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Unit1-Unit10 詞匯語法易錯專項練習
一、詞匯及語法選擇題
The old man tried to ______ the mountains because they blocked his way.
A. move B. remove C. carry D. lift
The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his ______ and size.
A. shape B. color C. weight D. height
The new couple were ______ happy that they couldn’t stop smiling.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
Hansel and Gretel ______ white stones to find their way back.
A. dropped B. carried C. collected D. picked
You won’t understand the story ______ you read it carefully.
A. if B. unless C. when D. after
The emperor had to give silk to the brothers, but they ______ it for themselves.
A. kept B. sold C. gave D. returned
Qomolangma is higher than ______ mountain in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. others
The Caspian Sea is the ______ salt lake in the world.
A. deep B. deeper C. deepest D. more deep
It’s hard ______ in thin air as you near the top of the mountain.
A. breathe B. to breathe C. breathing D. breathed
Pandas are endangered because humans ______ their forests.
A. cut down B. cut up C. cut off D. cut out
The baby panda is only 0.1kg ______ birth.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
The Yangtze River is one of the ______ rivers in the world.
A. longest B. shortest C. deepest D. highest
Sarah became a fan of country music ______ she heard a song on the radio.
A. until B. when C. ever since D. before
Country music ______ us of the good old days.
A. remembers B. reminds C. tells D. says
The singer has sold ______ 120 million records.
A. more B. over C. many D. much
I can’t wait ______ the new book about adventure.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
Singapore is ______ to the equator, so the temperature is high.
A. far B. close C. near D. next
Three ______ of the population in Singapore are Chinese.
A. quarter B. quarters C. fourth D. four
You can find Chinese food ______ of China in Singapore.
A. inside B. outside C. in D. on
The boy has ______ the book for two weeks.
A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
They decided to ______ old toys to a children’s home.
A. give up B. give away C. give out D. give in
She was sad to ______ with her favorite doll.
A. part B. take C. bring D. get
______ honest, I don't like this old book.
A. To be B. Being C. Be D. Been
The family is having a ______ sale to clear old things.
A. book B. yard C. clothes D. food
He no ______ lives here. He moved to another city.
A. longer B. long C. far D. further
While she ______ TV, her brother was doing homework.
A. watched B. was watching C. watches D. is watching
When I got home, my parents ______ dinner.
A. cook B. cooked C. were cooking D. are cooking
The rest of the milk ______ bad yesterday.
A. went B. go C. goes D. going
He has trouble ______ up early in the morning.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
She fell asleep ______ the light on.
A. with B. in C. on D. at
______ he is young, he knows a lot about history.
A. Although B. If C. When D. Because
The storm brought people ______ than before.
A. close B. closer C. closest D. the closest
Could you please ______ the window It’s cold.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
______ you pass me the salt, please
A. Could B. Must C. Need D. Should
Neither my parents nor I ______ interested in games.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
The boy will call you as soon as he ______ home.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive
It’s important ______ good grades in exams.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
The man made it possible for her ______ to university.
A. go B. to go C. going D. went
The students keep ______ English every morning.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
The woman was surprised ______ the news about pandas.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
The teacher told us ______ late for class.
A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. not being
______ of the two girls is from China.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. None
—______ you read Little Women yet —Yes, I have.
A. Do B. Did C. Have D. Has
Tina ______ Treasure Island and thinks it’s fantastic.
A. reads B. read C. has read D. is reading
How long ______ you been a fan of country music
A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon
The first people ______ the top were very brave.
A. reach B. to reach C. reaching D. reached
The song made Sarah ______ her family in China.
think about B. to think about
C. thinking about D. thought about
—I have never been to a science museum. —______.
Me too B. Me neither
C. So have I D. Neither do I
The singer ______ over 100 songs so far.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing
______ the book is old, it’s still popular worldwide.
A. Because B. Although C. So D. But
二、詞匯及語法填空題
The story reminds us never to give up ______ we face difficulties.
Yu Gong’s family decided to continue ______ (move) the mountains after his death.
The two brothers cheated the emperor by making ______ (magic) clothes.
Hansel had to change his plan because he couldn’t get ______ (many) white stones.
The Monkey King uses a ______ (magic) stick to fight bad people.
The children followed the bird’s song to a house made ______ bread and candy.
The ______ (high) of Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters.
The Sahara is the largest ______ (desert) in the world.
