后不會危害人體健康”表述不正
確。故選 C。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Since then, workers have been using a lot of water to keep them cool.”可知，日本用水來
冷卻核反應堆。故選 D。
3．主旨大意題。通讀最后一段可知，此段講述日本排放核廢水后中國停止進口日本海鮮，俄羅斯和泰國
也開始測試日本的海鮮，由此可知此段介紹了日本排放核污廢水后，各國在做的事情。故選 B。
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇常州·期末）Imagine (想象) a place where nothing ends up in the rubbish bin.
Everything can be reused and recycled. However, the real world is the opposite. A recent report shows that only
7.2% of all used materials are recycled.
Fortunately, a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem. Set up in 2018, the
company has made plenty of useful items. Its designs include chairs, clocks, bowls, lamps and some other
furniture. But what makes these items special is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like material—Rekrill. It
is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be used over and over again.
“After years, you have to change your furniture anyway,” says Marco, a worker at Krill Design. “But if
your furniture is made from Rekrill, we will be able to recycle it and reuse the material. If our material ends up in
the sea by mistake, it doesn’t produce any waste.”
To make every item, four steps are needed. First, the food waste like fruit peel (皮) is dried and made into
powder (粉末). Then the powder is mixed with a material known as PHB．Next, the mixed material is turned into
Rekrill. At last, it is put into a 3D printer to print items. Printing time can be different depending on the item, The
lamp, for example, takes about three hours to print.
“Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,” Marco says. “It is also
very difficult to make the material, so we understand why many companies aren’t doing it.” He expects Rekrill to
be widely used in a few years.
1．What does the underlined word “Fortunately” probably mean
A．Suddenly. B．Finally. C．Luckily. D．Clearly.
2．What makes Krill Design’s items special
A．The design. B．The price. C．The purpose. D．The material.
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Different ways to do with food waste. B．Four steps in making Rekrill items.
C．How Krill Design collects food waste. D．Why it is a good idea to choose Rekrill items.
4．What can we learn from Marco’s words in the last paragraph
A．Rekrill will be cheaper in the future.
B．Rekrill has been widely used around the world.
C．Rekrill is environmentally friendly but expensive.
D．Many companies think it’s difficult to recycle plastic.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【導語】本文介紹了為了解決材料的回收率低的問題，一家公司設計一種新材料——Rekrill，用它制作物
品。文中介紹了制作這種材料的步驟。
1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“a company in Milan named Krill Design decided to solve the problem.”可知，有公司決
定解決這個問題，因此是幸運的事。故選 C。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“But what makes these items special is that they are made from a kind of plastic-like
material—Rekrill. It is fully biodegradable (可生物降解的) and can be used over and over again.”（但這些物品
的特別之處在于，它們是由一種類似塑料的材料——Rekrill 制成的。它是完全可生物降解的，可以反復使
用）。可知， Krill 設計的物品的項目特別之處就是材料，故選 D。
3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“To make every item, four steps are needed.”可知，第四段主要介紹制作 Rekrill 物品的
四個步驟。故選 B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“‘Our material produces no waste, but it costs probably six times more than plastics,’ Marco
says.”可知，Rekrill 是環(huán)保的，但價格昂貴。故選 C。
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇宿遷·期末）The “April snow” is here! It’s not real snow, of course—it’s catkins
(飛絮) from willows and popular trees (楊樹) in spring. For some people, this “snow” is not welcomed. Catkins
can cause allergies (過敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable.
In spring, female (雌性的) trees grow lots of flowers. When these flowers finish growing, they bear cotton
(結(jié)出棉花)—like seeds that spread through the air.
Luckily, scientists have found many ways to control catkins. Doing “gender change surgery (變性手術(shù))”
on willow and polar trees is one of them. People cut off the branches of female trees and replace (代替) them with
branches from male (雄 性 的 ) trees. This cuts down the number of catkins. However, this way is slow and
expensive. A skilled worker can do the “surgery” on less than ten trees a day. Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use
special injection (注射劑) to reduce the number of catkins on trees. These injections make the trees mainly use
their energy to grow bigger and get more leaves, not to reproduce (繁殖) and make catkins. Xu Qinming, an
expert in Wuxi, told Science and Technology Daily that this method is safe for the trees. However, the trees need
to get injections every year to keep the catkin number under control.
Besides injections, the trees can take “medicine”. The medicine can be sprayed (噴灑) onto the trees before
the catkins form, which can quickly reduce catkin numbers. Still, people need to be careful about how much of the
medicine they use and when they use it, or they might hurt the environment.
