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中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
專題--名詞辨析 提升練
2026年高考英語復習備考
一、名詞辨析單項選擇
1．I almost cried at the beauty and of youth to make a positive impact on the Earth.
A．promise B．power C．imagination D．innocence
2．Over the last twenty years, I have coached thousands of people. I have heard some _______ of the following many times: “How can I get my boss/colleague to treat me like I am part of the team ”
A．assumptions B．options C．questions D．suggestions
3．I entered the cat section of the shelter, observing all the ears turning as my footsteps echoed down the hall. Then I was drawn to a cage with a large message written in red marker: “ , He Bites!”
A．Proposal B．Warning C．Patience D．Safety
4．If you are in a party and are not sure whether everyone “speaks football”, think about talking about another_________of your weekend.
A．element B．day C．person D．party
5．It is influencing his business in a positive way, bringing awareness and ______ to the store as well as spreading positive energy throughout the community.
A．profits B．stability C．attention D．benefits
6．He was very dirty and obviously very hungry. He asked me for some ________ to buy a little food. As I was pulling out some, I had an idea.
A．budget B．change C．charge D．payment
7．A few weeks later he informed me that be had received the from his principal to get postcards signed by the kids at his school and developed an action plan.
A．invitation B．prize C．service D．permission
8．Derwydd told the tense experience, stating, “We realized we needed to act quickly to ensure the safety of the trapped ewes. The small piece of land they were on was reducing rapidly, and the _____ was increasing.”
A．curiosity B．conflict C．crisis D．attraction
二、語法填空
9．The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take (measure) to bring eco-environment, construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
10．It does not matter on the absolute (weigh). (所給詞的適當形式填空)
11．Since its founding in 2004, the cultural fair has seen a continuous (expand) in its exhibition scale, visitor number and degree of internationalization. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
12．Among 15 major (category), urban, western and eastern fantasy, gaming, and science fiction emerged as the five most popular types among overseas readers. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
13．Shanghai is located in the east coast of the mid-latitude land mass; therefore, warm and cold air-current is a frequent (visit). (所給詞的適當形式填空)
14．Many commented that they were inspired by the (combine) of traditional culture and modern music and loved how it captured the essence of both forms of art. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
15．The Confucius Institute also organized workshops, such as calligraphy, painting, tea art, cultural (perform) and food tasting, to showcase traditional Chinese culture in an all-round way and to build a platform for people-to-people and cultural exchanges between China and Slovenia. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
16．The term “stooper” was coined in the US after a lot of people put their used or underused (belong) in front of their doorsteps to be taken away for free by those in need. （所給詞的適當形式填空）
17．The (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a happier mood. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
18．The giant torchbearer, with a new name “Wave Rider”, made a return (appear) for the closing ceremony in Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium, which is referred to as the “Big Lotus”. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
19．Created in 2010, Chinese Language Day was designated to celebrate multilingualism and cultural (diverse), and promote the equal use of the six official languages within the United Nations. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
20．Most of them are ordinary workers from different industries who only started working out after their (retire). (所給詞的適當形式填空)
21．Although sky well buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern (facility). (所給詞的適當形式填空)
22．The volunteer team performed operas and traditional music in Hotan and Kashgar. Local (art) also performed Uygur dance and music. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
23．Sha Xiaolan, chief director of the ceremony, said the show also extended heartfelt gratitude to all the volunteers whose (contribute) have been important in the success of the Games. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
三、選詞填空
But Ahmed Alwan, the of a convenience store, decided to play a game with his shoppers: they can get their and more at absolutely no charge just for correctly answering a math problem.
24．A．cashier B．owner C．customer D．employee
25．A．treats B．money C．snacks D．gifts
四、翻譯
26．良好的溝通能避免許多誤解，增進人與人之間的關系。(漢譯英)
.
27．她憑借出色的領導能力和團隊合作精神成為了項目負責人。(漢譯英)
.
28．老師的耐心和鼓勵對學生的成長起著至關重要的作用。(漢譯英)
.
