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中小學(xué)教育資源及組卷應(yīng)用平臺
分層跟蹤檢測(二)Reading and Thinking
必備知識基礎(chǔ)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.He was determined 　　　　　　　　　　(take) up singing although his parents didn’t agree.
2.A city is the product of the human hand and mind,reflecting man’s 　　　　　　　(intelligent) and creativity.
3.I have a strong desire 　　　　　　　　　　(visit) the old village,where you can see the beautiful scenery.
4.The campaign of “building a green campus” 　　　　　　　　　　　　(launch) in our school recently.
5.Tom was 　　　　　　　(disappoint) that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
6.She says her club keeps members healthy,　　　　　　(mental) and physically.
7.While 　　　　　　(visit) the city,they received a warm welcome.
8.To be independent 　　　　　　my parents,I decided to seek my fortune in a big city.
9.The local government promised that in no case would it stop the efforts to provide 　　　　　　(universe) and low cost health care.
10.We will carry 　　　　　this good plan to promote our mushroom.
Ⅱ.短語填空
in the hope of,on board,go wrong,carry on,focus on
1.As the train was pulling out,the boy waved his hands to his parents 　　　　　　　　　　　　,with tears rolling down his cheeks.
2.He didn’t make any comments on the reason why he couldn’t 　　　　　　　　　　the conversation.
3.We returned to the playground 　　　　　　　　　　　　finding her wallet.
4.If you don’t follow the instructions carefully,things can easily 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.Students need to 　　　　　　　　　　　　their studies to get good grades.
Ⅲ.單句寫作
1.老師示意我們立刻離開教室。
The teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the classroom at once.
2.瑪麗·居里是第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學(xué)家。
Marie Curie is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Nobel Prize.
3.一切順利進(jìn)行,人們有了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會,這使他們能夠獨立于他人。
Everything running smoothly,more jobs are created for people to allow them to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　others.
4.令他們失望的是,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)教授的講座很難理解。
　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　,they found the lecture given by the professor difficult to understand.
5.為了不讓他們難過,我聽從了他們的建議。
I followed their advice so as 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
素養(yǎng)能力提升練
Ⅳ.閱讀理解
A
(2024吉林省吉林市高一下期末)
No civilization is complete without legends about outer space.Our need to challenge the limits of what we know has made humans try to discover new worlds.However,outer space exploration can’t be carried out without heavy investments (投資),which can sometimes become a burden for any country or institution.But this changed forever.
Blue Origin,the space exploration company founded by American Jeff Bezos,made history on Nov.23,2015.It successfully launched a rocket to the edge of space and brought it back to Earth for a safe landing.The rocket,named New Shepard,was the first successful reusable rocket in space flight history.The next step is to prove it can fly again,making sure it is indeed reusable.
“We’re getting closer to a new era of space tourism,” commented Discover magazine.Reusable rockets will help companies such as Blue Origin to achieve “a cost-saving means” of transporting humans into space and back,said the magazine.
Previously,whenever a rocket had been sent into orbit,it had always been destroyed or lost in the process.Even the space shuttle,which returned to the ground undamaged and on its own power,was only partly reusable.This problem has made a single launch mission extremely expensive.A completely reusable system makes space travel more affordable and sustainable (可持續(xù)的).
Elon Musk,founder of SpaceX and another big player in private space exploration,called the idea of a reusable system “the breakthrough needed to completely change access to space”.
According to an article in The Atlantic magazine,New Shepard’s success has ended “a private space race” between Bezos and Musk.However,according to Emily Calandrelli,host and producer of Xploration Outer Space on Fox,it is not completely fair “to compare the two companies’ achievements to date” because “their successes could be considered separate unique milestones on two different paths”.Blue Origin is aiming to sell directly to buyers (wealthy space tourists) while SpaceX is aiming to sell to large companies and the government (NASA,the Air Force).These two ideas require very different rockets.
1.Why is outer space exploration difficult to achieve
A.Because there are no legends about it.
