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哈佛英語時文閱讀-7年級 Week13
一、Monday卡拉庫姆沙漠中的火焰還在燃燒_
卡拉庫姆沙漠中的火焰還在燃燒
In the middle of the Karakum Desert, there's a 230-foot-wide hole and it's on fire.
In 1971, a group of Soviet petroleum geologists went across the Karakum Desert to look for petroleum. When they found a place that they thought had oil, they set up a drilling rig.
Unfortunately, it was over a big natural gas cavern. When they drilled, the whole thing collapsed, taking the rig. Even worse, methane gas, which is dangerous and explosive, was leaking from the hole. So the Soviet geologists set the hole on fire.
The scientists thought it would burn for a few weeks or months and then stop. However, it has been burning for over 50 years.
The locals call it the gates of hell or the door to hell. More scientifically, it's the DarvazaGas Crater.
In 2009, the Turkmen president wanted it closed. But that didn't happen. In fact, it's become a tourist site. The tourism minister says it's a major attraction.
For a country with only 10, 000 to 15, 000 tourists a year, it's important that people want to go to the gates of hell.
It's also said that the crater attracts local spiders. They come to the edge because of the light and heat and throw themselves in.
The crater has been burning for over 50 years and no one knows when it will stop. But with tourists interested, it might keep burning for a while.
1．How wide is the hole in the Karakum Desert
A．230 feet. B．320 feet. C．430 feet. D．530 feet.
2．What was the group of Soviet petroleum geologists looking for in the desert
A．Gold. B．Petroleum. C．Natural gas. D．Coal.
3．How long has the hole been burning
A．For over 20 years. B．For over 30 years.
C．For over 40 years. D．For over 50 years.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The hole will never stop burning.
B．The hole will stop burning soon.
C．No one knows when the hole will stop burning.
D．The hole has already stopped burning.
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The history of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
B．The danger of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
C．The tourism of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
D．The introduction of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．D
4．C
5．D
【知識點】說明文；世界主要地區地理概況；細節理解；推理判斷；文章大意
【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了土庫曼斯坦卡拉庫姆沙漠中的"地獄之門"是1971年蘇聯勘探隊意外點燃的天然氣坑，持續燃燒50余年，現已成為重要旅游景觀，展現自然奇觀與人類活動的交織。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
1．細節理解題。根據第一段"In the middle of the Karakum Desert, there's a 230-foot-wide hole and it's on fire.（在卡拉庫姆沙漠中心，有一個直徑230英尺（約70米）的巨坑，至今仍在熊熊燃燒。） "可知，卡拉庫姆沙漠中心巨坑有230英尺寬。故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據第二段"In 1971, a group of Soviet petroleum geologists went across the Karakum Desert to look for petroleum. （1971年，蘇聯石油地質學家團隊穿越卡拉庫姆沙漠勘探石油資源。）"可知，蘇聯石油地質學家團隊在沙漠中尋找石油。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據第四段"However, it has been burning for over 50 years. （但這場大火已持續燃燒逾半個世紀。）"可知，這場大火已持續燃燒超過50年。故選D。
4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段" The crater has been burning for over 50 years and no one knows when it will stop. （這個燃燒了50多年的火焰巨坑，熄滅之日仍不可知。） "可知，巨坑火焰熄滅之日仍不可知。故選C。
5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了土庫曼斯坦卡拉庫姆沙漠中的"地獄之門"是1971年蘇聯勘探隊意外點燃的天然氣坑。故選D。
二、詞匯語法專練
6． We need to ____a new system to deal with this problem.
A．set up B．put up C．look up D．give up
【答案】A
【知識點】固定搭配；短語辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我們需要建立一套新體系來解決這一問題。set up建立/設立; put up張貼/搭建；look up查閱/向上看；give up放棄。根據" We need to...a new system to deal with this problem. "可知，我們需要建立一個體系以解決問題。故選A。
【點評】考查動詞短語辨析。注意：在解題時，要仔細閱讀題目和選項，理解句子的語境和含義，根據句子的邏輯關系和語境，判斷哪個動詞短語更符合句子的意思。對于不確定的選項，可以先嘗試排除那些明顯不符合句意或語法的選項，縮小選擇范圍，將各個選項進行對比分析，找出它們之間的異同點，從而確定正確答案。
7． Unluckily, the weather was bad during our vacation. (用同義詞替換 Unluckily)
【答案】Unfortunately
【知識點】句子副詞
【解析】【分析】句意：遺憾的是，我們度假期間天氣不佳。句子要求用同義詞替換Unluckily，unluckily，不幸運地，副詞，其同義詞為unfortunately，在句中作狀語修飾整個句子，句首首字母大寫。故填Unfortunately。
【點評】考查句型轉換，副詞unfortunately的識記運用以及副詞作狀語修飾句子。注意：注意副詞的修飾對象和位置。副詞修飾動詞時，通常位于動詞之前或之后（但某些副詞如頻度副詞常位于句首或助動詞之后）。副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，位于被修飾詞之前。某些副詞如fortunately（幸運地）、unfortunately（不幸地）可以修飾整個句子，通常位于句首或句末。
8． The big bridge fell because of the earthquake. (用高級單詞替換 fell)
【答案】collapsed
【知識點】一般過去時
【解析】【分析】句意：大橋因地震而倒塌。句子要求用高級單詞替換fell，fell為fall的過去式，意為"倒下, 掉落"，其同義詞為collapse，此處時態為一般過去時，應用其過去式。故填collapsed。
【點評】考查句型轉換，時態（一般過去時）以及動詞collapse的識記運用。注意：在同義句轉換的過程中，要注意保持人稱，時態，語態的一致。
9． The mountain road is 　 　(用 danger的適當形式填空), especially in bad weather.
【答案】dangerous
【知識點】形容詞作表語
【解析】【分析】句意：山路險峻，天氣惡劣時尤甚。 danger，危險，可數名詞&不可數名詞。空處在句中做表語，用以描述主語The mountain road的特征，空處表示"危險的"，dangerous，形容詞，符合語境。故填dangerous。
【點評】考查形容詞dangerous的識記運用，詞性轉換以及形容詞做表語。注意： 當題目空格位于系動詞之后且需要描述主語狀態或特征時，基本可以確定為形容詞表語考點。解題時首先要識別句子中的系動詞，除最常見的be動詞外，要特別注意感官動詞和狀態變化動詞的使用。考生需建立"動詞性質判斷→形容詞形式選擇→語義邏輯驗證"的三步解題流程：第一步分析動詞性質，確認是否為系動詞；第二步根據主語特性選擇正確的形容詞形式，特別注意-ing和-ed結尾形容詞的區別（exciting描述事物特性，excited描述人的感受）；第三步將所選形容詞代入句子驗證是否符合邏輯語義。
10． 據說這部新電影非常有趣。
It's 　 　 that the new movie is very interesting.
【答案】said
【知識點】過去式和過去分詞；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根據中英文對照可知，此處缺少"據說……"，It's said that…，固定句式。故填said。
【點評】考查漢譯英以及固定句式。注意：熟練識記it作形式主語的句式。如：It + 系動詞 + 形容詞 + 真正主語（不定式/動名詞/從句）。
三、Tuesday "Sorry"不僅僅是"對不起"
"Sorry"不僅僅是"對不起"
Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than" I'm sorry". This phrase has become such a common response that it has taken on a lot of meanings.
Saying "sorry" means to apologize. This is simple and easy to understand. We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages.
But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. Imagine this: Aman walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps into the woman. Who should say sorry Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn't looking where he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common for both to apologize.
It is known that British people, like most people, do not enjoy conflict. So to quickly calm the situation, British people will apologize to each other.
Other times it may sound funny to hear" sorry". Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter, "Sorry, but can I order another drink " It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn't always mean exactly what you think.
11．According to the text, "saying sorry" is a cultural expression in ____。
A．the USA B．the UK C．New Zealand D．Australia
12．What does the underlined word" it" refer to
A．Saying "sorry". B．A foreign language.
C．A native speaker. D．The man's phone.
13．Which picture can describe the situation in Paragraph 3
A． B．
C． D．
14．The restaurant example shows that" sorry" can be used to ____ .
A．make an apology
B．calm a situation down
C．explain what you're thinking about
D．ask a waiter to bring something
15．The text mainly talks about ____ .
A．different meanings of" sorry"
B．traditional British manners
C．how to best catch others' attention
D．a way out of a difficult situation
【答案】11．B
12．A
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知識點】說明文；世界主要國家文化習俗；細節理解；代詞指代；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在英國說"對不起"的不同含義。它不僅僅是道歉的意思，有時還表示我們需要幫助的意思。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，代詞指代題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。在開始解答代詞指代題之前，先快速瀏覽全文，對文章的主題、內容和結構有一個大致的了解，理解文章的整體語境，這有助于后續對代詞指代關系的判斷。仔細閱讀題干，找出需要確定指代的代詞，并在原文中精確定位其位置，代詞的出現往往與上下文緊密相關，因此要注意代詞前后的句子或段落。根據上下文和語境，分析代詞與潛在指代對象之間的邏輯關系，確定哪個名詞最有可能是代詞的指代對象，確保代詞所指代的內容與原文中的描述在語義上保持一致。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
11．細節理解題。根據"Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than ‘I'm sorry'. "可知，"說對不起"是英國的一種文化表達方式。故選B。
12．代詞指代題。根據"Saying ‘Sorry' means to apologize (道歉). This is simple and easy to understand."和"We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages."可知，說"Sorry"意味著道歉。作為母語者和學習外語的學生，我們都在學習這種表達。所以it指的是"說對不起"。故選A。
13．細節理解題。根據"a man walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps (碰撞) into the woman."可知，一個男人走在街上，低頭看手機。一個女人正朝相反的方向，朝著那個男人走去。她看見了他，但沒能及時躲開。男人撞到了女人。這時男人應該道歉，但是在英國，雙方都道歉是很常見的，C選項符合，故選C。
14．細節理解題。根據"Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter, ‘Sorry, but can I order another drink ' It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter"可知，餐館的例子表明，"對不起"可以用來要求服務員拿東西來。故選D。
15．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了在英國說"對不起"的不同含義。它不僅僅是道歉的意思，有時還表示我們需要幫助的意思。故選A。
四、詞匯語法專練
16． She waters the flowers twice a week. (改為被動句)
The flowers 　 　 by her twice a week.
