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【精品解析】四川省成都市2024屆高三下學期第三次診斷性檢測英語試卷

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【精品解析】四川省成都市2024屆高三下學期第三次診斷性檢測英語試卷

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四川省成都市2024屆高三下學期第三次診斷性檢測英語試卷
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
The news cycle is driving us to the edge of madness, so why not switch off, unplug and pick up a book We know you could use a laugh right now—and luckily, several thousands of you told us all about the books, stories and poems that make you laugh.
We took your votes and with the help of our panel(專家小組) of expert judges we created this list of 100 reads designed to make you laugh out loud. Want slice-of-life essays Loopy poetry Texts from famous literary figures Scroll down—we've got it all.
As with all our reader polls, this is a curated(精心籌劃的) list and not a straight-up popularity contest; unlike last year, you'll see the books are grouped into categories rather than ranked from one to 100 .
And, as always, there are a few things that didn't make the list—surprisingly, Shakespeare didn't get enough votes to make it to the semifinals. Then there were books that didn't quite stand the test of time, or were so new we couldn't tell whether they'd stand up.
Some of the authors on this list are incredibly popular, and you voted them in over and over again. Because space is limited, we try to hold each author to one spot on the list, but there are some exceptions such as Nora Ephron, who our judges thought was perfect.
And speaking of our judges, you will find a couple of their works on the list this year—we don't let judges vote for their own works, but readers loved works such as Samantha Irby's We Are Never Meeting In Real Life, so the panel agreed they should stay.
Laughter is the best medicine. Just click here and start reading!
1.How is the list of this year different from that of last year
A.More books are included.
B.It is made all by readers.
C.It mainly focuses on poetry.
D.The listed books are classified.
2.What can we learn about Nora Ephron
A.She fails to stand the test of time.
B.She is not so popular as other authors.
C.She gets more than one spot on the list.
D.She belongs to the panel of expert judges.
3.Why is We Are Never Meeting In Real Life kept on the list
A.It is written by a judge.
B.It reflects real life.
C.It gets enough readers' votes.
D.It attracts the experts.
【答案】1.D
2.C
3.C
【知識點】推理判斷題;細節理解題;文學藝術類;應用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章向讀者推薦了旨在引發開懷大笑的100本文學作品。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時,從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時,要根據題干中的關鍵詞,找準相關句、段的內容,再仔細對照,不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除,反之,則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時,要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測,必須忠實于原文,以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:審清題目要求;鎖定關鍵信息;挖掘隱含信息;排除干擾選項;把握語境情感;邏輯推理分析。
1.細節理解題。根據第三段中"As with all our reader polls, this is a curated (精心籌劃的) list and not a straight-up popularity contest; unlike last year, you'll see the books are grouped into categories rather than ranked from one to 100. (與我們所有的讀者投票一樣,這是一個精心策劃的榜單,而不是直接的人氣競賽;與去年不同的是,你會看到這些書被分成不同的類別,而不是從1到100的排名。)"可知,今年的榜單和去年不同的是所列出的書是分類的。故選D。
2.推理判斷題。根據第五段中"Because space is limited, we try to hold each author to one spot on the list, but there are some exceptions such as Nora Ephron, who our judges thought was perfect. (由于篇幅有限,我們盡量讓每位作者都在名單上占據一個位置,但也有一些例外,比如Nora Ephron,我們的評委認為她是完美的。)"可知,Nora Ephron在名單上得到了不止一個位置。故選C。
3.細節理解題。根據倒數第二段"And speaking of our judges, you will find a couple of their works on the list this year — we don't let judges vote for their own works, but readers loved works such as Samantha Irby'sWe Are Never Meeting In Real Life, so the panel agreed they should stay. (說到我們的評委,你會在今年的名單上發現他們的一些作品——我們不讓評委為他們自己的作品投票,但是讀者喜歡Samantha Irby的《我們在現實生活中從未見面》這樣的作品,所以評審團同意他們留下來。)"可知,因為《我們在現實生活中從未見面》得到了足夠多的讀者投票所以一直在榜單上。故選C。
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
Almost 40% of all global employment may be affected by AI, according to analysis by the International Monetary Fund. But don't be alarmed. That doesn't mean 40% jobs will disappear altogether. Instead, we're talking about humans working alongside AI tools, not being replaced by them.
Speaking at the 2023 World Economic Forum's Growth Summit, economist Richard Baldwin said, "AI won't take your job. It's somebody using AI that will take your job." This means that if you don't know how to work with AI, you're in a much riskier position—certainly compared to someone who knows how to use it to improve their job efficiency.
So, consider how you could start integrating AI into your everyday work. Can you use it to polish an email, for example Can you use it as a productivity tool ... If not, try your best to get to grips with it. There are tons of free (and paid) courses out there that can help you.
However, just knowing how to work effectively with AI is far from enough. It's also important to position yourself in the organization in line with the things that AIs can't do. Basically, think about how you can take on more responsibilities in the areas where human skills are still needed and will always be needed—areas like creativity, complex decision making, interpersonal relationships and so on. These are the areas where humans will continue to have the edge over machines. Anyone who wants to gain future workplace success should develop the relevant skills.
It's not surprising that change is uncomfortable. But today's workplaces are full of rapid and near-constant change. So, if change is something you struggle with, now is a good time to embrace and address that.
4.How may AI influence global employment in the future
A.It may cause severe job loss.
B.It may threaten people's safety.
C.It may change the way we work.
D.It may lessen peer competition.
5.What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A.AI helps us become more creative.
B.AI can hardly replace us in some areas.
C.AI is much less effective than we think.
D.AI is able to make complicated decisions.
6.What is the writer's attitude towards the challenges caused by AI
A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
7.What is the purpose of the text
A.To share experience of using AI in work.
B.To advise us to stay relevant in the age of AI.
C.To introduce different functions of generative AI.
D.To explain why we should improve our productivity.
【答案】4.C
5.B
6.A
7.B
【知識點】推理判斷題;說明文;社會現象類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了AI對全球就業的影響,并指出雖然AI可能會影響到許多工作,但并不意味著這些工作會完全消失,而是人們將和AI工具一起工作。文章建議人們要學習如何與AI有效合作,并思考如何在需要人類技能的領域承擔更多責任,以保持在職場中的競爭力。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及推理判斷題一種題型。做推理判斷題時,要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測,必須忠實于原文,以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:審清題目要求;鎖定關鍵信息;挖掘隱含信息;排除干擾選項;把握語境情感;邏輯推理分析。
4.推理判斷題。根據第一段"Almost 40% of all global employment may be affected by AI, according to analysis by the International Monetary Fund. But don't be alarmed. That doesn't mean 40% jobs will disappear altogether. Instead, we're talking about humans working alongside AI tools, not being replaced by them.(根據國際貨幣基金組織的分析,全球近40%的就業可能會受到人工智能的影響。但不要驚慌。這并不意味著40%的工作崗位將完全消失。相反,我們談論的是人類與人工智能工具一起工作,而不是被它們取代。)"可推知,人工智能可能會改變我們的工作方式。故選C。
5.推理判斷題。根據第四段"Basically, think about how you can take on more responsibilities in the areas where human skills are still needed and will always be needed — areas like creativity, complex decision making, interpersonal relationships and so on. These are the areas where humans will continue to have the edge over machines. Anyone who wants to gain future workplace success should develop the relevant skills.(基本上,你要考慮如何在那些仍然需要并且永遠需要人類技能的領域承擔更多的責任——比如創造力、復雜決策、人際關系等等。在這些領域,人類將繼續比機器有優勢。任何想要獲得未來職場成功的人都應該培養相關技能。)"可知,從第四段可以推斷出人工智能在某些領域很難取代我們。故選B。
6.推理判斷題。根據最后一段"It's not surprising that change is uncomfortable. But today's workplaces are full of rapid and near-constant change. So, if change is something you struggle with, now is a good time to embrace and address that.(改變讓人不舒服并不奇怪。但如今的工作場所充滿了快速且幾乎不間斷的變化。所以,如果改變是你掙扎的事情,現在是接受和解決它的好時機。)"可推知,作者對人工智能帶來的挑戰持積極態度。故選A。
7.推理判斷題。文章主要討論了AI對全球就業的影響,并指出雖然AI可能會影響到許多工作,但并不意味著這些工作會完全消失,而是人們將和AI工具一起工作。文章建議人們要學習如何與AI有效合作,并思考如何在需要人類技能的領域承擔更多責任,以保持在職場中的競爭力。因此,文章的主要目的是建議我們在AI時代保持相關性。故選B。
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
Social welfare programs, including quality early education, earned-income tax credit and health care, can change children's lives. More importantly, recent studies show the benefits from these programs strongly influence the next generation, lifting them out of poverty.
The long-term impact of prekindergarten is well established and widely known. 50 years ago, 123 three- and four-year-old African Americans from low-income families in Ypsilanti, Michigan took part in an experiment. About half attended a pioneering early education program called Perry Preschool, while the control group did not. Researchers have been able to track the lives of most of these children ever since. The kids who went to Perry Preschool did better in school, made more money, and were healthier than the control group.
The benefits of Perry Preschool didn't just stop with those children. A study published last summer by Nobel Prize-winning economist James Heckman and his colleagues takes the implications of Perry a giant step further. This research shows that the children of the Perry preschoolers are also better off because of their parents' experience.
As the Perry preschoolers grew up, they became better educated and developed greater socio-emotional skills than the control group. They became better parents. Their children grew up in harmonious two-parent families that made, on average, about $10,000 more a year. It was enough to lift many of them out of poverty. This healthy upbringing has had a long-lasting effect on the children of the Perry pared to the children of the control group, they were much less likely to have dropped out, and more likely to have graduated from high school.
Here's another example—A Norwegian study demonstrated the decades-long impact on babies who, during their first year, benefited from their mothers' having had the opportunity to sign up for free mother and child health care centers. In the following years, these youngsters grew taller and stayed in school longer than those whose mothers did not receive the same support. At 40 , they are in better health.
8.What do we know about Perry Preschool
A.It provided early quality education.
B.It divided the kids into two groups.
C.It received kids from all backgrounds.
D.It continued to track half of the kids' lives.
9.What does the underlined word "implications" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Truths. B.Assumptions. C.Effects. D.Suggestions.
10.What did the Perry Preschool experiment find
A.Perry preschoolers received less education.
B.It had no impact on the participants' children.
C.Early education could bring economic benefits.
D.The children of the control group became healthier.
11.What does the author want to convey through the text
A.Early quality education matters most.
B.Social welfare can break the cycle of poverty.
C.Wealth can be passed down through generations.
D.Parents are important in shaping future generation.
【答案】8.A
9.C
10.C
11.B
【知識點】推理判斷題;詞義猜測題;說明文;政治經濟類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了健全完善的社會保障制度,不僅可以改變一代人的人生軌跡,還會對下一代人產生深遠的影響,打破貧困的代際循環。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及推理判斷題和詞義猜測題兩種題型。做推理判斷題時,要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測,必須忠實于原文,以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:審清題目要求;鎖定關鍵信息;挖掘隱含信息;排除干擾選項;把握語境情感;邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據上下文推測詞義和語義的能力,突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有:利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推測。 利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會有對該詞進行解釋說明的短語或句子,利用它們猜詞義較容易 利用文章的邏輯關系答題。如并列、對比、因果、轉折關系等。
8.推理判斷題。根據第二段"About half attended a pioneering early education program called Perry Preschool, while the control group did not. Researchers have been able to track the lives of most of these children ever since. The kids who went to Perry Preschool did better in school, made more money, and were healthier than the control group. (大約一半的人參加了一個名為佩里幼兒園的開創性早期教育項目,而對照組沒有參加。從那時起,研究人員已經能夠跟蹤這些孩子的生活。與對照組相比,上佩里幼兒園的孩子在學校表現更好,賺更多的錢,也更健康。)"可知,佩里幼兒園提供早期優質教育。故選A。
9.詞義猜測題。文章劃線單詞下文講到"This research shows that the children of the Perry preschoolers are also better off because of their parents' experience. (新的研究表明,因為小時候接受過佩里學前教育,所以他們的孩子比起對照組的后代往往生活得更好)"可知,詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事對佩里項目的……有了更深層次的發現。結合第二段"About half attended a pioneering early education program called Perry Preschool, while the control group did not. Researchers have been able to track the lives of most of these children ever since. The kids who went to Perry Preschool did better in school, made more money, and were healthier than the control group. (大約一半的人參加了一個名為佩里幼兒園的開創性早期教育項目,而對照組沒有參加。從那時起,研究人員已經能夠跟蹤這些孩子的生活。與對照組相比,上佩里幼兒園的孩子在學校表現更好,賺更多的錢,也更健康。)"可推知,詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事對佩里項目的教育效果進行了更深層次的發現。因此,第三段中下劃線單詞的意思是"效果"。故選C。
10.推理判斷題。根據第四段"They became better parents. Their children grew up in harmonious two-parent families that made, on average, about $ 10,000 more a year. (他們成為了更好的父母。他們的孩子在和諧的雙親家庭中長大,平均每年多掙一萬美元)"可知,佩里早期教育可以帶來經濟利益。故選C。
11.推理判斷題。根據第一段"More importantly, recent studies show the benefits from these programs strongly influence the next generation, lifting them out of poverty. (更重要的是,最近的研究表明,這些項目的好處會對下一代產生巨大影響,幫助他們擺脫貧困。)"以及第四段講到"It was enough to lift many of them out of poverty. This healthy upbringing has had a long-lasting effect on the children of the Perry preschoolers. (這足以讓他們中的許多人擺脫貧困。這種健康的教養方式對佩里家學齡前兒童產生了持久的影響。)"可知,作者想通過本文傳達的是社會福利可以打破貧困的循環。故選B。
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
Profits from cutting down rainforests are surprisingly small. A freshly cleared square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest fetches an average price of only around $12. By contrast, the social costs of clearing it are huge. Some 500 tons of carbon dioxide are pumped into the atmosphere. By an estimate, that does $25,000 of harm by accelerating climate change.