1．According to the passage, _________ cause some people feel uncomfortable.
A．the snow in winter B．branches from male trees
C．special injections D．catkins from willow and polar trees
2．How many ways are mentioned to deal with catkins in this passage
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
3．What’s the disadvantage (缺點) of using injections according to the passage
A．It costs a great deal of money. B．Trees are needed to be injected every year.
C．It needs many skilled workers to do it. D．It’s safe for the trees and environment.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．How to control catkins with new technology.B．How to make the trees grow healthily.
C．How to tell male and female willow trees. D．How to protect the environment.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了柳絮和楊絮的形成原因以及科學家為減少楊絮產(chǎn)生而研究出來的
方法。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“it’s catkins (飛絮) from willows and popular trees (楊樹) in spring. For some people, this
‘snow’ is not welcomed. Catkins can cause allergies (過敏), making people’s noses, eyes, and skin uncomfortable.”
可知，柳絮會讓一些人感覺不舒服。故選 D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Doing ‘gender change surgery (變性手術(shù))’ on willow and poplar trees is one of them.”、
“Scientists in Wuxi, Jiangsu, use special injection (注射劑) to reduce the number of catkins on trees”以及最后一
段中的“The medicine can be sprayed (噴灑) onto the trees before the catkins form, which can quickly reduce
catkin numbers.”可知，應對飛絮，文章提到了做變性手術(shù)、注射藥物及噴灑藥劑三種方式。故選 C。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However, the trees need to get injections every year to keep the catkin number under
control.”可知，注射這種方法的缺點是樹木需要每年注射。故選 B。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了柳絮和楊絮的形成原因以及科學家為減少楊絮產(chǎn)生而研究出
來的方法。故選 A。
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇連云港·期末）Lots of snakes were washed onto the riverbank after the flood.
Seeing these snakes getting burnt by the sun, teenaged Jadav Payeng was worried: What if this happens to people
Payeng turned his fears into planting a 550-hectare (公頃) forest in Majuli, Assam, India—one tree at a
time.“I started planting trees in 1979. The elders told me if I wanted to prevent snakes from dying, I should plant
the world’s tallest grass. I didn’t know then; they meant bamboo. They gave me 50 bamboo seeds and 25 young
trees, and that’s how this began.”
Payeng knew that simply planting them didn’t mean it would come up and grow. The bamboo plants
needed water. “I bought 50 pots (罐子), made holes in each and used them to water the plants. I would fill them
up every five days.”
Soon, he was collecting seeds from the locals and planting them. “I have to thank all the help I have got
from my village. The elders are so close to nature, and have so much knowledge. When I had difficulty keeping
my trees healthy, they told me that red ants can help. This is the kind of useful knowledge we need to pass on to
our young.”
Every day before the sun rises, Payeng (62 years old now) sets out for his forest. The forest is home to
different plants and animals, including 1,000 deer, several kinds of birds and leopards (獵豹). It’s also a cover for
rhinos (犀牛) during the yearly floods and an elephant corridor (通道).
Payeng is now working on a 200-hectare green cover, a project he started in 2011, with the help of the
government. “This will be done in 20 years.” he says.
1．What inspired (啟發(fā)) Payeng to start planting trees
A．The floods. B．The burnt snakes.
C．The riverbanks. D．The bamboo trees.
2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The holes. B．The seeds. C．The pots. D．The plants.
3．In what way did the villagers help Payeng
A．They took care of his children.
B．They helped him water the plants.
C．They collected and raised red ants.
D．They gave him seeds and young trees.
4．What’s the text mainly about
A．A man who grew a forest. B．A village with wise elders.
C．A project which lasts 20 years. D．A forest for different animals.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了 Payeng 在印度阿薩姆邦馬久里開展綠化工程的故事。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Seeing these snakes getting burnt by the sun…h(huán)appens to people ”以及第二段
“Payeng turned his fears into planting a 550-hectare (公頃) forest…”可知，蛇被太陽曬傷啟發(fā)了 Payeng 開始種
植樹木。故選 B。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“I bought 50 pots (罐子), made holes in each and used them to water the plants.”可
知，他買了 50 個罐子，在每個罐子上打孔，然后用來給植物澆水。故選 C。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“he was collecting seeds from the locals and planting them.…’”可知，村民給了他
種子。故選 D。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了 Payeng 植樹造林的歷程。故選 A。
（23-24 八年級下·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·期末）
Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in North China. Its water quality was below Grade 5 in 2017, the
worst in China’s quality system for surface water.