【答案】are watered
【知識點】一般過去時的被動語態；其他語法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：她一周澆花兩次。句子要求改為被動句，原句謂語為waters，為一般現在時的主動語態，故改為被動句后，謂語應用一般現在時的被動語態，結構為am/is/are +過去分詞，根據主謂一致原則，主語flowers為復數，故be動詞應用are。故填are watered。
【點評】考查句型轉換，一般現在時的被動語態以及主謂一致。注意： 首先識別原句的主謂賓結構，明確動作執行者（主語）、動作（謂語）和承受者（賓語）；第二步進行主賓位置互換，將原賓語調整為新主語；第三步根據原句時態確定be動詞的正確形式，并確保過去分詞使用準確；第四步判斷是否需要保留by短語，若動作執行者重要則保留，否則可省略。解題過程中要特別注意三類易錯情況：不規則動詞的過去分詞形式（如write-written）、雙賓語動詞的被動轉換（如give可轉換為兩種被動句式）、以及短語動詞的被動結構（如look after需完整保留介詞）。
17． It's such a nice day that we want to go out for a picnic. (同義句轉換)
It's so 　 　 day that we want to go out for a picnic.
【答案】nice a
【知識點】so that與so...that...引導的結果狀語從句；such (...) that...引導的結果狀語從句司
【解析】【分析】句意：今天天氣這么好，我們真想出去野餐。原句中的結構"such a+ adj. +單數可數名詞+ that"相當于"so+adj. +a+單數可數名詞+ that", 意為"如此 以至于 "。故填nice a。
【點評】考查句型轉換。注意：熟記such + (a/an) + adj. + noun = so + adj. + a/an + noun。轉換時，形容詞提前，冠詞后移，保持句子邏輯不變。
18． He nodded his head in 　 　(回應, 反應) to her question.
【答案】response
【知識點】不可數名詞；介詞短語
【解析】【分析】句意：他點頭回應了她的問題。空處表示"回應"，response，不可數名詞，符合語境，此處為固定短語in response to，意為"對······的回應"。故填response。
【點評】考查名詞response的識記運用以及固定短語in response to。注意：固定短語有其固定的結構和用法，包括詞序、詞性搭配等。在解題時，要注意短語的結構特點，確保填入的詞與短語的其他部分在詞性和詞序上相匹配。
19． It was Tom's father ____ helped the boy out of danger.
A．what B．when C．who D．which
【答案】C
【知識點】強調句
【解析】【分析】句意：正是湯姆的父親幫助男孩脫離險境。what什么；when什么時候；who誰；which哪一個。分析句子語境可知，此處為強調句，強調句子的主語Tom's father，強調句結構為：It is/ was + 被強調部分+ that/who + 其他，當被強調部分是表示人的主語時，可以用 who替換 that。故選C。
【點評】考查強調句。注意：判斷是否為強調句的關鍵在于去掉 "It is/was...that/who..." 后，句子仍然完整，若完整，則為強調句。
20． There was a 　 　(沖突) between his words and his actions.
【答案】conflict
【知識點】可數名詞的單數
【解析】【分析】句意：他的言行之間存在矛盾。空處表示"沖突"，conflict，可數名詞，被a修飾，應用其單數形式。故填conflict。
【點評】考查名詞conflict的識記運用。注意：名詞在句子中常需要根據語境進行形式上的變化，如單復數、所有格等。在填空時，首先要根據句子的意思和語法規則判斷應填入的名詞形式。例如，若句子中提到多個相同的事物，則名詞需用復數形式；若表示所屬關系，則需使用名詞所有格。
五、Wednesday誰最早吃冰淇淋
誰最早吃冰淇淋
You might think ice cream is a modern kind of food, but actually, ice cream was probably first eaten in China more than 2, 000years ago. It was made from rice and milk. In Europe around 2, 000 years ago, Roman leaders also enjoyed a kind of frozen dessert. Snow and fruit were used to make it. It wasn't true ice cream, though, as it had no milk or cream in it.
Marco Polo, who came from Italy, spent a lot of time in China during the late thirteenth century. People believe that he saw ice cream being made while he was on his travels there. He then brought the recipe for it back home when he returned. This was the first time true ice cream was made in Europe. Perhaps this is why Italians are considered the European masters of ice cream making. They have had more time than other countries to practice the recipe!
In the seventeenth century, King Charles I of England was introduced to the pleasure of cream by his new French chef. He was so surprised by its beautiful taste.
Ice cream cones(蛋卷筒) are a popular way to serve ice cream. They're easy to hold ice cream and there is no waste at all because they can be eaten up along with the ice cream. So they're environmentally friendly as well as tasty. It's believed they were invented in 1904 in the US.
Ice cream quickly won the hearts of people in the middle of the twentieth century. At that time, the first fridges became available to the public. Owning one meant you could then keep ice cream at home. It also meant you had a bigger chance of eating ice cream.
21．When was ice cream probably first eaten
A．Over 2, 000 years ago.
B．In the 13th century.
C．In the 17th century.
22．Where was the recipe for making ice cream from
A．China. B．Italy. C．England.
23．Why were Italians considered the European masters of ice cream making
A．Because Marco Polo was a master of ice cream making.
B．Because Italians had more time to practice making ice cream.
C．Because the recipe for making ice cream first appeared in Italy.
24．What can we know from the passage
A．The first fridges were environmentally friendly.
B．Ice cream cones were invented by a French chef.
C．Ice cream became popular in the middle of the 20th century.
25．What is the best title of the passage
A．Marco Polo's Spirit
B．Development of Ice Cream
C．The Recipe for Making Ice Cream
【答案】21．A
22．A
23．B
24．C
25．B
【知識點】說明文；飲食文化；食物介紹；細節理解；標題選擇
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了冰淇淋在世界各地的發展歷史。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和標題選擇題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。 做標題選擇題時，注意關注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判斷標題是否準確的重要依據。利用關鍵詞，文章中的關鍵詞匯、短語或句子往往與標題有緊密聯系，可以通過關鍵詞匯的匹配來縮小選擇范圍。語境理解，理解文章的整體語境和作者的態度傾向，有助于準確把握文章的主旨和標題的選擇方向。
21．細節理解題。根據第一段"You might think ice cream is a modern kind of food, but actually, ice cream was probably first eaten in China more than 2,000 years ago（ 你或許以為冰淇淋是現代食品，但實際上，早在2000多年前的中國，人們可能就已經開始享用這種美味了。 ）"可知冰淇淋最早可能是2000多年前吃的。故選A。
22．細節理解題。根據第二段"Marco Polo, who came from Italy, spent a lot of time in China during the late thirteenth century. People believe that he saw ice cream being made while he was on his travels there. He then brought the recipe（食譜） for it back home when he returned.（ 馬可·波羅來自意大利，13世紀末期曾在中國旅居多年。據信，他在游歷期間目睹了冰淇淋的制作工藝，歸國時便將這一食譜帶回了故鄉。 ）"可知制作冰淇淋的配方來自中國，故選A。
23．細節理解題。根據第二段"Perhaps this is why Italians are considered the European masters of ice cream making, they have had more time than other countries to practice the recipe!（ 或許正因如此，意大利人才被譽為歐洲冰淇淋制作大師——畢竟相比其他國家，他們擁有更悠久的配方錘煉歷史！ ）"可知是因為意大利人有更多的時間練習制作冰淇淋。故選B。
24．細節理解題。根據最后一段"Ice cream quickly won the hearts of people in the middle of the twentieth century.（ 20世紀中葉，冰淇淋迅速風靡全球，征服了無數人的味蕾。 ）"可知冰淇淋在20世紀中期開始流行起來。故選C。
25．標題選擇題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了冰淇淋在世界各地的發展歷史。故文章的最佳標題應是"冰淇淋的歷史"。故選B。
六、詞匯語法專練
26． This nice watch 　 　(用 buy的適當時態填空) by my uncle last week.
【答案】was bought
【知識點】一般過去時的被動語態；其他語法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：這塊精致的手表是我叔叔上周買的。buy，買，動詞。空處為句子的謂語，主語watch與動詞buy之間為被動關系，且根據時間狀語last week可知，謂語應用一般過去時的被動語態，結構為was/were+動詞的過去分詞，根據主謂一致原則，主語watch為單數，故be動詞應用was。故填was bought。
【點評】考查一般過去時的被動語態。注意：結合語境和上下文，理解句子的整體意思和語境，有時需要根據句子的語境和上下文來判斷謂語動詞的具體形式。注意句子中的并列連詞、從屬連詞等，它們可能提示了謂語動詞的時態、語態或形式。
27． Look! This bag is made ____ plastic.
