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29 第二部分 奠 基 篇 第1講 構(gòu)詞法 講義(學(xué)生版+教師版)-《高考快車道》2026版高三英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 譯林版

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29 第二部分 奠 基 篇 第1講 構(gòu)詞法 講義(學(xué)生版+教師版)-《高考快車道》2026版高三英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 譯林版

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奠 基 篇
第1講 構(gòu)詞法
第一節(jié) 派生法
派生詞是由詞根加前綴或后綴重組而成的詞。一般來說,詞根決定單詞意思,前綴改變單詞意思,后綴決定單詞詞性。
 前綴
(1)anti- (反對,抵抗,防止)
anti-ageing 抗衰老的      antibody 抗體
anti-war 反戰(zhàn)的
(2)auto- (自動,自己)
automation 自動化 autobiography 自傳
autonomous自主的;自治的
(3)be- (使……,使……成為)
belittle貶低
befriend 做朋友;友善對待
(4)bi- (兩,二)
bimonthly 兩月一次(的)
bilingual 會說兩種語言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起,共同,聯(lián)合) coexist共存
co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除,降低,減少)
decrease (使)降低;減少 dewater 脫水
(7)dis- (不,無;相反;取消,分離)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露;透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某種狀態(tài);表示向里之意;只作加強意義)
enable使能夠 enrich使豐富
ensure確保 enlarge 擴大
(9)ex- (出,外,由……弄出;前任的,以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取;拔出
(10)extra- (額外的,超過的)
extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular課外的
(11)fore- (前,先;預(yù)告)
forehead 前額 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 預(yù)知
(12)il- (無,不,非,用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合邏輯的
illiterate不識字的
(13)im- (無,不,非,用在b、m、p前;向內(nèi);加強意義)
impatient不耐煩的 immoral不道德的
import進(jìn)口 impolite 不禮貌的
(14)in- (不,無,非;內(nèi),入)
independent獨立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正確的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之間,……際;相互)
international國際的 interview面試;采訪
(16)ir- (無,不,非,用在r前)
irregular不整齊的;不規(guī)則的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小,微)
microscope顯微鏡 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的,短的,迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽車 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (誤,錯,不)
misguide 誤導(dǎo) misunderstand 誤解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化
multilingual說多種語言的
(21)non- (非,無,不)
non-party 無黨派的
non-English非英語的
(22)over- (過多,過度;顛倒,反轉(zhuǎn))
overburden負(fù)擔(dān)過重 overestimate高估
overstate言過其實 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超過;向外的)
outweigh重于;超過 outnumber數(shù)量超過
(24)post- (在后,后;郵件,郵政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 戰(zhàn)后的
(25)pre- (在前;預(yù)先)
preheat 預(yù)先加熱 prehistory 史前時期
(26)pro- (向前,在前)
progress進(jìn)步 prospect希望;前景
(27)re- (回,再,重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考慮
(28)Sino- (中國的)
Sino-American中美的
Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下;次,亞,準(zhǔn);副,分支,下級)
subway地鐵 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超級,在……之上,過度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超級英雄
(31)sur- (上,外,超)
surface表面
surrealism超現(xiàn)實主義
(32)tele- (遠(yuǎn)的;電視的;通過電話的)
telescope 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 television 電視
(33)trans- (橫穿,從一端到另一端,轉(zhuǎn)移)
transform 使改變形態(tài) transport運輸
(34)un- (不,無,非,未;取消;相反動作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下;內(nèi);不足,少)
underline在(詞語等下)畫線
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副總統(tǒng),副總裁
Ⅰ.根據(jù)左邊的提示和前綴,寫出右邊單詞的詞義
1.virus n.病毒→ antivirus adj.抗病毒的
2.forest n.森林→ deforest v.砍伐森林
3.honorable adj.光榮的→dishonorable adj.可恥的;不光彩的
4.branch n.樹枝→ disbranch v.修剪;剪斷
5.trust n.信任→ entrust v.托付
6.fold v.折疊→ unfold v.展開
7.maker n.制造者→ automaker n.汽車制造商
8.a(chǎn)nnual adj.每年的→ biannual adj.一年兩度的
9.blog n.博客→ microblog n.微博
10.conference n.會議→teleconference n.電話會議
Ⅱ.給提示詞加上適當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y,并用其正確形式填空
1.My father is a lawyer,but he discouraged/discourages (courage) me from entering the field.
