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第4講　特殊句式
　強調句
語法規則 例句
該句型可對句子的主語、表語、賓語、同位語、狀語等進行強調。當強調部分是人，且作主語時，引導詞也可用who。強調主語時，that/who之后的謂語動詞在人稱和數上要和被強調的主語保持一致 I met her in the park yesterday． It was I that/who met her in the park yesterday．(強調主語) It was her that I met in the park yesterday．(強調賓語) It was in the park that I met her yesterday．(強調地點狀語) It was yesterday that I met her in the park．(強調時間狀語)
強調句型的疑問句結構： 一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？
not...until的強調句型結構：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。不強調時且not until位于句首，主句需要部分倒裝 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital． Not until yesterday was I told that he was ill in hospital．
It is/was...who/that...結構不能強調謂語動詞。可用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞，用于一般現在時和一般過去時的肯定句中，do還可以用于祈使句 I do hope you will make it． She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it．
　倒裝句
1．部分倒裝
語法規則 例句
句首否定詞 ＋ 部分倒裝 (never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，not until，nowhere，neither...nor...等) 注意：①hardly/scarcely和no sooner放在句首，主句部分倒裝，且用過去完成時；②not only...but also連接并列句且not only位于句首時，not only所在的句子部分倒裝，but also所在的句子不倒裝；③not until位于句首時，not until所在的從句不倒裝，主句需要部分倒裝 原句：I knew little that you were Romeo． 倒裝句：Little did I know that you were Romeo． Seldom has she met him recently． In no case will I give up． No sooner/Hardly had I arrived at home than/when it began to rain． Not only did we gain a lot of knowledge，but also we improved our health． Not until yesterday did I realize how important this matter is．
only＋狀語(介詞短語，副詞，狀語從句)置于句首時，主句要進行部分倒裝。 only＋主語則不用倒裝 Only recently have I become aware of the importance of taking exercise． Only in this way can we succeed．
so/such...that...結構中的so，such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調時，主句要用部分倒裝 So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule．
as，though引導讓步狀語從句時的特殊倒裝 Tired as/though we are，we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world． Try as/though he might，he couldn't solve the problem．
在含有had，were，should的虛擬條件句，若省略if，則if從句使用部分倒裝 If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．→Had I left a little earlier，I would have caught the train． If I were you，I should work hard．→Were I you，I should work hard．
2．全部倒裝(注意主謂一致，找到真正的主語)
語法規則 例句
here，there，now，then或 out，in，up，down，away，off 等副詞開頭的句子＋謂語動詞(be，go，come) 注意：主語是人稱代詞，語序不變 There goes the bus． Out ran the teacher． Then came a new difficulty． Now comes your turn． Here you are． Out it comes．
當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞(詞組)時，常常引起全部倒裝 On the wall hang two large portraits． In the south of the city lies a steel factory． In front of the house parks a new car．
主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結構的需要，將表語提前 Gone are the days when we are enslaved． Present at the meeting are ten famous writers． Among the children was an old man．
以引導詞there開頭的句子，須使用倒裝結構，除 there be 外還有there live/stand/lie/exist等 There is one book and two oranges on the desk． There stands a big tree on the top of the hill．
　祈使句和感嘆句
1．祈使句
語法規則 例句
祈使句用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般為第二人稱(通常省略)，有時也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代詞 Work hard，and you will make progress in English． Never answer the phone while driving． Let Tom go there himself．
2．感嘆句
語法規則 例句
What＋a/an＋adj．＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ What＋adj．＋可數名詞復數/不可數名詞＋主語＋謂語！ I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made．
How＋adj．＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ How＋adj．/adv．＋主語＋謂語！ How＋主語＋謂語！ How interesting a story it is！＝What an interesting story it is！
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．You are waiting at a wrong place．It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists．
2．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized．
3．John's success has nothing to do with good luck．It is years of hard work that has made him what he is today．
4．Not only do (do) the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well．
5．Among the crises that face humans is (be) the lack of natural resources．
6．Not until he went through real hardship did (do) he realize the love we have for our families is．