A．from B．of C．into D．out of
【答案】B
【知識點】固定搭配；短語辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：看！這個包是由塑料制成的。from來自；of屬于；into進入/變成；out of從......出來/缺乏。分析句子語境可知，此處表示"由......制成"，be made of/from，be made of，成品能看出原材料; be made from，成品看不出原材料。書包可以看出原材料是塑料。故選B。
【點評】考查介詞辨析。注意：在解題時，要仔細閱讀題目和選項，理解句子的整體含義和上下文關系，根據語境判斷介詞的正確用法，避免生搬硬套或誤解句意。練習和鞏固，多做練習題，通過大量的練習來鞏固介詞的用法和固定搭配，提高解題的準確性和速度。
28． Books are usually made 　 　(用適當的介詞填空) wood.
【答案】from
【知識點】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：書籍通常由木材制成。根據" Books are usually made...wood. "可知，書籍通常由木材制成，且成品看不出原材料，應用固定短語be made from。 故填 from。
【點評】考查固定短語be made from。注意：固定短語的意義往往與語境和上下文密切相關。在解題時，要仔細閱讀句子的語境和上下文，理解句子的整體意思和語境要求，從而選擇最合適的固定短語填入空格。
29． I know the little girl. Her father is an actor. (合并為一個高級句子)
I know the little girl, 　 　 father is an actor.
【答案】whose
【知識點】whose引導的定語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：我認識那個小女孩，她的父親是位演員。句子要求合并為一個高級句子，此處可以使用定語從句來修飾名詞the little girl，作為定語從句的先行詞，在定語從句中做定語，即表示所屬關系，應用關系代詞whose引導定語從句。故填whose。
【點評】考查句型轉換以及定語從句。注意：定語從句的解題關鍵在于 "先辨先行詞，再析從句缺何成分"。具體分三步：定位先行詞：確定被修飾的名詞/代詞（如人、物、時間、地點等）。分析從句結構：判斷從句中缺少的成分（主語、賓語、定語或狀語）。匹配關系詞：根據先行詞性質和從句缺失成分，選擇正確的關系代詞（who/which/that等）或關系副詞（when/where/why）。
30． There are about 500 students in our school. (用高級單詞替換 about)
【答案】around
【知識點】介詞短語
【解析】【分析】句意：我校約有500名學生。句子要求使用高級單詞替換about，about，大約，介詞，其同義詞為around。故填around。
【點評】考查介詞around的識記運用。
七、Thursday死亡谷有動物嗎
死亡谷有動物嗎
It's hard to imagine a place that's more dangerous than Death Valley. Death Valley is the hottest and the driest place in North America. It also has the lowest place in the Western Hemisphere! Although the natural condition in Death Valley is terrible, here is full of life.
Death Valley isn't an easy place to live in. It gets little rain a year, so there isn't much water. In July, temperatures often climb to over 46℃. The ground is mostly sand and rocks. There is even a dried-up lake that has turned into salt crystals.
None of these stops plants and animals from making Death Valley their home. People have found more than 1, 000 kinds of plants there. It also has 51 kinds of mammals, 36 kinds of reptiles, 6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds. The animals aren't all small, either. There are big ones like mountain lions.
Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives in Death Valley. Some plants have roots that go fifty feet under the surface to find water. Some animals get the water they need from the seeds of desert sunflowers. Small fish can live in the water that is five times as salty as the ocean!
All these make people have to be surprised about the magic of life.
31．What can we learn about Death Valley from the passage
A．Death Valley is very hot and dry.
B．Death Valley has a beautiful scene.
C．Death Valley is dangerous for animals.
D．Death Valley has the lowest place in the world.
32．How many kinds of animals are there in Death Valley
A．Over 93. B．Over 300.
C．Over 393. D．Over 1, 393.
33．____ is the biggest challenge for animals living in Death Valley.
A．The short of water B．The hot weather
C．The hard rocks D．The salty water
34．Where can the animals in Death Valley get water according to the passage
A．From the underground. B．From the river.
C．From the ocean. D．From some plants.
35．What's the main purpose of this passage
A．To tell us the importance of water.
B．To teach us how to live in Death Valley.
C．To introduce something about Death Valley.
D．To tell us how to find animals in Death Valley.
【答案】31．A
32．C
33．A
34．D
35．C
【知識點】說明文；世界主要地區地理概況；細節理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了死亡谷的自然環境以及在此居住的生物。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和主旨大意題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
31．細節理解題。根據第二段"Death Valley isn't an easy place to live in. It gets little rain a year, so there isn't much water. In July, temperatures often climb to over 46℃.（死亡谷并非宜居之地。這里年降水量稀少，水源極度匱乏。七月氣溫常飆升至46℃以上。）"可知，死亡谷非常炎熱和干燥。故選A。
32．細節理解題。根據第三段"It also has 51 kinds of mammals 36 kinds of reptiles，6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds.（然而此地仍孕育著51種哺乳動物、36種爬行動物、6種魚類及300余種鳥類。）"可知，在死亡谷有超過393種動物。故選C。
33．細節理解題。根據第四段"Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives in Death Valley.（對死亡谷的任何生物而言，覓水是生存的最大挑戰。）"可知，水資源短缺是生活在死亡谷的動物們面臨的最大挑戰。故選A。
34．細節理解題。根據第四段"Some animals get the water they need from the seeds of desert sunflowers.（部分動物通過食用沙漠向日葵種子獲取必需水分。）"可知，死亡谷的動物從一些植物身上獲取水資源。故選D。
35．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了死亡谷的自然環境以及在此居住的生物，由此可推斷本文的目的是向我們介紹有關死亡谷的一些事情。故選C。
八、詞匯語法專練
36． Do you still remember the tree on the hill We planted the tree last year. (合并為一個高級句子)
Do you still remember the tree on the hill 　 　 we planted last year
【答案】which/ that
【知識點】which引導的定語從句；that引導的定語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：你還記得去年我們在山上種的那棵樹嗎？句子要求合并為一個高級句子，此處可以使用一個定語從句修飾名詞the hill，合并成為一個含有定語從句的主從復合句，定語從句的先行詞為the hill，指物，且在定語從句中作賓語，應用關系代詞which/that引導定語從句。故填which/that。
【點評】考查定語從句。注意：定語從句的解題關鍵在于 "先辨先行詞，再析從句缺何成分"。具體分三步：定位先行詞：確定被修飾的名詞/代詞（如人、物、時間、地點等）。分析從句結構：判斷從句中缺少的成分（主語、賓語、定語或狀語）。匹配關系詞：根據先行詞性質和從句缺失成分，選擇正確的關系代詞（who/which/that等）或關系副詞（when/where/why）。
37． After he gets to the city, the most important thing is to find a room ____ .
A．lives B．living C．to live D．to live in
【答案】D
【知識點】動詞不定式；不及物動詞
【解析】【分析】句意：抵達城市后，當務之急是尋得棲身之所。lives三單式；living，現在分詞或者動名詞； to live動詞不定式；to live in動詞不定式。空處為非謂語且在句中作后置定語修飾名詞room，應用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義，live是不及物動詞，不能直接修飾名詞 room，需要加介詞 in, 即live in a room。故選D。
【點評】考查非謂語動詞。注意：作定語的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或者代詞是不定式動作的地點，工具等，動詞不定式后須有相應的介詞。
38． This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. (合并為一個高級句子)
This is the best film 　 　 I have ever seen.
【答案】that
【知識點】that引導的定語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：這是我迄今為止看過的最佳影片。句子要求合并為一個高級句子，可以使用一個定語從句修飾名詞film，將句子改為含有定語從句的主從復合句，先行詞為film，指物，且在定語從句中作賓語，且先行詞被形容詞的最高級（ the best ）修飾，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that。
【點評】考查定語從句。注意：在定語從句中，以下情況通常只用that，不用which。當先行詞是all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時。當先行詞被the only, the very（正是、恰是）, the same, the last修飾時。當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。當先行詞既有人又有物時。例如：He talked about the people and the things that he saw in the city.當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。
39． There is ____ milk in the fridge. I must go to buy some immediately.
A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
【答案】B
【知識點】不定代詞a few / few / a little / little
【解析】【分析】句意：冰箱里幾乎沒牛奶了，我得馬上去買些。few幾個/一些，修飾可數名詞復數，表示否定意義；little幾乎沒有，修飾不可數名詞，表示否定意義；a few幾個/一些，修飾可數名詞復數，表示肯定意義；a little一點兒/少量，修飾不可數名詞，表示肯定意義。根據" I must go to buy some immediately. "可知，冰箱里幾乎沒有牛奶了，且milk為不可數名詞。故選B。
【點評】考查不定代詞辨析。注意： 可數few/a few，不可little/a little；帶a表肯定，無a否定記。要清楚每個選項中不定代詞的確切意義，在理解每個選項的意義和用法的基礎上，還需要結合句子的語境來做出選擇。當遇到不確定的選項時，可以嘗試使用排除法。增加詞匯量和熟悉常用短語是提高解題能力的關鍵。
40． I' ll do anything 　 　(用適當的單詞填空) I can to help you.
【答案】that
【知識點】that引導的賓語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：我會竭盡所能幫助你。空處引導定語從句，先行詞為不定代詞anything，且在定語從句中做賓語，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that。
【點評】考查定語從句。
九、Friday完形填空與新題型
A閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。
I used to have little passion(激情) in my life. But what happened the other day changed my mind. It was then that I learned how 41． it is to have passion in life.