2.The real goal of encouraging children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but to encourage children to have fun being active.(courage)
3.A good strategy to increase memory is to review/reviewing(view) the material you are trying to remember often.
4.As a news reporter,he attached much importance to the interview(view).
5.Traditional festivals enable(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values.
6.Anxious all the time,I was unable(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
 后綴
1.名詞后綴
(1)-al
①構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示行為、狀況、事情
approve—approval 批準(zhǔn)  arrive—arrival到達(dá)
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知識分子
(2)-ance (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示狀態(tài)、情況、性質(zhì)、行為)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 惱怒
(3)-ence (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為)
compete—competence競爭,競賽
exist—existence存在
(4)-er,-or,-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手  report—reporter記者
invent—inventor 發(fā)明家
govern—governor統(tǒng)治者
scholar學(xué)者 liar說謊的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夾;紙夾
wash—washer洗衣機 heat—heater加熱器
(5)-ee (人,被動者),-er (人,主動者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇員(被雇用者)
trainee 受訓(xùn)者
(6)-eer (專做某種工作或從事某種職業(yè)的人)
engineer 工程師 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性,雌性)
waitress女服務(wù)員 stewardess女乘務(wù)員
(8)-ist (專業(yè)人員,……主義者)
socialist 社會主義者 dentist牙醫(yī)
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顧問
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音樂家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity,-ty,-y (……的狀態(tài),……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似   real—reality現(xiàn)實
(12)-ation (行為,情況,狀態(tài))
prepare—preparation準(zhǔn)備
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性質(zhì),狀態(tài))
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence結(jié)果
(14)-cy (性質(zhì),狀態(tài),行為,職權(quán),職務(wù))
accurate—accuracy精確
adequate—adequacy足夠;適當(dāng)
(15)-dom (情況,狀態(tài),性質(zhì),身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure,-ture,-ature (……的行為,……的結(jié)果)
fail—failure失敗 sign—signature 簽名
(17)-ment (……的動作,……的結(jié)果)
argue—argument 爭論;論據(jù)
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示時間、情況、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份、資格等)
childhood童年     neighbo(u)rhood街區(qū)
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble + -ity”構(gòu)詞,表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility靈活性
(20)-ing
①表示行為、狀態(tài)、情況及其他
begin—beginning開始
belong—belongings財產(chǎn)
②表示……行業(yè)、……學(xué)、……術(shù)、……法
farm—farming農(nóng)業(yè)
garden—gardening園藝
(21)-ion (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示行為、行為的過程或結(jié)果、情況、狀態(tài))
①以t或s結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-ion
act—action行為;活動
conduct—conduction 傳導(dǎo)
construct—construction 建筑
特殊詞:expect—expectation期待
②以不發(fā)音字母e (te,de除外) 結(jié)尾的動詞,常去掉e,再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羨慕
separate—separation分離
特殊詞:invite邀請—invitation邀請
③以d或de結(jié)尾的動詞,先改d或de為s,再加-ion
conclude—conclusion總結(jié)
decide—decision決定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion說服
特殊詞:attend—attention注意,專心
intend—intention 目的,意圖
④以mit結(jié)尾的動詞,改mit為miss,再加上-ion
admit—admission承認(rèn),允許進(jìn)入,進(jìn)入權(quán)
⑤詞干變化,再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction滿意
(22)-th (……的狀態(tài))
grow—growth成長
strong—strength力氣;優(yōu)點
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性質(zhì),身份,技能,集體)
hardship 艱難
leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)(地位)
(25)-ness (……的狀態(tài))
aware—awareness意識
sad—sadness傷心
(26)-logy,-graphy,-ics,-(e)ry [……學(xué)(說)]
biology生物學(xué) ecology生態(tài)學(xué)
(27)-ization (表示行為的過程或結(jié)果,“……化”,與動詞后綴-ize相對應(yīng))
computer—computerize—computerization計算機化