7．Never before has (have) she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert．
8．Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered．(強調句型)
馬丁意識到重要的不是朋友的數量，而是質量。
2．Never before in my life had I been so overwhelmed with such grievance and helplessness that I stood there motionless．(倒裝)
在我的一生中，我從來沒有被這樣的委屈和無助所壓倒，我一動不動地站在那里。
3．So excited was Sergio that his arms trembled slightly．(倒裝)
Sergio興奮得手臂微微顫抖。
4．Not only does it enrich our school life but it also motivates our passion to learn English well．(倒裝)
它不僅豐富了我們的學校生活，也激發了我們學好英語的熱情。
5．Panicked as/though I was，I attempted to collect my thoughts，trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible．(倒裝)
盡管我很驚慌，但我試圖整理思緒，試圖用盡可能簡潔的方式解釋當時的情況。
Ⅲ．語法填空
Never 1．did(do) Disha Florence think she would become a web novelist．The lady from Bangladesh，was trying to find a way to free herself from the restrictions faced by a woman，2．a wish she has had since she was 8．It was then 3．that she observed that being a girl meant she couldn't play in the park like boys，and that she needed to learn to do housework．
As she grew up，she realized that without experience and knowledge，it's impossible to be free．Therefore，while 4．continuing (continue) her study，Florence worked as a volunteer，going to places and meeting people with or without her parents'5．Permission (permit)．Her father told her，“You need to make your own money to do as you wish．”Florence found this advice 6．logical (logic)，but didn't know what to do．
At 22，she noticed on the Chinese reading app WebNovel that the website was hiring authors who 7．were said (say) to be able to make much money．
Without thinking 8．further(far)，Florence started writing and became a professional web novelist．9．Inspired (inspire) by popular Chinese“CEO novels”on the app，Florence wrote her first book．This story about self-respect and self-love，10．whose characters are Chinese，is set in Europe．
6 / 6第4講　特殊句式
　強調句
語法規則 例句
該句型可對句子的主語、表語、賓語、同位語、狀語等進行強調。當強調部分是人，且作主語時，引導詞也可用who。強調主語時，that/who之后的謂語動詞在人稱和數上要和被強調的主語保持一致 I met her in the park yesterday． It was I that/who met her in the park yesterday．(強調主語) It was her that I met in the park yesterday．(強調賓語) It was in the park that I met her yesterday．(強調地點狀語) It was yesterday that I met her in the park．(強調時間狀語)
強調句型的疑問句結構： 一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？
not...until的強調句型結構：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。不強調時且not until位于句首，主句需要部分倒裝 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital． Not until yesterday was I told that he was ill in hospital．
It is/was...who/that...結構不能強調謂語動詞。可用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞，用于一般現在時和一般過去時的肯定句中，do還可以用于祈使句 I do hope you will make it． She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it．
　倒裝句
1．部分倒裝
語法規則 例句
句首否定詞 ＋ 部分倒裝 (never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，not until，nowhere，neither...nor...等) 注意：①hardly/scarcely和no sooner放在句首，主句部分倒裝，且用過去完成時；②not only...but also連接并列句且not only位于句首時，not only所在的句子部分倒裝，but also所在的句子不倒裝；③not until位于句首時，not until所在的從句不倒裝，主句需要部分倒裝 原句：I knew little that you were Romeo． 倒裝句：Little did I know that you were Romeo． Seldom has she met him recently． In no case will I give up． No sooner/Hardly had I arrived at home than/when it began to rain． Not only did we gain a lot of knowledge，but also we improved our health． Not until yesterday did I realize how important this matter is．
only＋狀語(介詞短語，副詞，狀語從句)置于句首時，主句要進行部分倒裝。 only＋主語則不用倒裝 Only recently have I become aware of the importance of taking exercise． Only in this way can we succeed．
so/such...that...結構中的so，such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調時，主句要用部分倒裝 So significant is the volleyball match that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule．
as，though引導讓步狀語從句時的特殊倒裝 Tired as/though we are，we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world． Try as/though he might，he couldn't solve the problem．
在含有had，were，should的虛擬條件句，若省略if，則if從句使用部分倒裝 If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．→Had I left a little earlier，I would have caught the train． If I were you，I should work hard．→Were I you，I should work hard．