That day I went home in my mom's car. When Mom 42． at a red light, someone on the side of the road caught my eyes. It was a man dressed in rags(衣衫襤褸). He was homeless. That didn't 43． me, because I had seen many like him before. Those people usually looked unhappy and hopeless.
But this man was 44． in some way. He was not sitting down with a sad expression. 45． , he had a radio in his hand and was dancing happily to the music. The radio seemed to be the most precious thing he had.
"Mom, why does that man have a radio though he's homeless " I asked.
"He bought it, " she replied.
"But why doesn't he use the money to buy food or clothes He 46． something that he didn't need. "
"Well, Sarah, sometimes food and clothes aren't the most important. "
That man must 47． so much about music that he bought a radio instead of food or clothes. I soon realized that 48． is the key to life.
Since then I have been always thinking of what is 49． important in life. A home, a meal, clothes— these things are only parts of life. What we often forget is that we all need a joy, a light on a 50． day. We all need passion which gives us the happiness we need to keep going.
41．A． strange B． important C． difficult D． humorous
42．A． walked B． stopped C． stood D． shouted
43．A． require B． hurt C． interest D． punish
44．A． famous B． bored C． patient D． different
45．A． Instead B． Anyway C． But D． Finally
46．A． asked for B． waited for
C． paid for D． prepared for
47．A． talk B． care C． learn D． expect
48．A． knowledge B． health C． happiness D． success
49．A． truly B． seriously C． completely D． simply
50．A． dark B． warm C． hot D． relaxing
【答案】41．B；42．B；43．C；44．D；45．A；46．C；47．B；48．C；49．A；50．A
【知識點】人生百味類；故事閱讀類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者過去對生活沒有什么激情，但有一天作者看到的事情改變了作者的想法，作者明白了在生活中擁有激情是多么重要。
【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義，最后對選項進行對比分析，選出正確選項。完形填空旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文，把握大意。在開始答題之前，應先通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大致內容。這樣有助于理解作者的意圖，把握文章的整體思路，為后續的填空選擇提供正確的方向。二、仔細分析，逐一排查。對于每一個空，要仔細分析所給的選項，逐一排查，選出最符合文意的答案。通常情況下，完形填空中會有幾個空白需要填寫形容詞、副、名詞等，要注意所填的詞要與句子前后內容相符。三、結合上下文，理解語義。有時候僅從一個空所在的句子很難確定正確的答案，這時需要結合上下文，理解整體的語義環境。通過對前后的語境分析，確定一個合理的答案。四、注意語法結構。完形填空中涉及的語法知識較多，如時態、語態、詞性等。在選擇答案時，要仔細考慮語法結構是否正確。
41．句意：就在那時，我明白了在生活中擁有激情是多么重要。strange奇怪的；important重要的；difficult難的；humorous幽默的。根據"it is to have passion in life."并結合語境，可知，應說生活中激情有多么重要。故選B。
42．句意：當媽媽在等紅燈時，路邊有人引起了我的注意。walked走路；stopped停止；stood站立；shouted喊叫。根據"at a red light"可知，在紅燈處應該停下來。故選B。
43．句意：我對此不感興趣，因為我以前見過很多像他這樣的人。require要求；hurt傷害；interest使關注；punish懲罰。根據"because I had seen many like him before."可知，因為作者以前見過許多像他這樣的人，所以應說這個吸引不了作者。故選C。
44．句意：但這個人在某種程度上是不同的。famous著名的；bored無聊的；patient有耐心的；different不同的。根據"in some way"以及"He was not sitting down with a sad expression."可知，應說這個人在某種程度上是不同的。故選D。
45．句意：相反，他手里拿著一臺收音機，正隨著音樂歡快地跳舞。Instead相反；Anyway無論如何；But但；Finally最終。根據"He was not sitting down with a sad expression."以及"he had a radio in his hand and was dancing happily to the music."可知，作者看到的這個人和以前看到的不一樣，其他人都是有很悲傷表情，而他卻拿著一臺收音機，正隨著音樂歡快地跳舞，instead符合語境。故選A。
46．句意：他買了一些他不需要的東西。asked for要求；waited for等待；paid for支付；prepared for準備。根據"But why doesn't he use the money to buy food or clothes "可知，應說買了一些不需要的東西。故選C。
47．句意：那個人一定很在乎音樂，他買了一臺收音機而不是食物和衣服。talk說；care關心；learn學習；expect除了。根據"so much about music that he bought a radio instead of food or clothes."可知，應說因為那個人很在乎音樂，所以買了收音機，而不是食物和衣服。故選B。
48．句意：我很快意識到快樂是生活的關鍵。knowledge知識；health健康；happiness快樂；success成功。根據"so much about music that he bought a radio instead of food or clothes."以及"is the key to life."可知，應說快樂是生活的關鍵。故選C。
49．句意：從那時起，我一直在思考生活中真正重要的是什么。truly真正地；seriously認真地；completely完全地；simply僅僅。根據"Since then I have been always thinking of what is…important in life."并結合語境，指的是真正重要的是什么。故選A。
50．句意：我們常常忘記的是，我們都需要快樂，黑暗的日子里的一束光。dark黑暗的；warm溫暖的；hot熱的；relaxing放松的。根據"What we often forget is that we all need a joy, a light on a"可知，指的是黑暗的日子里的一束光。故選A。
B閱讀下面短文，完成相關任務。
International Nurses Day is celebrated every year on May 12th. The date was set in honor of Miss Florence Nightingale's birthday.
On May 12th, 1820, while enjoying a long vacation with her family in Florence, Italy, Mrs. Nightingale, an English mother gave birth to a girl. She and her husband loved the city very much so they named their daughter after it.
Unlike most girls who were to become a wife and mother, Florence Nightingale, dreamed to become a nurse in helping others, as she found hospitals were very dirty and terrible places. Nightingale's father tried to change her mind but failed. He later gave in and allowed her to study nursing.
In 1854, many British soldiers went to fight in the Crimean War. The army hospital was full of wounded men, but there were no nurses and it was so dirty everywhere that many of the wounded died. Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help.
Nightingale worked twenty hours a day to make the hospital a cleaner and safer place. She cleaned the beds, changed bandages(繃帶) for the wounded and brought them fresh food. Withherefforts, fewersoldiersweredying. At night, Nightingale walked around with a lamp, talking to her patients and helping them write family letters. The soldiers called her "the Lady with the Lamp".
When the war was over, Nightingale became a British national hero. Queen Victoria even wrote to thank her for her service for the country. Nightingale later wrote several books about nursing, and she also started a nursing school. Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing.
51．When is Nightingale's birthday
52．Why did Queen Victoria write to Nightingale
53．請將文中畫線句子翻譯成中文。
54．請從文中找出以下句子的同義句。
The country sent some nurses including Nightingale to offer help in the war.
55．請根據你的實際情況回答問題。
What do you want to be when you grow up
【答案】51．On May 12th.
52．To thank her for her service for the country.
53．在她的努力下，死亡的士兵越來越少。
54．Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help.
55．I want to be a teacher.
【知識點】記敘文；對社會有突出貢獻的人物事跡
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了現代護理學的奠基人——護士南丁格爾。
【點評】考查任務型閱讀。任務型閱讀的解題策略如下。
1. 理解任務要求。在開始解題前，首先要仔細閱讀題目要求，明確任務的具體內容。這包括了解需要回答的問題類型（如填空題、選擇題、簡答題等）、涉及的信息范圍以及解題的具體要求。通過理解任務要求，能夠有針對性地開展閱讀，提高解題效率。
2. 快速瀏覽全文。在開始答題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大意和整體結構。這有助于形成對文章的初步印象，為后續的信息定位和理解打下基礎。在瀏覽過程中，可以注意文章的標題、段落首句以及關鍵詞，以快速獲取文章的主題和要點。
3. 定位關鍵信息。根據題目要求，有針對性地在文章中定位關鍵信息。這可以通過查找關鍵詞、短語或句子來實現。在定位信息時，要注意信息的準確性和完整性，確保所找到的內容與題目要求相符合。
4. 深入閱讀理解。在找到關鍵信息后，需要進一步深入理解相關信息。這包括對文章中的細節、上下文關系以及作者的意圖進行分析。通過深入理解，能夠更準確地把握文章的核心內容，為答題提供有力的支持。
51．根據"On May 12th, 1820, while enjoying a long vacation with her family in Florence, Italy, Mrs. Nightingale, an English mother gave birth to a girl"可知，南丁格爾出生于1820年5月12日，故她的生日是每年的5月12日。故填On May 12th.
52．根據"Queen Victoria even wrote to thank her for her service for the country"可知，維多利亞女王寫信感謝她為國家做出的貢獻。故填To thank her for her service for the country.
53．With her efforts"在她的努力下"；"fewer soldiers"更少的士兵；"were dying"死亡"。故填：在她的努力下，死亡的士兵減少了。
54．根據"The country sent some nurses including Nightingale to offer help in the war."可知，國家派遣了包括南丁格爾在內的一些護士在戰爭中提供幫助。與文中句子Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help."南丁格爾和一組護士被派去幫忙。"意思相近。故填Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help.
55．開放性試題，答案言之有理即可。例如，我長大后想當一名老師。故填I want to be a teacher.
1 / 1哈佛英語時文閱讀-7年級 Week13
一、Monday卡拉庫姆沙漠中的火焰還在燃燒_
卡拉庫姆沙漠中的火焰還在燃燒
In the middle of the Karakum Desert, there's a 230-foot-wide hole and it's on fire.