modern—modernize—modernization現(xiàn)代化
2.形容詞后綴
(1)-able
①“v.+able”(表示能……的、可以……的、適合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可適應(yīng)的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n.+able”(表示具有……特點的)
fashion—fashionable 時髦的
favo(u)r—favorable贊許的;有利的
(2)-ible (可……的,能……的,易……的或具有某種性質(zhì)的)
responsible負(fù)責(zé)的 
incredible不可信的
(3)-al (屬于……的,具有……性質(zhì)的,如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有條件的
logic—logical符合邏輯的
economic—economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的,節(jié)約的
(4)-ful (富有……的,充滿……的,易于……的)
faith—faithful忠實的
fruit—fruitful成果豐碩的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戲劇的,富有戲劇性的
system—systematic系統(tǒng)的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理論的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的,有……性質(zhì)的)
childish如小孩的,幼稚的 
girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……傾向的,有……性質(zhì)的)
produce—productive多產(chǎn)的
progress—progressive進(jìn)步的
(9)-ate (充滿……的,有……的特點)
passion—passionate熱情的
consider—considerate考慮周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特點)
adventure—adventurous冒險的
space—spacious寬敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻煩的
tire—tiresome令人厭煩的
3.動詞后綴
(1)-ize/-ise (使,使……化;以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize現(xiàn)代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得,使……變成;使(某人)充滿(某種感情)]
simply—simplify 簡化   pure—purify凈化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某種特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)變短
(4)-ate (使具有某種性質(zhì))
origin—originate 發(fā)源;起源
active—activate (使)活動;激活
4.副詞后綴
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually實際上
fortunate—fortunately幸運地
②(b,p,t)le結(jié)尾,去e加-(l)y
gentle—gently溫和地  whole—wholly完全地
③以ic結(jié)尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大體上,基本上
特殊詞:public—publicly公開地
④以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾,把y變i再加-ly
happy—happily高興地
特殊詞:shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向,朝)
afterward(s) 以后,后來
backward(s) 向后地
在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1.The government wants to toughen (tough) the existing drug controls.
2.So far the well-known journalist (journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.
3.The famous musician (music),as well as his students,was invited to perform at the New Year's party.
4.The librarian (library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks.
5.From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder (remind) to show respect to all animals.
6.I've been offered a job for three years as an assistant (assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University.
7.She also stimulated his curiosity (curious) and opened his mind to other cultures.
8.Focusing on your strengths (strong) also helps you build your confidence.
9.In a good marriage (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life.
10.I didn't think our meeting was accidental (accident) —he must have known I would be there.
11.Our great wish is that let every examinee (examine) go to their desired university.
12.We all went back to our respective (respect) homes to wait for news.
13.You should carry your membership (member) card with you at all times.
14.In this spirit,the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour remarkable (remark) sportspeople.
15.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you memorize/memorise (memory) it.
16.Your research report is too long.You have to simplify (simple) it in two pages.
17.The course helps teenagers broaden (broad) their knowledge of the world of work.
18.Reeve became a passionate and energetic (energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities.
19.The fight ended only with the timely (time) arrival of the police.
20.By 1969 the Civil Rights Movement had already been an established (establish) fact.