Yet still the world's trees are disappearing. The senseless men cutting down trees receive the profits, but all 8 billion people on the planet pay for the costs. Clearly, if the owners of the rainforest were paid not to destroy it, everyone would be better off. If rainforests were in places with clear landownership and a firm rule of law, the world would no doubt already have funded such a deal. Sadly, they are not.
Local officials are often in league with the loggers, and may be loggers themselves. Consider Brazil. It had a leader, who sided with illegal loggers and ranchers(大農場主). He stopped fining forest criminals and told illegal miners on local reserves he would legalise the mining. On his watch the pace of deforestation rose by 60%. Local communities often refuse to follow the law and order since they see more benefit from deforestation than protecting it. And the land ownership is a mess. When it's unclear who owns a piece of land, it's unclear whom to pay to protect it, or whom to fine for destroying it.
Leadership matters. But even under better leaders, people living there should see benefits in protecting them. That will require a big, reliable flow of cash which should come from rich-country governments and from private firms buying carbon credits to make up for their emissions(排放).
Such carbon credits could be used to promote a greener local economy, and clean up local land registration. If there's enough cash, conditionally paid, locals will be encouraged to protect trees and less likely to elect irresponsible leaders. To preserve such a huge carbon sink—never mind the biodiversity it contains—this would be a bargain.
12.What does the author intend to tell in Paragraph 1
A.Climate change is accelerating.
B.Rainforest clearing is rather profitable.
C.Carbon dioxide is harmful to the atmosphere.
D.The costs of deforestation outweigh the profits.
13.What makes the world's trees disappear constantly
A.Clear landownership.
B.The absence of related law.
C.Profit-driving logging.
D.People's willingness to buy trees.
14.What is needed to protect the rainforest according to the author
A.More landownership funds.
B.Bringing in more private firms.
C.Awareness of saving biodiversity.
D.Paying the locals for the preservation efforts.
15.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.Cash for Saving Rainforests
B.Fight Illegal Logging in Brazil
C.Dilemmas of Rainforest Protection
D.Rainforest Deforestation and Climate Change
【答案】12.D
13.C
14.D
15.A
【知識點】細節理解題;段落大意;說明文;環境保護類;標題選擇
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益,然而利潤驅動的伐木讓世界上的樹木不斷消失。作者認為可以付錢給當地人保護雨林。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題,段落大意題和標題選擇題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時,從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時,要根據題干中的關鍵詞,找準相關句、段的內容,再仔細對照,不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除,反之,則是正確選項。做段落大意題時,注意確定主題句,主題句是段落中表達主要觀點或思想的句子,通常位于段落的開頭或結尾,偶爾也會出現在段落中間。由于主題句往往出現在段落的首尾,因此仔細閱讀段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的轉折詞和總結性語言常用來引入新的觀點或總結段落內容,對理解段落大意至關重要。在理解段落信息的基礎上,用簡潔的語言概括段落的主要內容。做標題選擇題時,注意關注首尾句,首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息,是判斷標題是否準確的重要依據。利用關鍵詞,文章中的關鍵詞匯、短語或句子往往與標題有緊密聯系,可以通過關鍵詞匯的匹配來縮小選擇范圍。語境理解,理解文章的整體語境和作者的態度傾向,有助于準確把握文章的主旨和標題的選擇方向。
12.段落大意題。根據第一段"Profits from cutting down rainforests are surprisingly small. A freshly cleared square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest fetches an average price of only around $ 12. By contrast, the social costs of clearing it are huge. Some 500 tons of carbon dioxide are pumped into the atmosphere. By an estimate, that does $ 25,000 of harm by accelerating climate change.(砍伐雨林的利潤少得驚人。一平方公里新砍伐的亞馬孫雨林的平均價格僅為12美元左右。相比之下,清理森林的社會成本是巨大的。大約500噸二氧化碳被排放到大氣中。據估計,這將加速氣候變化,造成2.5萬美元的損失)"可知,作者想在第一段中表達的是砍伐森林的成本大于收益。故選D。
13.細節理解題。根據第二段"Yet still the world's trees are disappearing. The senseless men cutting down trees receive the profits, but all 8 billion people on the planet pay for the costs.(然而,世界上的樹木仍然在消失。愚蠢的人砍伐樹木獲得利潤,但所有80億人在這個星球上支付成本)"可知,利潤驅動的伐木讓世界上的樹木不斷消失。故選C。
14.細節理解題。根據最后一段"If there's enough cash, conditionally paid, locals will be encouraged to protect trees and less likely to elect irresponsible leaders.(如果有足夠的現金,有條件地支付,當地人將被鼓勵保護樹木,而不太可能選出不負責任的領導人)"可知,保護雨林需要為保護工作付錢給當地人。故選D。
15.標題選擇題。根據最后一段"Such carbon credits could be used to promote a greener local economy, and clean up local land registration. If there's enough cash, conditionally paid, locals will be encouraged to protect trees and less likely to elect irresponsible leaders. To preserve such a huge carbon sink — never mind the biodiversity it contains — this would be a bargain.(這樣的碳信用額度可以用來促進更環保的地方經濟,并清理地方土地登記。如果有足夠的現金,有條件地支付,當地人將被鼓勵保護樹木,而不太可能選出不負責任的領導人。為了保護如此巨大的碳匯——更不用說它所包含的生物多樣性了——這將是一筆很劃算的交易)"結合文章主要說明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益,然而利潤驅動的伐木讓世界上的樹木不斷消失。作者認為可以付錢給當地人保護雨林??芍?,A選項"拯救熱帶雨林的現金"最符合文章標題。故選A。
(2024·成都模擬) 七選五
There's no doubt that loneliness hurts. Functional MRIs show that the area of the brain triggered by social rejection is the same area that's triggered by physical pain. To understand why loneliness hurts, let's take a closer look at friendship through the eyes of two heavyweight philosophers.
In one corner we have Aristotle, who wrote that without friends, there's no reason to live. The Greek great believed that friendships are based on the virtues of the friend.  16.   But the problem with Aristotle's theory is that if you lose some virtues, you should also expect to lose some friends. And that's not how friendships work - at least not the good ones.  17.  
So as a sharp counterpunch to Aristotle, let's turn to the renowned Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, who said that all people have value regardless of their virtues. Since we view our true friends with this kind of unconditional love and respect, we can assume they view us the same way.  18.   Being away from our friends takes away these life-affirming interactions. Worse, having no friends means our value, or dignity, isn't being appreciated.
 19.   This may seem obvious, but there's a catch. Your connection has to be oriented (以……為方向) toward the other person - not in what they can do for you and your loneliness. So say hi to a neighbor, hold the door for someone, or volunteer at the soup kitchen.  20.   However, they'll help you feel more connected to the world. And the more of these small steps you take toward connection, the farther away from loneliness you'll get.
A. This may sound fine at first. B. They last through thick and thin. C. This tells us why loneliness hurts. D. These acts may not make you a lifelong friend. E. The more friends you have, the happier you'll be. F. We feel like we're not accepted by the people around us. G. Thus, the cure for loneliness can be found in other people.
【答案】16.A;17.B;18.C;19.G;20.D
【知識點】說明文;七選五;社會文化類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過兩位重量級哲學家看待友誼的觀點來理解為什么孤獨會傷害人。備選項的中文意思: A. 乍聽之下這似乎不錯。B. 它們(友誼)能經受住艱難困苦的考驗。C. 這解釋了孤獨為何令人痛苦。D. 這些行為未必能讓你結交終身摯友。E. 朋友越多,你就越快樂。F. 我們會感到自己未被周圍人接納。G. 因此,孤獨的解藥在于他人。
【點評】考查任務型閱讀(七選五)。解題技巧如下:1. 看首段,跳過空格快速通讀全篇,了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在,首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。2. 首先快速瀏覽一遍七個備選答案,先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精讀空格前后兩句,利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。七選五空出的是整個句子,而這些句子與句子之間,必然有一種聯系,因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯性,從而選擇正確的答案。考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。4. 看選項,找出與空前空后句中心詞同義,近義或相關性的詞語。實現關鍵詞的對接,先易后難,各個突破。此外要通過句子的邏輯關系或句子的標點來判斷該句在文章的位置。5. 解題的關鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。尤其要注意代詞,連詞等。如表示轉折關系的but,though, however 等。6. 做完后,通讀全文。將所選項放入空白處,通讀一遍,看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系,是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。
16.根據空前的"The Greek great believed that friendships are based on the virtues of the friend. (這位希臘偉人認為,友誼是建立在朋友的美德之上的。)"可知,亞里士多德認為友誼建立在美德之上,根據空后的"But the problem with Aristotle's theory is that if you lose some virtues, you should also expect to lose some friends. (但亞里士多德理論的問題在于,如果你失去了一些美德,你也會失去一些朋友。)"可知,亞里士多德認為如果失去了美德就會失去一些朋友,結合but可知,空處與下文內容為轉折關系,A選項"This may sound fine at first. (乍聽之下這似乎不錯。)"講述的內容承接了上文,且與空后的內容為轉折關系。故選A。
17.根據空前的"And that's not how friendships work — at least not the good ones. (友誼不是這樣的——至少好的友誼不是這樣的。)"可知,友誼不是這樣的,由此可知推斷,此處講述的是好的友誼是什么樣子的,B選項"They last through thick and thin. (它們(友誼)能經受住艱難困苦的考驗。)"講述的內容承接空前內容,其中的they指代的是friendships。故選B。
18.根據空前的"So as a sharp counterpunch to Aristotle, let's turn to the renowned Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, who said that all people have value regardless of their virtues. Since we view our true friends with this kind of unconditional love and respect, we can assume they view us the same way. (因此,作為對亞里士多德的有力反擊,讓我們轉向著名的啟蒙哲學家伊曼努爾·康德,他說,所有人都有價值,不管他們的美德如何。既然我們用這種無條件的愛和尊重來看待我們真正的朋友,我們可以假設他們也以同樣的方式看待我們。)"可知,康德認為我們所有人都是有價值的,而且是把這種無條件的愛和尊重來看待我們真正的朋友,結合空后的"Being away from our friends takes away these life-affirming interactions. Worse, having no friends means our value, or dignity, isn't being appreciated. (遠離我們的朋友帶走了這些肯定生活的互動。更糟糕的是,沒有朋友意味著我們的價值或尊嚴沒有得到賞識。)"可知,空處應承上啟下,C選項"This tells us why loneliness hurts. ( 這解釋了孤獨為何令人痛苦。)"中的this指代的為空前的內容,且引出下文中沒有朋友會產生的影響。故選C。
19.分析語篇可知,此處應為本段的主題句,根據空后的"This may seem obvious, but there's a catch. Your connection has to be oriented (以……為方向) toward the other person — not in what they can do for you and your loneliness. (這似乎是顯而易見的,但有一個陷阱。你們的關系必須以對方為導向——而不是他們能為你和你的孤獨做些什么。)"可知,此處講述的是他人可以治療我們的孤獨,G選項"Thus, the cure for loneliness can be found in other people. (因此,孤獨的解藥在于他人。)"講述的內容與空后內容吻合,且該選項講述的內容為空后的this指代的內容。故選G。
20.根據空前的"So say hi to a neighbor, hold the door for someone, or volunteer at the soup kitchen. (所以跟鄰居打個招呼,幫別人扶一下門,或者在施粥處做志愿者。)"可知,此處介紹的是如何建立與他人的聯系,根據空后的"However, they'll help you feel more connected to the world. (然而,它們會讓你感覺與世界的聯系更緊密。)"可知,空處講述的內容與空后的內容為轉折關系,D選項"These acts may not make you a lifelong friend. (這些行為未必能讓你結交終身摯友。)"中的These acts指代空前的行為,且與空后的內容為轉折關系。故選D。
(2024·成都模擬) 完形填空
If you walk around the Rahway Trail (小路) in the South Mountain Reservation, you might spot more than leaves, trees and squirrels. Fairies (精靈) might live among the leaves. Small 21. are hidden in the tree trunks and branches—a surprisingly 22. sight in an otherwise normal-looking forest.