In 1971, a group of Soviet petroleum geologists went across the Karakum Desert to look for petroleum. When they found a place that they thought had oil, they set up a drilling rig.
Unfortunately, it was over a big natural gas cavern. When they drilled, the whole thing collapsed, taking the rig. Even worse, methane gas, which is dangerous and explosive, was leaking from the hole. So the Soviet geologists set the hole on fire.
The scientists thought it would burn for a few weeks or months and then stop. However, it has been burning for over 50 years.
The locals call it the gates of hell or the door to hell. More scientifically, it's the DarvazaGas Crater.
In 2009, the Turkmen president wanted it closed. But that didn't happen. In fact, it's become a tourist site. The tourism minister says it's a major attraction.
For a country with only 10, 000 to 15, 000 tourists a year, it's important that people want to go to the gates of hell.
It's also said that the crater attracts local spiders. They come to the edge because of the light and heat and throw themselves in.
The crater has been burning for over 50 years and no one knows when it will stop. But with tourists interested, it might keep burning for a while.
1．How wide is the hole in the Karakum Desert
A．230 feet. B．320 feet. C．430 feet. D．530 feet.
2．What was the group of Soviet petroleum geologists looking for in the desert
A．Gold. B．Petroleum. C．Natural gas. D．Coal.
3．How long has the hole been burning
A．For over 20 years. B．For over 30 years.
C．For over 40 years. D．For over 50 years.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The hole will never stop burning.
B．The hole will stop burning soon.
C．No one knows when the hole will stop burning.
D．The hole has already stopped burning.
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A．The history of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
B．The danger of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
C．The tourism of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
D．The introduction of the Darvaza Gas Crater.
二、詞匯語法專練
6． We need to ____a new system to deal with this problem.
A．set up B．put up C．look up D．give up
7． Unluckily, the weather was bad during our vacation. (用同義詞替換 Unluckily)
8． The big bridge fell because of the earthquake. (用高級單詞替換 fell)
9． The mountain road is 　 　(用 danger的適當形式填空), especially in bad weather.
10． 據說這部新電影非常有趣。
It's 　 　 that the new movie is very interesting.
三、Tuesday "Sorry"不僅僅是"對不起"
"Sorry"不僅僅是"對不起"
Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than" I'm sorry". This phrase has become such a common response that it has taken on a lot of meanings.
Saying "sorry" means to apologize. This is simple and easy to understand. We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages.
But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. Imagine this: Aman walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps into the woman. Who should say sorry Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn't looking where he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common for both to apologize.
It is known that British people, like most people, do not enjoy conflict. So to quickly calm the situation, British people will apologize to each other.
Other times it may sound funny to hear" sorry". Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter, "Sorry, but can I order another drink " It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn't always mean exactly what you think.
11．According to the text, "saying sorry" is a cultural expression in ____。
A．the USA B．the UK C．New Zealand D．Australia
12．What does the underlined word" it" refer to
A．Saying "sorry". B．A foreign language.
C．A native speaker. D．The man's phone.
13．Which picture can describe the situation in Paragraph 3
A． B．
C． D．
14．The restaurant example shows that" sorry" can be used to ____ .
A．make an apology
B．calm a situation down
C．explain what you're thinking about
D．ask a waiter to bring something
15．The text mainly talks about ____ .
A．different meanings of" sorry"
B．traditional British manners
C．how to best catch others' attention
D．a way out of a difficult situation
四、詞匯語法專練
16． She waters the flowers twice a week. (改為被動句)
The flowers 　 　 by her twice a week.
17． It's such a nice day that we want to go out for a picnic. (同義句轉換)
It's so 　 　 day that we want to go out for a picnic.
18． He nodded his head in 　 　(回應, 反應) to her question.
19． It was Tom's father ____ helped the boy out of danger.
A．what B．when C．who D．which
20． There was a 　 　(沖突) between his words and his actions.
五、Wednesday誰最早吃冰淇淋
誰最早吃冰淇淋
You might think ice cream is a modern kind of food, but actually, ice cream was probably first eaten in China more than 2, 000years ago. It was made from rice and milk. In Europe around 2, 000 years ago, Roman leaders also enjoyed a kind of frozen dessert. Snow and fruit were used to make it. It wasn't true ice cream, though, as it had no milk or cream in it.
Marco Polo, who came from Italy, spent a lot of time in China during the late thirteenth century. People believe that he saw ice cream being made while he was on his travels there. He then brought the recipe for it back home when he returned. This was the first time true ice cream was made in Europe. Perhaps this is why Italians are considered the European masters of ice cream making. They have had more time than other countries to practice the recipe!
In the seventeenth century, King Charles I of England was introduced to the pleasure of cream by his new French chef. He was so surprised by its beautiful taste.
Ice cream cones(蛋卷筒) are a popular way to serve ice cream. They're easy to hold ice cream and there is no waste at all because they can be eaten up along with the ice cream. So they're environmentally friendly as well as tasty. It's believed they were invented in 1904 in the US.
Ice cream quickly won the hearts of people in the middle of the twentieth century. At that time, the first fridges became available to the public. Owning one meant you could then keep ice cream at home. It also meant you had a bigger chance of eating ice cream.
21．When was ice cream probably first eaten
A．Over 2, 000 years ago.
B．In the 13th century.
C．In the 17th century.
22．Where was the recipe for making ice cream from
A．China. B．Italy. C．England.
23．Why were Italians considered the European masters of ice cream making
A．Because Marco Polo was a master of ice cream making.
B．Because Italians had more time to practice making ice cream.
C．Because the recipe for making ice cream first appeared in Italy.
24．What can we know from the passage
A．The first fridges were environmentally friendly.
B．Ice cream cones were invented by a French chef.
C．Ice cream became popular in the middle of the 20th century.
25．What is the best title of the passage
A．Marco Polo's Spirit
B．Development of Ice Cream
C．The Recipe for Making Ice Cream
六、詞匯語法專練
26． This nice watch 　 　(用 buy的適當時態填空) by my uncle last week.
27． Look! This bag is made ____ plastic.
A．from B．of C．into D．out of
28． Books are usually made 　 　(用適當的介詞填空) wood.
29． I know the little girl. Her father is an actor. (合并為一個高級句子)
I know the little girl, 　 　 father is an actor.
30． There are about 500 students in our school. (用高級單詞替換 about)
七、Thursday死亡谷有動物嗎
死亡谷有動物嗎
It's hard to imagine a place that's more dangerous than Death Valley. Death Valley is the hottest and the driest place in North America. It also has the lowest place in the Western Hemisphere! Although the natural condition in Death Valley is terrible, here is full of life.
Death Valley isn't an easy place to live in. It gets little rain a year, so there isn't much water. In July, temperatures often climb to over 46℃. The ground is mostly sand and rocks. There is even a dried-up lake that has turned into salt crystals.
None of these stops plants and animals from making Death Valley their home. People have found more than 1, 000 kinds of plants there. It also has 51 kinds of mammals, 36 kinds of reptiles, 6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds. The animals aren't all small, either. There are big ones like mountain lions.
Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives in Death Valley. Some plants have roots that go fifty feet under the surface to find water. Some animals get the water they need from the seeds of desert sunflowers. Small fish can live in the water that is five times as salty as the ocean!
All these make people have to be surprised about the magic of life.
31．What can we learn about Death Valley from the passage
A．Death Valley is very hot and dry.
B．Death Valley has a beautiful scene.
C．Death Valley is dangerous for animals.
D．Death Valley has the lowest place in the world.
32．How many kinds of animals are there in Death Valley
A．Over 93. B．Over 300.
C．Over 393. D．Over 1, 393.
33．____ is the biggest challenge for animals living in Death Valley.
A．The short of water B．The hot weather
C．The hard rocks D．The salty water
34．Where can the animals in Death Valley get water according to the passage
A．From the underground. B．From the river.
C．From the ocean. D．From some plants.
35．What's the main purpose of this passage
A．To tell us the importance of water.
B．To teach us how to live in Death Valley.
C．To introduce something about Death Valley.
D．To tell us how to find animals in Death Valley.
八、詞匯語法專練
36． Do you still remember the tree on the hill We planted the tree last year. (合并為一個高級句子)
Do you still remember the tree on the hill 　 　 we planted last year
37． After he gets to the city, the most important thing is to find a room ____ .
A．lives B．living C．to live D．to live in
38． This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. (合并為一個高級句子)
This is the best film 　 　 I have ever seen.
39． There is ____ milk in the fridge. I must go to buy some immediately.
A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
40． I' ll do anything 　 　(用適當的單詞填空) I can to help you.
九、Friday完形填空與新題型
A閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。
I used to have little passion(激情) in my life. But what happened the other day changed my mind. It was then that I learned how 41． it is to have passion in life.
That day I went home in my mom's car. When Mom 42． at a red light, someone on the side of the road caught my eyes. It was a man dressed in rags(衣衫襤褸). He was homeless. That didn't 43． me, because I had seen many like him before. Those people usually looked unhappy and hopeless.
But this man was 44． in some way. He was not sitting down with a sad expression. 45． , he had a radio in his hand and was dancing happily to the music. The radio seemed to be the most precious thing he had.
"Mom, why does that man have a radio though he's homeless " I asked.
"He bought it, " she replied.
"But why doesn't he use the money to buy food or clothes He 46． something that he didn't need. "
"Well, Sarah, sometimes food and clothes aren't the most important. "
That man must 47． so much about music that he bought a radio instead of food or clothes. I soon realized that 48． is the key to life.
