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第3講　并列句和狀語從句
　并列連詞
用法 常考并列連詞
表示轉折、對比關系 but，yet (然而)，while (然而)等
表示并列關系 and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...，neither...nor...等
表示選擇關系 or，either...or...，not...but...等
表示因果關系 so，for(一般不放在句首)等
特殊并列連詞 并列句
when可用作并列連詞，意為“這時，那時”，相當于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①Sb．was/is about to do sth．when...“某人正要做某事，這時突然……” ②Sb．was/is on the point of doing sth．when...“某人正要做某事，這時突然……” ③Sb．was/is doing sth．when...“某人正在做某事，這時突然……” ④Sb．had just done sth．when...“某人剛做完某事，這時突然……” “祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”結構中，有時祈使句部分也可用名詞短語
　時間狀語從句
1．when，while和as
引導詞 例句
when(可與延續或非延續性動詞連用) When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly．
while(只與延續性動詞連用) While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images．
as(常與延續性動詞連用) As he grew older，he became less active．
2．表示“一……就……”含義的詞或詞組
引導詞 例句
as soon as I'll call you as soon as I get home．
the moment， the minute， the instant The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy．
immediately， directly，instantly Immediately she'd gone，I remembered her name．
hardly...when...， no sooner...than... Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once．
3．till/until的用法
語法規則 例句
till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……為止”，其主句謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的謂語動詞必須為非延續性動詞。until可位于句首，而till不能位于句首 If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out．
4．before和since
語法規則 例句
since引導時間狀語從句，表示“自從……以來”，常用結構為“It is/has been＋一段時間＋since...”(從句用一般過去時) It is / has been four years since we moved here．
(1)It will be＋時間段＋before從句(一般現在時) (2)It＋was＋時間段＋before從句(一般過去時) It will be four hours before his flight arrives． It was ten years before the couple met again．
5．其他常見名詞短語引導的時間狀語從句
引導詞 例句
every time每次 the first time第一次 by the time到……時候 Every time I meet her，I have always forgotten her name．
　其他狀語從句
引導詞 例句
where，wherever(地點狀語從句) Where there is a will，there is a way． Safety should always be the top priority wherever we are．
if，unless，as long as，so long as，on condition that，in case，suppose/supposing that，provided/providing that等(條件狀語從句) You should go to school unless you are seriously ill． He will certainly pass the exam next time if he works hard at his lessons．
only if和if only(條件狀語從句) Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others． If only it would stop raining！
because，since，as，now that，in that等(原因狀語從句) Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line． As he is a League member，he takes the lead in everything in his class．
although，though，while，as，even if/though，whatever，however，whoever，whenever，whether...or，no matter what/who/how/when等(讓步狀語從句) Although the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends． Whether it is fine or not，I shall go out for an outing tomorrow．
Tired as/though I was，I went on with my work． Child as/though he is，he can speak two languages．
I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am． Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently．
so...that...， such...that...， so that，such that(結果狀語從句) I'm so fluent in English that I have no trouble in talking to local people． It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times． I got up late so that I missed the early bus．
Such a learned person is he that we all admire him very much． So fast did he run that I couldn't catch him．
as，just as，as if，as though(方式狀語從句) We should work and study as he did． They talked as if they had been friends for years．
as...as...，not as/so...as，比較級＋than(比較狀語從句) He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class． He is taller than any other student in our class．
so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)(目的狀語從句) She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university． Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain．
　狀語從句的省略
語法規則 例句
從句和主句的主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞時，從句的主語和be動詞可省略 When (you are) crossing the street，you should be careful． He fell off the horse as if (he was) shot． He opened his mouth as if (he was) to say something．
在if it is possible，when it is necessary等類似結構中，it is常可省略 If (it is) possible，he hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need．
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and see the pandas settle into their new home．
2．The data is based on more than 491，000 older adults who used home care between 2007 and 2013 and is focused on people who are likely to die within the next five years．
3．The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets (資產) for future generations”．
4．He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him．
5．Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs．
6．My bike was old and shaky but did the job．
7．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s．
8．We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it's at work，at home，or at school．