B.Because it needs a lot of money.
C.Because there are no good rockets.
D.Because humans don’t have the technology.
2.Compared with the past,what do reusable rockets enable companies like Blue Origin to achieve
A.A newer means of space tourism.
B.A safer landing back to Earth.
C.A smaller investment to make profits.
D.Less competition with other companies.
3.What did Emily Calandrelli mean in the last paragraph
A.The two companies are similar in technologies.
B.The two companies haven’t ended their space race.
C.The two companies have different target customers.
D.The two companies have the same goals.
4.What can be the best title of the passage
A.The Rise of Private Space Exploration Companies
B.The New Form of Space Travel
C.Comparing Achievements in Private Space Exploration
D.The First Successful Reusable Rocket in Space Flight History
B
(2024山東濟(jì)南高一下期末)
We can see the moon every day,but in fact,humans have not been able to see the true face of the moon.For example,we all view the same side of it—the near side.So why don’t we ever see the far side of the moon
The secret behind this fascinating mystery is “tidal locking (潮汐鎖定)”.To better understand it,let’s imagine two friends holding hands and turning around.As they turn,they always face each other because they’re locked in position by their hands.Similarly,the moon is locked to Earth by tidal force,which means it takes just as long for the moon to turn about its axis (軸) as it does to go around Earth.As a result,we always see the same side of the moon from our position on Earth,while the opposite side,known as the far side or the dark side,remains hidden from view.
Now,you might be wondering why people use the term “dark side” when referring to the far side of the moon.Contrary to popular belief,the far side isn’t always in darkness.Like the near side,it experiences day and night.However,since we can’t observe it from Earth,it often lies in mystery,and thus it gets this name.
Although we’ll never see the far side of the moon directly from Earth,humanity has found ways to explore it.Several spacecrafts have taken photos which furthered our understanding of the lunar far side.In June 2024,China’s Chang’e 6 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon and sent back more closeup photos.It brought back soil and rocks collected from there,opening a new chapter in lunar exploration and enabling scientists to discover what they didn’t know about the moon.
There is still so much more to explore on the lunar far side.For example,the far side of the moon is a rare and quiet place free from radio signals reflecting from our planet,which allows scientists to study space phenomena with greater clarity,making it a perfect location for studying space using radio waves.
5.How does the writer explain “tidal locking” in paragraph 2
A.By analyzing data.
B.By quoting a study.
C.By giving an example.
D.By comparing findings.
6.What is a common misunderstanding of the far side of the moon
A.There lives unknown life.
B.It shouldn’t be disturbed.
C.It is visible from Earth.
D.There is no sunlight.
7.Why is Chang’e 6 mentioned in paragraph 4
A.To share a well-known legend.
B.To explain its working principle.
C.To promote an advanced technology.
D.To show efforts of lunar exploration.
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Hidden value of the lunar far side.
B.Detailed information of mysteries.
C.Special advantages of radio waves.
D.Brief reviews of moon exploration.
C
(2024福建廈門高一下期末)
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a planet where it rains sand,in ground-breaking observation.
The planet,WASP-107b,lying 200 light years away,was discovered in 2017 after astronomers spotted a distinct periodic light going on and off like a candle from its host star each time the planet passed in front of it.“It’s like a fly in front of a street lamp,” said Leen Decin,a professor at Institute of Astronomy of KU Leuven.“You see a slight dimming (變暗) of the light.”
While Webb’s instruments found signs of water vapour (水蒸氣) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on WASP-107b,they also found clouds of silicon dioxide (SiO2) that behave similar to water clouds on Earth,meaning that on WASP-107b,it rains sand.
The planet’s atmosphere would feature something like Earth’s water cycle,but instead with sand cycling between solid and gas states.From the hotter,lower levels of the atmosphere,silicate vapour would rise up,cool and form tiny sands,too small to see.Eventually,these clouds of sand dust would become thick enough that they begin to rain back down to the lower layers of the atmosphere.Below a certain level,the sand would transform into vapour,completing the cycle.