第二節(jié) 合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法
 合成法
1.合成形容詞
warm-hearted熱心的  cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的
hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永無止境的
well known著名的 newly built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免稅的
2.合成名詞
(1)形容詞+名詞:blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名詞+名詞:airport機場   eyesight視力
website網(wǎng)址
(3)副詞+名詞:underwear內(nèi)衣
(4)動詞-ing形式+名詞:waiting room候機室
sleeping pill安眠藥
(5)動詞+名詞:pickpocket扒手
(6)名詞+動詞:daybreak拂曉  haircut發(fā)型
heartbeat心跳  handshake握手
(7)動詞+副詞:breakthrough突破
breakdown崩潰;故障
(8)副詞+動詞:income收入   input輸入
outbreak爆發(fā) output產(chǎn)量;輸出
3.合成動詞
uplift 高舉 whitewash 粉刷 uphold 支持
翻譯下列詞塊
1.a(chǎn) trouble-free life 無憂無慮的生活
2.handmade clothes 手工制作的衣服
3.a(chǎn) second-class ticket 一張二等票
4.a(chǎn) remote-controlled toy car 一輛遙控玩具車
5.top-secret information 絕密信息
6.a(chǎn) first-hand experience 親身體驗
7.the award-winning TV drama 獲獎電視劇
8.a(chǎn)n all-weather tennis court 一個全天候網(wǎng)球場
9.a(chǎn) groundbreaking study 一項突破性研究
10.a(chǎn) diet-related change 一個與飲食相關(guān)的變化
11.full-time education 全日制教育
12.a(chǎn) short-sighted decision 一個目光短淺的決定
 轉(zhuǎn)化法
轉(zhuǎn)化法指的是不添加任何成分,不改變詞形,把一個詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類的方法。
1.轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
(1)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
book your ticket預(yù)定你的票
seat a thousand people 容納一千人
head for 朝……前進(jìn)
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge over our difficulties 跨越我們(面臨)的困難
(2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
better our living conditions 改善我們的生活條件
lower his voice降低他的聲音
(3)副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞(有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞)
Murder will out.(諺語)紙包不住火。
2.轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
(1)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
the old 老年人
a natural for...天生適合……的人
(2)動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
a man of strong build 一個體格健壯的人
寫出下列單詞的詞性以及詞義
1.Can you pour some water into that empty vase
She emptied the water out of the vase. (adj.空的;v.倒空)
2.Each apartment is a house which six people live in.
Each apartment can house a family of six. (n.房子;v.容納)
3.If you want to cry,cry on my shoulder.
As teenagers,we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation. (n.肩膀;v.承擔(dān))
4.When the earthquake happened,people flooded to the playground.
There is a flood of people attending the lecture. (v.涌入;n.大量)
5.He walked on a carpet of grass.
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. (n.一層;v.覆蓋)
15 / 15奠 基 篇
第1講 構(gòu)詞法
第一節(jié) 派生法
派生詞是由詞根加前綴或后綴重組而成的詞。一般來說,詞根決定單詞意思,前綴改變單詞意思,后綴決定單詞詞性。
 前綴
(1)anti- (反對,抵抗,防止)
anti-ageing 抗衰老的      antibody 抗體
anti-war 反戰(zhàn)的
(2)auto- (自動,自己)
automation 自動化 autobiography 自傳
autonomous自主的;自治的
(3)be- (使……,使……成為)
belittle貶低
befriend 做朋友;友善對待
(4)bi- (兩,二)
bimonthly 兩月一次(的)