29．這次會議的目的是討論新產品的推廣方案，大家各抒己見。(漢譯英)
.
30．傳統節日承載著豐富的文化內涵，值得我們傳承下去。(漢譯英)
.
31．城市的快速擴張帶來了住房短缺等諸多問題。(漢譯英)
.
32．成功的關鍵在于不斷學習新知識并保持積極的態度。(漢譯英)
.
33．環境保護是當今全球面臨的重大問題之一，需要每個人的努力。(漢譯英)
.
34．他在音樂領域展現出了極高的天賦，贏得了眾多獎項。(漢譯英)
.
35．這家博物館收藏了許多珍貴的文物，吸引著來自世界各地的參觀者。 (漢譯英)
.
參考答案
題號 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
答案 B C B A C B D C
1．B
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我幾乎要為青春的美好以及它對地球產生積極影響的力量而落淚。A. promise承諾；B. power力量；C. imagination想象力；D. innocence無辜。根據后文“of youth to make a positive impact on the Earth”指青春有著去對地球產生積極影響的力量。故選B。
2．C
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去的二十年里，我指導過成千上萬的人。我聽過很多次這樣的問題：“我怎樣才能讓我的老板/同事把我當作團隊的一員？”A. assumptions假定，假設；B. options選擇；C. questions問題，疑問；D. suggestions建議。根據“How can I get my boss/colleague to treat me like I am part of the team ”可知，很多被“我”指導的人會提出這樣一個問題。故選C。
3．B
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我走進收容所的貓咪區，當我的腳步聲在走廊里回響時，我看到所有貓咪的耳朵都轉了過來。然后我被一個籠子吸引住了，籠子上用紅色記號筆寫著一條很大的信息：“警告，它會咬人！” A. Proposal提議、建議；B. Warning警告、警示；C. Patience耐心；D. Safety安全。根據后文“He Bites!”指寫著會咬人的警告。故選B。
4．A
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果你在一個聚會上，不確定是否每個人都在“說足球”，那就考慮談談你周末的另一件事。A. element元素、方面；B. day天；C. person人；D. party聚會。分析句子可知，此處語境是說當不確定大家是否都對足球話題感興趣時，換個周末里的其他方面來聊，比如周末做的其他有意思的事等，“element” 能很好地體現出周末包含的不同組成部分、不同可聊的方面，符合語境要求。故選A項。
5．C
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它正在以積極的方式影響著他的生意，既給這家商店帶來了知名度，也帶來了關注，同時還在整個社區傳播著正能量。A. profits利潤；B. stability穩定性；C. attention關注；D. benefits利益。根據上文“It is influencing his business in a positive way, bringing awareness and”可知，活動給商店帶來了知名度，讓更多人開始關注這家商店了。故選C。
6．B
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他渾身臟兮兮的，顯然餓壞了。他向我要零錢買一點食物。當我抽出一些的時候，我有了一個主意。A. budget預算，側重對一段時間內資金使用的計劃安排；B. change零錢，指找零而給出的硬幣或小額紙幣；C. charge費用，側重于收費、要價；D. payment付款，支付，強調的是一種支付行為或支付的款項。根據“to buy a little food”可知，他是想向別人要一些零錢去買一點食物。故選B。
7．D
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：幾周后，他告訴我，他已經從他的校長那里得到了批準，去獲取由他學校的孩子們簽名的明信片，并制定了一個行動計劃。A. invitation邀請；B. prize獎品、獎賞；C. service服務；D. permission許可、批準。根據“from his principal to get postcards signed by the kids at his school and developed an action plan.”可知，只有先從校長那里得到了許可，才有資格、被允許去獲取孩子們簽名的明信片并制定相應計劃。故選D。
8．C
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：德韋思講述了那次緊張的經歷，說道：“我們意識到需要迅速采取行動，以確保被困母羊的安全。它們所在的那一小塊陸地正在迅速縮小，而且危機正在加劇。”A. curiosity好奇心；B. conflict沖突；C. crisis危機；D. attraction吸引力。根據“We realized we needed to act quickly to ensure the safety of the trapped ewes.”可知，上文提到母羊所在的小塊陸地在迅速縮小，這使得母羊面臨著愈發嚴峻的危險局面，也就是危機在不斷加劇。故選C。
9．measures
【詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：該部門將出臺一項關于城鄉居住環境規劃的“十四五”規劃，并采取措施使生態環境、建設以及社會文化環境協調一致，同時推動區域和城市的綠色發展。take measures是固定短語，意為“采取措施”。故填measures。
10．weight
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：絕對重量并不重要。根據空前“the absolute”可知，空處應用名詞作介詞on的賓語，所給詞weigh是動詞，其名詞形式為weight“重量”，不可數名詞。故填weight。
11．expansion
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：自 2004 年創辦以來，這個文化博覽會在展覽規模、參觀人數以及國際化程度方面都不斷擴大。作動詞的賓語，應用名詞expansion，不定冠詞提示用單數。故填expansion。
12．categories
【詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：在15個主要類別中，都市、西方奇幻、東方奇幻、游戲以及科幻這幾類成為了在海外讀者中最受歡迎的 5 種類型。category是可數名詞，意為“類別；種類”，根據空前的“15 major”可知，這里需要用其復數形式 categories來表示多個類別。故填categories。
13．visitor
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：上海位于中緯度大陸東海岸，因此，冷暖氣流頻繁光顧。本空作表語，用其名詞形式visitor，表示“來訪者，訪客”，根據空前的a可知，用單數形式，故填 visitor。
14．combination
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多人評論說，他們受到了傳統文化與現代音樂相結合的啟發，并且很喜歡這種方式是如何抓住這兩種藝術形式的精髓的。作介詞的賓語，應用名詞combination，短語the combination of表示“……的結合”。故填combination。
15．performances
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：孔子學院還組織了諸如書法、繪畫、茶藝、文化表演以及美食品嘗等各類工作坊，全方位展示中國傳統文化，并為中國和斯洛文尼亞之間的人文交流搭建平臺。作介詞的賓語，應用名詞performance，此處應用復數形式表示泛指。故填performances。
16．belongings
【詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：“stoop”一詞是在美國創造的，因為很多人把他們使用過或未充分利用的物品放在家門口，然后被有需要的人免費帶走。空處作賓語，名詞belonging“所有物”符合題意，該詞常用復數形式。故填belongings。
17．benefits
【詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：鍛煉的益處是無窮無盡的：擁有更健康的身體、更苗條的身材以及更愉悅的心情。根據句中的are可知，主語應該是復數形式。benefit作名詞時，意為 “益處；好處”，其復數形式是 benefits。故填 benefits。
18．appearance
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：名為“弄潮兒”的巨型火炬手在被稱為“大蓮花”的杭州奧體中心體育場的閉幕式上再次亮相。return 在這里是形容詞，意為“再次的；又一次的”，其后需要接名詞。appear是動詞，意為 “出現；露面”，其名詞形式是appearance，表示“出現；露面；亮相”等意思，make a return appearance表示“再次亮相”，符合句子語境要求。故填appearance。
19．diversity
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：漢語日設立于 2010 年，目的是慶祝語言的多樣性和文化的多元性，并促進聯合國六種官方語言的平等使用。作動詞的賓語，應用名詞diversity，短語cultural diversity表示“文化多樣性”。故填diversity。
20．retirement
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們中的大多數人是來自不同行業的普通工人，他們是在退休后才開始健身鍛煉的。after是介詞，其后要接名詞retirement，作賓語，不可數。故填retirement。
21．facilities
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：盡管天井式建筑在中國已經存在了數百年，但近年來，它們常常被那些更喜歡現代設施的人們所遺忘。facility為可數名詞，表示泛指用復數形式，故填facilities。
22．artists
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：志愿者團隊在和田和喀什表演了戲曲和傳統音樂。當地的藝術家們也表演了維吾爾族舞蹈和音樂。根據后面的謂語動詞performed(表演)可知，此處需要填表示人的名詞作主語，art是名詞，意為“藝術”，其表示“藝術家”的名詞形式是artist，又因為前面提到Local(當地的)，說明不止一個藝術家，所以要用復數形式 artists。故填artists。
23．contributions
