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Unit 7 The natural world 提升測試卷
詞匯選擇題（共 10 小題，每小題 1 分）
1.The drastic ________ in bee populations has raised concerns about pollination networks.
A. minor B. rapid C. gradual D. stable
2.________ can disrupt the delicate balance of forest ecosystems.
A. Reforestation B. Tree cutting
C. Urbanization D. Farming
3.The ________ of migratory birds is being altered by climatic shifts.
A. Study of climate B. Study of seasonal cycles
C. Study of oceans D. Study of rocks
4.Wetlands act as natural filters, ________ water pollution and flooding.
A. Worsening B. Ignoring C. Reducing D. Causing
5.Coral reefs are facing ________ due to ocean acidification.
A. Color loss B. Growth C. Expansion D. Protection
6.The ________ of rainforests is being eroded by incessant logging.
A. Variety of life B. Plant growth
C. Water systems D. Climate patterns
7.The carbon sink function of forests helps ________ greenhouse gases.
A. Release B. Store C. Produce D. Waste
8. ________ like pollination have significant economic value.
Natural benefits B. Human activities
C. Industrial products D. Urban development
9.The Arctic tundra is ________ by oil exploration and melting permafrost.
A. Protected B. Endangered C. Improved D. Studied
10.________ agriculture aims to preserve natural habitats while feeding the population.
A. Harmful B. Eco-friendly C. Traditional D. Modern
二、語法選擇題（共 10 小題，每小題 1 分）
11.Had the government not implemented strict laws, the ecosystem ______ irreparably damaged.
A. would be B. would have been C. is D. had been
12.The research team, ______ focus is on coral reefs, discovered a new species of fish.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
13.It is crucial that we ______ immediate action to combat climate change.
A. take B. took C. will take D. had taken
14.______ by pollution, the river ecosystem is struggling to recover.
A. Affected B. Affecting C. To affect D. Having affected
15.The conference on biodiversity, ______ last month, highlighted urgent conservation needs.
A. holding B. held C. to hold D. having held
16.Not until the wetland was destroyed ______ the public realize its importance.
A. did B. does C. has D. had
17.The Amazon Rainforest, ______ destruction continues, is a vital carbon sink.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
18.If we ______ more resources to conservation earlier, the crisis would be less severe.
A. invest B. invested C. had invested D. would invest
19.The documentary, ______ by a renowned filmmaker, exposed the plight of endangered species.
A. producing B. produced C. to produce D. having produced
20.So severe ______ the habitat loss that many species are now endangered.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
三、詞匯填空題（共 10 小題，每小題 1 分）
21.The i______ of climate change on ecosystems is becoming increasingly evident.
22.Migratory birds follow a strict t______ to coincide with seasonal food availability.
23.The a______ of spring triggers plant blooming and animal reproduction.
24.Sudden temperature f______ can stress marine life in coral reefs.
25.Wetlands are c______ with water purification and flood control.
26.The loss of keystone species can disrupt ecosystem i______.
27.（物候學） ______ is the study of seasonal biological events.
28.（棲息地破碎化） Habitat ______ threatens many forest-dwelling species.
29.We need to ______（量化）the economic value of ecosystem services.
30.The ______（碳循環）plays a key role in regulating global climate.
四、語法段落填空（共 10 小題，每小題 1 分）
The Amazon Rainforest (31)______ (face) unprecedented threats from deforestation. Over the past decade, large areas (32)______ (convert) to farmland, which (33)______ (disrupt) the delicate balance of the ecosystem. If current rates (34)______ (continue), the rainforest (35)______ (lose) 20% of its area by 2030.
This destruction (36)______ (affect) not only local wildlife but also global climate. The rainforest (37)______ (act) as a carbon sink, but deforestation (38)______ (release) huge amounts of CO2. Scientists (39)______ (call) for urgent measures, such as sustainable logging and reforestation projects, to prevent further damage. It (40)______ (be) clear that international cooperation is essential to protect this vital ecosystem.
五、閱讀理解（共 10 小題，每小題 2 分）
A
The Economic Value of Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from natural ecosystems. These services are often overlooked but play a crucial role in supporting human well-being.
One of the most significant ecosystem services is pollination, primarily carried out by bees, butterflies, and other insects. This service is estimated to contribute billions of dollars to global agriculture each year. Without pollinators, many crops like apples, almonds, and coffee would fail, leading to food shortages and economic losses.
Water purification is another vital service. Wetlands and forests act as natural filters, removing pollutants from water before it reaches human communities. This reduces the cost of water treatment and ensures clean drinking water. In the United States, wetland ecosystems are estimated to save cities $3.4 billion annually in water treatment costs.