9．They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died，and then it was given to a museum．
10．As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．Before I could say anything，he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step．
我還沒來得及說話，他就邁著輕快的步子沖出去，奔向簡。
2．When I finished all the preparations，my heart was full of excitement．
當我完成了所有的準備工作，我的心充滿了興奮。
3．As we sat down to have breakfast that day，I felt truly grateful for all that we had．
那天，當我們坐下來吃早餐時，我由衷地感激我們所擁有的一切。
4．Although I lost full marks，I gained the most beautiful qualities．
雖然我沒有得滿分，但我獲得了最美麗的品質。
5．As soon as I arrived in class，I handed the letter to the teacher．
我一到教室就把信交給了老師。
6．He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much．(such)
→He is so learned a person that we all admire him very much．(so)
他是一個如此知識淵博的人，以至于我們都非常欣賞他。
Ⅲ．語法填空
With Windows 11，Microsoft is introducing modern touches to the experience of using a PC．
Most noticeably，a new design is meant to help users more quickly get 1．what they're looking for．The changes go beyond the surface，2．though．Microsoft is changing the rules of its app store to bring more varieties and even bring Android apps to the PC．New touch screen controls and a better way to configure (安裝) software on screen might make it easier to sit in front of the computer for long periods．
Much is on the line．Windows is central to Microsoft，3．as/because companies use it for their employees'machines 4．and consumers use it for entertainment．The current version，Windows 10，is the top PC operating system in the world，5．and the company doesn't want to lose that leadership position 6．when it faces competition from Apple and Google．
On Monday，Microsoft released its first preview build of the software to people participating in the Windows Insider Program，giving people their first chance to try out what's new．
7．If you want to test it yourself，go to the Settings app in Windows 10．Just be warned：The software is still new and not very extensively tested，8．and it contains some issues，so 9．that you might have to figure out other ways．
10．If you want to keep Windows'bugs to a minimum，then you probably shouldn't upgrade yet．Microsoft plans to start rolling out the upgrade more widely later this year and into next year．
2 / 7第3講　并列句和狀語從句
　并列連詞
用法 常考并列連詞
表示轉折、對比關系 but，yet (然而)，while (然而)等
表示并列關系 and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...，neither...nor...等
表示選擇關系 or，either...or...，not...but...等
表示因果關系 so，for(一般不放在句首)等
特殊并列連詞 并列句
when可用作并列連詞，意為“這時，那時”，相當于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： ①Sb．was/is about to do sth．when...“某人正要做某事，這時突然……” ②Sb．was/is on the point of doing sth．when...“某人正要做某事，這時突然……” ③Sb．was/is doing sth．when...“某人正在做某事，這時突然……” ④Sb．had just done sth．when...“某人剛做完某事，這時突然……” “祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”結構中，有時祈使句部分也可用名詞短語
　時間狀語從句
1．when，while和as
引導詞 例句
when(可與延續或非延續性動詞連用) When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly．
while(只與延續性動詞連用) While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images．
as(常與延續性動詞連用) As he grew older，he became less active．
2．表示“一……就……”含義的詞或詞組
引導詞 例句
as soon as I'll call you as soon as I get home．
the moment， the minute， the instant The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy．
immediately， directly，instantly Immediately she'd gone，I remembered her name．
hardly...when...， no sooner...than... Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once．
3．till/until的用法
語法規則 例句
till/until用于肯定句，表示“直到……為止”，其主句謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的謂語動詞必須為非延續性動詞。until可位于句首，而till不能位于句首 If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out．
4．before和since
語法規則 例句
since引導時間狀語從句，表示“自從……以來”，常用結構為“It is/has been＋一段時間＋since...”(從句用一般過去時) It is / has been four years since we moved here．
(1)It will be＋時間段＋before從句(一般現在時) (2)It＋was＋時間段＋before從句(一般過去時) It will be four hours before his flight arrives． It was ten years before the couple met again．
5．其他常見名詞短語引導的時間狀語從句
引導詞 例句
every time每次 the first time第一次 by the time到……時候 Every time I meet her，I have always forgotten her name．
　其他狀語從句
引導詞 例句
where，wherever(地點狀語從句) Where there is a will，there is a way． Safety should always be the top priority wherever we are．
if，unless，as long as，so long as，on condition that，in case，suppose/supposing that，provided/providing that等(條件狀語從句) You should go to school unless you are seriously ill． He will certainly pass the exam next time if he works hard at his lessons．
only if和if only(條件狀語從句) Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others． If only it would stop raining！
because，since，as，now that，in that等(原因狀語從句) Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line． As he is a League member，he takes the lead in everything in his class．
