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Unit 8 Safe and sound 提升測試卷
一、詞匯選擇題（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
1. The ________ earthquake caused widespread damage across the region.
A. minor B. disastrous C. slight D. temporary
2. Emergency responders used triage to ________ victims based on the severity of their injuries.
A. treatment B. classification C. evacuation D. rescue
3. The ________ warning system gave residents only minutes to evacuate the coastal area.
A. hurricane B. tidal wave C. drought D. famine
4. ________ from the storm obstructed roads, making rescue operations difficult. A. Rubbish B. Buildings C. Vehicles D. Trees
5. The ________ of the earthquake was located 20 kilometers offshore.
A. central area B. highest point C. starting point D. coastal area
6. Firefighters used ________ to locate people trapped in the smoldering ruins.
A. heat-sensitive cameras B. X-ray machines C. loudspeakers D. drones
7. The ________ following the main earthquake further damaged already weak buildings.
A. small earthquakes B. heavy rains C. strong winds D. floods
8. The monsoon season brings ________ rainfall, often leading to landslides.
A. dry B. continuous C. rare D. light
9. Rescue teams used ________ to access inaccessible areas after the mountain earthquake.
A. climbing down ropes B. driving vehicles
C. flying helicopters D. swimming
10. The ________ of buildings can mitigate earthquake damage.
A. demolition B. strengthening C. decoration D. painting
二、語法選擇題（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
11.Had the warning system ______ earlier, fewer people would have been injured.
A. activate B. activated C. been activated D. been activating
12.The rescue team, ______ mission was to find survivors, worked through the night.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
13.It is essential that all buildings ______ to withstand earthquakes.
A. design B. designed C. be designed D. are designed
14.______ by the storm, the city suffered severe power outages.
A. Hit B. Hitting C. To hit D. Having hit
15.The conference on disaster relief, ______ last month, highlighted new rescue technologies.
A. holding B. held C. to hold D. having held
16.Not until the floodwaters ______ did rescue teams access the area.
A. recede B. receded C. have receded D. had receded
17.The earthquake ______ the city last year was the strongest in a decade.
A. that struck B. which strike C. struck D. striking
18.If the dam ______, the downstream areas would be flooded.
A. bursts B. burst C. had burst D. would burst
19.______ in the emergency shelter, families received food and medical care.
A. Staying B. Stay C. To stay D. Stayed
20.So severe ______ the hurricane that the city declared a state of emergency.
A. was B. were C. had been D. have been
三、詞匯填空題（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
21.The i______ of the earthquake was felt hundreds of kilometers away.
22.Emergency plans should include procedures for e______ in case of fire.
23.The rescue team used a j______ to lift heavy concrete blocks.
24.After the flood, volunteers helped with c______ and distribution of clean water.
25.The h______ destroyed crops and caused widespread food shortages.
26.Scientists study seismic waves to p______ earthquakes.
27.The ______（海嘯）wiped out entire villages along the coast.
28.First aid training teaches how to treat ______（傷口）and stop bleeding.
29.The ______（余震）continued for days after the main earthquake.
30.Building ______（ codes）specify standards for earthquake resistance.
四、語法段落填空（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
When the 7.2-magnitude earthquake (31)______ (strike) at 4:17 a.m., most people (32)______ (sleep). The shaking (33)______ (last) for nearly a minute, causing buildings (34)______ (collapse). Rescue teams (35)______ (dispatch) immediately, but access to the area (36)______ (hamper) by fallen bridges.
By mid-morning, over 200 aftershocks (37)______ (record), further damaging infrastructure. If the earthquake (38)______ (occur) during the day, casualties (39)______ (be) higher. Experts (40)______ (urge) residents to stay away from damaged buildings.
五、閱讀理解（每小題 2 分，共 20分）
A
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami
The 2011 Tohoku earthquake, with a magnitude of 9.0, struck off the coast of Japan on March 11. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Japan and the fourth largest in the world since 1900. The earthquake triggered a massive tsunami with waves reaching up to 40 meters in height.
The tsunami caused widespread destruction, flooding coastal areas and destroying infrastructure. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was severely damaged, leading to a nuclear meltdown. This was the most serious nuclear accident since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.