Since then I have been always thinking of what is 49． important in life. A home, a meal, clothes— these things are only parts of life. What we often forget is that we all need a joy, a light on a 50． day. We all need passion which gives us the happiness we need to keep going.
41．A． strange B． important C． difficult D． humorous
42．A． walked B． stopped C． stood D． shouted
43．A． require B． hurt C． interest D． punish
44．A． famous B． bored C． patient D． different
45．A． Instead B． Anyway C． But D． Finally
46．A． asked for B． waited for
C． paid for D． prepared for
47．A． talk B． care C． learn D． expect
48．A． knowledge B． health C． happiness D． success
49．A． truly B． seriously C． completely D． simply
50．A． dark B． warm C． hot D． relaxing
B閱讀下面短文，完成相關任務。
International Nurses Day is celebrated every year on May 12th. The date was set in honor of Miss Florence Nightingale's birthday.
On May 12th, 1820, while enjoying a long vacation with her family in Florence, Italy, Mrs. Nightingale, an English mother gave birth to a girl. She and her husband loved the city very much so they named their daughter after it.
Unlike most girls who were to become a wife and mother, Florence Nightingale, dreamed to become a nurse in helping others, as she found hospitals were very dirty and terrible places. Nightingale's father tried to change her mind but failed. He later gave in and allowed her to study nursing.
In 1854, many British soldiers went to fight in the Crimean War. The army hospital was full of wounded men, but there were no nurses and it was so dirty everywhere that many of the wounded died. Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help.
Nightingale worked twenty hours a day to make the hospital a cleaner and safer place. She cleaned the beds, changed bandages(繃帶) for the wounded and brought them fresh food. Withherefforts, fewersoldiersweredying. At night, Nightingale walked around with a lamp, talking to her patients and helping them write family letters. The soldiers called her "the Lady with the Lamp".
When the war was over, Nightingale became a British national hero. Queen Victoria even wrote to thank her for her service for the country. Nightingale later wrote several books about nursing, and she also started a nursing school. Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing.
51．When is Nightingale's birthday
52．Why did Queen Victoria write to Nightingale
53．請將文中畫線句子翻譯成中文。
54．請從文中找出以下句子的同義句。
The country sent some nurses including Nightingale to offer help in the war.
55．請根據你的實際情況回答問題。
What do you want to be when you grow up
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．D
4．C
5．D
【知識點】說明文；世界主要地區地理概況；細節理解；推理判斷；文章大意
【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了土庫曼斯坦卡拉庫姆沙漠中的"地獄之門"是1971年蘇聯勘探隊意外點燃的天然氣坑，持續燃燒50余年，現已成為重要旅游景觀，展現自然奇觀與人類活動的交織。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
1．細節理解題。根據第一段"In the middle of the Karakum Desert, there's a 230-foot-wide hole and it's on fire.（在卡拉庫姆沙漠中心，有一個直徑230英尺（約70米）的巨坑，至今仍在熊熊燃燒。） "可知，卡拉庫姆沙漠中心巨坑有230英尺寬。故選A。
2．細節理解題。根據第二段"In 1971, a group of Soviet petroleum geologists went across the Karakum Desert to look for petroleum. （1971年，蘇聯石油地質學家團隊穿越卡拉庫姆沙漠勘探石油資源。）"可知，蘇聯石油地質學家團隊在沙漠中尋找石油。故選B。
3．細節理解題。根據第四段"However, it has been burning for over 50 years. （但這場大火已持續燃燒逾半個世紀。）"可知，這場大火已持續燃燒超過50年。故選D。
4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段" The crater has been burning for over 50 years and no one knows when it will stop. （這個燃燒了50多年的火焰巨坑，熄滅之日仍不可知。） "可知，巨坑火焰熄滅之日仍不可知。故選C。
5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了土庫曼斯坦卡拉庫姆沙漠中的"地獄之門"是1971年蘇聯勘探隊意外點燃的天然氣坑。故選D。
6．【答案】A
【知識點】固定搭配；短語辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：我們需要建立一套新體系來解決這一問題。set up建立/設立; put up張貼/搭建；look up查閱/向上看；give up放棄。根據" We need to...a new system to deal with this problem. "可知，我們需要建立一個體系以解決問題。故選A。
【點評】考查動詞短語辨析。注意：在解題時，要仔細閱讀題目和選項，理解句子的語境和含義，根據句子的邏輯關系和語境，判斷哪個動詞短語更符合句子的意思。對于不確定的選項，可以先嘗試排除那些明顯不符合句意或語法的選項，縮小選擇范圍，將各個選項進行對比分析，找出它們之間的異同點，從而確定正確答案。
7．【答案】Unfortunately
【知識點】句子副詞
【解析】【分析】句意：遺憾的是，我們度假期間天氣不佳。句子要求用同義詞替換Unluckily，unluckily，不幸運地，副詞，其同義詞為unfortunately，在句中作狀語修飾整個句子，句首首字母大寫。故填Unfortunately。
【點評】考查句型轉換，副詞unfortunately的識記運用以及副詞作狀語修飾句子。注意：注意副詞的修飾對象和位置。副詞修飾動詞時，通常位于動詞之前或之后（但某些副詞如頻度副詞常位于句首或助動詞之后）。副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，位于被修飾詞之前。某些副詞如fortunately（幸運地）、unfortunately（不幸地）可以修飾整個句子，通常位于句首或句末。
8．【答案】collapsed
【知識點】一般過去時
【解析】【分析】句意：大橋因地震而倒塌。句子要求用高級單詞替換fell，fell為fall的過去式，意為"倒下, 掉落"，其同義詞為collapse，此處時態為一般過去時，應用其過去式。故填collapsed。
【點評】考查句型轉換，時態（一般過去時）以及動詞collapse的識記運用。注意：在同義句轉換的過程中，要注意保持人稱，時態，語態的一致。
9．【答案】dangerous
【知識點】形容詞作表語
【解析】【分析】句意：山路險峻，天氣惡劣時尤甚。 danger，危險，可數名詞&不可數名詞。空處在句中做表語，用以描述主語The mountain road的特征，空處表示"危險的"，dangerous，形容詞，符合語境。故填dangerous。
【點評】考查形容詞dangerous的識記運用，詞性轉換以及形容詞做表語。注意： 當題目空格位于系動詞之后且需要描述主語狀態或特征時，基本可以確定為形容詞表語考點。解題時首先要識別句子中的系動詞，除最常見的be動詞外，要特別注意感官動詞和狀態變化動詞的使用。考生需建立"動詞性質判斷→形容詞形式選擇→語義邏輯驗證"的三步解題流程：第一步分析動詞性質，確認是否為系動詞；第二步根據主語特性選擇正確的形容詞形式，特別注意-ing和-ed結尾形容詞的區別（exciting描述事物特性，excited描述人的感受）；第三步將所選形容詞代入句子驗證是否符合邏輯語義。
10．【答案】said
【知識點】過去式和過去分詞；固定搭配
【解析】【分析】根據中英文對照可知，此處缺少"據說……"，It's said that…，固定句式。故填said。
【點評】考查漢譯英以及固定句式。注意：熟練識記it作形式主語的句式。如：It + 系動詞 + 形容詞 + 真正主語（不定式/動名詞/從句）。
【答案】11．B
12．A
13．C
14．D
15．A
【知識點】說明文；世界主要國家文化習俗；細節理解；代詞指代；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在英國說"對不起"的不同含義。它不僅僅是道歉的意思，有時還表示我們需要幫助的意思。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題，代詞指代題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。在開始解答代詞指代題之前，先快速瀏覽全文，對文章的主題、內容和結構有一個大致的了解，理解文章的整體語境，這有助于后續對代詞指代關系的判斷。仔細閱讀題干，找出需要確定指代的代詞，并在原文中精確定位其位置，代詞的出現往往與上下文緊密相關，因此要注意代詞前后的句子或段落。根據上下文和語境，分析代詞與潛在指代對象之間的邏輯關系，確定哪個名詞最有可能是代詞的指代對象，確保代詞所指代的內容與原文中的描述在語義上保持一致。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
11．細節理解題。根據"Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than ‘I'm sorry'. "可知，"說對不起"是英國的一種文化表達方式。故選B。
12．代詞指代題。根據"Saying ‘Sorry' means to apologize (道歉). This is simple and easy to understand."和"We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages."可知，說"Sorry"意味著道歉。作為母語者和學習外語的學生，我們都在學習這種表達。所以it指的是"說對不起"。故選A。