The fairy homes were not built by 23. creatures, but by volunteers. The idea came from a woman named Therese Ojibway, who 10 years ago 24. her son, who has autism (自閉癥), to have a safe space to 25. in nature.
"So, she 26. this Rahway Trail, now known as the Fairy Trail, and started leaving fairy homes 27. , so that when they came, he had something they could look for and over time she 28. filling it up even more," said Julie Gould, one of the trail keepers.
Ojibway and her son moved out of the area a few years ago, but their fairy trail 29. . Gould and Kelly, officially asked to become the "Makers and Keepers" of the trail, 30. to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers.
Kids visiting the Fairy Trail can spend hours 31. the nearly 100 tiny homes, but 32. , they might not see fairies. "We don't always see them since they're 33. ," explained Kelly. "But really you should see when they ride on the backs of the squirrels ... So for us to be able to provide 34. for them is just wonderful."
Still, kids 35. to see the fairies—and sometimes they' re convinced they have. If they don't, it is 36. a day well spent out in nature. "This is really about a magical 37. when you come here ... it touches your hearts, and it gives you a sense of imagination, 38. and creativity," Gould said. "That's how we get paid. We get paid when we get to 39. with the children, who come here and it made their day. This is just a 40. place for them."
21.A. leaves B. squirrels C. cottages D. kids
22.A. common B. comfortable C. sweet D. pitiful
23.A. imaginary B. intelligent C. primitive D. tiny
24.A. allowed B. wanted C. begged D. commanded
25.A. share B. search C. occupy D. explore
26.A. found B. followed C. hiked D. surrounded
27.A. by accident B. here and there
C. in a hurry D. day and night
28.A. admitted B. avoided C. risked D. kept
29.A. faded B. survived C. remained D. twisted
30.A. continue B. struggle C. intend D. happen
31.A. breaking into B. tearing down
C. looking for D. setting up
32.A. unfortunately B. hopefully
C. unexpectedly D. deliberately
33.A. innocent B. shy C. adorable D. fictional
34.A. food B. suggestions C. homes D. privacy
35.A. manage B. pretend C. hesitate D. attempt
36.A. hardly B. actually C. likely D. still
37.A. feeling B. impression C. promise D. creature
38.A. justice B. identity
C. accomplishment D. wonder
39.A. negotiate B. reason C. interact D. compete
40.A. magical B. typical C. secret D. temporary
【答案】21.C;22.C;23.A;24.B;25.D;26.A;27.B;28.D;29.C;30.A;31.C;32.A;33.B;34.C;35.D;36.D;37.A;38.D;39.C;40.A
【知識點】名詞辨析;形容詞的詞義辨析;動詞的詞義辨析;故事閱讀類;記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了在South Mountain Reservation的一條小路上發現了許多小木屋,這些小木屋是由一個名叫Therese Ojibway的女士為她患有自閉癥的兒子建造的。
【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章,跳過缺失的單詞,再根據上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義,最后對選項進行對比分析,選出正確選項。完形填空旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文,把握大意。在開始答題之前,應先通讀全文,了解文章的主題和大致內容。這樣有助于理解作者的意圖,把握文章的整體思路,為后續的填空選擇提供正確的方向。二、仔細分析,逐一排查。對于每一個空,要仔細分析所給的選項,逐一排查,選出最符合文意的答案。通常情況下,完形填空中會有幾個空白需要填寫形容詞、副、名詞等,要注意所填的詞要與句子前后內容相符。三、結合上下文,理解語義。有時候僅從一個空所在的句子很難確定正確的答案,這時需要結合上下文,理解整體的語義環境。通過對前后的語境分析,確定一個合理的答案。四、注意語法結構。完形填空中涉及的語法知識較多,如時態、語態、詞性等。在選擇答案時,要仔細考慮語法結構是否正確。
21.句意:小木屋隱藏在樹干和樹枝中——在這片看起來正常的森林里,這是一幅令人驚訝的甜蜜景象。A. leaves樹葉;B. squirrels松鼠;C. cottages小屋;D. kids孩子。根據第四段中"to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers"可知,森林里有很多小木屋。故選C。
22.句意:小木屋隱藏在樹干和樹枝中——在這片看起來正常的森林里,這是一幅令人驚訝的甜蜜景象。A. common普通的;B. comfortable舒服的;C. sweet甜蜜的;D. pitiful可憐的。根據前文"you might spot more than leaves, trees and squirrels. Fairies(精靈) might live among the leaves. Small ____1____ are hidden in the tree trunks and branches"可知,這是一幅令人驚訝的甜蜜景象。故選C。
23.句意:這些童話般的家園不是由想象出來的生物建造的,而是由志愿者建造的。A. imaginary想象的;B. intelligent聰明的;C. primitive原始的;D. tiny微小的。根據后文"but by volunteers"可知,這些童話般的家園不是由想象出來的生物建造的。故選A。
24.句意:這個想法來自一位名叫Therese Ojibway的婦女,她在10年前希望她患有自閉癥的兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。A. allowed允許;B. wanted想要,希望;C. begged乞求;D. commanded命令。根據后文"to have a safe space to ____5____ in nature"可知,這位母親希望她兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。故選B。
25.句意:這個想法來自一位名叫Therese Ojibway的婦女,她在10年前希望她患有自閉癥的兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。A. share分享;B. search尋找;C. occupy占有;D. explore探索。根據后文"in nature"及第五段中"Kids visiting the Fairy Trail can spend hours ____11____ the nearly 100 tiny homes"可知,這位母親希望她兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。故選D。
26.句意:"所以,她找到了這條拉威小徑,現在被稱為仙女小徑,并開始到處留下仙女的家,這樣當他們來的時候,他就有了他們可以尋找的東西,隨著時間的推移,她不斷地把它填滿,"小徑管理員之一Julie Gould說。A. found找到;B. followed跟隨;C. hiked徒步;D. surrounded包圍。根據后文"started leaving fairy homes ____7____"可知,這位母親找到了這條小徑,并開始建造仙女童話家園。故選A。
27.句意:"所以,她找到了這條拉威小徑,現在被稱為仙女小徑,并開始到處留下仙女的家,這樣當他們來的時候,他就有了他們可以尋找的東西,隨著時間的推移,她不斷地把它填滿,"小徑管理員之一Julie Gould說。A. by accident偶然;B. here and there到處;C. in a hurry匆忙;D. day and night日夜。根據后文"over time she ____8____ filling it up even more"可知,隨著時間的推移,這位母親不斷地把它填滿,說明她開始到處建造仙女童話家園。故選B。
28.句意:"所以,她找到了這條拉威小徑,現在被稱為仙女小徑,并開始到處留下仙女的家,這樣當他們來的時候,他就有了他們可以尋找的東西,隨著時間的推移,她不斷地把它填滿,"小徑管理員之一Julie Gould說。A. admitted允許;B. avoided避免;C. risked冒險;D. kept保持,不斷。根據后文"filling it up even more"可知,這位母親持續地建造。故選D。
29.句意:Ojibway和她的兒子幾年前搬出了這個地區,但他們的童話故事依然存在。A. faded褪色;B. survived存活;C. remained仍然在;D. twisted扭曲。根據前文"Ojibway and her son moved out of the area a few years ago, but their fairy trail"可知,前后轉折,雖然人離開了這里,但他們建造的童話家園仍然存在。故選C。
30.句意:Gould和Kelly被正式要求成為這條小徑的"制造者和守護者",他們繼續與志愿者一起為仙女們建造小木屋。A. continue繼續;B. struggle掙扎;C. intend打算;D. happen發生。根據后文"to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers"可知,Gould和Kelly繼續與志愿者們一起建造這些小木屋。故選A。
31.句意:參觀仙女小徑的孩子們可以花幾個小時尋找近100個小房子,但不幸的是,他們可能看不到仙女。A. breaking into闖入;B. tearing down拆掉;C. looking for尋找;D. setting up建立。根據后文"the nearly 100 tiny homes"及第三段中"so that when they came, he had something they could look for"可知,這樣當孩子們來的時候,他們可以尋找這些小木屋。故選C。
32.句意:參觀仙女小徑的孩子們可以花幾個小時尋找近100個小房子,但不幸的是,他們可能看不到仙女。A. unfortunately不幸地;B. hopefully有希望地;C. unexpectedly難以預料地;D. deliberately故意地。根據前文"but"和下文"they might not see fairies"可知,孩子們肯定看不到仙女,作者幽默地表達這是不幸的。故選A。
33.句意:"因為它們很害羞,所以我們不經??吹剿鼈儯? Kelly解釋說。A. innocent天真的;B. shy害羞的;C. adorable喜歡的;D. fictional虛構的。根據前文"they might not see fairies"可知,孩子們看不到仙女,說明仙女是害羞的,不愿出來。故選B。
34.句意:但你真的應該看看它們騎在松鼠背上的時候……所以對我們來說,能夠為他們提供住房真是太棒了。A. food食物;B. suggestions建議;C. homes家;D. privacy隱私。根據第四段中"____10____ to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers"可知,孩子們繼續與志愿者一起為仙女們建造小木屋,說明能夠為他們提供住所真是太好了。故選C。
35.句意:盡管如此,孩子們還是試圖看到仙女們——有時他們確信自己看到了。A. manage設法完成;B. pretend假裝;C. hesitate猶豫;D. attempt嘗試。根據常識和下文"and sometimes they're convinced they have"可知,有時孩子們確信他們看到了,說明孩子們還是試圖看到仙女。故選D。
36.句意:如果他們不這樣做,這一天仍然是在大自然中度過的。A. hardly幾乎不;B. actually事實上;C. likely可能地;D. still仍然。根據下文"a day well spent out in nature"可知,這仍然是在大自然中度過的一天。故選D。
37.句意:Gould說:"當你來到這里時,這真的是一種神奇的感覺……它觸動了你的心靈,給了你想象力、奇跡和創造力。"A. feeling感覺;B. impression印象;C. promise承諾;D. creature生物。根據下文"it touches your hearts, and it gives you a sense of imagination, ____18____ and creativity"可知,這是一種神奇的感覺。故選A。
38.句意:Gould說:"當你來到這里時,這真的是一種神奇的感覺……它觸動了你的心靈,給了你想象力、奇跡和創造力。"A. justice公正;B. identity身份;C. accomplishment成就;D. wonder奇跡。根據前文"This is really about a magical ____17____ when you come here"及"a sense of imagination"和后文"and creativity"可知,這里是個神奇的地方,能夠給予想象力、奇跡和創造力的感覺。故選D。
39.句意:"我們就是這樣得到報酬的。當我們與孩子們互動時,我們就得到了報酬,他們來到這里,這是他們的一天。對他們來說,這是一個神奇的地方。"A. negotiate協商;B. reason推理;C. interact互動;D. compete競爭。根據常識和下文"who come here and it made their day"可知,孩子們來到這里,度過了快樂的一天,說明我們要和孩子們互動。故選C。
40.句意:"我們就是這樣得到報酬的。當我們與孩子們互動時,我們就得到了報酬,他們來到這里,這是他們的一天。對他們來說,這是一個神奇的地方。"A. magical有魔力的;B. typical典型的;C. secret秘密的;D. temporary暫時的。根據前文"Still, kids ____15____ to see the fairies — and sometimes they're convinced they have."可知,孩子們試圖看到仙女,說明這對他們來說是一個神奇的地方。故選A。
(2024·成都模擬) 短文填空
The famous composer Ludwig van Beethoven did not inherit much musical talent from his ancestors, according to a new study. Researchers say the findings are a good example of how  41.   (we) DNA doesn't determine what talents will be developed in life.