China has a population of about 1.4 ______ (billion) people.
Climbers face difficulties ______ (such as/for example) freezing weather and storms.
Pandas are endangered because humans ______ (cut) down their forests.
Adult pandas spend 12 hours ______ (eat) about 10kg of bamboo daily.
The government is trying ______ (protect) the endangered pandas.
Sarah became a fan of country music ______ (ever since/when) she heard a song on the radio.
Country music ______ (remind) us of the good old days in the countryside.
The singer has sold ______ (over/more) 120 million records so far.
The book is so interesting that I can't ______ (put) it down.
Singapore is a small ______ (island) in Southeast Asia.
Three ______ (quarter) of the population in Singapore are Chinese.
The temperature in Singapore is almost the same ______ (all/ whole) year round.
I have ______ (already/yet) read the book three times.
The boy can't wait ______ (read) the new adventure story.
The man was named Friday because that’s the day Robinson ______ (meet) him.
Robinson Crusoe ______ (build) a house on the island alone.
The ______ (introduce) of the song made Sarah interested in country music.
They are having a ______ (yard) sale to sell old toys and books.
Amy wants to keep her old toys because they ______ (bring) back sweet memories.
He has ______ (have) the bike for three years since his 10th birthday.
The family decided to ______ (give) away old clothes to the poor.
She was sad to ______ (part) with her favorite doll.
______ (To be) honest, I don’t like this kind of music.
The old man no ______ (long) lives here; he moved away.
While Linda ______ (sleep), Jenny was helping Mary with homework.
When I got home, my parents ______ (cook) dinner in the kitchen.
The rest of the students ______ (be) cleaning the classroom yesterday.
He has trouble ______ (get) up early on weekends.
She fell asleep ______ (with) the light on last night.
______ (Although) he is young, he knows a lot about history.
The storm brought people ______ (close) than before.
Could you please ______ (close) the window It’s windy outside.
______ (Could) you pass me the dictionary, please
Neither my sister nor I ______ (be) interested in playing chess.
The boy will call you as soon as he ______ (arrive) at the station.
It’s important ______ (learn) English well for international communication.
The teacher made it possible for us ______ (understand) the difficult passage.
The students keep ______ (read) English every morning.
The woman was surprised ______ (hear) the news about the accident.
The teacher told the students ______ (not be) late for the exam.
______ (Neither) of the two books is interesting; I don’t like them.
—______ (Have) you ever been to the Great Wall —Yes, twice.
三、語法段落填空題（兩篇）
第一篇
Once upon a time, there was an old man ______1 (call) Yu Gong. He lived near two big mountains, which ______2 (take) a long time to cross. So he decided ______ 3(move) them. His family ______4 (help) him carry earth to the sea. A man said he was too old, but Yu Gong believed his family could ______5 (continue) after his death. The story tells us that anything is possible if we don’t ______ 6(give) up. Another story is about the Monkey King, who can make 72 changes to his ______ 7(shape) and size. He uses a ______ 8(magic) stick to fight bad people, but he can’t turn into a man unless he ______9 (hide) his tail. These stories ______10 (teach) us to be brave and never give up.
第二篇
Qomolangma, the ______ 11(high) mountain in the world, is 8,844.43 meters tall. Climbing it is difficult because of ______ 12(freeze) weather and heavy storms. The first people ______13 (reach) the top in 1953 were Tenzing and Edmund. Pandas are ______14 (endanger) animals. At birth, a baby panda is only 0.1kg. Adult pandas spend over 12 hours ______15 (eat) bamboo. The Chinese government is trying ______16 (save) them by creating more nature parks. In Singapore, a small ______17 (island) in Asia, three ______18 (quarter) of the population are Chinese. The temperature is almost the same ______19 (all) year, so you can visit ______ 20(whenever) you like.