Climate regulation is also critical. Forests absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, helping to mitigate climate change. The Amazon Rainforest alone stores an estimated 120 billion tons of carbon, making it a key player in global climate stability. Losing these forests would accelerate global warming, with devastating economic consequences.
However, many ecosystem services are under threat from human activities like deforestation, pollution, and urbanization. Recognizing their economic value is essential for promoting conservation. Policymakers must incorporate these values into decision-making to ensure a sustainable future.
What are ecosystem services
Products made by humans. B. Benefits from natural ecosystems.
C. Industrial services. D. Urban development projects.
Why is pollination important for agriculture
It helps crops grow. B. It reduces water use.
C. It prevents floods. D. It purifies the air.
How do wetlands help save money for cities
By producing food. B. By purifying water.
C. By regulating climate. D. By providing habitat.
What does the Amazon Rainforest store that helps climate
A. Water. B. Pollution. C. Carbon. D. Oxygen.
What is the main idea of the passage
Ecosystem services have no economic value.
Human activities benefit ecosystem services.
Ecosystem services are economically important and threatened.
D. Pollination is the only valuable ecosystem service.
B
The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on earth, but they are facing a critical threat from climate change. Rising ocean temperatures, caused by global warming, are leading to coral bleaching.
Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel the algae living in their tissues, turning them white and vulnerable. This happens when ocean temperatures rise just 1-2°C above normal. In 2016, a global bleaching event killed nearly a third of the Great Barrier Reef's corals. If temperatures continue to rise, scientists predict that 90% of coral reefs could be lost by 2050.
Ocean acidification, another result of increased CO2 in the atmosphere, also harms corals. As the ocean absorbs CO2, it becomes more acidic, making it harder for corals to build their calcium carbonate skeletons. This weakens the reef structure, making it more susceptible to erosion and storms.
Coral reefs provide numerous benefits to humans, including storm protection, fisheries, and tourism. In Southeast Asia, coral reefs support $29 billion annually in tourism and fishing. Losing these reefs would not only devastate marine life but also impact local economies and food security.
To save coral reefs, we must address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, local measures like reducing pollution and managing coastal development can help reefs recover. However, urgent global action is needed to prevent the complete loss of these vital ecosystems.
What causes coral bleaching
Cold ocean temperatures. B. Rising ocean temperatures.
C. Reduced CO2 levels. D. Increased fish populations.
What happened to the Great Barrier Reef in 2016
It grew larger. B. A third of corals died.
C. It became more diverse. D. It absorbed more CO2.
How does ocean acidification affect corals
It helps them build skeletons. B. It makes skeletons weaker.
C. It increases tourism. D. It protects them from storms.
What is the economic value of Southeast Asian coral reefs
29 billion annually. B. 3.4 billion annually.
C. 120 billion total. D. 10 billion monthly.
What is the main solution to save coral reefs
Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
Reducing pollution.
Ignoring climate change.
D. Building more coastal cities.
六、完形填空（共 15 小題，每小題 1 分）
The natural world's ecosystems are intricate webs of life, each (51)______ a unique role in maintaining balance. Oceans, for example, (52)______ about 71% of the earth's surface and (53)______ as major carbon sinks. Phytoplankton in the ocean (54)______ about 70% of the earth's oxygen, a service vital for all animals, including humans.
Forests, often (55)______ the "lungs of the earth," absorb carbon dioxide and (56)______ oxygen. They also provide habitat for countless species and regulate water cycles. However, deforestation (57)______ these services, leading to soil erosion and reduced water quality.
Wetlands are another critical ecosystem, (58)______ water purification and flood control. They act as natural sponges, storing water during rains and (59)______ it slowly. This reduces flood risks and (60)______ clean water for downstream communities.
Sadly, many ecosystems are (61)______ danger due to human activities. Climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction (62)______ their health. To reverse this, we need to (63)______ sustainable practices. This includes protecting natural areas, reducing carbon emissions, and (64)______ the economic value of ecosystem services.
Every individual can help by making eco-friendly choices, such as reducing plastic use and supporting conservation efforts. Together, we can (65)______ these vital ecosystems for future generations.