Over 18,000 people lost their lives, and more than 2,500 remain missing. The economic loss is estimated at over $360 billion, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in history. The disaster highlighted the importance of earthquake preparedness and the risks of nuclear energy in seismically active areas.
Recovery efforts continue today, with many communities still rebuilding. Scientists have since improved tsunami warning systems, but the memory of the disaster serves as a reminder of nature's power.
What was the magnitude of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
A. 7.0 B. 8.0 C. 9.0 D. 10.0
42.What caused the nuclear meltdown
A. The earthquake directly. B. The tsunami. C. A fire. D. Human error.
43.How many people died in the disaster
A. Over 18,000. B. Over 2,500.
C. Over 360,000. D. Over 9,000.
44.What is the economic loss estimate
A. 360 million. B. 360 billion. C. 36 billion. D. 3.6 billion.
45.What did the disaster highlight
A. The need for better nuclear power plants.
B. The importance of earthquake preparedness.
C. The safety of coastal living.
D. The power of tsunamis.
B
Earthquake Early Warning Systems
Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to provide advance notice of an impending earthquake. These systems detect the initial, less destructive P-waves of an earthquake and send alerts before the more damaging S-waves arrive.
In Japan, the Yurekuru Call system can provide up to 60 seconds of warning. This may not seem like much, but it allows people to take protective actions: stop driving, seek shelter, or shut down industrial equipment.
EEW systems work by measuring ground motion with seismometers. When an earthquake is detected, the system calculates its location and magnitude, then sends alerts via text, TV, or loudspeakers. However, the system has limitations—it cannot predict earthquakes, only detect them as they happen.
In 2019, Mexico's EEW system gave Mexico City 75 seconds of warning before a 7.1-magnitude earthquake. This allowed schools to evacuate and hospitals to prepare. While not a perfect solution, EEW systems save lives and reduce damage in seismically active regions.
46.What do EEW systems detect first
Destructive S-waves. B. Less destructive P-waves.
C. Tsunamis. D. Aftershocks.
47.How does Japan's Yurekuru Call system work
A. It predicts earthquakes.
B. It sends alerts before S-waves arrive.
C. It stops earthquakes.
D. It repairs damaged buildings.
48.What is a limitation of EEW systems
A. They are too expensive.
B. They can't predict earthquakes.
C. They only work in Japan.
D. They cause panic.
49.How much warning did Mexico City get in 2019
A. 30 seconds. B. 60 seconds. C. 75 seconds. D. 90 seconds.
50.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Earthquake prediction methods.
B. The 2019 Mexico earthquake.
C. How EEW systems work and their benefits.
D. The history of seismology.
六、完形填空（每小題 1 分，共 15 分）
Natural disasters test the resilience of communities. When a powerful earthquake (51)______ a city, the first hours are critical for rescue. Emergency responders (52)______ to assess damage, search for survivors, and provide medical aid.
In the (53)______ of a disaster, communication is key. Rescue teams use radios and drones to (54)______ hard-to-reach areas. They (55)______ triage protocols to treat the most critical injuries first.
After the initial rescue, the focus (56)______ to recovery. Volunteers (57)______ shelters, distribute food, and help clean up debris. Engineers (58)______ buildings to see if they are safe to enter. This process can take months or years, depending on the (59)______ of the disaster.
Preparedness (60)______ a vital role in reducing munities should (61)______ emergency plans, conduct drills, and maintain supplies. Schools and workplaces should have evacuation routes (62)______.
While natural disasters are (63) , proper planning can save lives. The (64) from past disasters teach us to be better prepared for the future. By working together, communities can (65)______ even the most severe challenges.