People have monitored (監(jiān)測) the quality of water many times, it reached Grade 3 in 2021, and has stayed
at that level in the past three years.
Water with a quality of Grade 3 is good enough for most animals and plants in the water to live. It is said
the lake now has 276 kinds of wild birds, 70 more than in 2016 and 48 kinds of wild fish, 21 more than in 2016.
Feng Erwei, a villager of Xidi village near Baiyangdian, has worked on the lake for over 20 years. He
thinks back when he was young. People drank water directly from Baiyangdian. When swimming in the lake, he
could keep his eyes open underwater and see fish swimming around.
The condition of Baiyangdian began to go bad during the last century. In some parts of the 1ake, it became
so polluted that even the locals would avoid it.
“The unpleasant smell from the lake forced people to keep their windows closed, and nobody swam in it
any longer. ” he said.
Now, as water quality improves. Feng said the Baiyangdian of his childhood is coming back.
1．Which grade did the quality of water in the lake reach in 2023
A．Grade 2. B．Grade 3. C．Grade 4. D．Grade 5.
2．What does the underlined word “ force” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A．Make sth. happen. B．Make sb. accept sth.
C．Make sb. have to do sth. D．Make sth. grow faster.
3．What does the passage mainly want to tell us
A．Baiyangdian is the largest freshwater lake in China.
B．Water with a quality of Grade 3 is not suitable for wildlife to live in.
C．Feng Erwei shared his childhood experiences in Baiyangdian with us.
D．The quality of water in the lake has improved a lot over the past years.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【導語】本文主要講述了白洋淀是華北最大的淡水湖，2017 年水質(zhì)為劣五類。經(jīng)過多次監(jiān)測，2021 年水
質(zhì)提升至三類，并在過去三年保持這一水平。現(xiàn)在隨著水質(zhì)改善，人們心中的童年的白洋淀正在回歸。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段中“People have monitored (監(jiān)測) the quality of water many times, it reached
Grade 3 in 2021, and has stayed at that level in the past three years.”可知，2023 年水質(zhì)是三級。故選 B。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文中“The unpleasant smell from the lake forced people to keep their windows closed, and
nobody swam in it any longer.”可知，湖中難聞的氣味會使人們關(guān)上窗戶，所以 force 是讓人們不得不做某事。
故選 C。
3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中“Now, as water quality improves. Feng said the Baiyangdian of his childhood is coming
back.”及通讀全文可知，本文主要講講的是這個湖的水質(zhì)在過去幾年里有了很大的改善。故選 D。
重難語篇拔高練
（22-23 八年級下·江蘇南京·期末）Don’t throw away your old phones. You are actually throwing away
real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (銅). People can recycle them
to make new electronics (電子器件).
But many people may not know this. In Australia alone there are more than 25 million unused mobile
phones lying around, Sydney Morning Herald reported. The gold in these phone s can add up to a value of more
than $80 million (542 million yuan). There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change
their phone once every 11 months on average. In China, people generate (產(chǎn)生) 80 million old phones every year,
according to New Express Daily.
However, it’s not easy to get the useful things out of the phones. Smartphones have not only useful things,
but also harmful materials. Guiyu, a small town in Shantou, Guangdong, is one of the world’s biggest dumping
grounds (垃圾傾倒場) for electronic waste, Reuters reported. Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the
old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81
percent of children in Guiyu are harmed by lead (鉛) poisoning.
Veena Sahajwalla, a professor at Australia’s University of New South Wales, has made a mini factory. It
makes smartphone recycling cleaner and easier. The mini factory is very small and easy to move around. It breaks
the phones and automatically (自動地) removes the useful parts. That way, humans do not get poisoned.
1．What can people do with old phones
A．Put them away. B．Make gold rings.
C．Make new electronics. D．Clean the city’s roads.
2．On average, how often do smartphone users change their phones
A．Once a month. B．Twice a month.
C．Once every 11 months. D．Twice every 18 months.
3．The kids in Guiyu get lead poisoning because ________.
A．Guiyu is polluted by electronic waste B．Guiyu people like to throw away old phones
C．Guiyu has the world’s biggest lead factory D．Guiyu uses machines to recycle electronics
4．The writer writes this article mainly to ________.