The researchers examined Beethoven's DNA using a hair sample  42.   (collect) during a separate study last year. Their goal was to explore his genetic predisposition (傾向) for music,  43.   is closely tied to musical ability.  44.   (do) this, they compared Beethoven's DNA with that of nearly 14,500 other individuals in databanks. With his genetic information, they calculated a polygenic(多基因的)score  45.   a sign of his predisposition for musical talent.
"Interestingly, Beethoven, one of the  46.   (well-known) musicians in history, had an unremarkable score for general musicality— 47.   (rank) around the top 10% of people based on modern samples," said Tara Henechowicz from the team.
The authors who published the study in Current Biology said it would be wrong to conclude that Beethoven had little talent, but it does highlight the problems in making predictions based  48.   (pure) on DNA.
"The mismatch between the DNA-based forecast and Beethoven's musical genius  49.   (provide) a valuable teaching moment because it demonstrates that DNA tests cannot give us a final answer about  50.   a given child will end up being musically gifted," said Ms. Henechowicz.
【答案】41.our;42.collected;43.which;44.To do;45.as;46.best-known;47.ranking;48.purely;49.provides/has provided;50.whether
【知識點】形容詞性物主代詞;分詞;非限制性定語從句;說明文;人物傳記類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究,研究表明著名作曲家貝多芬并沒有從他的祖先那里遺傳到多少音樂天賦。
【點評】考查語法填空。本題考點涉及代詞,非謂語動詞,定語從句,介詞,形容詞,副詞,時態,主謂一致以及賓語從句等多個知識點的考查。要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上,進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系,并結合相關語法知識,進行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。語法填空實用解題策略如下。一、分析句子結構。在面對語法填空題時,首先要做的是分析句子的結構。觀察句子中的主語、謂語、賓語等主要成分,以及是否有從句、非謂語動詞等復雜結構。通過理解句子結構,可以更好地把握填空處所需的詞性和功能。二、確定詞性變化。根據句子結構和語境,確定填空處所需的詞性。然后,根據語法規則,考慮所需的詞性是否需要進行變化,如名詞的單復數、動詞的時態和語態、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級等。確保所填詞匯在語法上與句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢記固定搭配。英語中存在大量的固定搭配和短語,這些搭配在語法填空題中經常出現。因此,需要牢記常見的固定搭配和短語,以便在解題時能夠迅速識別并正確填空。四、注意時態語態。時態和語態是英語語法填空的重要考點。在解題時,要注意根據句子的語境和上下文,判斷所需動詞的時態和語態。同時,也要注意時態和語態的一致性,確保所填詞匯與句子的時態和語態相符。五、理解上下文語境。語境對于語法填空題的解答至關重要。通過理解句子的上下文,可以更好地理解填空處所需的詞匯和語法結構。因此,在解題時,要仔細閱讀句子的前后文,把握句子的整體意義,以便更好地填空。六、利用常識和邏輯。在某些情況下,可以利用常識和邏輯來解答語法填空題。例如,根據常識判斷所填詞匯是否符合常理,或者根據邏輯判斷所填詞匯是否與前后的句子內容相符合。通過利用常識和邏輯,可以更加準確地填空。
41.句意:研究人員表示,這一發現很好地例證了我們的 DNA 并不能決定生活中會發展出什么才能。
空處在句中做前置定語修飾名詞DNA,空處表示"我們的",our,形容詞性物主代詞,符合語境。故填our。
42.句意:研究人員使用了去年在另一項研究中收集的一根頭發樣本檢查了貝多芬的DNA。空處為非謂語且在句中作后置定語修飾名詞短語hair sample,動詞collect與其邏輯主語hair sample構成邏輯上的被動關系,故空處應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填collected。
43.句意:他們的目標是探索他在音樂方面的遺傳傾向,這與音樂能力密切相關??仗幰龑Х窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句,先行詞為music,且在非限制性定語從句中作主語,指物,故空處應用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句。故填which。
44.句意:為了做到這一點,他們將貝多芬的DNA與數據庫中近14,500個其他人的 DNA 進行了比較??仗帪榉侵^語且在句中做目的狀語,故空處應用動詞不定式,句首首字母應大寫。故填To do。
45.句意:根據他的基因信息,他們計算出了一個多基因分數,作為他音樂天賦傾向的標志。此處表示"作為……的標志",as a sign of,固定短語,符合語境。故填as。
46.句意:有趣的是,貝多芬,這位歷史上最著名的音樂家之一,在一般音樂性方面的得分并不引人注目——根據現代樣本,他的排名在前 10%左右。此處表示"最......的......之一",為固定搭配:one+of+
the+形容詞的最高級+可數名詞的復數形式,故空處應用形容詞well-known的最高級best-known。故填best-known。
47.句意:有趣的是,貝多芬,這位歷史上最著名的音樂家之一,在一般音樂性方面的得分并不引人注目——根據現代樣本,他的排名在前 10%左右。空處為非謂語且在句中作狀語,動詞range與其邏輯主語Beethoven構成邏輯上的主動關系,故空處應用現在分詞作狀語。故填ranking。
48.句意:發表在《當代生物學》上的研究報告的作者說,得出貝多芬沒有多少天賦的結論是錯誤的,但這確實凸顯了僅根據 DNA 做出預測的問題??仗幵诰渲凶鳡钫Z修飾形容詞based,空處表示"純粹地,完全地",purely,副詞,符合語境。故填purely。
49.句意:基于 DNA 的預測與貝多芬的音樂天才之間的不匹配提供了一個有價值的教學時刻,因為它表明DNA測試不能給我們關于一個給定的孩子最終是否會在音樂方面有天賦的最終答案??仗帪榫渥拥闹^語,此處描述的是目前存在的的狀況,應用一般現在時,主語為The mismatch,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式,填provides。也可用現在完成時態強調過去的動作對現在的影響,主語為The mismatch,助動詞用has。填 has provided。故填provides/has provided。
50.句意:基于 DNA 的預測與貝多芬的音樂天才之間的不匹配提供了一個有價值的教學時刻,因為它表明DNA測試不能給我們關于一個給定的孩子最終是否會在音樂方面有天賦的最終答案。空處在句中引導賓語從句,且賓語從句中不缺少成分,空處表示"是否",whether,連接代詞,符合語境。故填whether。
51.(2024·成都模擬) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文, 請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯誤, 每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加 : 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號 (^), 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意: 1. 每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞。2. 只允許修改 10 處,多者 (從第 11 處起)不計分。
In a supermarket, I saw a foreigner, that was confused at the counter for some time. I went over and found that he can't pay online for his souvenirs. I offered to help, but he showed me a payment screen on his phone. I taught him step by step, and soon, the bill paid. As he realized how convenience it could be, his puzzling expression changed into amazement. He thanked me with broken Chinese. He waved goodbye and disappeared into the crowd. I watched him to leave, feeling happy that I could help someone enjoy her stay in my country without worries.
【答案】①that→ who ②can't→ couldn't ③but → and/so ④a→ the ⑤bill后面加was ⑥convenience→ convenient ⑦puzzling→ puzzled ⑧with→ in ⑨him后面去掉to ⑩her →his
【知識點】一般過去時;表因果關系的連詞;非限制性定語從句;故事閱讀類;記敘文
【解析】【分析】1.句意:在一家超市里,我看到一個外國人,他在柜臺前困惑了一會兒。逗號后為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為foreigner,指代人,作主語,應用關系代詞who引導。故將that改為who。
2.句意:我過去看了看,發現他不能在網上買紀念品。根據前后文可知,本句描述過去發生的事情,用一般過去時,謂語動詞用過去式。故將can't改為couldn't。
3.句意:我主動提出幫忙,他給我看了他手機上的付款界面。后文和前文不是轉折關系,是并列關系或因果關系。故將but改為and/so。
4.句意:我主動提出幫忙,他給我看了他手機上的付款界面。名詞payment screen由介詞短語on his phone修飾,為特指概念,應用定冠詞限定。故將a改為the。
5.句意:我一步一步地教他,很快,賬單就付清了。動詞pay和主語之間是被動關系,本句描述過去發生的事情,用一般過去時的被動語態。主語the bill為單數。故在paid前加was。
6.句意:當他意識到這是多么方便時,他困惑的表情變成了驚訝。how修飾形容詞convenient作be的表語。故將convenience改為convenient。
7.句意:當他意識到這是多么方便時,他困惑的表情變成了驚訝。修飾與人的感受有關的名詞expression,應用ed結尾的形容詞,表示"困惑的(因困惑而產生的)"。故將puzzling改為puzzled。
8.句意:他用蹩腳的中文向我道謝。表示"用某種語言"應用介詞in。故將with改為in。
9.句意:我看著他離開,感到很高興,我可以幫助別人享受到他在我的國家沒有后顧之憂。watch sb do sth,句型中應用不帶to不定式作賓補。故去掉him后面的to。
10. 句意:我看著他離開,感到很高興,我可以幫助別人享受到他在我的國家沒有后顧之憂。指代前文someone,并且前文中提到的him是男人,物主代詞應用his。故將her改為his。
【點評】考查短文改錯。本題涉及定語從句,時態,連詞,冠詞,語態,形容詞,非謂語動詞,介詞以及代詞等多個知識點的考查,是一篇記敘文,覆蓋面廣,綜合性強,難度適中,區分度高,文章主要介紹了作者一次購物時幫助外國朋友使用手機付款的故事。短文改錯要求考生從語篇入手,理解文章大意,審查句子結構。答題時,不僅要注意語法和用詞方面的錯誤,還要注意篇章結構方面的錯誤。在多數情況下,判斷是否有錯誤不能只看某個詞語本身,甚至不能只看某個句子本身,而要弄清文章的含義以及內在的邏輯關系,再根據上下文去判斷。著重注意一下幾個方面??淳渥咏Y構是否完整;看文中的習慣用法、固定搭配是否正確;看上下文的邏輯是否合理;看主謂是否一致,時態是否正確,冠詞、代詞、連詞、名詞的數和格、介詞、形容詞、副詞使用是否得當。
52.(2024·成都模擬) 近年來,中國的交通發展極大地改善了人民的生活。你校將舉辦以 "Transportation Development Is Changing Our Life"為主題的英語演講比賽, 請寫一篇演講稿參賽。
注意: 詞數 100 左右。
Ladies and gentlemen,
【答案】略
【知識點】文字式應用文
【解析】【分析】本題是一篇應用文寫作,要求考生寫一篇題為" Transportation Development Is
Changing Our Life "的英語演講稿參加學校即將舉辦的演講比賽。寫作背景:考生的學校即將舉辦關于交通對生活影響的主題演講比賽。內容包括:1. 闡述演講主題;2. 具體闡述交通對生活各個方面產生的積極影響;3. 表達期待。注意:1. 時態以現在完成時為主;2.注意不要遺漏寫作要點,詳略得當,可適當拓展,突出寫作重點;3. 注意語句表達規范流暢,邏輯正確,條理清晰,語義連貫;4. 不能使用真實的名稱;5. 寫作詞數為100個左右。本題對于考生的綜合能力要求較高,要求考生有很強的謀篇布局的能力和組織要點的能力。需要注意緊扣文章主題,給出的要點都需要包括。寫作時注意準確運用時態,上下文意思連貫,符合邏輯關系。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式,同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使作文顯得更有檔次。
【點評】本篇書面表達表達上要做到要點齊全,上下文連貫,應使用一定數量的句式結構,讓句子表達更加生動傳神,同時應使用較多的高級詞匯和固定短語,提高文章的檔次,體現對英語書面表達熟練的駕馭能力??梢允褂玫谋磉_如下,例如: Today, I stand here to share how China's transportation revolution is transforming our daily lives.(運用了how引導的賓語從句);Over the past decade, China has built the world's largest high-speed rail network, connecting even remote areas. (運用了現在分詞短語作狀語);My grandparents in a rural village now reach Beijing in just 5 hours – a journey that once took days. (運用了that引導的限制性定語從句);It has shortened distances, enabling us to visit friends and relatives more frequently.(運用了現在分詞短語作狀語);Road construction has expanded rapidly, with new highways and bridges making it easier for cars and trucks to traverse the country.(運用了with的復合結構);As we continue to progress, I am confident that the future of transportation will bring even more exciting changes. (運用了that引導的賓語從句)。
1 / 1四川省成都市2024屆高三下學期第三次診斷性檢測英語試卷
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
The news cycle is driving us to the edge of madness, so why not switch off, unplug and pick up a book We know you could use a laugh right now—and luckily, several thousands of you told us all about the books, stories and poems that make you laugh.