bilingual 會說兩種語言的
(5)co-/con-/com- (一起,共同,聯(lián)合) coexist共存
co-worker同事
(6)de- (去除,降低,減少)
decrease (使)降低;減少 dewater 脫水
(7)dis- (不,無;相反;取消,分離)
disability 缺陷 disclose揭露;透露
disappear 消失 distract使分心
(8)en- (使……成某種狀態(tài);表示向里之意;只作加強意義)
enable使能夠 enrich使豐富
ensure確保 enlarge 擴大
(9)ex- (出,外,由……弄出;前任的,以前的)
export 出口 exclude不包括
exit出口 extract提取;拔出
(10)extra- (額外的,超過的)
extraordinary非凡的
extracurricular課外的
(11)fore- (前,先;預(yù)告)
forehead 前額 forefather 祖先
forearm 前臂 foretell 預(yù)知
(12)il- (無,不,非,用在l之前)
illegal非法的 illogical不合邏輯的
illiterate不識字的
(13)im- (無,不,非,用在b、m、p前;向內(nèi);加強意義)
impatient不耐煩的 immoral不道德的
import進(jìn)口 impolite 不禮貌的
(14)in- (不,無,非;內(nèi),入)
independent獨立的 incomplete 不完整的
incorrect 不正確的 informal非正式的
(15)inter- (在……之間,……際;相互)
international國際的 interview面試;采訪
(16)ir- (無,不,非,用在r前)
irregular不整齊的;不規(guī)則的 irrational不合理的
(17)micro- (微小,微)
microscope顯微鏡 microwave微波
(18)mini- (小的,短的,迷你的)
minibus小型公共汽車 miniskirt超短裙
(19)mis- (誤,錯,不)
misguide 誤導(dǎo) misunderstand 誤解
(20)multi- (多)
multiculture多元文化
multilingual說多種語言的
(21)non- (非,無,不)
non-party 無黨派的
non-English非英語的
(22)over- (過多,過度;顛倒,反轉(zhuǎn))
overburden負(fù)擔(dān)過重 overestimate高估
overstate言過其實 overweight超重的
(23)out- (超過;向外的)
outweigh重于;超過 outnumber數(shù)量超過
(24)post- (在后,后;郵件,郵政)
postgraduate 研究生 post-war 戰(zhàn)后的
(25)pre- (在前;預(yù)先)
preheat 預(yù)先加熱 prehistory 史前時期
(26)pro- (向前,在前)
progress進(jìn)步 prospect希望;前景
(27)re- (回,再,重新)
recycle 再利用 reconsider 重新考慮
(28)Sino- (中國的)
Sino-American中美的
Sino-Japanese中日的
(29)sub- (下;次,亞,準(zhǔn);副,分支,下級)
subway地鐵 sub-zero零度以下的
(30)super- (超級,在……之上,過度)
supermarket 超市 superhero 超級英雄
(31)sur- (上,外,超)
surface表面
surrealism超現(xiàn)實主義
(32)tele- (遠(yuǎn)的;電視的;通過電話的)
telescope 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 television 電視
(33)trans- (橫穿,從一端到另一端,轉(zhuǎn)移)
transform 使改變形態(tài) transport運輸
(34)un- (不,無,非,未;取消;相反動作)
unable 未能 unhealthy 不健康的
(35)under- (下;內(nèi);不足,少)
underline在(詞語等下)畫線
underestimate低估
(36)vice- (副)
vice-chairman 副主席
vice-president副總統(tǒng),副總裁
Ⅰ.根據(jù)左邊的提示和前綴,寫出右邊單詞的詞義
1.virus n.病毒→ antivirus adj.____________
2.forest n.森林→ deforest v.____________
3.honorable adj.光榮的→dishonorable adj.__________________
4.branch n.樹枝→ disbranch v.____________
5.trust n.信任→ entrust v.____________
6.fold v.折疊→ unfold v.____________
7.maker n.制造者→ automaker n.____________
8.a(chǎn)nnual adj.每年的→ biannual adj.________________
9.blog n.博客→ microblog n.____________
10.conference n.會議→teleconference n.____________
Ⅱ.給提示詞加上適當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y,并用其正確形式填空
1.My father is a lawyer,but he ____________ (courage) me from entering the field.
2.The real goal of ____________ children to participate in physical activity is not to look for talented athletes but ____________ children to have fun being active.(courage)
3.A good strategy to increase memory is ____________(view) the material you are trying to remember often.
4.As a news reporter,he attached much importance to the ____________(view).