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：開幕式總導演沙曉嵐表示，這場演出也向所有志愿者表達了衷心的感謝，他們的貢獻對于奧運會的成功舉辦起到了重要作用。作從句的主語，應用名詞contribution，根據從句中謂語動詞have been可知主語應該用復數形式，故填contributions。
24．B 25．C
【解析】24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但一家便利店的老板Ahmed Alwan決定和他的顧客玩一個游戲：只要正確回答一道數學題，他們就可以免費得到零食和更多東西。A. cashier收銀員；B. owner 店主；C. customer顧客；D. employee員工。根據后文的“decided to play a game with his shoppers”可知，此處指便利店的店主Ahmed Alwan決定與他的顧客玩一個游戲。故選B。
25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但一家便利店的老板Ahmed Alwan決定和他的顧客玩一個游戲：只要正確回答一道數學題，他們就可以免費得到零食和更多東西。A. treats款待，招待；B. money錢；C. snacks小吃，零食；D. gifts禮物。根據前文“a convenience store”可知，此處指顧客通過玩游戲可以獲得一些獎勵，snacks“小吃，零食”更符合便利店的游戲獎勵場景。故選C。
26．Good communication can avoid many misunderstandings and enhance relationships among people.
【詳解】考查動詞和名詞。“良好的溝通”為good communication，作主語，句首單詞首字母大寫。“能避免”為 can avoid ，作謂語。“許多誤解”為many misunderstandings，作賓語。“增進” enhance ，與avoid并列作謂語。“人與人之間的關系”為relationships among people，作賓語。故翻譯為Good communication can avoid many misunderstandings and enhance relationships among people.
27．She has become the project leader by virtue of her excellent leadership skills and teamwork spirit.
【詳解】考查時態和介詞短語。主語為she；表示“成為”用動詞become；表示“項目負責人”為the project leader，用定冠詞the特指；表示“憑借……”應用by virtue of；表示“出色的領導能力”為excellent leadership skills；表示“團隊合作精神”短語為teamwork spirit。表示過去的動作對現在產生影響，用現在完成時。故翻譯為She has become the project leader by virtue of her excellent leadership skills and teamwork spirit.
28．Teachers’ patience and encouragement play a crucial role in students’ growth.
【詳解】考查名詞、時態、固定短語、形容詞。表示“老師的耐心和鼓勵”用teachers’ patience and encouragement，作主語，句首單詞首字母大寫。表示“在……方面發揮作用”用固定短語play a role in，句子描述一般事實，時態用一般現在時，主語為復數，謂語用動詞原形；表示“至關重要的”用形容詞crucial，作前置定語，修飾role。表示“學生的成長”用students’ growth，作賓語。故翻譯為Teachers’ patience and encouragement play a crucial role in students’ growth.。
29．The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the promotion plan for new products, and everyone expresses their opinions.
【詳解】考查動詞和名詞。句子描述客觀情況用一般現在時；“這次會議的目的”翻譯為the purpose of the meeting，作主語；“是”用be動詞is；“討論”用動詞discuss，表示“目的是討論……”，應該用不定式形式to discuss作表語；“新產品的推廣方案”翻譯為the promotion plan for new products；“這次會議的目的是討論新產品的推廣方案”翻譯為The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the promotion plan for new products；“大家”翻譯為everyone，作主語；“各抒己見”翻譯為express their opinions，主語是everyone，express用三單形式；“大家各抒己見”翻譯為everyone expresses their opinions。兩個句子是并列關系，所以用and連詞。故整句翻譯為The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the promotion plan for new products, and everyone expresses their opinions.
30．Traditional festivals carry rich cultural connotations and are worthy of our inheritance.