We took your votes and with the help of our panel(專家小組) of expert judges we created this list of 100 reads designed to make you laugh out loud. Want slice-of-life essays Loopy poetry Texts from famous literary figures Scroll down—we've got it all.
As with all our reader polls, this is a curated(精心籌劃的) list and not a straight-up popularity contest; unlike last year, you'll see the books are grouped into categories rather than ranked from one to 100 .
And, as always, there are a few things that didn't make the list—surprisingly, Shakespeare didn't get enough votes to make it to the semifinals. Then there were books that didn't quite stand the test of time, or were so new we couldn't tell whether they'd stand up.
Some of the authors on this list are incredibly popular, and you voted them in over and over again. Because space is limited, we try to hold each author to one spot on the list, but there are some exceptions such as Nora Ephron, who our judges thought was perfect.
And speaking of our judges, you will find a couple of their works on the list this year—we don't let judges vote for their own works, but readers loved works such as Samantha Irby's We Are Never Meeting In Real Life, so the panel agreed they should stay.
Laughter is the best medicine. Just click here and start reading!
1.How is the list of this year different from that of last year
A.More books are included.
B.It is made all by readers.
C.It mainly focuses on poetry.
D.The listed books are classified.
2.What can we learn about Nora Ephron
A.She fails to stand the test of time.
B.She is not so popular as other authors.
C.She gets more than one spot on the list.
D.She belongs to the panel of expert judges.
3.Why is We Are Never Meeting In Real Life kept on the list
A.It is written by a judge.
B.It reflects real life.
C.It gets enough readers' votes.
D.It attracts the experts.
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
Almost 40% of all global employment may be affected by AI, according to analysis by the International Monetary Fund. But don't be alarmed. That doesn't mean 40% jobs will disappear altogether. Instead, we're talking about humans working alongside AI tools, not being replaced by them.
Speaking at the 2023 World Economic Forum's Growth Summit, economist Richard Baldwin said, "AI won't take your job. It's somebody using AI that will take your job." This means that if you don't know how to work with AI, you're in a much riskier position—certainly compared to someone who knows how to use it to improve their job efficiency.
So, consider how you could start integrating AI into your everyday work. Can you use it to polish an email, for example Can you use it as a productivity tool ... If not, try your best to get to grips with it. There are tons of free (and paid) courses out there that can help you.
However, just knowing how to work effectively with AI is far from enough. It's also important to position yourself in the organization in line with the things that AIs can't do. Basically, think about how you can take on more responsibilities in the areas where human skills are still needed and will always be needed—areas like creativity, complex decision making, interpersonal relationships and so on. These are the areas where humans will continue to have the edge over machines. Anyone who wants to gain future workplace success should develop the relevant skills.
It's not surprising that change is uncomfortable. But today's workplaces are full of rapid and near-constant change. So, if change is something you struggle with, now is a good time to embrace and address that.
4.How may AI influence global employment in the future
A.It may cause severe job loss.
B.It may threaten people's safety.
C.It may change the way we work.
D.It may lessen peer competition.
5.What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A.AI helps us become more creative.
B.AI can hardly replace us in some areas.
C.AI is much less effective than we think.
D.AI is able to make complicated decisions.
6.What is the writer's attitude towards the challenges caused by AI
A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
7.What is the purpose of the text
A.To share experience of using AI in work.
B.To advise us to stay relevant in the age of AI.
C.To introduce different functions of generative AI.
D.To explain why we should improve our productivity.
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
Social welfare programs, including quality early education, earned-income tax credit and health care, can change children's lives. More importantly, recent studies show the benefits from these programs strongly influence the next generation, lifting them out of poverty.
The long-term impact of prekindergarten is well established and widely known. 50 years ago, 123 three- and four-year-old African Americans from low-income families in Ypsilanti, Michigan took part in an experiment. About half attended a pioneering early education program called Perry Preschool, while the control group did not. Researchers have been able to track the lives of most of these children ever since. The kids who went to Perry Preschool did better in school, made more money, and were healthier than the control group.
The benefits of Perry Preschool didn't just stop with those children. A study published last summer by Nobel Prize-winning economist James Heckman and his colleagues takes the implications of Perry a giant step further. This research shows that the children of the Perry preschoolers are also better off because of their parents' experience.
As the Perry preschoolers grew up, they became better educated and developed greater socio-emotional skills than the control group. They became better parents. Their children grew up in harmonious two-parent families that made, on average, about $10,000 more a year. It was enough to lift many of them out of poverty. This healthy upbringing has had a long-lasting effect on the children of the Perry pared to the children of the control group, they were much less likely to have dropped out, and more likely to have graduated from high school.
Here's another example—A Norwegian study demonstrated the decades-long impact on babies who, during their first year, benefited from their mothers' having had the opportunity to sign up for free mother and child health care centers. In the following years, these youngsters grew taller and stayed in school longer than those whose mothers did not receive the same support. At 40 , they are in better health.
8.What do we know about Perry Preschool
A.It provided early quality education.
B.It divided the kids into two groups.
C.It received kids from all backgrounds.
D.It continued to track half of the kids' lives.
9.What does the underlined word "implications" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Truths. B.Assumptions. C.Effects. D.Suggestions.
10.What did the Perry Preschool experiment find
A.Perry preschoolers received less education.
B.It had no impact on the participants' children.
C.Early education could bring economic benefits.
D.The children of the control group became healthier.
11.What does the author want to convey through the text
A.Early quality education matters most.
B.Social welfare can break the cycle of poverty.
C.Wealth can be passed down through generations.
D.Parents are important in shaping future generation.
(2024·成都模擬) 閱讀理解
Profits from cutting down rainforests are surprisingly small. A freshly cleared square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest fetches an average price of only around $12. By contrast, the social costs of clearing it are huge. Some 500 tons of carbon dioxide are pumped into the atmosphere. By an estimate, that does $25,000 of harm by accelerating climate change.
Yet still the world's trees are disappearing. The senseless men cutting down trees receive the profits, but all 8 billion people on the planet pay for the costs. Clearly, if the owners of the rainforest were paid not to destroy it, everyone would be better off. If rainforests were in places with clear landownership and a firm rule of law, the world would no doubt already have funded such a deal. Sadly, they are not.
Local officials are often in league with the loggers, and may be loggers themselves. Consider Brazil. It had a leader, who sided with illegal loggers and ranchers(大農場主). He stopped fining forest criminals and told illegal miners on local reserves he would legalise the mining. On his watch the pace of deforestation rose by 60%. Local communities often refuse to follow the law and order since they see more benefit from deforestation than protecting it. And the land ownership is a mess. When it's unclear who owns a piece of land, it's unclear whom to pay to protect it, or whom to fine for destroying it.
Leadership matters. But even under better leaders, people living there should see benefits in protecting them. That will require a big, reliable flow of cash which should come from rich-country governments and from private firms buying carbon credits to make up for their emissions(排放).
Such carbon credits could be used to promote a greener local economy, and clean up local land registration. If there's enough cash, conditionally paid, locals will be encouraged to protect trees and less likely to elect irresponsible leaders. To preserve such a huge carbon sink—never mind the biodiversity it contains—this would be a bargain.
12.What does the author intend to tell in Paragraph 1
A.Climate change is accelerating.
B.Rainforest clearing is rather profitable.
C.Carbon dioxide is harmful to the atmosphere.
D.The costs of deforestation outweigh the profits.
13.What makes the world's trees disappear constantly
A.Clear landownership.
B.The absence of related law.
C.Profit-driving logging.
D.People's willingness to buy trees.
14.What is needed to protect the rainforest according to the author
A.More landownership funds.
B.Bringing in more private firms.
C.Awareness of saving biodiversity.
D.Paying the locals for the preservation efforts.
15.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.Cash for Saving Rainforests
B.Fight Illegal Logging in Brazil
C.Dilemmas of Rainforest Protection
D.Rainforest Deforestation and Climate Change
(2024·成都模擬) 七選五
There's no doubt that loneliness hurts. Functional MRIs show that the area of the brain triggered by social rejection is the same area that's triggered by physical pain. To understand why loneliness hurts, let's take a closer look at friendship through the eyes of two heavyweight philosophers.
In one corner we have Aristotle, who wrote that without friends, there's no reason to live. The Greek great believed that friendships are based on the virtues of the friend.  16.   But the problem with Aristotle's theory is that if you lose some virtues, you should also expect to lose some friends. And that's not how friendships work - at least not the good ones.  17.  
So as a sharp counterpunch to Aristotle, let's turn to the renowned Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, who said that all people have value regardless of their virtues. Since we view our true friends with this kind of unconditional love and respect, we can assume they view us the same way.  18.   Being away from our friends takes away these life-affirming interactions. Worse, having no friends means our value, or dignity, isn't being appreciated.
 19.   This may seem obvious, but there's a catch. Your connection has to be oriented (以……為方向) toward the other person - not in what they can do for you and your loneliness. So say hi to a neighbor, hold the door for someone, or volunteer at the soup kitchen.  20.   However, they'll help you feel more connected to the world. And the more of these small steps you take toward connection, the farther away from loneliness you'll get.
A. This may sound fine at first. B. They last through thick and thin. C. This tells us why loneliness hurts. D. These acts may not make you a lifelong friend. E. The more friends you have, the happier you'll be. F. We feel like we're not accepted by the people around us. G. Thus, the cure for loneliness can be found in other people.
(2024·成都模擬) 完形填空
If you walk around the Rahway Trail (小路) in the South Mountain Reservation, you might spot more than leaves, trees and squirrels. Fairies (精靈) might live among the leaves. Small 21. are hidden in the tree trunks and branches—a surprisingly 22. sight in an otherwise normal-looking forest.
The fairy homes were not built by 23. creatures, but by volunteers. The idea came from a woman named Therese Ojibway, who 10 years ago 24. her son, who has autism (自閉癥), to have a safe space to 25. in nature.
"So, she 26. this Rahway Trail, now known as the Fairy Trail, and started leaving fairy homes 27. , so that when they came, he had something they could look for and over time she 28. filling it up even more," said Julie Gould, one of the trail keepers.
Ojibway and her son moved out of the area a few years ago, but their fairy trail 29. . Gould and Kelly, officially asked to become the "Makers and Keepers" of the trail, 30. to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers.
Kids visiting the Fairy Trail can spend hours 31. the nearly 100 tiny homes, but 32. , they might not see fairies. "We don't always see them since they're 33. ," explained Kelly. "But really you should see when they ride on the backs of the squirrels ... So for us to be able to provide 34. for them is just wonderful."
Still, kids 35. to see the fairies—and sometimes they' re convinced they have. If they don't, it is 36. a day well spent out in nature. "This is really about a magical 37. when you come here ... it touches your hearts, and it gives you a sense of imagination, 38. and creativity," Gould said. "That's how we get paid. We get paid when we get to 39. with the children, who come here and it made their day. This is just a 40. place for them."
21.A. leaves B. squirrels C. cottages D. kids
22.A. common B. comfortable C. sweet D. pitiful
23.A. imaginary B. intelligent C. primitive D. tiny
24.A. allowed B. wanted C. begged D. commanded
25.A. share B. search C. occupy D. explore
26.A. found B. followed C. hiked D. surrounded
27.A. by accident B. here and there
C. in a hurry D. day and night
28.A. admitted B. avoided C. risked D. kept
29.A. faded B. survived C. remained D. twisted
30.A. continue B. struggle C. intend D. happen
31.A. breaking into B. tearing down
C. looking for D. setting up
32.A. unfortunately B. hopefully
C. unexpectedly D. deliberately
33.A. innocent B. shy C. adorable D. fictional
34.A. food B. suggestions C. homes D. privacy
35.A. manage B. pretend C. hesitate D. attempt
36.A. hardly B. actually C. likely D. still
37.A. feeling B. impression C. promise D. creature
38.A. justice B. identity
C. accomplishment D. wonder
39.A. negotiate B. reason C. interact D. compete
40.A. magical B. typical C. secret D. temporary
(2024·成都模擬) 短文填空
The famous composer Ludwig van Beethoven did not inherit much musical talent from his ancestors, according to a new study. Researchers say the findings are a good example of how  41.   (we) DNA doesn't determine what talents will be developed in life.