13．細節理解題。根據"a man walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps (碰撞) into the woman."可知，一個男人走在街上，低頭看手機。一個女人正朝相反的方向，朝著那個男人走去。她看見了他，但沒能及時躲開。男人撞到了女人。這時男人應該道歉，但是在英國，雙方都道歉是很常見的，C選項符合，故選C。
14．細節理解題。根據"Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter, ‘Sorry, but can I order another drink ' It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter"可知，餐館的例子表明，"對不起"可以用來要求服務員拿東西來。故選D。
15．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了在英國說"對不起"的不同含義。它不僅僅是道歉的意思，有時還表示我們需要幫助的意思。故選A。
16．【答案】are watered
【知識點】一般過去時的被動語態；其他語法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：她一周澆花兩次。句子要求改為被動句，原句謂語為waters，為一般現在時的主動語態，故改為被動句后，謂語應用一般現在時的被動語態，結構為am/is/are +過去分詞，根據主謂一致原則，主語flowers為復數，故be動詞應用are。故填are watered。
【點評】考查句型轉換，一般現在時的被動語態以及主謂一致。注意： 首先識別原句的主謂賓結構，明確動作執行者（主語）、動作（謂語）和承受者（賓語）；第二步進行主賓位置互換，將原賓語調整為新主語；第三步根據原句時態確定be動詞的正確形式，并確保過去分詞使用準確；第四步判斷是否需要保留by短語，若動作執行者重要則保留，否則可省略。解題過程中要特別注意三類易錯情況：不規則動詞的過去分詞形式（如write-written）、雙賓語動詞的被動轉換（如give可轉換為兩種被動句式）、以及短語動詞的被動結構（如look after需完整保留介詞）。
17．【答案】nice a
【知識點】so that與so...that...引導的結果狀語從句；such (...) that...引導的結果狀語從句司
【解析】【分析】句意：今天天氣這么好，我們真想出去野餐。原句中的結構"such a+ adj. +單數可數名詞+ that"相當于"so+adj. +a+單數可數名詞+ that", 意為"如此 以至于 "。故填nice a。
【點評】考查句型轉換。注意：熟記such + (a/an) + adj. + noun = so + adj. + a/an + noun。轉換時，形容詞提前，冠詞后移，保持句子邏輯不變。
18．【答案】response
【知識點】不可數名詞；介詞短語
【解析】【分析】句意：他點頭回應了她的問題。空處表示"回應"，response，不可數名詞，符合語境，此處為固定短語in response to，意為"對······的回應"。故填response。
【點評】考查名詞response的識記運用以及固定短語in response to。注意：固定短語有其固定的結構和用法，包括詞序、詞性搭配等。在解題時，要注意短語的結構特點，確保填入的詞與短語的其他部分在詞性和詞序上相匹配。
19．【答案】C
【知識點】強調句
【解析】【分析】句意：正是湯姆的父親幫助男孩脫離險境。what什么；when什么時候；who誰；which哪一個。分析句子語境可知，此處為強調句，強調句子的主語Tom's father，強調句結構為：It is/ was + 被強調部分+ that/who + 其他，當被強調部分是表示人的主語時，可以用 who替換 that。故選C。
【點評】考查強調句。注意：判斷是否為強調句的關鍵在于去掉 "It is/was...that/who..." 后，句子仍然完整，若完整，則為強調句。
20．【答案】conflict
【知識點】可數名詞的單數
【解析】【分析】句意：他的言行之間存在矛盾。空處表示"沖突"，conflict，可數名詞，被a修飾，應用其單數形式。故填conflict。
【點評】考查名詞conflict的識記運用。注意：名詞在句子中常需要根據語境進行形式上的變化，如單復數、所有格等。在填空時，首先要根據句子的意思和語法規則判斷應填入的名詞形式。例如，若句子中提到多個相同的事物，則名詞需用復數形式；若表示所屬關系，則需使用名詞所有格。
【答案】21．A
22．A
23．B
24．C
25．B
【知識點】說明文；飲食文化；食物介紹；細節理解；標題選擇
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了冰淇淋在世界各地的發展歷史。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和標題選擇題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。 做標題選擇題時，注意關注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判斷標題是否準確的重要依據。利用關鍵詞，文章中的關鍵詞匯、短語或句子往往與標題有緊密聯系，可以通過關鍵詞匯的匹配來縮小選擇范圍。語境理解，理解文章的整體語境和作者的態度傾向，有助于準確把握文章的主旨和標題的選擇方向。
21．細節理解題。根據第一段"You might think ice cream is a modern kind of food, but actually, ice cream was probably first eaten in China more than 2,000 years ago（ 你或許以為冰淇淋是現代食品，但實際上，早在2000多年前的中國，人們可能就已經開始享用這種美味了。 ）"可知冰淇淋最早可能是2000多年前吃的。故選A。
22．細節理解題。根據第二段"Marco Polo, who came from Italy, spent a lot of time in China during the late thirteenth century. People believe that he saw ice cream being made while he was on his travels there. He then brought the recipe（食譜） for it back home when he returned.（ 馬可·波羅來自意大利，13世紀末期曾在中國旅居多年。據信，他在游歷期間目睹了冰淇淋的制作工藝，歸國時便將這一食譜帶回了故鄉。 ）"可知制作冰淇淋的配方來自中國，故選A。
23．細節理解題。根據第二段"Perhaps this is why Italians are considered the European masters of ice cream making, they have had more time than other countries to practice the recipe!（ 或許正因如此，意大利人才被譽為歐洲冰淇淋制作大師——畢竟相比其他國家，他們擁有更悠久的配方錘煉歷史！ ）"可知是因為意大利人有更多的時間練習制作冰淇淋。故選B。
24．細節理解題。根據最后一段"Ice cream quickly won the hearts of people in the middle of the twentieth century.（ 20世紀中葉，冰淇淋迅速風靡全球，征服了無數人的味蕾。 ）"可知冰淇淋在20世紀中期開始流行起來。故選C。
25．標題選擇題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了冰淇淋在世界各地的發展歷史。故文章的最佳標題應是"冰淇淋的歷史"。故選B。
26．【答案】was bought
【知識點】一般過去時的被動語態；其他語法一致形式
【解析】【分析】句意：這塊精致的手表是我叔叔上周買的。buy，買，動詞。空處為句子的謂語，主語watch與動詞buy之間為被動關系，且根據時間狀語last week可知，謂語應用一般過去時的被動語態，結構為was/were+動詞的過去分詞，根據主謂一致原則，主語watch為單數，故be動詞應用was。故填was bought。
【點評】考查一般過去時的被動語態。注意：結合語境和上下文，理解句子的整體意思和語境，有時需要根據句子的語境和上下文來判斷謂語動詞的具體形式。注意句子中的并列連詞、從屬連詞等，它們可能提示了謂語動詞的時態、語態或形式。
27．【答案】B
【知識點】固定搭配；短語辨析
【解析】【分析】句意：看！這個包是由塑料制成的。from來自；of屬于；into進入/變成；out of從......出來/缺乏。分析句子語境可知，此處表示"由......制成"，be made of/from，be made of，成品能看出原材料; be made from，成品看不出原材料。書包可以看出原材料是塑料。故選B。
【點評】考查介詞辨析。注意：在解題時，要仔細閱讀題目和選項，理解句子的整體含義和上下文關系，根據語境判斷介詞的正確用法，避免生搬硬套或誤解句意。練習和鞏固，多做練習題，通過大量的練習來鞏固介詞的用法和固定搭配，提高解題的準確性和速度。
28．【答案】from
【知識點】固定搭配
【解析】【分析】句意：書籍通常由木材制成。根據" Books are usually made...wood. "可知，書籍通常由木材制成，且成品看不出原材料，應用固定短語be made from。 故填 from。
【點評】考查固定短語be made from。注意：固定短語的意義往往與語境和上下文密切相關。在解題時，要仔細閱讀句子的語境和上下文，理解句子的整體意思和語境要求，從而選擇最合適的固定短語填入空格。
29．【答案】whose
【知識點】whose引導的定語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：我認識那個小女孩，她的父親是位演員。句子要求合并為一個高級句子，此處可以使用定語從句來修飾名詞the little girl，作為定語從句的先行詞，在定語從句中做定語，即表示所屬關系，應用關系代詞whose引導定語從句。故填whose。
【點評】考查句型轉換以及定語從句。注意：定語從句的解題關鍵在于 "先辨先行詞，再析從句缺何成分"。具體分三步：定位先行詞：確定被修飾的名詞/代詞（如人、物、時間、地點等）。分析從句結構：判斷從句中缺少的成分（主語、賓語、定語或狀語）。匹配關系詞：根據先行詞性質和從句缺失成分，選擇正確的關系代詞（who/which/that等）或關系副詞（when/where/why）。
30．【答案】around
【知識點】介詞短語
【解析】【分析】句意：我校約有500名學生。句子要求使用高級單詞替換about，about，大約，介詞，其同義詞為around。故填around。
【點評】考查介詞around的識記運用。
【答案】31．A
32．C
33．A
34．D
35．C
【知識點】說明文；世界主要地區地理概況；細節理解；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了死亡谷的自然環境以及在此居住的生物。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和主旨大意題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
31．細節理解題。根據第二段"Death Valley isn't an easy place to live in. It gets little rain a year, so there isn't much water. In July, temperatures often climb to over 46℃.（死亡谷并非宜居之地。這里年降水量稀少，水源極度匱乏。七月氣溫常飆升至46℃以上。）"可知，死亡谷非常炎熱和干燥。故選A。
32．細節理解題。根據第三段"It also has 51 kinds of mammals 36 kinds of reptiles，6 kinds of fish, and more than 300 kinds of birds.（然而此地仍孕育著51種哺乳動物、36種爬行動物、6種魚類及300余種鳥類。）"可知，在死亡谷有超過393種動物。故選C。
33．細節理解題。根據第四段"Finding water is the biggest challenge for anything that lives in Death Valley.（對死亡谷的任何生物而言，覓水是生存的最大挑戰。）"可知，水資源短缺是生活在死亡谷的動物們面臨的最大挑戰。故選A。
34．細節理解題。根據第四段"Some animals get the water they need from the seeds of desert sunflowers.（部分動物通過食用沙漠向日葵種子獲取必需水分。）"可知，死亡谷的動物從一些植物身上獲取水資源。故選D。