A central aim of the James Webb Space Telescope is to analyse the atmospheres of distant planets and search for biosignature gases that could show the presence of life.WASP-107b is not regarded as a likely candidate (候選),given its 1,000℃ climate and lack of a solid surface.However,the level of detail being got from targets like WASP-107b is seen as an encouraging sign.It’s the first time that we have been able to identify the chemical composition of clouds in the atmosphere of a distant planet,marking a significant leap in our understanding of the distant worlds.
“The universe has so many surprises,” said Decin.“I do imagine that there may be various different choices for life to form on another planet.It might be very different from something you know here on Earth.We have to broaden our imaginations.”
9.How did astronomers discover the planet WASP-107b
A.By monitoring the movement of a fly.
B.By studying the brightness of a street lamp.
C.By comparing the distance of planets.
D.By observing light change of its host star.
10.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The cycle of sand rain.
B.The development of vapour.
C.The feature of clouds.
D.The temperature of atmosphere.
11.What can we know about WASP-107b according to paragraph 5
A.It has the same atmosphere as Earth’s.
B.It has signs indicating the presence of water.
C.Its climate and surface conditions can’t support life.
D.Its chemical composition disables cloud formation.
12.What is Decin’s attitude to the possibility of life in the universe
A.Negative.　　　　　　B.Positive.
C.Cautious. D.Doubtful.
Ⅴ.七選五
(2024遼寧大連高一下期末)
Sometimes,it’s good to be bored
“I am dying of boredom,” complains the young wife Yelena in Chekhov’s 1897 play Uncle Vanya.Of course,if Yelena were around today,we know what she would do:pull out her smartphone and find something fun.Today it is easy to get rid of boredom.　1　
That is the finding of two fascinating recent studies.In one,researchers asked subjects to do something boring,like copying out numbers from a phone book,and then take tests of creative thinkings.The result 　2　.In the second study,subjects gave more answers to a word test than a non-bored control group after being forced to watch a dull screensaver.
“A restless mind hungers for stimulation,so boredom becomes a seeking state,” says Sandi Mann,the psychologist at the University of Central Lancashire.“　3　” Parents will tell you that kids with “nothing to do” will eventually invent some fun games to play — with a cardboard box,a light switch,whatever.
The problem the researchers worry about is that these days we don’t struggle to overcome these slow moments.Mann says,“　4　 This might relieve us temporarily,but it shuts down the deeper thinking.” So here is an idea:Instead of always avoiding boredom,embrace and face it.Sometimes,anyway.Mann has found she gets some of her best thinking done when she is driving her car and therefore can’t be distracted by her phone.
　5　 The good type inspires you to see what can come of it.The bad type,in contrast,tires you and makes you feel like you can’t be bothered to do anything.An important part of our modern task,then,is learning to evaluate these different types of boredom — to distinguish the useful kind from the harmful one.
A.And there is,of course,bad boredom.
B.Bored subjects came up with more creative ideas.
C.But what if boredom is a meaningful experience
D.These moments are a lot more valuable than expected.
E.Actually,tips on getting away from boredom are countless.
F.We try to kill every moment of boredom with mobile devices.
G.When not satisfied with your state,you’re seeking and engaged.