The researchers examined Beethoven's DNA using a hair sample  42.   (collect) during a separate study last year. Their goal was to explore his genetic predisposition (傾向) for music,  43.   is closely tied to musical ability.  44.   (do) this, they compared Beethoven's DNA with that of nearly 14,500 other individuals in databanks. With his genetic information, they calculated a polygenic(多基因的)score  45.   a sign of his predisposition for musical talent.
"Interestingly, Beethoven, one of the  46.   (well-known) musicians in history, had an unremarkable score for general musicality— 47.   (rank) around the top 10% of people based on modern samples," said Tara Henechowicz from the team.
The authors who published the study in Current Biology said it would be wrong to conclude that Beethoven had little talent, but it does highlight the problems in making predictions based  48.   (pure) on DNA.
"The mismatch between the DNA-based forecast and Beethoven's musical genius  49.   (provide) a valuable teaching moment because it demonstrates that DNA tests cannot give us a final answer about  50.   a given child will end up being musically gifted," said Ms. Henechowicz.
51.(2024·成都模擬) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文, 請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯誤, 每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加 : 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號 (^), 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意: 1. 每處錯誤及修改均僅限一詞。2. 只允許修改 10 處,多者 (從第 11 處起)不計分。
In a supermarket, I saw a foreigner, that was confused at the counter for some time. I went over and found that he can't pay online for his souvenirs. I offered to help, but he showed me a payment screen on his phone. I taught him step by step, and soon, the bill paid. As he realized how convenience it could be, his puzzling expression changed into amazement. He thanked me with broken Chinese. He waved goodbye and disappeared into the crowd. I watched him to leave, feeling happy that I could help someone enjoy her stay in my country without worries.
52.(2024·成都模擬) 近年來,中國的交通發展極大地改善了人民的生活。你校將舉辦以 "Transportation Development Is Changing Our Life"為主題的英語演講比賽, 請寫一篇演講稿參賽。
注意: 詞數 100 左右。
Ladies and gentlemen,
答案解析部分
【答案】1.D
2.C
3.C
【知識點】推理判斷題;細節理解題;文學藝術類;應用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章向讀者推薦了旨在引發開懷大笑的100本文學作品。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時,從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時,要根據題干中的關鍵詞,找準相關句、段的內容,再仔細對照,不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除,反之,則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時,要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測,必須忠實于原文,以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:審清題目要求;鎖定關鍵信息;挖掘隱含信息;排除干擾選項;把握語境情感;邏輯推理分析。
1.細節理解題。根據第三段中"As with all our reader polls, this is a curated (精心籌劃的) list and not a straight-up popularity contest; unlike last year, you'll see the books are grouped into categories rather than ranked from one to 100. (與我們所有的讀者投票一樣,這是一個精心策劃的榜單,而不是直接的人氣競賽;與去年不同的是,你會看到這些書被分成不同的類別,而不是從1到100的排名。)"可知,今年的榜單和去年不同的是所列出的書是分類的。故選D。
2.推理判斷題。根據第五段中"Because space is limited, we try to hold each author to one spot on the list, but there are some exceptions such as Nora Ephron, who our judges thought was perfect. (由于篇幅有限,我們盡量讓每位作者都在名單上占據一個位置,但也有一些例外,比如Nora Ephron,我們的評委認為她是完美的。)"可知,Nora Ephron在名單上得到了不止一個位置。故選C。
3.細節理解題。根據倒數第二段"And speaking of our judges, you will find a couple of their works on the list this year — we don't let judges vote for their own works, but readers loved works such as Samantha Irby'sWe Are Never Meeting In Real Life, so the panel agreed they should stay. (說到我們的評委,你會在今年的名單上發現他們的一些作品——我們不讓評委為他們自己的作品投票,但是讀者喜歡Samantha Irby的《我們在現實生活中從未見面》這樣的作品,所以評審團同意他們留下來。)"可知,因為《我們在現實生活中從未見面》得到了足夠多的讀者投票所以一直在榜單上。故選C。
【答案】4.C
5.B
6.A
7.B
【知識點】推理判斷題;說明文;社會現象類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了AI對全球就業的影響,并指出雖然AI可能會影響到許多工作,但并不意味著這些工作會完全消失,而是人們將和AI工具一起工作。文章建議人們要學習如何與AI有效合作,并思考如何在需要人類技能的領域承擔更多責任,以保持在職場中的競爭力。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及推理判斷題一種題型。做推理判斷題時,要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測,必須忠實于原文,以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:審清題目要求;鎖定關鍵信息;挖掘隱含信息;排除干擾選項;把握語境情感;邏輯推理分析。
4.推理判斷題。根據第一段"Almost 40% of all global employment may be affected by AI, according to analysis by the International Monetary Fund. But don't be alarmed. That doesn't mean 40% jobs will disappear altogether. Instead, we're talking about humans working alongside AI tools, not being replaced by them.(根據國際貨幣基金組織的分析,全球近40%的就業可能會受到人工智能的影響。但不要驚慌。這并不意味著40%的工作崗位將完全消失。相反,我們談論的是人類與人工智能工具一起工作,而不是被它們取代。)"可推知,人工智能可能會改變我們的工作方式。故選C。
5.推理判斷題。根據第四段"Basically, think about how you can take on more responsibilities in the areas where human skills are still needed and will always be needed — areas like creativity, complex decision making, interpersonal relationships and so on. These are the areas where humans will continue to have the edge over machines. Anyone who wants to gain future workplace success should develop the relevant skills.(基本上,你要考慮如何在那些仍然需要并且永遠需要人類技能的領域承擔更多的責任——比如創造力、復雜決策、人際關系等等。在這些領域,人類將繼續比機器有優勢。任何想要獲得未來職場成功的人都應該培養相關技能。)"可知,從第四段可以推斷出人工智能在某些領域很難取代我們。故選B。
6.推理判斷題。根據最后一段"It's not surprising that change is uncomfortable. But today's workplaces are full of rapid and near-constant change. So, if change is something you struggle with, now is a good time to embrace and address that.(改變讓人不舒服并不奇怪。但如今的工作場所充滿了快速且幾乎不間斷的變化。所以,如果改變是你掙扎的事情,現在是接受和解決它的好時機。)"可推知,作者對人工智能帶來的挑戰持積極態度。故選A。
7.推理判斷題。文章主要討論了AI對全球就業的影響,并指出雖然AI可能會影響到許多工作,但并不意味著這些工作會完全消失,而是人們將和AI工具一起工作。文章建議人們要學習如何與AI有效合作,并思考如何在需要人類技能的領域承擔更多責任,以保持在職場中的競爭力。因此,文章的主要目的是建議我們在AI時代保持相關性。故選B。
【答案】8.A
9.C
10.C
11.B
【知識點】推理判斷題;詞義猜測題;說明文;政治經濟類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了健全完善的社會保障制度,不僅可以改變一代人的人生軌跡,還會對下一代人產生深遠的影響,打破貧困的代際循環。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及推理判斷題和詞義猜測題兩種題型。做推理判斷題時,要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測,必須忠實于原文,以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據,使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意:審清題目要求;鎖定關鍵信息;挖掘隱含信息;排除干擾選項;把握語境情感;邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據上下文推測詞義和語義的能力,突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有:利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推測。 利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會有對該詞進行解釋說明的短語或句子,利用它們猜詞義較容易 利用文章的邏輯關系答題。如并列、對比、因果、轉折關系等。
8.推理判斷題。根據第二段"About half attended a pioneering early education program called Perry Preschool, while the control group did not. Researchers have been able to track the lives of most of these children ever since. The kids who went to Perry Preschool did better in school, made more money, and were healthier than the control group. (大約一半的人參加了一個名為佩里幼兒園的開創性早期教育項目,而對照組沒有參加。從那時起,研究人員已經能夠跟蹤這些孩子的生活。與對照組相比,上佩里幼兒園的孩子在學校表現更好,賺更多的錢,也更健康。)"可知,佩里幼兒園提供早期優質教育。故選A。
9.詞義猜測題。文章劃線單詞下文講到"This research shows that the children of the Perry preschoolers are also better off because of their parents' experience. (新的研究表明,因為小時候接受過佩里學前教育,所以他們的孩子比起對照組的后代往往生活得更好)"可知,詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事對佩里項目的……有了更深層次的發現。結合第二段"About half attended a pioneering early education program called Perry Preschool, while the control group did not. Researchers have been able to track the lives of most of these children ever since. The kids who went to Perry Preschool did better in school, made more money, and were healthier than the control group. (大約一半的人參加了一個名為佩里幼兒園的開創性早期教育項目,而對照組沒有參加。從那時起,研究人員已經能夠跟蹤這些孩子的生活。與對照組相比,上佩里幼兒園的孩子在學校表現更好,賺更多的錢,也更健康。)"可推知,詹姆斯·赫克曼和他的同事對佩里項目的教育效果進行了更深層次的發現。因此,第三段中下劃線單詞的意思是"效果"。故選C。
10.推理判斷題。根據第四段"They became better parents. Their children grew up in harmonious two-parent families that made, on average, about $ 10,000 more a year. (他們成為了更好的父母。他們的孩子在和諧的雙親家庭中長大,平均每年多掙一萬美元)"可知,佩里早期教育可以帶來經濟利益。故選C。
11.推理判斷題。根據第一段"More importantly, recent studies show the benefits from these programs strongly influence the next generation, lifting them out of poverty. (更重要的是,最近的研究表明,這些項目的好處會對下一代產生巨大影響,幫助他們擺脫貧困。)"以及第四段講到"It was enough to lift many of them out of poverty. This healthy upbringing has had a long-lasting effect on the children of the Perry preschoolers. (這足以讓他們中的許多人擺脫貧困。這種健康的教養方式對佩里家學齡前兒童產生了持久的影響。)"可知,作者想通過本文傳達的是社會福利可以打破貧困的循環。故選B。