51.A. hits B. misses C. sees D. hears
52.A. hesitate B. rush C. refuse D. fear
53.A. beginning B. middle C. aftermath D. end
54.A. avoid B. reach C. leave D. destroy
55.A. ignore B. develop C. follow D. change
56.A. shifts B. returns C. reduces D. increases
57.A. build B. destroy C. abandon D. burn
58.A. buy B. sell C. inspect D. demolish
59.A. location B. severity C. time D. type
60.A. plays B. makes C. takes D. does
61.A. ignore B. develop C. forget D. dislike
62.A. unknown B. unclear C. marked D. hidden
63.A. avoidable B. unpredictable C. preventable D. controllable
64.A. mistakes B. lessons C. profits D. losses
65.A. face B. avoid C. create D. deny
七、書面表達(dá)（20 分）
The Importance of Emergency Preparedness
寫一篇文章，討論為什么應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備是至關(guān)重要的。包括:
1.沒有準(zhǔn)備的自然災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
2.個(gè)人和社區(qū)可以采取的準(zhǔn)備步驟。
3.準(zhǔn)備如何拯救生命的例子。
至少寫80個(gè)單詞。/ 讓教學(xué)更有效 高效備考 | 英語學(xué)科
Unit 8 Safe and sound 提升測試卷答案解析
一、詞匯選擇題
答案：B
解析：“widespread damage”（廣泛的破壞）表明地震的危害極大，“disastrous” 意為 “災(zāi)難性的”，與語境相符。“minor” 表示 “較小的”；“slight” 意為 “輕微的”；“temporary” 表示 “暫時(shí)的”，均不符合造成廣泛破壞的語義，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“triage” 的意思是 “傷員驗(yàn)傷分類”，即根據(jù)傷員傷勢的嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行 “classification”（分類），以確定救治的優(yōu)先級(jí)。“treatment” 是 “治療”；“evacuation” 為 “疏散”；“rescue” 表示 “救援”，均不符合 “triage” 的含義，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“tidal wave” 等同于 “tsunami”，意思是 “海嘯”，海嘯發(fā)生時(shí)會(huì)迅速威脅沿海地區(qū)，需要居民緊急疏散，符合 “warning system”（預(yù)警系統(tǒng)）和 “evacuate the coastal area”（疏散沿海地區(qū)）的語境。“hurricane” 是 “颶風(fēng)”；“drought” 表示 “干旱”；“famine” 意為 “饑荒”，都不會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)要求沿海居民緊急疏散，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：“debris” 指 “殘骸；碎片；垃圾”，與 “Rubbish”（垃圾）意思相近，風(fēng)暴產(chǎn)生的垃圾會(huì)阻礙道路，影響救援行動(dòng)。“Buildings”（建筑物）、“Vehicles”（車輛）和 “Trees”（樹木）通常不會(huì)直接被稱為 “debris”，且從邏輯上來說，垃圾更符合阻礙道路的常見情況，所以選 A。
答案：C
解析：“epicenter” 意為 “震中”，也就是地震的 “starting point”（起始點(diǎn)；發(fā)源地），地震從震中向四周擴(kuò)散。“central area” 表示 “中心區(qū)域”，范圍較寬泛；“highest point” 是 “最高點(diǎn)”；“coastal area” 為 “沿海地區(qū)”，均不符合 “震中” 的定義，所以選 C。
答案：A
解析：“thermal imaging” 指 “熱成像”，“heat-sensitive cameras”（熱感攝像機(jī)）利用熱成像原理，能夠在廢墟中檢測到人體發(fā)出的熱量，從而定位被困人員。“X-ray machines”（X 光機(jī)）主要用于醫(yī)學(xué)檢查骨骼等內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)；“l(fā)oudspeakers”（擴(kuò)音器）用于傳遞聲音；“drones”（無人機(jī)）雖可用于搜索，但此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是利用熱成像技術(shù)，所以選 A。
答案：A
解析：“aftershocks” 表示 “余震”，即主震之后發(fā)生的 “small earthquakes”（小地震），余震會(huì)對(duì)已經(jīng)受損的建筑物造成進(jìn)一步破壞。“heavy rains”（大雨）、“strong winds”（強(qiáng)風(fēng)）和 “floods”（洪水）與主震后的余震概念不同，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：“monsoon season”（季風(fēng)季節(jié)）通常會(huì)帶來大量持續(xù)的降雨，“continuous” 表示 “連續(xù)的；持續(xù)的”，符合季風(fēng)季節(jié)降雨特點(diǎn)，過多的持續(xù)降雨易引發(fā)山體滑坡。“dry”（干燥的）、“rare”（稀少的）和 “l(fā)ight”（輕微的）都不符合季風(fēng)季節(jié)降雨導(dǎo)致山體滑坡的情況，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：“rappelling” 意為 “繩索下降；繞繩下降”，即 “climbing down ropes”（沿繩索攀爬而下），在山區(qū)地震后，一些區(qū)域車輛和直升機(jī)難以到達(dá)，救援人員可通過繩索下降進(jìn)入難以抵達(dá)的區(qū)域。“driving vehicles”（駕駛車輛）在道路受損或地形復(fù)雜處無法通行；“flying helicopters”（駕駛直升機(jī)）受地形、天氣等因素限制，有些區(qū)域無法降落；“swimming”（游泳）不符合山區(qū)地震救援場景，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：“mitigate” 表示 “減輕；緩和”，對(duì)建筑物進(jìn)行 “strengthening”（加固）可以增強(qiáng)其抗震能力，減輕地震造成的損害。“demolition” 是 “拆除”；“decoration” 為 “裝飾”；“painting” 表示 “繪畫；粉刷”，這三項(xiàng)都無法達(dá)到減輕地震損害的目的，所以選 B。
