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第2講　名詞性從句
　主語從句
1．主語從句引導詞
引導詞 用法 例句
that that 無意義， 在句子中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略 That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world． That the earth is round is a fact．
whether，if 意為“是否”，不充當句子成分，僅起連接作用。句首的主語從句只能用whether引導 Whether they will get married is not decided yet． Whether he likes this present is unclear．
連接代詞 what，who， whose， which， whoever， whatever， whichever 在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分，有意義且不可省略 What she did is not yet known． Who will go to the concert is not known． Which book they will choose is not clear． Whoever comes is welcome． Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize．
連接副詞 when， where， why， how 引導主語從句時，連接詞在從句中充當狀語，有意義且不可省略 When we arrive doesn't matter． Where the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided． Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery． How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is．
2．用it作形式主語的主語從句
語法規則 例句
It ＋ be＋ 形容詞(obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain，etc．)＋that從句 It is true that English is becoming an international language． It is necessary that you (should) master some computer skills．
It ＋ be＋名詞短語(no wonder，an honor，a pity，a good thing，no surprise，a fact，a shame，etc．)＋ that從句 It is a great pity that you missed the film． It is no wonder that you are so tired．
It ＋ be＋ 過去分詞 (said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，suggested，etc．) ＋that從句 It's said that Mr Green has arrived in London． It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off．
It＋動詞/動詞短語(seem，appear，happen，matter，occur to等)＋從句 It doesn't matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store．
　賓語從句
1．賓語從句引導詞
引導詞 用法 例句
that that引導的賓語從句，that可省略。但一個句子當中有多個并列的賓語從句時，第一個that可省略，其余的不可省略 He said (that) we were too young to understand the matter and that we should turn to our professor．
2．用it作形式賓語的賓語從句
語法規則 例句
(1)動詞(find/feel/think/ consider/make)＋it＋賓語補足語(形容詞或名詞)＋不定式/從句 (2)動詞(hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy)＋it＋從句 (3)動詞短語(see to/depend on/rely on)＋it＋從句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb．that＋從句 We have made it clear that a foreign language is a useful weapon in the struggle of life． Don't depend on it that you can travel around the world if you don't work hard．
　表語從句
1．表語從句連接詞
語法規則 例句
從屬連詞that，whether只起連接作用，不作成分；連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語；連接副詞在從句中作狀語 Without his support，we wouldn't be where we are now． By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
2．其他連接詞引導的表語從句
語法規則 例句
This is because...(強調原因)這是因為…… This is why...(強調結果)這就是……的原因。 This is how...這就是……的方法。 The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… The reason why we plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air．
　同位語從句
1．that與whether引導的同位語從句
語法規則 例句
that引導同位語從句，只起引導詞作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，但不能省略 We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match．
whether引導的同位語從句，在從句中不作成分，意為“是否”，不能省略，不能用if替換 They had the question whether he could pass the final exam．
2．連接代詞和連接副詞引導的同位語從句
語法規則 例句
連接代詞who，whom，what，which，whose引導同位語從句時在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語 I have no idea who will be in charge of our group．
連接副詞 when，where，how，why引導同位語從句時在句中充當狀語 He showed us his way how he worked out that problem．
　重難點突破
1．what引導的名詞性從句
語法規則 例句
what引導主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句，同時在從句中作主語、賓語或表語 What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams．
2．只能用whether不能用if的情況
語法規則 例句
①引導主語從句置于句首時； ②引導表語從句和同位語從句時； ③引導介詞的賓語從句時； ④引導詞與or not連用時； ⑤引導詞后接to do時； ⑥有些動詞如discuss，decide等后的賓語從句 I'm interested in whether he likes English． Let me know whether or not he has passed the exam． I really don't know whether to accept or refuse．
3．wh-與wh-ever引導的名詞性從句的區別
what意為“什么”，帶有疑問意味，意為“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思；who意為“誰”，帶有疑問意味；which意為“哪一個”，帶有疑問意味 Do you know who broke the window？
whatever，whoever，whichever分別意為“……的一切事或東西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一種東西”等，并且充當成分，相當于anything that，anyone who等。 Whoever broke the window will be punished．
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of the time，they agreed．
2．What puzzles Lily's friends is ____________ she always has so many crazy ideas．
3．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ____________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown．
4．What students do at college seems to matter much more than ____________ they go．
5．It is calculated ____________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure．
6．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about ____________ frequently each of you wants to be contacted and ____________ method works best for you both．