5.Traditional festivals ____________(able) us to learn about fine Chinese values.
6.Anxious all the time,I was ____________(able) to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
 后綴
1.名詞后綴
(1)-al
①構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示行為、狀況、事情
approve—approval 批準(zhǔn)  arrive—arrival到達(dá)
②表示人
crime—criminal犯罪分子
intellect—intellectual 知識分子
(2)-ance (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示狀態(tài)、情況、性質(zhì)、行為)
accept—acceptance接受
annoy—annoyance 惱怒
(3)-ence (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為)
compete—competence競爭,競賽
exist—existence存在
(4)-er,-or,-ar
①表示人
begin—beginner新手  report—reporter記者
invent—inventor 發(fā)明家
govern—governor統(tǒng)治者
scholar學(xué)者 liar說謊的人
②表示物
cook—cooker炊具
fold—folder文件夾;紙夾
wash—washer洗衣機 heat—heater加熱器
(5)-ee (人,被動者),-er (人,主動者)
employer 雇用者
employee 雇員(被雇用者)
trainee 受訓(xùn)者
(6)-eer (專做某種工作或從事某種職業(yè)的人)
engineer 工程師 volunteer 志愿者
(7)-ess (女性,雌性)
waitress女服務(wù)員 stewardess女乘務(wù)員
(8)-ist (專業(yè)人員,……主義者)
socialist 社會主義者 dentist牙醫(yī)
(9)-ant (做……的人)
assist—assistant助手
consult—consultant顧問
(10)-(i)an (精通……的人)
music—musician音樂家
politics—politician 政治家
(11)-ity,-ty,-y (……的狀態(tài),……的事物)
similar—similarity 相似   real—reality現(xiàn)實
(12)-ation (行為,情況,狀態(tài))
prepare—preparation準(zhǔn)備
relax—relaxation放松
(13)-ce (性質(zhì),狀態(tài))
absent—absence 缺席
consequent—consequence結(jié)果
(14)-cy (性質(zhì),狀態(tài),行為,職權(quán),職務(wù))
accurate—accuracy精確
adequate—adequacy足夠;適當(dāng)
(15)-dom (情況,狀態(tài),性質(zhì),身份)
free—freedom 自由 wise—wisdom 智慧
(16)-ure,-ture,-ature (……的行為,……的結(jié)果)
fail—failure失敗 sign—signature 簽名
(17)-ment (……的動作,……的結(jié)果)
argue—argument 爭論;論據(jù)
achieve—achievement 成就
(18)-hood (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示時間、情況、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份、資格等)
childhood童年     neighbo(u)rhood街區(qū)
(19)-(i)bility [由“-(i)ble + -ity”構(gòu)詞,表示可……性、易……性、可……]
able—ability能力 flexible—flexibility靈活性
(20)-ing
①表示行為、狀態(tài)、情況及其他
begin—beginning開始
belong—belongings財產(chǎn)
②表示……行業(yè)、……學(xué)、……術(shù)、……法
farm—farming農(nóng)業(yè)
garden—gardening園藝
(21)-ion (構(gòu)成抽象名詞,表示行為、行為的過程或結(jié)果、情況、狀態(tài))
①以t或s結(jié)尾的動詞,直接加-ion
act—action行為;活動
conduct—conduction 傳導(dǎo)
construct—construction 建筑
特殊詞:expect—expectation期待
②以不發(fā)音字母e (te,de除外) 結(jié)尾的動詞,常去掉e,再加上-ation或-ition。
admire—admiration羨慕
separate—separation分離
特殊詞:invite邀請—invitation邀請
③以d或de結(jié)尾的動詞,先改d或de為s,再加-ion
conclude—conclusion總結(jié)
decide—decision決定
extend—extension延伸
persuade—persuasion說服
特殊詞:attend—attention注意,專心
intend—intention 目的,意圖
④以mit結(jié)尾的動詞,改mit為miss,再加上-ion
admit—admission承認(rèn),允許進(jìn)入,進(jìn)入權(quán)
⑤詞干變化,再加-tion