2．全部倒裝(注意主謂一致，找到真正的主語)
語法規則 例句
here，there，now，then或 out，in，up，down，away，off 等副詞開頭的句子＋謂語動詞(be，go，come) 注意：主語是人稱代詞，語序不變 There goes the bus． Out ran the teacher． Then came a new difficulty． Now comes your turn． Here you are． Out it comes．
當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞(詞組)時，常常引起全部倒裝 On the wall hang two large portraits． In the south of the city lies a steel factory． In front of the house parks a new car．
主語太長，表語太短，為了平衡句子結構的需要，將表語提前 Gone are the days when we are enslaved． Present at the meeting are ten famous writers． Among the children was an old man．
以引導詞there開頭的句子，須使用倒裝結構，除 there be 外還有there live/stand/lie/exist等 There is one book and two oranges on the desk． There stands a big tree on the top of the hill．
　祈使句和感嘆句
1．祈使句
語法規則 例句
祈使句用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、勸告等。祈使句的主語一般為第二人稱(通常省略)，有時也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代詞 Work hard，and you will make progress in English． Never answer the phone while driving． Let Tom go there himself．
2．感嘆句
語法規則 例句
What＋a/an＋adj．＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ What＋adj．＋可數名詞復數/不可數名詞＋主語＋謂語！ I was surprised by her words，which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made．
How＋adj．＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋主語＋謂語！ How＋adj．/adv．＋主語＋謂語！ How＋主語＋謂語！ How interesting a story it is！＝What an interesting story it is！
Ⅰ．單句語法填空
1．You are waiting at a wrong place．It is at the hotel ____________ the coach picks up tourists．
2．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ____________ his musical gift was fully recognized．
3．John's success has nothing to do with good luck．It is years of hard work ____________ has made him what he is today．
4．Not only ____________ (do) the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well．
5．Among the crises that face humans ____________ (be) the lack of natural resources．
6．Not until he went through real hardship ____________ (do) he realize the love we have for our families is．
7．Never before ____________ (have) she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert．
8．Hot ____________ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey．
Ⅱ．語法鏈接寫作
1．Martin realized ______________________________________________ mattered．(強調句型)
馬丁意識到重要的不是朋友的數量，而是質量。
2．________________________________________ with such grievance and helplessness that I stood there motionless．(倒裝)
在我的一生中，我從來沒有被這樣的委屈和無助所壓倒，我一動不動地站在那里。
3．____________________________ his arms trembled slightly．(倒裝)
Sergio興奮得手臂微微顫抖。
4．____________________________________ but it also motivates our passion to learn English well．(倒裝)
它不僅豐富了我們的學校生活，也激發了我們學好英語的熱情。
5．________________________________，I attempted to collect my thoughts，trying to explain the situation in the way as concise as possible．(倒裝)
盡管我很驚慌，但我試圖整理思緒，試圖用盡可能簡潔的方式解釋當時的情況。
Ⅲ．語法填空
Never 1．____________(do) Disha Florence think she would become a web novelist．The lady from Bangladesh，was trying to find a way to free herself from the restrictions faced by a woman，2．____________ wish she has had since she was 8．It was then 3．____________ she observed that being a girl meant she couldn't play in the park like boys，and that she needed to learn to do housework．
As she grew up，she realized that without experience and knowledge，it's impossible to be free．Therefore，while 4．____________ (continue) her study，Florence worked as a volunteer，going to places and meeting people with or without her parents' 5．____________(permit)．Her father told her，“You need to make your own money to do as you wish．” Florence found this advice 6．____________ (logic)，but didn't know what to do．
At 22，she noticed on the Chinese reading app WebNovel that the website was hiring authors who 7．____________ (say) to be able to make much money．
Without thinking 8．____________(far)，Florence started writing and became a professional web novelist．9．____________ (inspire) by popular Chinese “CEO novels” on the app，Florence wrote her first book．This story about self-respect and self-love，10．____________ characters are Chinese，is set in Europe．
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