although，though，while，as，even if/though，whatever，however，whoever，whenever，whether...or，no matter what/who/how/when等(讓步狀語從句) Although the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends． Whether it is fine or not，I shall go out for an outing tomorrow．
Tired as/though I was，I went on with my work． Child as/though he is，he can speak two languages．
I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am． Whenever/No matter when we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently．
so...that...， such...that...， so that，such that(結果狀語從句) I'm so fluent in English that I have no trouble in talking to local people． It was such an interesting novel that I read it three times． I got up late so that I missed the early bus．
Such a learned person is he that we all admire him very much． So fast did he run that I couldn't catch him．
as，just as，as if，as though(方式狀語從句) We should work and study as he did． They talked as if they had been friends for years．
as...as...，not as/so...as，比較級＋than(比較狀語從句) He works as hard as everyone else (does) in the class． He is taller than any other student in our class．
so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)(目的狀語從句) She studies hard so that/in order that she can enter a key university． Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain．
　狀語從句的省略
語法規則 例句
從句和主句的主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞時，從句的主語和be動詞可省略 When (you are) crossing the street，you should be careful． He fell off the horse as if (he was) shot． He opened his mouth as if (he was) to say something．
在if it is possible，when it is necessary等類似結構中，it is常可省略 If (it is) possible，he hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need．
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ____________ see the pandas settle into their new home．
2．The data is based on more than 491，000 older adults who used home care between 2007 and 2013 ____________ is focused on people who are likely to die within the next five years．
3．The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，____________ leaving behind precious natural assets (資產) for future generations”．
4．He hung on for a few minutes ____________ screamed for his father，but his father didn't hear him．
5．Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure ____________ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs．
6．My bike was old and shaky ____________ did the job．
7．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s．
8．We all need to get involved in saving energy ____________ it's at work，at home，or at school．
9．They kept their collection at home until it got too big ____________ until they died，and then it was given to a museum．
10．____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．__________________________________，he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step．
我還沒來得及說話，他就邁著輕快的步子沖出去，奔向簡。
2．____________________________________，my heart was full of excitement．
當我完成了所有的準備工作，我的心充滿了興奮。
3．__________________________________________________，I felt truly grateful for all that we had．
那天，當我們坐下來吃早餐時，我由衷地感激我們所擁有的一切。
4．____________________________，I gained the most beautiful qualities．
雖然我沒有得滿分，但我獲得了最美麗的品質。
5．____________________________，I handed the letter to the teacher．
我一到教室就把信交給了老師。
6．He is ____________________ we all admire him very much．(such)
→He is ____________________ we all admire him very much．(so)
他是一個如此知識淵博的人，以至于我們都非常欣賞他。
Ⅲ．語法填空
With Windows 11，Microsoft is introducing modern touches to the experience of using a PC．
Most noticeably，a new design is meant to help users more quickly get 1．____________ they're looking for．The changes go beyond the surface，2．____________．Microsoft is changing the rules of its app store to bring more varieties and even bring Android apps to the PC．New touch screen controls and a better way to configure (安裝) software on screen might make it easier to sit in front of the computer for long periods．
Much is on the line．Windows is central to Microsoft，3．____________ companies use it for their employees' machines 4．____________ consumers use it for entertainment．The current version，Windows 10，is the top PC operating system in the world，5．____________ the company doesn't want to lose that leadership position 6．____________ it faces competition from Apple and Google．
On Monday，Microsoft released its first preview build of the software to people participating in the Windows Insider Program，giving people their first chance to try out what's new．
7．____________ you want to test it yourself，go to the Settings app in Windows 10．Just be warned：The software is still new and not very extensively tested，8．____________ it contains some issues，so 9．____________ you might have to figure out other ways．
10．____________ you want to keep Windows' bugs to a minimum，then you probably shouldn't upgrade yet．Microsoft plans to start rolling out the upgrade more widely later this year and into next year．
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