describe—description描述
satisfy—satisfaction滿意
(22)-th (……的狀態(tài))
grow—growth成長
strong—strength力氣;優(yōu)點
(23)-ful (……的量)
hand—handful一把
mouth—mouthful一口
(24)-ship (性質(zhì),身份,技能,集體)
hardship 艱難
leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)(地位)
(25)-ness (……的狀態(tài))
aware—awareness意識
sad—sadness傷心
(26)-logy,-graphy,-ics,-(e)ry [……學(xué)(說)]
biology生物學(xué) ecology生態(tài)學(xué)
(27)-ization (表示行為的過程或結(jié)果,“……化”,與動詞后綴-ize相對應(yīng))
computer—computerize—computerization計算機化
modern—modernize—modernization現(xiàn)代化
2.形容詞后綴
(1)-able
①“v.+able”(表示能……的、可以……的、適合于……的、值得……的)
adapt—adaptable可適應(yīng)的
cure—curable可治愈的
②“n.+able”(表示具有……特點的)
fashion—fashionable 時髦的
favo(u)r—favorable贊許的;有利的
(2)-ible (可……的,能……的,易……的或具有某種性質(zhì)的)
responsible負(fù)責(zé)的 
incredible不可信的
(3)-al (屬于……的,具有……性質(zhì)的,如……的)
accident—accidental偶然的
condition—conditional有條件的
logic—logical符合邏輯的
economic—economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的,節(jié)約的
(4)-ful (富有……的,充滿……的,易于……的)
faith—faithful忠實的
fruit—fruitful成果豐碩的
(5)-ic (……的)
drama—dramatic戲劇的,富有戲劇性的
system—systematic系統(tǒng)的
(6)-ical (……的)
theory—theoretical理論的
type—typical 典型的
(7)-ish (如……的,有……性質(zhì)的)
childish如小孩的,幼稚的 
girlish如少女的
(8)-ive (有……傾向的,有……性質(zhì)的)
produce—productive多產(chǎn)的
progress—progressive進(jìn)步的
(9)-ate (充滿……的,有……的特點)
passion—passionate熱情的
consider—considerate考慮周到的
(10)-ous (具有……的特點)
adventure—adventurous冒險的
space—spacious寬敞的
(11)-some (引起/令人……的)
trouble—troublesome引起麻煩的
tire—tiresome令人厭煩的
3.動詞后綴
(1)-ize/-ise (使,使……化;以……方式)
globe—globalize 全球化
modern—modernize現(xiàn)代化
(2)-(i)fy [使得,使……變成;使(某人)充滿(某種感情)]
simply—simplify 簡化   pure—purify凈化
(3)-(e)n (使具有某種特性)
quick—quicken 加快
short—shorten (使)變短
(4)-ate (使具有某種性質(zhì))
origin—originate 發(fā)源;起源
active—activate (使)活動;激活
4.副詞后綴
(1)-ly
①直接加-ly
actual—actually實際上
fortunate—fortunately幸運地
②(b,p,t)le結(jié)尾,去e加-(l)y
gentle—gently溫和地  whole—wholly完全地
③以ic結(jié)尾加-ally
energetic—energetically精力充沛地
basic—basically大體上,基本上
特殊詞:public—publicly公開地
④以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾,把y變i再加-ly
happy—happily高興地
特殊詞:shy—shyly害羞地
(2)-ward(s) (向,朝)
afterward(s) 以后,后來
backward(s) 向后地
在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1.The government wants to ____________(tough) the existing drug controls.
2.So far the well-known ____________(journal) has accumulated more than 4,000 interviews with famous people.
3.The famous ____________(music),as well as his students,was invited to perform at the New Year's party.
4.The ____________(library) told the student that he should return the book in two weeks.
5.From time to time I look at the photo as a ____________(remind) to show respect to all animals.