分層跟蹤檢測(二)Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.1.to take　2.intelligence　3.to visit　4.has been launched　5.disappointed　6.mentally　7.visiting　8.of
9.universal　10.out
Ⅱ.1.on board　2.carry on　3.in the hope of　4.go wrong
5.focus on
Ⅲ.1.signalled to us to leave　2.the first woman scientist to win　3.be independent of　4.To their disappointment　5.not to make them sad
Ⅳ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了太空飛行歷史上第一艘成功的可重復(fù)使用的火箭。
1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“However,outer space exploration can’t be carried out without heavy investments,which can sometimes become a burden for any country or institution.”可知,太空探索難以實現(xiàn)的原因是需要大量的資金投入。
2.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Reusable rockets will help companies such as Blue Origin to achieve ‘a(chǎn) cost-saving means’ of transporting humans into space and back,said the magazine.”可知,與過去相比,可重復(fù)使用的火箭使Blue Origin等公司能夠以較少的投資獲得利潤。
3.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Blue Origin is aiming to sell directly to buyers (wealthy space tourists) while SpaceX is aiming to sell to large companies and the government (NASA,the Air Force).These two ideas require very different rockets.”可知,Emily Calandrelli的意思是這兩家公司有不同的目標(biāo)客戶。
4.D　主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“太空飛行歷史上第一艘成功的可重復(fù)使用的火箭”。
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類無法看到月球背面的原因。
5.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“To better understand it...as it does to go around Earth.”可知,通過舉兩個朋友牽手轉(zhuǎn)身的例子來解釋潮汐鎖定。
6.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Now,you might be wondering why...it experiences day and night.”可知,一個普遍的誤解是月球的背面總是黑暗的、沒有陽光的。
7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In June 2024,China’s Chang’e 6...discover what they didn’t know about the moon.”可知,嫦娥六號通過特寫照片以及帶回收集的土壤和巖石來展示月球探索的成果。
8.A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“For example,the far side of the moon...studying space using radio waves.”可知,最后一段主要說明的是月球背面的隱藏價值。
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述美國宇航局太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆下沙雨的行星。
9.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The planet,WASP-107b...a slight dimming of the light.”可知,天文學(xué)家是通過觀察主行星的光變化發(fā)現(xiàn)WASP-107b行星的。
10.A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,本段主要介紹沙雨的循環(huán)。
11.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“A central aim of the James Webb...lack of a solid surface.”可知,WASP-107b行星的氣候和地表條件不適合生命生存。
12.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“I do imagine that there...broaden our imaginations.”可知,Decin對宇宙中存在生命的可能性持積極態(tài)度。
Ⅴ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了無聊的好處,兩項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)無聊可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力,并提出我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會區(qū)分好的無聊和糟糕的無聊。
1.C　上文提到“‘I am dying of boredom...it is easy to get rid of boredom.”指出人們討厭無聊,總是想擺脫無聊。C項與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,引出下文兩項研究的新發(fā)現(xiàn):無聊可以激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力,同時C項中“boredom is a meaningful experience”與下文中“That”構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系。
2.B　上文“In one,researchers asked subjects to do something boring,like copying out numbers from a phone book,and then take tests of creative thinkings.The result ”提到一項關(guān)于創(chuàng)造性思維的研究并提出問題。B項給出答案,說明在這項研究中無聊的受試者提出了更多有創(chuàng)造性的想法,上下文語意連貫。
3.G　上文提到“A restless mind hungers for stimulation,so boredom becomes a seeking state”,說明無聊會讓人尋求新的東西。G項與上文語意一致,也是心理學(xué)家Sandi Mann的觀點,說明無聊會激發(fā)人的探索和創(chuàng)新精神。同時下文“kids with ‘nothing to do’ will eventually invent some fun games to play — with a cardboard box,a light switch,whatever”對此進(jìn)行了舉例說明,上下文語意連貫。
4.F　設(shè)空句和下文“This might relieve us temporarily,but it shuts down the deeper thinking.”都是Mann的觀點,根據(jù)“This might relieve us temporarily”可知,設(shè)空句會提到一種暫時緩解無聊的方法。F項中提出我們用移動設(shè)備打發(fā)無聊,與下文“This”構(gòu)成指代關(guān)系,上下文語意連貫。
5.A　下文“The good type inspires you to see what can come of it.The bad type,in contrast,tires you and makes you feel like you can’t be bothered to do anything.”提到兩種不同類型的無聊。A項引出下文對兩種無聊類型的對比和討論,上下文語意連貫。
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