7．He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing．That was ____________ none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team．
8．____________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes．
9．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____________ she lived．
10．The student completed this experiment to make come true ____________ Professor Joseph had said．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．However，from my point of view，____________________________ is reading English books，for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English．
然而，在我看來，學生最受益的是閱讀英語書籍，因為它可以幫助學生對英語有更深的理解。
2．__________________________________ we individuals should raise our awareness of environmental protection，reducing our carbon footprint．
非常重要的是，我們個人應該提高我們的環境保護意識，減少我們的碳足跡。
3．No one can deny the fact ______________________________________________．
沒有人能否認海洋污染正變得越來越嚴重這一事實。
4．I'm sorry that I can't go out with you as planned．____________________________
____________________________ the other day and I must look after him．
很抱歉，我不能按計劃和你出去。原因是我弟弟前幾天摔斷了腿，我必須照顧他。
5．I recommend ____________________________________________________，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot．
我建議你選擇聽說課程，因為這門課程完全是用中文教授的，這會對你有很大的益處。
6．________________________________ was the inspiration from the yellow dandelions．
是美麗的黃色蒲公英給了我克服困難的靈感。
7．____________ all of a sudden ________________________________．
我突然想起我忘記了她的生日。
Ⅲ．語法填空
1．____________ worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2．____________ she puts on too much weight and is frequently ill．She has some doubts 3．____________ she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar．Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days．Maybe this is 4．____________ she becomes fatter these days，she thinks．
5．____________ she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task．So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions．But where she can get better suggestions and 6．____________ will give her better advice also puzzle her．Her parents made a suggestion 7．____________ she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital．Professor Wang suggested 8．____________ she keep a balanced diet first，and that she should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein．What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day．Mary asked Professor Wang 9．____________ she should take exercise．Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon．That is 10．____________ she will have more time to do sports．It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now．
7 / 7第2講　名詞性從句
　主語從句
1．主語從句引導詞
引導詞 用法 例句
that that 無意義， 在句子中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略 That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world． That the earth is round is a fact．
whether，if 意為“是否”，不充當句子成分，僅起連接作用。句首的主語從句只能用whether引導 Whether they will get married is not decided yet． Whether he likes this present is unclear．
連接代詞 what，who， whose， which， whoever， whatever， whichever 在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分，有意義且不可省略 What she did is not yet known． Who will go to the concert is not known． Which book they will choose is not clear． Whoever comes is welcome． Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize．
連接副詞 when， where， why， how 引導主語從句時，連接詞在從句中充當狀語，有意義且不可省略 When we arrive doesn't matter． Where the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided． Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery． How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is．
2．用it作形式主語的主語從句
語法規則 例句
It ＋ be＋ 形容詞(obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain，etc．)＋that從句 It is true that English is becoming an international language． It is necessary that you (should) master some computer skills．
It ＋ be＋名詞短語(no wonder，an honor，a pity，a good thing，no surprise，a fact，a shame，etc．)＋ that從句 It is a great pity that you missed the film． It is no wonder that you are so tired．
It ＋ be＋ 過去分詞 (said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，suggested，etc．) ＋that從句 It's said that Mr Green has arrived in London． It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off．
It＋動詞/動詞短語(seem，appear，happen，matter，occur to等)＋從句 It doesn't matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store．
　賓語從句
1．賓語從句引導詞
引導詞 用法 例句
that that引導的賓語從句，that可省略。但一個句子當中有多個并列的賓語從句時，第一個that可省略，其余的不可省略 He said (that) we were too young to understand the matter and that we should turn to our professor．
2．用it作形式賓語的賓語從句
語法規則 例句
(1)動詞(find/feel/think/ consider/make)＋it＋賓語補足語(形容詞或名詞)＋不定式/從句 (2)動詞(hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy)＋it＋從句 (3)動詞短語(see to/depend on/rely on)＋it＋從句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb．that＋從句 We have made it clear that a foreign language is a useful weapon in the struggle of life． Don't depend on it that you can travel around the world if you don't work hard．