二、語法選擇題
答案：C
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。原句為 “If the warning system had been activated earlier”，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，省略 “if” 后，要將助動(dòng)詞 “had” 提前，且 “the warning system” 與 “activate” 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) “had been activated”，選 C。
答案：B
解析：本題考查定語從句。先行詞是 “the rescue team”，在從句 “______ mission was to find survivors” 中，“mission” 與 “the rescue team” 是所屬關(guān)系，即 “救援隊(duì)的任務(wù)”，所以用關(guān)系代詞 “whose” 引導(dǎo)定語從句，選 B。
答案：C
解析：在 “It is essential that...” 句型中，從句要用虛擬語氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為 “should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，“should” 可以省略。“all buildings” 與 “design” 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即 “建筑物被設(shè)計(jì)”，所以用 “(should) be designed”，選 C。
答案：A
解析：“the city” 與 “hit” 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即 “城市被風(fēng)暴襲擊”，所以用過去分詞 “Hit” 作狀語，表示原因或條件，相當(dāng)于 “Because the city was hit by the storm”，選 A。
答案：B
解析：“the conference” 與 “hold” 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即 “會(huì)議被舉行”，且 “l(fā)ast month” 表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以用過去分詞 “held” 作后置定語，修飾 “the conference”，相當(dāng)于 “the conference which was held last month”，選 B。
答案：B
解析：“Not until” 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句是一般過去時(shí) “did rescue teams access the area”，從句也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，“recede” 的過去式是 “receded”，表示 “洪水退去”，選 B。
答案：A
解析：本題考查定語從句。先行詞是 “the earthquake”，在從句 “______ the city last year” 中作主語，且從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，所以可用關(guān)系代詞 “that” 或 “which” 引導(dǎo)定語從句，且從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式 “struck”，選 A。
答案：B
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù) “the downstream areas would be flooded” 可知，這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬，從句用一般過去時(shí)，“burst” 的過去式還是 “burst”，選 B。
答案：A
解析：“families” 與 “stay” 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 “stay” 的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作 “received food and medical care” 同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞 “Staying” 作伴隨狀語，選 A。
答案：A
解析：“So + 形容詞 / 副詞” 位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝，將 be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。本句主語是 “the hurricane”，為單數(shù)，根據(jù) “declared” 可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，所以用 “was”，選 A。
三、詞匯填空題
答案：impact
解析：根據(jù) “hundreds of kilometers away” 可知，此處表示地震的 “影響” 在數(shù)百公里外都能感覺到，“impact” 意為 “影響”，符合語境。
答案：evacuation
解析：“in case of fire”（萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)），應(yīng)急計(jì)劃應(yīng)包括 “疏散” 程序，“evacuation” 表示 “疏散”，且 “for” 后接名詞，所以填 “evacuation”。
答案：jack
解析：根據(jù) “l(fā)ift heavy concrete blocks”（抬起沉重的混凝土塊）可知，救援隊(duì)伍使用的是 “千斤頂”，“jack” 有 “千斤頂” 的意思，符合語境。