【答案】12.D
13.C
14.D
15.A
【知識點】細節理解題;段落大意;說明文;環境保護類;標題選擇
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益,然而利潤驅動的伐木讓世界上的樹木不斷消失。作者認為可以付錢給當地人保護雨林。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題,段落大意題和標題選擇題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時,從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時,要根據題干中的關鍵詞,找準相關句、段的內容,再仔細對照,不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除,反之,則是正確選項。做段落大意題時,注意確定主題句,主題句是段落中表達主要觀點或思想的句子,通常位于段落的開頭或結尾,偶爾也會出現在段落中間。由于主題句往往出現在段落的首尾,因此仔細閱讀段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的轉折詞和總結性語言常用來引入新的觀點或總結段落內容,對理解段落大意至關重要。在理解段落信息的基礎上,用簡潔的語言概括段落的主要內容。做標題選擇題時,注意關注首尾句,首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息,是判斷標題是否準確的重要依據。利用關鍵詞,文章中的關鍵詞匯、短語或句子往往與標題有緊密聯系,可以通過關鍵詞匯的匹配來縮小選擇范圍。語境理解,理解文章的整體語境和作者的態度傾向,有助于準確把握文章的主旨和標題的選擇方向。
12.段落大意題。根據第一段"Profits from cutting down rainforests are surprisingly small. A freshly cleared square kilometer of the Amazon rainforest fetches an average price of only around $ 12. By contrast, the social costs of clearing it are huge. Some 500 tons of carbon dioxide are pumped into the atmosphere. By an estimate, that does $ 25,000 of harm by accelerating climate change.(砍伐雨林的利潤少得驚人。一平方公里新砍伐的亞馬孫雨林的平均價格僅為12美元左右。相比之下,清理森林的社會成本是巨大的。大約500噸二氧化碳被排放到大氣中。據估計,這將加速氣候變化,造成2.5萬美元的損失)"可知,作者想在第一段中表達的是砍伐森林的成本大于收益。故選D。
13.細節理解題。根據第二段"Yet still the world's trees are disappearing. The senseless men cutting down trees receive the profits, but all 8 billion people on the planet pay for the costs.(然而,世界上的樹木仍然在消失。愚蠢的人砍伐樹木獲得利潤,但所有80億人在這個星球上支付成本)"可知,利潤驅動的伐木讓世界上的樹木不斷消失。故選C。
14.細節理解題。根據最后一段"If there's enough cash, conditionally paid, locals will be encouraged to protect trees and less likely to elect irresponsible leaders.(如果有足夠的現金,有條件地支付,當地人將被鼓勵保護樹木,而不太可能選出不負責任的領導人)"可知,保護雨林需要為保護工作付錢給當地人。故選D。
15.標題選擇題。根據最后一段"Such carbon credits could be used to promote a greener local economy, and clean up local land registration. If there's enough cash, conditionally paid, locals will be encouraged to protect trees and less likely to elect irresponsible leaders. To preserve such a huge carbon sink — never mind the biodiversity it contains — this would be a bargain.(這樣的碳信用額度可以用來促進更環保的地方經濟,并清理地方土地登記。如果有足夠的現金,有條件地支付,當地人將被鼓勵保護樹木,而不太可能選出不負責任的領導人。為了保護如此巨大的碳匯——更不用說它所包含的生物多樣性了——這將是一筆很劃算的交易)"結合文章主要說明了砍伐森林的成本大于收益,然而利潤驅動的伐木讓世界上的樹木不斷消失。作者認為可以付錢給當地人保護雨林??芍?,A選項"拯救熱帶雨林的現金"最符合文章標題。故選A。
【答案】16.A;17.B;18.C;19.G;20.D
【知識點】說明文;七選五;社會文化類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過兩位重量級哲學家看待友誼的觀點來理解為什么孤獨會傷害人。備選項的中文意思: A. 乍聽之下這似乎不錯。B. 它們(友誼)能經受住艱難困苦的考驗。C. 這解釋了孤獨為何令人痛苦。D. 這些行為未必能讓你結交終身摯友。E. 朋友越多,你就越快樂。F. 我們會感到自己未被周圍人接納。G. 因此,孤獨的解藥在于他人。
【點評】考查任務型閱讀(七選五)。解題技巧如下:1. 看首段,跳過空格快速通讀全篇,了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在,首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。2. 首先快速瀏覽一遍七個備選答案,先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精讀空格前后兩句,利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。七選五空出的是整個句子,而這些句子與句子之間,必然有一種聯系,因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯性,從而選擇正確的答案??疾閷ι舷挛牡睦斫饧巴评砼袛嗄芰?。4. 看選項,找出與空前空后句中心詞同義,近義或相關性的詞語。實現關鍵詞的對接,先易后難,各個突破。此外要通過句子的邏輯關系或句子的標點來判斷該句在文章的位置。5. 解題的關鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。尤其要注意代詞,連詞等。如表示轉折關系的but,though, however 等。6. 做完后,通讀全文。將所選項放入空白處,通讀一遍,看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系,是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。
16.根據空前的"The Greek great believed that friendships are based on the virtues of the friend. (這位希臘偉人認為,友誼是建立在朋友的美德之上的。)"可知,亞里士多德認為友誼建立在美德之上,根據空后的"But the problem with Aristotle's theory is that if you lose some virtues, you should also expect to lose some friends. (但亞里士多德理論的問題在于,如果你失去了一些美德,你也會失去一些朋友。)"可知,亞里士多德認為如果失去了美德就會失去一些朋友,結合but可知,空處與下文內容為轉折關系,A選項"This may sound fine at first. (乍聽之下這似乎不錯。)"講述的內容承接了上文,且與空后的內容為轉折關系。故選A。
17.根據空前的"And that's not how friendships work — at least not the good ones. (友誼不是這樣的——至少好的友誼不是這樣的。)"可知,友誼不是這樣的,由此可知推斷,此處講述的是好的友誼是什么樣子的,B選項"They last through thick and thin. (它們(友誼)能經受住艱難困苦的考驗。)"講述的內容承接空前內容,其中的they指代的是friendships。故選B。
18.根據空前的"So as a sharp counterpunch to Aristotle, let's turn to the renowned Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, who said that all people have value regardless of their virtues. Since we view our true friends with this kind of unconditional love and respect, we can assume they view us the same way. (因此,作為對亞里士多德的有力反擊,讓我們轉向著名的啟蒙哲學家伊曼努爾·康德,他說,所有人都有價值,不管他們的美德如何。既然我們用這種無條件的愛和尊重來看待我們真正的朋友,我們可以假設他們也以同樣的方式看待我們。)"可知,康德認為我們所有人都是有價值的,而且是把這種無條件的愛和尊重來看待我們真正的朋友,結合空后的"Being away from our friends takes away these life-affirming interactions. Worse, having no friends means our value, or dignity, isn't being appreciated. (遠離我們的朋友帶走了這些肯定生活的互動。更糟糕的是,沒有朋友意味著我們的價值或尊嚴沒有得到賞識。)"可知,空處應承上啟下,C選項"This tells us why loneliness hurts. ( 這解釋了孤獨為何令人痛苦。)"中的this指代的為空前的內容,且引出下文中沒有朋友會產生的影響。故選C。
19.分析語篇可知,此處應為本段的主題句,根據空后的"This may seem obvious, but there's a catch. Your connection has to be oriented (以……為方向) toward the other person — not in what they can do for you and your loneliness. (這似乎是顯而易見的,但有一個陷阱。你們的關系必須以對方為導向——而不是他們能為你和你的孤獨做些什么。)"可知,此處講述的是他人可以治療我們的孤獨,G選項"Thus, the cure for loneliness can be found in other people. (因此,孤獨的解藥在于他人。)"講述的內容與空后內容吻合,且該選項講述的內容為空后的this指代的內容。故選G。
20.根據空前的"So say hi to a neighbor, hold the door for someone, or volunteer at the soup kitchen. (所以跟鄰居打個招呼,幫別人扶一下門,或者在施粥處做志愿者。)"可知,此處介紹的是如何建立與他人的聯系,根據空后的"However, they'll help you feel more connected to the world. (然而,它們會讓你感覺與世界的聯系更緊密。)"可知,空處講述的內容與空后的內容為轉折關系,D選項"These acts may not make you a lifelong friend. (這些行為未必能讓你結交終身摯友。)"中的These acts指代空前的行為,且與空后的內容為轉折關系。故選D。
【答案】21.C;22.C;23.A;24.B;25.D;26.A;27.B;28.D;29.C;30.A;31.C;32.A;33.B;34.C;35.D;36.D;37.A;38.D;39.C;40.A
【知識點】名詞辨析;形容詞的詞義辨析;動詞的詞義辨析;故事閱讀類;記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了在South Mountain Reservation的一條小路上發現了許多小木屋,這些小木屋是由一個名叫Therese Ojibway的女士為她患有自閉癥的兒子建造的。
【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章,跳過缺失的單詞,再根據上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義,最后對選項進行對比分析,選出正確選項。完形填空旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文,把握大意。在開始答題之前,應先通讀全文,了解文章的主題和大致內容。這樣有助于理解作者的意圖,把握文章的整體思路,為后續的填空選擇提供正確的方向。二、仔細分析,逐一排查。對于每一個空,要仔細分析所給的選項,逐一排查,選出最符合文意的答案。通常情況下,完形填空中會有幾個空白需要填寫形容詞、副、名詞等,要注意所填的詞要與句子前后內容相符。三、結合上下文,理解語義。有時候僅從一個空所在的句子很難確定正確的答案,這時需要結合上下文,理解整體的語義環境。通過對前后的語境分析,確定一個合理的答案。四、注意語法結構。完形填空中涉及的語法知識較多,如時態、語態、詞性等。在選擇答案時,要仔細考慮語法結構是否正確。
21.句意:小木屋隱藏在樹干和樹枝中——在這片看起來正常的森林里,這是一幅令人驚訝的甜蜜景象。A. leaves樹葉;B. squirrels松鼠;C. cottages小屋;D. kids孩子。根據第四段中"to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers"可知,森林里有很多小木屋。故選C。
22.句意:小木屋隱藏在樹干和樹枝中——在這片看起來正常的森林里,這是一幅令人驚訝的甜蜜景象。A. common普通的;B. comfortable舒服的;C. sweet甜蜜的;D. pitiful可憐的。根據前文"you might spot more than leaves, trees and squirrels. Fairies(精靈) might live among the leaves. Small ____1____ are hidden in the tree trunks and branches"可知,這是一幅令人驚訝的甜蜜景象。故選C。
23.句意:這些童話般的家園不是由想象出來的生物建造的,而是由志愿者建造的。A. imaginary想象的;B. intelligent聰明的;C. primitive原始的;D. tiny微小的。根據后文"but by volunteers"可知,這些童話般的家園不是由想象出來的生物建造的。故選A。
24.句意:這個想法來自一位名叫Therese Ojibway的婦女,她在10年前希望她患有自閉癥的兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。A. allowed允許;B. wanted想要,希望;C. begged乞求;D. commanded命令。根據后文"to have a safe space to ____5____ in nature"可知,這位母親希望她兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。故選B。
25.句意:這個想法來自一位名叫Therese Ojibway的婦女,她在10年前希望她患有自閉癥的兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。A. share分享;B. search尋找;C. occupy占有;D. explore探索。根據后文"in nature"及第五段中"Kids visiting the Fairy Trail can spend hours ____11____ the nearly 100 tiny homes"可知,這位母親希望她兒子有一個安全的空間去探索大自然。故選D。
26.句意:"所以,她找到了這條拉威小徑,現在被稱為仙女小徑,并開始到處留下仙女的家,這樣當他們來的時候,他就有了他們可以尋找的東西,隨著時間的推移,她不斷地把它填滿,"小徑管理員之一Julie Gould說。A. found找到;B. followed跟隨;C. hiked徒步;D. surrounded包圍。根據后文"started leaving fairy homes ____7____"可知,這位母親找到了這條小徑,并開始建造仙女童話家園。故選A。
27.句意:"所以,她找到了這條拉威小徑,現在被稱為仙女小徑,并開始到處留下仙女的家,這樣當他們來的時候,他就有了他們可以尋找的東西,隨著時間的推移,她不斷地把它填滿,"小徑管理員之一Julie Gould說。A. by accident偶然;B. here and there到處;C. in a hurry匆忙;D. day and night日夜。根據后文"over time she ____8____ filling it up even more"可知,隨著時間的推移,這位母親不斷地把它填滿,說明她開始到處建造仙女童話家園。故選B。