A. playing B. making C. taking D. doing
A. covers B. covering C. cover D. to cover
A. act B. work C. serve D. perform
A. produce B. produces C. producing D. to produce
A. named B. called C. told D. said
A. give up B. give in C. give out D. give off
A. enhances B. improves C. reduces D. increases
A. providing B. providing for C. providing to D. providing with
A. releasing B. releasing to C. releasing from D. releasing into
A. provides B. provides for C. provides to D. provides with
A. at B. in C. out of D. on
A. threaten B. protect C. save D. help
A. adopt B. adapt C. adjust D. admit
A. ignoring B. recognizing C. denying D. refusing
A. destroy B. harm C. protect D. change
七、書面表達（20 分）
The Role of Ecosystems in Combating Climate Change
討論生態系統如何幫助應對氣候變化。包括:
1.生態系統及其氣候效益的具體例子。
2.人類活動如何威脅這些生態系統。
3.保護和恢復它們的策略。
至少寫65個單詞。/ 讓教學更有效 高效備考 | 英語學科
Unit 7 The natural world 提升測試卷答案解析
一、詞匯選擇題
答案：B
解析：“drastic” 在這里表示 “急劇的”，“rapid”（快速的）與之意思相近，蜜蜂數量的急劇減少引發了對授粉網絡的擔憂，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“disrupt the delicate balance of forest ecosystems”（破壞森林生態系統的微妙平衡），“Tree cutting”（砍伐樹木）會直接破壞森林生態，符合語境，選 B。
答案：B
解析：候鳥的活動與季節相關，“climatic shifts”（氣候變化）會改變它們的季節周期規律，“Study of seasonal cycles”（對季節周期的研究）符合，選 B。
答案：C
解析：濕地作為天然過濾器，作用是 “減少” 水污染和洪水，“Reducing”（減少）符合，選 C。
答案：A
解析：“ocean acidification”（海洋酸化）會導致珊瑚礁白化，即 “Color loss”（顏色喪失），選 A。
答案：A
解析：持續伐木會破壞雨林的生物多樣性，“Variety of life”（生物的多樣性）符合，選 A。
答案：B
解析：森林的碳匯功能是 “儲存” 溫室氣體，“Store”（儲存）符合，選 B。
答案：A
解析：“pollination”（授粉）屬于自然帶來的益處，“Natural benefits”（自然益處）符合，選 A。
答案：B
解析：石油勘探和永久凍土融化會威脅北極苔原，“Endangered”（瀕臨危險的）符合，選 B。
答案：B
解析：這種農業在養活人口的同時保護自然棲息地，是生態友好型的，“Eco-friendly”（生態友好的）符合，選 B。
二、語法選擇題
答案：B
解析：這是虛擬語氣，“Had the government not implemented...” 是 “if the government had not implemented...” 的倒裝，與過去事實相反，主句用 “would have been”，選 B。
答案：B
解析：“the research team” 與 “focus” 是所屬關系，用 “whose” 引導定語從句，選 B。
答案：A
解析：“It is crucial that...” 句型中，從句用虛擬語氣，謂語用 “should + 動詞原形”，“should” 可省略，選 A。
答案：A
解析：“the river ecosystem” 與 “affect” 是被動關系，用過去分詞 “ Affected” 作狀語，選 A。
答案：B
解析：“conference” 與 “hold” 是被動關系，用過去分詞 “held” 作定語，選 B。
答案：A
解析：“Not until” 位于句首，句子倒裝，根據 “was destroyed” 可知用一般過去時，助動詞用 “did”，選 A。
答案：C
解析：“the Amazon Rainforest” 與 “destruction” 是所屬關系，用 “whose” 引導定語從句，選 C。
答案：C
解析：這是虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反，從句用 “had invested”，選 C。
答案：B
解析：“documentary” 與 “produce” 是被動關系，用過去分詞 “produced” 作定語，選 B。
答案：A
解析：“So severe” 位于句首，句子倒裝，“habitat loss” 是不可數名詞，用 “is”，選 A。
三、詞匯填空題
答案：impact
解析：氣候變化對生態系統的 “影響” 越來越明顯，“impact”（影響）符合。
答案：timeline
解析：候鳥遵循嚴格的時間安排，“timeline”（時間線；時間安排）符合。
答案：arrival
解析：春天的 “到來” 促使植物開花和動物繁殖，“arrival”（到來）符合。
答案：fluctuations
解析：突然的溫度 “波動” 會給珊瑚礁的海洋生物帶來壓力，“fluctuations”（波動）符合。
答案：credited
解析：“be credited with”（被認為有…… 功能），濕地被認為有凈水和防洪功能，填 “credited”。
答案：integrity
解析：關鍵物種的消失會破壞生態系統的 “完整性”，“integrity”（完整性）符合。
答案：Phenology
解析：“物候學” 對應的英文是 “Phenology”。
答案：fragmentation
解析：“棲息地破碎化” 是 “Habitat fragmentation”。
答案：quantify