6.I've been offered a job for three years as an ____________(assist) to Professor Hayes from Birmingham University.
7.She also stimulated his ____________(curious) and opened his mind to other cultures.
8.Focusing on your ____________(strong) also helps you build your confidence.
9.In a good ____________ (marry),both husband and wife work hard to solve any problem that arises in their daily life.
10.I didn't think our meeting was ____________(accident) —he must have known I would be there.
11.Our great wish is that let every ____________(examine) go to their desired university.
12.We all went back to our ____________(respect) homes to wait for news.
13.You should carry your ____________(member) card with you at all times.
14.In this spirit,the Laureus World Sports Awards is an annual ceremony to honour ____________(remark) sportspeople.
15.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you ____________(memory) it.
16.Your research report is too long.You have to ____________ (simple) it in two pages.
17.The course helps teenagers ____________(broad) their knowledge of the world of work.
18.Reeve became a passionate and ____________(energy) advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities.
19.The fight ended only with the ____________(time) arrival of the police.
20.By 1969 the Civil Rights Movement had already been an ____________(establish) fact.
第二節(jié) 合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法
 合成法
1.合成形容詞
warm-hearted熱心的  cold-blooded冷血的
good-looking好看的
hard-working努力工作的
everlasting永恒的 never-ending 永無止境的
well known著名的 newly built新建的
high-speed高速度的 second-hand二手的
high-class高端的 duty-free免稅的
2.合成名詞
(1)形容詞+名詞:blackboard黑板
whiteboard白板
(2)名詞+名詞:airport機場   eyesight視力
website網(wǎng)址
(3)副詞+名詞:underwear內(nèi)衣
(4)動詞-ing形式+名詞:waiting room候機室
sleeping pill安眠藥
(5)動詞+名詞:pickpocket扒手
(6)名詞+動詞:daybreak拂曉  haircut發(fā)型
heartbeat心跳  handshake握手
(7)動詞+副詞:breakthrough突破
breakdown崩潰;故障
(8)副詞+動詞:income收入   input輸入
outbreak爆發(fā) output產(chǎn)量;輸出
3.合成動詞
uplift 高舉 whitewash 粉刷 uphold 支持
翻譯下列詞塊
1.a(chǎn) trouble-free life ________________
2.handmade clothes ________________
3.a(chǎn) second-class ticket ________________
4.a(chǎn) remote-controlled toy car ________________
5.top-secret information ________________
6.a(chǎn) first-hand experience ________________
7.the award-winning TV drama ________________
8.a(chǎn)n all-weather tennis court ________________
9.a(chǎn) groundbreaking study ________________
10.a(chǎn) diet-related change ________________
11.full-time education ________________
12.a(chǎn) short-sighted decision ________________
 轉(zhuǎn)化法
轉(zhuǎn)化法指的是不添加任何成分,不改變詞形,把一個詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類的方法。
1.轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
(1)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
book your ticket預(yù)定你的票
seat a thousand people 容納一千人
head for 朝……前進(jìn)
lunch together一起吃午餐
bridge over our difficulties 跨越我們(面臨)的困難
(2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞
better our living conditions 改善我們的生活條件
lower his voice降低他的聲音
(3)副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞(有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞)
Murder will out.(諺語)紙包不住火。
2.轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
(1)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
the old 老年人
a natural for...天生適合……的人
(2)動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
a man of strong build 一個體格健壯的人
寫出下列單詞的詞性以及詞義
1.Can you pour some water into that empty vase?
She emptied the water out of the vase. (        )
2.Each apartment is a house which six people live in.
Each apartment can house a family of six. (        )
3.If you want to cry,cry on my shoulder.
As teenagers,we must shoulder the responsibility of our nation. (        )
4.When the earthquake happened,people flooded to the playground.
There is a flood of people attending the lecture. (        )
5.He walked on a carpet of grass.
The forest floor was carpeted with wild flowers. (        )
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