35．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了死亡谷的自然環境以及在此居住的生物，由此可推斷本文的目的是向我們介紹有關死亡谷的一些事情。故選C。
36．【答案】which/ that
【知識點】which引導的定語從句；that引導的定語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：你還記得去年我們在山上種的那棵樹嗎？句子要求合并為一個高級句子，此處可以使用一個定語從句修飾名詞the hill，合并成為一個含有定語從句的主從復合句，定語從句的先行詞為the hill，指物，且在定語從句中作賓語，應用關系代詞which/that引導定語從句。故填which/that。
【點評】考查定語從句。注意：定語從句的解題關鍵在于 "先辨先行詞，再析從句缺何成分"。具體分三步：定位先行詞：確定被修飾的名詞/代詞（如人、物、時間、地點等）。分析從句結構：判斷從句中缺少的成分（主語、賓語、定語或狀語）。匹配關系詞：根據先行詞性質和從句缺失成分，選擇正確的關系代詞（who/which/that等）或關系副詞（when/where/why）。
37．【答案】D
【知識點】動詞不定式；不及物動詞
【解析】【分析】句意：抵達城市后，當務之急是尋得棲身之所。lives三單式；living，現在分詞或者動名詞； to live動詞不定式；to live in動詞不定式。空處為非謂語且在句中作后置定語修飾名詞room，應用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義，live是不及物動詞，不能直接修飾名詞 room，需要加介詞 in, 即live in a room。故選D。
【點評】考查非謂語動詞。注意：作定語的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或者代詞是不定式動作的地點，工具等，動詞不定式后須有相應的介詞。
38．【答案】that
【知識點】that引導的定語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：這是我迄今為止看過的最佳影片。句子要求合并為一個高級句子，可以使用一個定語從句修飾名詞film，將句子改為含有定語從句的主從復合句，先行詞為film，指物，且在定語從句中作賓語，且先行詞被形容詞的最高級（ the best ）修飾，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that。
【點評】考查定語從句。注意：在定語從句中，以下情況通常只用that，不用which。當先行詞是all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything等不定代詞時。當先行詞被the only, the very（正是、恰是）, the same, the last修飾時。當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。當先行詞既有人又有物時。例如：He talked about the people and the things that he saw in the city.當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。
39．【答案】B
【知識點】不定代詞a few / few / a little / little
【解析】【分析】句意：冰箱里幾乎沒牛奶了，我得馬上去買些。few幾個/一些，修飾可數名詞復數，表示否定意義；little幾乎沒有，修飾不可數名詞，表示否定意義；a few幾個/一些，修飾可數名詞復數，表示肯定意義；a little一點兒/少量，修飾不可數名詞，表示肯定意義。根據" I must go to buy some immediately. "可知，冰箱里幾乎沒有牛奶了，且milk為不可數名詞。故選B。
【點評】考查不定代詞辨析。注意： 可數few/a few，不可little/a little；帶a表肯定，無a否定記。要清楚每個選項中不定代詞的確切意義，在理解每個選項的意義和用法的基礎上，還需要結合句子的語境來做出選擇。當遇到不確定的選項時，可以嘗試使用排除法。增加詞匯量和熟悉常用短語是提高解題能力的關鍵。
40．【答案】that
【知識點】that引導的賓語從句
【解析】【分析】句意：我會竭盡所能幫助你。空處引導定語從句，先行詞為不定代詞anything，且在定語從句中做賓語，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句。故填that。
【點評】考查定語從句。
【答案】41．B；42．B；43．C；44．D；45．A；46．C；47．B；48．C；49．A；50．A
【知識點】人生百味類；故事閱讀類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者過去對生活沒有什么激情，但有一天作者看到的事情改變了作者的想法，作者明白了在生活中擁有激情是多么重要。
【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義，最后對選項進行對比分析，選出正確選項。完形填空旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文，把握大意。在開始答題之前，應先通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大致內容。這樣有助于理解作者的意圖，把握文章的整體思路，為后續的填空選擇提供正確的方向。二、仔細分析，逐一排查。對于每一個空，要仔細分析所給的選項，逐一排查，選出最符合文意的答案。通常情況下，完形填空中會有幾個空白需要填寫形容詞、副、名詞等，要注意所填的詞要與句子前后內容相符。三、結合上下文，理解語義。有時候僅從一個空所在的句子很難確定正確的答案，這時需要結合上下文，理解整體的語義環境。通過對前后的語境分析，確定一個合理的答案。四、注意語法結構。完形填空中涉及的語法知識較多，如時態、語態、詞性等。在選擇答案時，要仔細考慮語法結構是否正確。
41．句意：就在那時，我明白了在生活中擁有激情是多么重要。strange奇怪的；important重要的；difficult難的；humorous幽默的。根據"it is to have passion in life."并結合語境，可知，應說生活中激情有多么重要。故選B。
42．句意：當媽媽在等紅燈時，路邊有人引起了我的注意。walked走路；stopped停止；stood站立；shouted喊叫。根據"at a red light"可知，在紅燈處應該停下來。故選B。
43．句意：我對此不感興趣，因為我以前見過很多像他這樣的人。require要求；hurt傷害；interest使關注；punish懲罰。根據"because I had seen many like him before."可知，因為作者以前見過許多像他這樣的人，所以應說這個吸引不了作者。故選C。
44．句意：但這個人在某種程度上是不同的。famous著名的；bored無聊的；patient有耐心的；different不同的。根據"in some way"以及"He was not sitting down with a sad expression."可知，應說這個人在某種程度上是不同的。故選D。
45．句意：相反，他手里拿著一臺收音機，正隨著音樂歡快地跳舞。Instead相反；Anyway無論如何；But但；Finally最終。根據"He was not sitting down with a sad expression."以及"he had a radio in his hand and was dancing happily to the music."可知，作者看到的這個人和以前看到的不一樣，其他人都是有很悲傷表情，而他卻拿著一臺收音機，正隨著音樂歡快地跳舞，instead符合語境。故選A。
46．句意：他買了一些他不需要的東西。asked for要求；waited for等待；paid for支付；prepared for準備。根據"But why doesn't he use the money to buy food or clothes "可知，應說買了一些不需要的東西。故選C。
47．句意：那個人一定很在乎音樂，他買了一臺收音機而不是食物和衣服。talk說；care關心；learn學習；expect除了。根據"so much about music that he bought a radio instead of food or clothes."可知，應說因為那個人很在乎音樂，所以買了收音機，而不是食物和衣服。故選B。
48．句意：我很快意識到快樂是生活的關鍵。knowledge知識；health健康；happiness快樂；success成功。根據"so much about music that he bought a radio instead of food or clothes."以及"is the key to life."可知，應說快樂是生活的關鍵。故選C。
49．句意：從那時起，我一直在思考生活中真正重要的是什么。truly真正地；seriously認真地；completely完全地；simply僅僅。根據"Since then I have been always thinking of what is…important in life."并結合語境，指的是真正重要的是什么。故選A。
50．句意：我們常常忘記的是，我們都需要快樂，黑暗的日子里的一束光。dark黑暗的；warm溫暖的；hot熱的；relaxing放松的。根據"What we often forget is that we all need a joy, a light on a"可知，指的是黑暗的日子里的一束光。故選A。
【答案】51．On May 12th.
52．To thank her for her service for the country.
53．在她的努力下，死亡的士兵越來越少。
54．Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help.
55．I want to be a teacher.
【知識點】記敘文；對社會有突出貢獻的人物事跡
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了現代護理學的奠基人——護士南丁格爾。
【點評】考查任務型閱讀。任務型閱讀的解題策略如下。
1. 理解任務要求。在開始解題前，首先要仔細閱讀題目要求，明確任務的具體內容。這包括了解需要回答的問題類型（如填空題、選擇題、簡答題等）、涉及的信息范圍以及解題的具體要求。通過理解任務要求，能夠有針對性地開展閱讀，提高解題效率。
2. 快速瀏覽全文。在開始答題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大意和整體結構。這有助于形成對文章的初步印象，為后續的信息定位和理解打下基礎。在瀏覽過程中，可以注意文章的標題、段落首句以及關鍵詞，以快速獲取文章的主題和要點。
3. 定位關鍵信息。根據題目要求，有針對性地在文章中定位關鍵信息。這可以通過查找關鍵詞、短語或句子來實現。在定位信息時，要注意信息的準確性和完整性，確保所找到的內容與題目要求相符合。
4. 深入閱讀理解。在找到關鍵信息后，需要進一步深入理解相關信息。這包括對文章中的細節、上下文關系以及作者的意圖進行分析。通過深入理解，能夠更準確地把握文章的核心內容，為答題提供有力的支持。
51．根據"On May 12th, 1820, while enjoying a long vacation with her family in Florence, Italy, Mrs. Nightingale, an English mother gave birth to a girl"可知，南丁格爾出生于1820年5月12日，故她的生日是每年的5月12日。故填On May 12th.
52．根據"Queen Victoria even wrote to thank her for her service for the country"可知，維多利亞女王寫信感謝她為國家做出的貢獻。故填To thank her for her service for the country.
53．With her efforts"在她的努力下"；"fewer soldiers"更少的士兵；"were dying"死亡"。故填：在她的努力下，死亡的士兵減少了。
54．根據"The country sent some nurses including Nightingale to offer help in the war."可知，國家派遣了包括南丁格爾在內的一些護士在戰爭中提供幫助。與文中句子Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help."南丁格爾和一組護士被派去幫忙。"意思相近。故填Nightingale and a team of nurses were sent to help.
55．開放性試題，答案言之有理即可。例如，我長大后想當一名老師。故填I want to be a teacher.
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