答案與解析
一、詞匯語法選擇題
A
解析：move the mountains 表示 “移山”，是固定搭配，remove 側重 “移除”，carry “搬運”，lift “舉起”，均不符合語境。
A
解析：shape 與 size 并列表示 “形狀和大小”，其他選項 color（顏色）、weight（重量）、height（高度）不符合故事內容。
A
解析：so + 形容詞 + that... 表示 “如此…… 以至于”，happy 是形容詞，用 so；such 后接名詞，排除 B。
A
解析：drop stones 表示 “沿途扔石頭”，carry “攜帶”、collect “收集”、pick “撿起” 均不符合 Hansel 標記路線的行為。
B
解析：unless=if not，表示 “除非”，符合 “除非仔細讀，否則不懂故事” 的邏輯，if “如果”、when “當”、after“在…… 之后” 均不符。
A
解析：keep sth. for oneself 表示 “把某物留給自己”，符合兩兄弟欺騙皇帝的情節，sell “賣”、give “給”、return “歸還” 均不符。
B
解析：any other + 單數名詞表示 “其他任何一個”，用于同一范圍內比較；any + 單數名詞用于不同范圍，亞洲范圍內比較用 any other。
C
解析：the + 最高級表示 “最……”，deep 的最高級是 deepest，無需加 more，排除 D。
B
解析：It's hard to do sth. 是固定句型，用不定式 to breathe，故選 B。
A
解析：cut down forests 表示 “砍伐森林”，cut up “切碎”、cut off “切斷”、cut out “刪除” 均不符合語境。
A
解析：at birth 表示 “出生時”，是固定搭配，其他介詞不與 birth 構成此意。
A
解析：長江是世界上 “最長的” 河流之一，用 longest，shortest “最短”、deepest “最深”、highest “最高” 均不符。
C
解析：ever since + 過去時間點，用于現在完成時；when 引導過去時從句，此處主句為現在完成時，用 ever since。
B
解析：remind sb. of sth. 表示 “使某人想起”，是固定搭配，其他動詞無此用法。
B
解析：over=more than 表示 “超過”，后接具體數字，more 需與 than 連用，排除 A。
B
解析：can't wait to do sth. 表示 “迫不及待做某事”，用不定式 to read，故選 B。
B
解析：be close to 表示 “靠近”，后接地點；near 是介詞，直接接賓語，無需 be 動詞，排除 C。
B
解析：three quarters 表示 “四分之三”，quarter 用復數，fourth “第四” 不符合分數表達。
B
解析：outside of China 表示 “在中國之外”，新加坡的中餐屬于 “中國之外的中餐”，inside “內部” 不符。
C
解析：buy、borrow、lend 是短暫性動詞，不能與 for two weeks 連用；have 是延續性動詞，故選 C。
B
解析：give away sth. to... 表示 “把某物捐贈給……”，give up
21. B.
解析：give up 表示 “放棄”；give away 意為 “贈送；捐贈”，符合 “把舊玩具捐給兒童之家” 的語境；give out 表示 “分發；用盡”；give in 意為 “屈服”。
A.
解析：part with sth. 為固定搭配，意為 “與…… 分開；舍棄”，符合 “難過地舍棄最愛的玩偶” 的語義；其他選項（take、bring、get）均不與 “with” 構成此含義的搭配。
A.
解析：To be honest 是固定短語，意為 “說實話”，用于句首表坦白，屬于不定式作狀語的用法；其他選項（Being、Be、Been）均不構成該固定搭配。
B.
解析：yard sale 是固定短語，指 “庭院舊貨出售”，符合 “清理舊物” 的語境；其他選項（book、clothes、food）雖可與 “sale” 搭配，但與 “clear old things” 的場景不符。
25. A.
解析：no longer 為固定搭配，意為 “不再”，修飾動詞 “lives”，表示 “不再住在這里”；no long 搭配錯誤，far/further 不與 “no” 構成 “不再” 的含義。
26. B.
解析：由 “while” 引導的時間狀語從句中，主從句動作同時發生且持續，用過去進行時（was/were + doing）；主語 “she” 為第三人稱單數，故用 “was watching”。
C.
解析：
“when” 引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時（got home），主句表示 “當時正在做某事”，用過去進行時；主語 “my parents” 為復數，故用 “were cooking”。
28. A.
解析：“yesterday” 表明時態為一般過去時，“go bad”（變壞）的過去式為 “went”；其他選項（go、goes、going）時態不符。
29. C.
解析：have trouble (in) doing sth. 為固定結構，意為 “做某事有困難”，介詞 “in” 可省略，故用動名詞 “getting”。
30. A.
解析：with + 賓語 + 賓補（形容詞 / 介詞短語等） 構成獨立主格結構，表示伴隨狀態；“with the light on” 意為 “燈開著”，符合 “她開著燈睡著了” 的語境。
31. A.
解析：前后句為讓步關系，“盡管他年輕，但對歷史了解很多”，用Although引導讓步狀語從句；If（如果）表條件，When（當…… 時）表時間，Because（因為）表原因，均不符合邏輯。
32. B.
解析：由 “than before” 可知用比較級，“close” 的比較級為 “closer”，表示 “暴風雨讓人們比以前更親近”。
33. A.
解析：Could you please + 動詞原形 為固定句型，意為 “請你做…… 好嗎？”，故用 “close”。
A.