　表語從句
1．表語從句連接詞
語法規則 例句
從屬連詞that，whether只起連接作用，不作成分；連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語；連接副詞在從句中作狀語 Without his support，we wouldn't be where we are now． By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived．
2．其他連接詞引導的表語從句
語法規則 例句
This is because...(強調原因)這是因為…… This is why...(強調結果)這就是……的原因。 This is how...這就是……的方法。 The reason why...is that...……的原因是…… The reason why we plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air．
　同位語從句
1．that與whether引導的同位語從句
語法規則 例句
that引導同位語從句，只起引導詞作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，但不能省略 We were excited at the news that our football team had won a third match．
whether引導的同位語從句，在從句中不作成分，意為“是否”，不能省略，不能用if替換 They had the question whether he could pass the final exam．
2．連接代詞和連接副詞引導的同位語從句
語法規則 例句
連接代詞who，whom，what，which，whose引導同位語從句時在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語 I have no idea who will be in charge of our group．
連接副詞 when，where，how，why引導同位語從句時在句中充當狀語 He showed us his way how he worked out that problem．
　重難點突破
1．what引導的名詞性從句
語法規則 例句
what引導主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句，同時在從句中作主語、賓語或表語 What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams．
2．只能用whether不能用if的情況
語法規則 例句
①引導主語從句置于句首時； ②引導表語從句和同位語從句時； ③引導介詞的賓語從句時； ④引導詞與or not連用時； ⑤引導詞后接to do時； ⑥有些動詞如discuss，decide等后的賓語從句 I'm interested in whether he likes English． Let me know whether or not he has passed the exam． I really don't know whether to accept or refuse．
3．wh-與wh-ever引導的名詞性從句的區別
what意為“什么”，帶有疑問意味，意為“……的事情”，表示肯定的意思；who意為“誰”，帶有疑問意味；which意為“哪一個”，帶有疑問意味 Do you know who broke the window？
whatever，whoever，whichever分別意為“……的一切事或東西”“任何……的人”“……的任何一種東西”等，并且充當成分，相當于anything that，anyone who等。 Whoever broke the window will be punished．
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of the time，they agreed．
2．What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas．
3．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown．
4．What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go．
5．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure．
6．Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both．
7．He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing．That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team．
8．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes．
9．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about where she lived．
10．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．However，from my point of view，what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English．
然而，在我看來，學生最受益的是閱讀英語書籍，因為它可以幫助學生對英語有更深的理解。
2．What is of great importance is that we individuals should raise our awareness of environmental protection，reducing our carbon footprint．
非常重要的是，我們個人應該提高我們的環境保護意識，減少我們的碳足跡。
3．No one can deny the fact that ocean pollution is becoming more and more serious．
沒有人能否認海洋污染正變得越來越嚴重這一事實。
4．I'm sorry that I can't go out with you as planned．The reason is that my younger brother broke his leg the other day and I must look after him．
很抱歉，我不能按計劃和你出去。原因是我弟弟前幾天摔斷了腿，我必須照顧他。
5．I recommend that you choose the Listening and Speaking course，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot．
我建議你選擇聽說課程，因為這門課程完全是用中文教授的，這會對你有很大的益處。
6．What encouraged me to overcome the difficulty was the inspiration from the yellow dandelions．
是美麗的黃色蒲公英給了我克服困難的靈感。
7．It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday．
我突然想起我忘記了她的生日。
Ⅲ．語法填空
1．What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2．that she puts on too much weight and is frequently ill．She has some doubts 3．whether she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar．Also，with the College Entrance Examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days．Maybe this is 4．why she becomes fatter these days，she thinks．
5．How she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task．So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions．But where she can get better suggestions and 6．who will give her better advice also puzzle her．Her parents made a suggestion 7．that she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital．Professor Wang suggested 8．that she keep a balanced diet first，and that she should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein．What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she had better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day．Mary asked Professor Wang 9．when she should take exercise．Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon．That is 10．because she will have more time to do sports．It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now．
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