28.句意:"所以,她找到了這條拉威小徑,現在被稱為仙女小徑,并開始到處留下仙女的家,這樣當他們來的時候,他就有了他們可以尋找的東西,隨著時間的推移,她不斷地把它填滿,"小徑管理員之一Julie Gould說。A. admitted允許;B. avoided避免;C. risked冒險;D. kept保持,不斷。根據后文"filling it up even more"可知,這位母親持續地建造。故選D。
29.句意:Ojibway和她的兒子幾年前搬出了這個地區,但他們的童話故事依然存在。A. faded褪色;B. survived存活;C. remained仍然在;D. twisted扭曲。根據前文"Ojibway and her son moved out of the area a few years ago, but their fairy trail"可知,前后轉折,雖然人離開了這里,但他們建造的童話家園仍然存在。故選C。
30.句意:Gould和Kelly被正式要求成為這條小徑的"制造者和守護者",他們繼續與志愿者一起為仙女們建造小木屋。A. continue繼續;B. struggle掙扎;C. intend打算;D. happen發生。根據后文"to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers"可知,Gould和Kelly繼續與志愿者們一起建造這些小木屋。故選A。
31.句意:參觀仙女小徑的孩子們可以花幾個小時尋找近100個小房子,但不幸的是,他們可能看不到仙女。A. breaking into闖入;B. tearing down拆掉;C. looking for尋找;D. setting up建立。根據后文"the nearly 100 tiny homes"及第三段中"so that when they came, he had something they could look for"可知,這樣當孩子們來的時候,他們可以尋找這些小木屋。故選C。
32.句意:參觀仙女小徑的孩子們可以花幾個小時尋找近100個小房子,但不幸的是,他們可能看不到仙女。A. unfortunately不幸地;B. hopefully有希望地;C. unexpectedly難以預料地;D. deliberately故意地。根據前文"but"和下文"they might not see fairies"可知,孩子們肯定看不到仙女,作者幽默地表達這是不幸的。故選A。
33.句意:"因為它們很害羞,所以我們不經??吹剿鼈儯? Kelly解釋說。A. innocent天真的;B. shy害羞的;C. adorable喜歡的;D. fictional虛構的。根據前文"they might not see fairies"可知,孩子們看不到仙女,說明仙女是害羞的,不愿出來。故選B。
34.句意:但你真的應該看看它們騎在松鼠背上的時候……所以對我們來說,能夠為他們提供住房真是太棒了。A. food食物;B. suggestions建議;C. homes家;D. privacy隱私。根據第四段中"____10____ to build little wooden homes for the fairies with volunteers"可知,孩子們繼續與志愿者一起為仙女們建造小木屋,說明能夠為他們提供住所真是太好了。故選C。
35.句意:盡管如此,孩子們還是試圖看到仙女們——有時他們確信自己看到了。A. manage設法完成;B. pretend假裝;C. hesitate猶豫;D. attempt嘗試。根據常識和下文"and sometimes they're convinced they have"可知,有時孩子們確信他們看到了,說明孩子們還是試圖看到仙女。故選D。
36.句意:如果他們不這樣做,這一天仍然是在大自然中度過的。A. hardly幾乎不;B. actually事實上;C. likely可能地;D. still仍然。根據下文"a day well spent out in nature"可知,這仍然是在大自然中度過的一天。故選D。
37.句意:Gould說:"當你來到這里時,這真的是一種神奇的感覺……它觸動了你的心靈,給了你想象力、奇跡和創造力。"A. feeling感覺;B. impression印象;C. promise承諾;D. creature生物。根據下文"it touches your hearts, and it gives you a sense of imagination, ____18____ and creativity"可知,這是一種神奇的感覺。故選A。
38.句意:Gould說:"當你來到這里時,這真的是一種神奇的感覺……它觸動了你的心靈,給了你想象力、奇跡和創造力。"A. justice公正;B. identity身份;C. accomplishment成就;D. wonder奇跡。根據前文"This is really about a magical ____17____ when you come here"及"a sense of imagination"和后文"and creativity"可知,這里是個神奇的地方,能夠給予想象力、奇跡和創造力的感覺。故選D。
39.句意:"我們就是這樣得到報酬的。當我們與孩子們互動時,我們就得到了報酬,他們來到這里,這是他們的一天。對他們來說,這是一個神奇的地方。"A. negotiate協商;B. reason推理;C. interact互動;D. compete競爭。根據常識和下文"who come here and it made their day"可知,孩子們來到這里,度過了快樂的一天,說明我們要和孩子們互動。故選C。
40.句意:"我們就是這樣得到報酬的。當我們與孩子們互動時,我們就得到了報酬,他們來到這里,這是他們的一天。對他們來說,這是一個神奇的地方。"A. magical有魔力的;B. typical典型的;C. secret秘密的;D. temporary暫時的。根據前文"Still, kids ____15____ to see the fairies — and sometimes they're convinced they have."可知,孩子們試圖看到仙女,說明這對他們來說是一個神奇的地方。故選A。
【答案】41.our;42.collected;43.which;44.To do;45.as;46.best-known;47.ranking;48.purely;49.provides/has provided;50.whether
【知識點】形容詞性物主代詞;分詞;非限制性定語從句;說明文;人物傳記類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究,研究表明著名作曲家貝多芬并沒有從他的祖先那里遺傳到多少音樂天賦。
【點評】考查語法填空。本題考點涉及代詞,非謂語動詞,定語從句,介詞,形容詞,副詞,時態,主謂一致以及賓語從句等多個知識點的考查。要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上,進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系,并結合相關語法知識,進行分析推理,從而寫出正確的單詞形式。語法填空實用解題策略如下。一、分析句子結構。在面對語法填空題時,首先要做的是分析句子的結構。觀察句子中的主語、謂語、賓語等主要成分,以及是否有從句、非謂語動詞等復雜結構。通過理解句子結構,可以更好地把握填空處所需的詞性和功能。二、確定詞性變化。根據句子結構和語境,確定填空處所需的詞性。然后,根據語法規則,考慮所需的詞性是否需要進行變化,如名詞的單復數、動詞的時態和語態、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級等。確保所填詞匯在語法上與句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢記固定搭配。英語中存在大量的固定搭配和短語,這些搭配在語法填空題中經常出現。因此,需要牢記常見的固定搭配和短語,以便在解題時能夠迅速識別并正確填空。四、注意時態語態。時態和語態是英語語法填空的重要考點。在解題時,要注意根據句子的語境和上下文,判斷所需動詞的時態和語態。同時,也要注意時態和語態的一致性,確保所填詞匯與句子的時態和語態相符。五、理解上下文語境。語境對于語法填空題的解答至關重要。通過理解句子的上下文,可以更好地理解填空處所需的詞匯和語法結構。因此,在解題時,要仔細閱讀句子的前后文,把握句子的整體意義,以便更好地填空。六、利用常識和邏輯。在某些情況下,可以利用常識和邏輯來解答語法填空題。例如,根據常識判斷所填詞匯是否符合常理,或者根據邏輯判斷所填詞匯是否與前后的句子內容相符合。通過利用常識和邏輯,可以更加準確地填空。
41.句意:研究人員表示,這一發現很好地例證了我們的 DNA 并不能決定生活中會發展出什么才能。
空處在句中做前置定語修飾名詞DNA,空處表示"我們的",our,形容詞性物主代詞,符合語境。故填our。
42.句意:研究人員使用了去年在另一項研究中收集的一根頭發樣本檢查了貝多芬的DNA??仗帪榉侵^語且在句中作后置定語修飾名詞短語hair sample,動詞collect與其邏輯主語hair sample構成邏輯上的被動關系,故空處應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填collected。
43.句意:他們的目標是探索他在音樂方面的遺傳傾向,這與音樂能力密切相關。空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為music,且在非限制性定語從句中作主語,指物,故空處應用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句。故填which。
44.句意:為了做到這一點,他們將貝多芬的DNA與數據庫中近14,500個其他人的 DNA 進行了比較??仗帪榉侵^語且在句中做目的狀語,故空處應用動詞不定式,句首首字母應大寫。故填To do。
45.句意:根據他的基因信息,他們計算出了一個多基因分數,作為他音樂天賦傾向的標志。此處表示"作為……的標志",as a sign of,固定短語,符合語境。故填as。
46.句意:有趣的是,貝多芬,這位歷史上最著名的音樂家之一,在一般音樂性方面的得分并不引人注目——根據現代樣本,他的排名在前 10%左右。此處表示"最......的......之一",為固定搭配:one+of+
the+形容詞的最高級+可數名詞的復數形式,故空處應用形容詞well-known的最高級best-known。故填best-known。
47.句意:有趣的是,貝多芬,這位歷史上最著名的音樂家之一,在一般音樂性方面的得分并不引人注目——根據現代樣本,他的排名在前 10%左右??仗帪榉侵^語且在句中作狀語,動詞range與其邏輯主語Beethoven構成邏輯上的主動關系,故空處應用現在分詞作狀語。故填ranking。
48.句意:發表在《當代生物學》上的研究報告的作者說,得出貝多芬沒有多少天賦的結論是錯誤的,但這確實凸顯了僅根據 DNA 做出預測的問題。空處在句中作狀語修飾形容詞based,空處表示"純粹地,完全地",purely,副詞,符合語境。故填purely。
49.句意:基于 DNA 的預測與貝多芬的音樂天才之間的不匹配提供了一個有價值的教學時刻,因為它表明DNA測試不能給我們關于一個給定的孩子最終是否會在音樂方面有天賦的最終答案??仗帪榫渥拥闹^語,此處描述的是目前存在的的狀況,應用一般現在時,主語為The mismatch,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式,填provides。也可用現在完成時態強調過去的動作對現在的影響,主語為The mismatch,助動詞用has。填 has provided。故填provides/has provided。
50.句意:基于 DNA 的預測與貝多芬的音樂天才之間的不匹配提供了一個有價值的教學時刻,因為它表明DNA測試不能給我們關于一個給定的孩子最終是否會在音樂方面有天賦的最終答案??仗幵诰渲幸龑зe語從句,且賓語從句中不缺少成分,空處表示"是否",whether,連接代詞,符合語境。故填whether。
51.【答案】①that→ who ②can't→ couldn't ③but → and/so ④a→ the ⑤bill后面加was ⑥convenience→ convenient ⑦puzzling→ puzzled ⑧with→ in ⑨him后面去掉to ⑩her →his
【知識點】一般過去時;表因果關系的連詞;非限制性定語從句;故事閱讀類;記敘文
【解析】【分析】1.句意:在一家超市里,我看到一個外國人,他在柜臺前困惑了一會兒。逗號后為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為foreigner,指代人,作主語,應用關系代詞who引導。故將that改為who。
2.句意:我過去看了看,發現他不能在網上買紀念品。根據前后文可知,本句描述過去發生的事情,用一般過去時,謂語動詞用過去式。故將can't改為couldn't。
3.句意:我主動提出幫忙,他給我看了他手機上的付款界面。后文和前文不是轉折關系,是并列關系或因果關系。故將but改為and/so。
4.句意:我主動提出幫忙,他給我看了他手機上的付款界面。名詞payment screen由介詞短語on his phone修飾,為特指概念,應用定冠詞限定。故將a改為the。
5.句意:我一步一步地教他,很快,賬單就付清了。動詞pay和主語之間是被動關系,本句描述過去發生的事情,用一般過去時的被動語態。主語the bill為單數。故在paid前加was。
6.句意:當他意識到這是多么方便時,他困惑的表情變成了驚訝。how修飾形容詞convenient作be的表語。故將convenience改為convenient。
7.句意:當他意識到這是多么方便時,他困惑的表情變成了驚訝。修飾與人的感受有關的名詞expression,應用ed結尾的形容詞,表示"困惑的(因困惑而產生的)"。故將puzzling改為puzzled。
8.句意:他用蹩腳的中文向我道謝。表示"用某種語言"應用介詞in。故將with改為in。
9.句意:我看著他離開,感到很高興,我可以幫助別人享受到他在我的國家沒有后顧之憂。watch sb do sth,句型中應用不帶to不定式作賓補。故去掉him后面的to。
10. 句意:我看著他離開,感到很高興,我可以幫助別人享受到他在我的國家沒有后顧之憂。指代前文someone,并且前文中提到的him是男人,物主代詞應用his。故將her改為his。
【點評】考查短文改錯。本題涉及定語從句,時態,連詞,冠詞,語態,形容詞,非謂語動詞,介詞以及代詞等多個知識點的考查,是一篇記敘文,覆蓋面廣,綜合性強,難度適中,區分度高,文章主要介紹了作者一次購物時幫助外國朋友使用手機付款的故事。短文改錯要求考生從語篇入手,理解文章大意,審查句子結構。答題時,不僅要注意語法和用詞方面的錯誤,還要注意篇章結構方面的錯誤。在多數情況下,判斷是否有錯誤不能只看某個詞語本身,甚至不能只看某個句子本身,而要弄清文章的含義以及內在的邏輯關系,再根據上下文去判斷。著重注意一下幾個方面??淳渥咏Y構是否完整;看文中的習慣用法、固定搭配是否正確;看上下文的邏輯是否合理;看主謂是否一致,時態是否正確,冠詞、代詞、連詞、名詞的數和格、介詞、形容詞、副詞使用是否得當。
52.【答案】略
【知識點】文字式應用文
【解析】【分析】本題是一篇應用文寫作,要求考生寫一篇題為" Transportation Development Is
Changing Our Life "的英語演講稿參加學校即將舉辦的演講比賽。寫作背景:考生的學校即將舉辦關于交通對生活影響的主題演講比賽。內容包括:1. 闡述演講主題;2. 具體闡述交通對生活各個方面產生的積極影響;3. 表達期待。注意:1. 時態以現在完成時為主;2.注意不要遺漏寫作要點,詳略得當,可適當拓展,突出寫作重點;3. 注意語句表達規范流暢,邏輯正確,條理清晰,語義連貫;4. 不能使用真實的名稱;5. 寫作詞數為100個左右。本題對于考生的綜合能力要求較高,要求考生有很強的謀篇布局的能力和組織要點的能力。需要注意緊扣文章主題,給出的要點都需要包括。寫作時注意準確運用時態,上下文意思連貫,符合邏輯關系。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式,同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使作文顯得更有檔次。
【點評】本篇書面表達表達上要做到要點齊全,上下文連貫,應使用一定數量的句式結構,讓句子表達更加生動傳神,同時應使用較多的高級詞匯和固定短語,提高文章的檔次,體現對英語書面表達熟練的駕馭能力。可以使用的表達如下,例如: Today, I stand here to share how China's transportation revolution is transforming our daily lives.(運用了how引導的賓語從句);Over the past decade, China has built the world's largest high-speed rail network, connecting even remote areas. (運用了現在分詞短語作狀語);My grandparents in a rural village now reach Beijing in just 5 hours – a journey that once took days. (運用了that引導的限制性定語從句);It has shortened distances, enabling us to visit friends and relatives more frequently.(運用了現在分詞短語作狀語);Road construction has expanded rapidly, with new highways and bridges making it easier for cars and trucks to traverse the country.(運用了with的復合結構);As we continue to progress, I am confident that the future of transportation will bring even more exciting changes. (運用了that引導的賓語從句)。
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