解析：Could you please... 用于禮貌請求，意為 “你能…… 嗎？”，符合 “請遞鹽” 的語境；Must（必須）、Need（需要）、Should（應該）均不表請求。
35. A.
解析：Neither...nor... 遵循 “就近原則”，謂語動詞與靠近的主語 “I” 一致，故用 “am”。
36. B.
解析：as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時（will call），從句用一般現在時表將來；主語 “he” 為第三人稱單數，故用 “arrives”。
37. B.
解析：It’s important to do sth. 為固定句型，意為 “做某事很重要”，用不定式 “to get” 作真正主語。
38. B.
解析：make it possible for sb. to do sth. 為固定結構，意為 “使某人做某事成為可能”，用不定式 “to go”。
39. C.
解析：keep doing sth. 為固定搭配，意為 “持續做某事”，故用動名詞 “reading”。
40. B.
解析：be surprised to do sth. 為固定結構，意為 “做某事感到驚訝”，用不定式 “to hear”。
41. B.
解析：tell sb. not to do sth. 為固定搭配，意為 “告訴某人不要做某事”，否定式在不定式前加 “not”，即 “not to be”。
42. A.
解析：“the two girls” 表明范圍為 “兩者”，Neither of... 表示 “兩者都不”，后接單數謂語；Both of... （兩者都）接復數謂語，與句中 “is” 不符；All/None 用于三者及以上。
43. C.
解析：由 “yet” 及答語 “Yes, I have.” 可知，問句用現在完成時（have/has + 過去分詞），主語 “you” 對應 “Have”。
44. C.
解析：“thinks it’s fantastic”（認為很棒）表明 “已讀過《金銀島》”，用現在完成時（has read），表示過去動作對現在的影響；reads/read/is reading 均不體現 “已完成” 的含義。
45. B.
解析：由 “have you been...” 及 “how long” 可知，問句詢問 “成為鄉村音樂粉絲多久了”，用How long（多久）提問時間段；How often（多久一次）問頻率，How far（多遠）問距離，How soon（多久以后）問將來時間。
46. B.
解析：the first people to do sth. 為固定結構，不定式 “to reach” 作后置定語，修飾 “the first people”，表示 “第一批到達山頂的人”。
47. A.
解析：make sb. do sth. 為固定搭配，意為 “使某人做某事”，用動詞原形 “think about”。
48. B.
解析：前句 “have never been” 為現在完成時的否定，答語表示 “我也沒去過”，用Me neither（= Neither have I）；Me too（我也是）用于肯定句，So have I 語序錯誤，Neither do I 時態不符（助動詞應為 “have”）。
49. C.
解析：“so far”（到目前為止）為現在完成時標志，結構為 “has/have + 過去分詞”，主語 “the singer” 為單數，故用 “has written”。