解析：“量化” 對應的英文是 “quantify”。
答案：carbon cycle
解析：“碳循環” 是 “carbon cycle”。
四、語法段落填空
答案：is facing
解析：亞馬遜雨林正面臨威脅，用現在進行時，“is facing”。
答案：have been converted
解析：“over the past decade” 表明用現在完成時，“areas” 與 “convert” 是被動關系，填 “have been converted”。
答案：disrupts
解析：描述客觀事實，用一般現在時，“which” 指代前面的情況，謂語用第三人稱單數 “disrupts”。
答案：continue
解析：“if” 引導的條件狀語從句，用一般現在時表將來，“continue”。
答案：will lose
解析：主句用一般將來時，“will lose”。
答案：is affecting
解析：這種破壞正在產生影響，用現在進行時，“is affecting”。
答案：acts
解析：描述客觀事實，用一般現在時，“acts as”（充當）。
答案：releases
解析：描述客觀事實，用一般現在時，“deforestation” 是不可數名詞，謂語用 “releases”。
答案：are calling
解析：科學家們正在呼吁，用現在進行時，“are calling”。
答案：is
解析：“it is clear that...”（很明顯……），用一般現在時，“is”。
五、閱讀理解
A 篇
答案：B
解析：根據 “Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from natural ecosystems.” 可知，生態系統服務是來自自然生態系統的益處，選 B。
答案：A
解析：由 “Without pollinators, many crops like apples, almonds, and coffee would fail” 可知，授粉幫助作物生長，選 A。
答案：B
解析：從 “Wetlands and forests act as natural filters... This reduces the cost of water treatment” 可知，濕地通過凈水幫城市省錢，選 B。
答案：C
解析：根據 “The Amazon Rainforest alone stores an estimated 120 billion tons of carbon” 可知，亞馬遜雨林儲存碳，選 C。
答案：C
解析：文章講了生態系統服務有重要經濟價值且正受到威脅，選 C。
B 篇
答案：B
解析：根據 “Rising ocean temperatures, caused by global warming, are leading to coral bleaching.” 可知，海洋溫度上升導致珊瑚白化，選 B。
答案：B
解析：由 “In 2016, a global bleaching event killed nearly a third of the Great Barrier Reef's corals.” 可知，2016 年大堡礁近三分之一的珊瑚死亡，選 B。
答案：B
解析：從 “it becomes more acidic, making it harder for corals to build their calcium carbonate skeletons. This weakens the reef structure” 可知，海洋酸化使珊瑚骨骼變弱，選 B。
答案：A
解析：根據 “In Southeast Asia, coral reefs support $29 billion annually in tourism and fishing.” 可知，東南亞珊瑚礁每年有 290 億的經濟價值，選 A。
答案：B
解析：由 “To save coral reefs... local measures like reducing pollution... can help reefs recover.” 可知，減少污染是拯救珊瑚礁的方法之一，選 B。
六、完形填空
答案：A
解析：“play a unique role”（扮演獨特的角色），固定搭配，選 A。
答案：C
解析：主語 “Oceans” 是復數，用一般現在時，“cover”（覆蓋），選 C。
答案：A
解析：“act as”（充當），海洋充當主要的碳匯，選 A。
答案：A
解析：主語 “Phytoplankton” 是復數，用一般現在時，“produce”（產生），選 A。
答案：B
解析：“called”（被稱為），森林常被稱為 “地球之肺”，選 B。
答案：C
解析：“give out”（釋放），森林釋放氧氣，選 C。
答案：C
解析：砍伐森林會 “減少” 這些服務功能，“reduces”（減少），選 C。
答案：A
解析：“providing”（提供），濕地提供凈水和防洪功能，選 A。
答案：A
解析：“releasing”（釋放），下雨時儲存水，慢慢釋放，選 A。
答案：A
解析：“provides”（提供），為下游社區提供干凈的水，選 A。
答案：B
解析：“in danger”（處于危險中），固定短語，選 B。
答案：A
解析：氣候變化等 “威脅” 它們的健康，“threaten”（威脅），選 A。
答案：A
解析：“adopt”（采用），我們需要采用可持續的做法，選 A。
答案：B
解析：“recognizing”（認識到），認識到生態系統服務的經濟價值，選 B。
答案：C
解析：我們可以為后代 “保護” 這些重要的生態系統，“protect”（保護），選 C。
七、書面表達參考范文
The Role of Ecosystems in Combating Climate Change
Forests absorb carbon dioxide, and oceans store carbon, both helping fight climate change. Wetlands can reduce floods too. But human activities like deforestation and pollution harm them. We should protect natural areas, reduce emissions and let more people know their importance. This way, we can have a better future.

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