A．discuss how to make new electronics from old phones
B．a(chǎn)sk people to protect the environment
C．encourage people to make good use of the old phones
D．introduce smartphones in different countries
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C
【導語】本文主要介紹了智能手機有很多有用的金屬，人們可以回收制造新的電子產(chǎn)品，此外智能手機還
含有有害的物質(zhì)，對人的身體和環(huán)境有危害。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“People can recycle them to make new electronics.”可知，人們可以回收舊手機
來制造新的電子器件。故選 C。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change their
phone once every 11 months on average.”可知，平均而言，智能手機用戶每 11 個月更換一次手機。故選 C。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the old electronics by hand and
don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81 percent of children in Guiyu
are harmed by lead poisoning.”可知，貴嶼的孩子們鉛中毒是因為貴嶼被電子垃圾污染了。故選 A。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“People can recycle them to make new electronics.”以及通讀全文可知，本文主
要介紹了智能手機有很多有用的金屬，人們可以回收制造新的電子產(chǎn)品；作者寫這篇文章主要是為了鼓勵
人們充分利用舊手機。故選 C。
（22-23 八年級下·江蘇南京·期末）Lessons from China on increasing forest cover
Forests are the provider of many necessary products and play a key role in providing clean air,preventing
climate change and conserving biodiversity. As deforestation and forest degradation continue across much of
Asia—Pacific, a paper by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) shows how China
has “seen a phenomenal transformation of forests in the last thirty years”.
China has taken active steps in increasing its forest cover. In the past thirty years, China has successfully
stopped the loss of forests and even managed to reverse the trend. Such “forest transformation” is also evident in
other countries within the region such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
However, China’s efforts are worthy of mention. It has increased its forest cover from about 157 million
hectares in 1990 to about 220 million hectares in 2020. Reforestation there has been the highest among the 236
countries and regions covered by FAO’s paper.
The increase in China’s forest cover arises from two factors—planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests. Between 1990 and 2020, planted forests increased by over 40 million hectares, while naturally regenerated
forests increased by 22 million hectares.
Lots of tree-planting programs have ensured the growth of trees in China. Under China’s Grain for Green
program starting in 1999, China has successfully transformed 33.5 million hectares of croplands into tree or grass
cover.
China has also invested heavily in research and development in science and technology. This has had direct
and indirect impact on the forest industry. China started a three-stage forest development strategy in 2010,
focusing on using digital technology to monitor, revive and develop forest areas.
And China has also made a great effort to improve the forest ecosystem and its resilience to climate change.
China has achieved this by increasing public awareness, building national parks and running various reforestation
programs.
According to Jong Jin Kim, Assistant Director—General and FAO Regional Representative for Asia and
the Pacific, “such a transformation is a result of several factors, including the rise of China as an industrial
economy, clear and consistent policies, investment in key forestry programs, and the development of science and
technology.”
1．What does “forest transformation” refer to in paragraph 2
A．China has taken active steps in increasing its croplands.
B．It is evident in other countries such as India, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.
C．China has invested heavily in research and development in science and technology.
D．China has successfully stopped the loss of forests and even managed to change the trend completely in
the past thirty years.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．China has improved the forest ecosystem only by increasing public awareness.
B．China has successfully transformed about 35 million hectares of tree or grass cover into croplands.
C．The increase in China’s forest cover includes the increase in planted forest areas and naturally regenerated
forests.
D．The three-stage forest development strategy in 2010 focused on making use of digital technology to
develop croplands.
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the “forest transformation”
A．Lots of tree-planting programs.
B．The rise of China as an agricultural country.
C．Great investment in research and development in science and technology.
D．Great efforts to improve the ecosystem of the forest and its resilience to climate change.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了中國增加森林覆蓋的經(jīng)驗教訓。
1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“In the past thirty years, China has successfully stopped the loss of forests and even managed
to reverse the trend”可知，在過去的三十年里，中國已經(jīng)成功地阻止了森林的流失，甚至設法徹底改變了這
一趨勢，這就是“forest transformation”，故選 D。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The increase in China’s forest cover arises from two factors — planted forest areas and
naturally regenerated forests.”可知，中國森林覆蓋面積的增加包括人工林面積和自然更新林面積的增加，故
選 C。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“such a transformation is a result of several factors, including the rise of China as an
industrial economy, clear and consistent policies, investment in key forestry programs, and the development of
science and technology.”可知，這種轉(zhuǎn)變是幾個因素的結(jié)果，包括中國作為工業(yè)經(jīng)濟體的崛起、明確一致的
政策、對關(guān)鍵林業(yè)項目的投資以及科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展。中國作為一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國的崛起不是“森林轉(zhuǎn)型”的原因，
故選 B。

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