50. B.
解析：前后句為讓步關系，“盡管這本書很舊，但在世界范圍內仍很受歡迎”，用Although引導讓步狀語從句；Because（因為）表原因，So（所以）表結果，But（但是）不用于句首引導從句。
詞匯語法填空題
1. when
解析：句意為 “故事提醒我們，當面對困難時永不放棄”。when 引導時間狀語從句，符合 “面對困難時” 的語境。
2. moving
解析：continue doing sth. 表示 “繼續做某事”（持續同一件事），此處指愚公死后家人繼續移山，用動名詞形式。
3. magic
解析：形容詞 magic 修飾名詞 clothes，意為 “魔法的衣服”，此處無需變形。
4. more
解析：couldn’t get more 表示 “無法得到更多”，more 在此為形容詞比較級，指 “更多的” 白石子。
5. magic
解析：形容詞 magic 修飾名詞 stick，“magic stick” 表示 “金箍棒”，固定搭配。
6. of
解析：be made of 表示 “由…… 制成”（可見原材料），房子由面包和糖果制成，用介詞 of。
7. height
解析：定冠詞 the 后接名詞，high 的名詞形式為 height，“the height of” 表示 “…… 的高度”。
8. desert
解析：Sahara（撒哈拉）是單數沙漠，用名詞單數形式 desert。
9. billion
解析：billion 前有具體數字 1.4 時，用單數形式，“1.4 billion” 表示 “14 億”。
10. such as
解析：such as 后接多個例子（如 freezing weather 和 storms），for example 后通常接單個例子，用逗號隔開。
11. cut
解析：熊貓瀕危是因為人類砍伐森林，用一般現在時表示客觀事實，cut 的原形與主語 humans 一致。
12. eating
解析：spend time doing sth. 為固定搭配，“花費時間做某事”，用動名詞 eating。
13. to protect
解析：try to do sth. 表示 “努力做某事”，政府努力保護熊貓，用不定式 to protect。
14. ever since
解析：ever since + 過去時間點，主句用現在完成時（became 為一般過去時，此處強調從過去某時起的持續狀態）；when 引導時間狀語從句，時態需一致，此處更符合 “自從聽到歌后成為粉絲” 的語境。
15. reminds
解析：country music 為不可數名詞，作主語時謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式 reminds。
16. over
解析：over=more than，表示 “超過”，后接具體數字時 over 更常用，“over 1.2 億張唱片”。
17. put
解析：can’t put sth. down 為固定短語，意為 “對某物愛不釋手”，情態動詞 can’t 后接動詞原形。
18. island
解析：Singapore 是單數島嶼，用名詞單數 island。
19. quarters
解析：three 后接可數名詞復數，quarter 的復數為 quarters，“three quarters” 表示 “四分之三”。
20. all
解析：all year round 為固定搭配，意為 “一整年”；whole 前需加 the，如 “the whole year”。
21. already
解析：already 用于肯定句，表示 “已經”；yet 用于否定句或疑問句，此處為肯定句，用 already。
22. to read
解析：can’t wait to do sth. 為固定搭配，“迫不及待做某事”，用不定式 to read。
23. met
解析：Robinson 遇見 Friday 是過去的事，用一般過去時 meet 的過去式 met。
24. built
解析：魯濱遜在島上建房是過去的行為，用一般過去時 build 的過去式 built。
25. introduction
解析：定冠詞 the 后接名詞，introduce 的名詞形式為 introduction，“歌曲的介紹”。
26. yard
解析：yard sale 為固定短語，意為 “庭院舊貨出售”，用名詞作定語，用單數形式。
27. bring
解析：玩具帶來甜蜜回憶是現在的客觀情況，用一般現在時，主語 they 后接動詞原形 bring。
28. had
解析：“for three years” 為現在完成時標志，結構為 has/have + 過去分詞，have 的過去分詞為 had。
29. give
解析：decide to do sth. 為固定搭配，“決定做某事”，用動詞原形 give。
30. part
解析：be sad to do sth. 表示 “做某事感到難過”，part with sth. 為固定短語，“與某物分開”，用動詞原形。
31. To be
解析：to be honest 為固定短語，意為 “說實話”，位于句首首字母大寫。
32. longer
解析：no longer 為固定短語，意為 “不再”，修飾動詞 lives，表示老人不再住這里。
33. was sleeping
解析：while 引導的時間狀語從句中，兩個動作同時進行，用過去進行時 was sleeping，與主句的過去進行時 was helping 呼應。
34. were cooking
解析：when 引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，主句表示 “當時正在做飯”，用過去進行時 were cooking（parents 為復數）。
35. were
解析：the rest of + 復數名詞 students 作主語，謂語動詞用復數；yesterday 為過去時間，用 were。
36. getting
解析：have trouble doing sth. 為固定搭配，“做某事有困難”，用動名詞 getting。
37. with
解析：with the light on 為 “with + 賓語 + 賓補” 結構，表示 “燈開著”，作伴隨狀語。