【詳解】考查動詞短語、時態和形容詞短語。主語“傳統節日”用名詞短語traditional festivals，謂語“承載”用動詞carry，描述客觀事實用一般現在時態，且主語為復數名詞，所以謂語用原形carry，“豐富的文化內涵”作賓語，譯為rich cultural connotations，并列謂語“值得”用短語be worthy of，描述客觀事實用一般現在時態，主語為復數名詞，系動詞用復數形式are，“我們傳承下去”作賓語，譯為our inheritance。綜上，全句譯為：Traditional festivals carry rich cultural connotations and are worthy of our inheritance.
31．The rapid expansion of the city has brought about many problems such as housing shortage.
【詳解】考查時態、短語和名詞短語。主語部分“城市的快速擴張”譯為the rapid expansion of the city；謂語“帶來”用動詞短語bring about，強調動作對現在的影響，使用現在完成時，且主語expansion為不可數名詞，謂語用單數形式has brought about；賓語“住房短缺等諸多問題”譯為many problems such as housing shortage，其中“住房短缺”用housing shortage表示，作為例子用介詞短語such as連接。故翻譯為：The rapid expansion of the city has brought about many problems such as housing shortage.
32．The key to success lies in constantly learning new knowledge and maintaining a positive attitude.
【詳解】考查名詞、副詞、短語和動名詞。表示“成功的關鍵”應用“The key to success”，句首單詞首字母大寫；表示“在于”應用固定短語“lies in”，與主語保持一致，變成第三人稱單數；表示“不斷學習新知識”應用“continuously learning new knowledge”；表示“保持積極的態度”應用“maintaining a positive attitude”；動名詞短語并列作賓語。故翻譯為The key to success lies in constantly learning new knowledge and maintaining a positive attitude.
33．Environmental protection is one of the major issues facing the whole world nowadays, which requires everyone’s efforts.
【詳解】考查名詞、動詞和定語從句。句子在陳述客觀事實，用一般現在時，表示“環境保護”應用名詞短語Environmental protection，句首單詞首字母大寫；表示“是”應用is，與主語保持一致，用第三人稱單數；表示“重大問題之一”應用one of the major issues；表示“全球面臨的”應用facing the whole world，可處理為修飾issues的定語，動詞face和issues之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，應用現在分詞；表示“當今”應用nowadays；表示“需要每個人的努力”應用require everyone’s efforts，作定語，指代整個主句內容，從句缺主語，可用which引導非限制性定語從句，主句看成一個整體，謂語動詞require變成requires，用單數形式。故翻譯為Environmental protection is one of the major issues facing the whole world nowadays, which requires everyone’s efforts.
34．He has shown extraordinary talent in the field of music and won numerous awards.
【詳解】考查動詞短語、形容詞、名詞和時態。句子描述某人已經取得的天賦和成就，用現在完成時；主語“他”是he，放在句首首字母大寫；表示“展現出了極高的天賦”應用動詞短語show extraordinary talent，助動詞使用has，show的過去分詞形式為shown，其中extraordinary“極高的，非凡的”是形容詞，作定語修飾名詞talent“天賦”；表示“在音樂領域”應用介詞短語in the field of music；表示“贏得了眾多獎項”應用win numerous awards，win“贏得”是動詞，與shown并列，用and連接，用過去分詞形式shown，numerous“眾多的”是形容詞，awards“獎項”是名詞，表示眾多獎項，使用復數形式表示泛指。故翻譯為He has shown extraordinary talent in the field of music and won numerous awards.
35．This museum has collected a large number of precious cultural relics, attracting visitors from all over the world.
【詳解】考查名詞短語及現在分詞。分析句子，這個句子中存在兩個動詞，一個是“收藏”，一個是“吸引”，可以將收藏當做謂語，吸引當做非謂語來處理。“許多珍貴的文物”翻譯成a large number of precious cultural relics，故主句可翻譯為This museum has collected a large number of precious cultural relic；“吸引”和它的邏輯主語，也就是主句之間呈主動關系，應該使用現在分詞的形式。“世界各地的參觀者”翻譯為visitors from all over the world。故整句翻譯為This museum has collected a large number of precious cultural relics, attracting visitors from all over the world.
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