38. Although
解析：although 引導讓步狀語從句，意為 “盡管”，句首首字母大寫，符合 “盡管年輕卻懂很多歷史” 的邏輯。
39. closer
解析：than 為比較級標志，close 的比較級為 closer，“風暴讓人們比以前更親近”。
40. close
解析：Could you please do sth. 為委婉請求，后接動詞原形 close，“請關窗”。
41. Could
解析：Could you... 表示委婉請求，句首首字母大寫，“請遞給我字典”。
42. am
解析：neither...nor... 遵循 “就近原則”，靠近謂語的主語是 I，用 am，“我和姐姐都不對下棋感興趣”。
43. arrives
解析：as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句用一般現在時表將來，主語 he 為第三人稱單數，用 arrives。
44. to learn
解析：It’s important to do sth. 為固定句型，“做某事很重要”，用不定式 to learn。
45. to understand
解析：make it possible for sb. to do sth. 為固定結構，“使某人可能做某事”，用不定式 to understand。
46. reading
解析：keep doing sth. 表示 “持續做某事”，學生每天堅持讀英語，用動名詞 reading。
47. to hear
解析：be surprised to do sth. 為固定搭配，“做某事感到驚訝”，用不定式 to hear。
48. not to be
解析：tell sb. not to do sth. 為固定結構，“告訴某人不要做某事”，用 not to be。
49. Neither
解析：neither of + 復數名詞表示 “兩者都不”，謂語動詞用單數 is，符合 “兩本書都沒趣” 的語境。
50. Have
解析：ever been to 為現在完成時標志，主語 you 對應助動詞 have，句首首字母大寫。
三、語法段落填空題
第一篇語法填空
1. called
解析：過去分詞作后置定語，修飾 “an old man”，表示 “被叫做愚公的老人”，相當于定語從句 “who was called Yu Gong”。
2. took
解析：時態為一般過去時，描述故事背景。“which” 指代 “two big mountains”，穿越兩座山 “花費很長時間” 是過去的事實，故用 “take” 的過去式 “took”。
3. to move
解析：固定搭配 “decide to do sth.”，表示 “決定做某事”，故填不定式 “to move”。
4. helped
解析：時態為一般過去時，故事中家人 “幫助他” 是過去發生的動作，用 “help” 的過去式 “helped”。
5. continue
解析：情態動詞 “could” 后接動詞原形，“continue” 表示 “繼續”，符合語境 “愚公相信家人在他死后能繼續移山”。
6. give
解析：否定助動詞 “don’t” 后接動詞原形，“give up” 為固定短語，意為 “放棄”。
7. shape
解析：“shape” 與 “size” 并列，均為名詞，指 “形狀和大小”。“72 changes” 表示 “七十二變”，改變的是外形和尺寸，故用單數形式。
8. magic
解析：形容詞修飾名詞 “stick”，“magic” 意為 “有魔力的”，“magic stick” 指 “金箍棒”。
9. hides
解析：時態為一般現在時，條件狀語從句 “unless” 中，主語 “he” 是第三人稱單數，故動詞 “hide” 用第三人稱單數形式 “hides”，表示 “除非他隱藏尾巴，否則不能變成人”。
10. teach
解析：時態為一般現在時，主語 “These stories” 是復數，動詞用原形 “teach”，描述故事傳達的道理。
第二篇語法填空
11. highest
解析：形容詞最高級，“the highest mountain” 表示 “世界上最高的山”，與 “in the world” 范圍對應。
12. freezing
解析：形容詞修飾名詞 “weather”，“freezing” 意為 “極冷的”，“freezing weather” 指 “嚴寒的天氣”，區別于 “frozen”（冷凍的）。
13. to reach
解析：不定式作后置定語，修飾 “the first people”，表示 “1953 年第一批到達山頂的人”，“the first + n. + to do” 為固定結構。
14. endangered
解析：形容詞修飾名詞 “animals”，“endangered” 意為 “瀕危的”，“endangered animals” 指 “瀕危動物”，區別于 “endangering”（危及的）。
15. eating
解析：固定搭配 “spend time (in) doing sth.”，表示 “花費時間做某事”，故填動名詞 “eating”，“spend 12 hours eating bamboo” 意為 “花 12 小時吃竹子”。
16. to save
解析：固定搭配 “try to do sth.”，表示 “努力做某事”，政府 “試圖拯救它們”，用不定式 “to save”。
17. island
解析：名詞單數，“a small island” 表示 “一個小島”，新加坡是單個島嶼，用單數形式。
18. quarters
解析：“three quarters” 表示 “四分之三”，固定表達，“quarter” 為可數名詞，復數加 “s”。
19. all
解析：“all year round” 為固定短語，意為 “全年”，“all” 強調整個時間段，而 “whole” 通常接 “the whole year”。
20. whenever
解析：連接副詞引導時間狀語從句，“whenever” 意為 “無論何時”，表示 “你可以隨時去參觀”，符合 “全年氣溫相同” 的語境。

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