答案：collection
解析：洪水過后，志愿者幫忙 “收集” 和分發(fā)干凈的水，“collection” 表示 “收集”，與 “distribution”（分發(fā)）并列，且 “with” 后接名詞，所以填 “collection”。
答案：hailstorm
解析：根據(jù) “destroyed crops and caused widespread food shortages”（毀壞莊稼并導(dǎo)致大面積糧食短缺）以及首字母 “h” 可知，此處指 “冰雹”，“hailstorm” 意為 “冰雹”，符合語境。
答案：predict
解析：科學(xué)家研究地震波是為了 “預(yù)測” 地震，“predict” 表示 “預(yù)測”，“to” 后接動(dòng)詞原形，所以填 “predict”。
答案：tsunami
解析：“海嘯” 的英文是 “tsunami”，在此處作主語。
答案：wounds
解析：“傷口” 的英文是 “wound”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式 “wounds”，表示多種傷口。
答案：aftershocks
解析：“余震” 的英文是 “aftershock”，是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù) “continued for days” 可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式 “aftershocks”。
答案：codes
解析：“building codes” 表示 “建筑規(guī)范”，“codes” 意為 “規(guī)范；準(zhǔn)則”，符合語境。
四、語法段落填空
答案：struck
解析：根據(jù) “at 4:17 a.m.” 可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，“strike” 的過去式是 “struck”，表示地震發(fā)生。
答案：were sleeping
解析：當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，大多數(shù)人 “正在睡覺”，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語 “most people” 是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 “were sleeping”。
答案：lasted
解析：描述過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，“the shaking”（震動(dòng)）持續(xù)了近一分鐘，用一般過去時(shí)，“l(fā)ast” 的過去式是 “l(fā)asted”。
答案：to collapse
解析：“cause sth. to do sth.” 是固定用法，意為 “導(dǎo)致某物做某事”，所以用 “to collapse”，表示導(dǎo)致建筑物倒塌。
答案：were dispatched
解析：“Rescue teams” 與 “dispatch”（派遣）是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且事情發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語 “Rescue teams” 是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 “were dispatched”。
答案：was hampered
解析：“access to the area”（進(jìn)入該地區(qū)）與 “hamper”（阻礙）是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語 “access to the area” 是單數(shù)，所以用 “was hampered”。
答案：had been recorded
解析：“By mid-morning”（到上午中旬）表示截止到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，“over 200 aftershocks” 與 “record” 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即 “had been recorded”，表示在上午中旬之前，已經(jīng)記錄到了 200 多次余震。
答案：had occurred
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù) “casualties (39)______ (be) higher” 可知，這是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，從句用過去完成時(shí)，“occur” 的過去完成時(shí)形式是 “had occurred”。
答案：would have been
解析：這是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，主句用 “would have + 過去分詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填 “would have been”，表示如果地震發(fā)生在白天，傷亡人數(shù)會(huì)更高。
答案：urged
解析：描述過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，專家 “敦促” 居民遠(yuǎn)離受損建筑，用一般過去時(shí)，“urge” 的過去式是 “urged”。
五、閱讀理解
A 篇
答案：C
解析：根據(jù)文中 “The 2011 Tohoku earthquake, with a magnitude of 9.0, struck off the coast of Japan on March 11.” 可知，2011 年東北地震的震級(jí)是 9.0，選 C。
答案：B
解析：從文中 “The tsunami caused widespread destruction... The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was severely damaged, leading to a nuclear meltdown.” 可知，是海嘯導(dǎo)致福島第一核電站嚴(yán)重受損，進(jìn)而引發(fā)核泄漏，選 B。
答案：A
解析：依據(jù) “Over 18,000 people lost their lives, and more than 2,500 remain missing.” 可知，在這場災(zāi)難中超過 18000 人喪生，選 A。
答案：B
解析：根據(jù) “The economic loss is estimated at over $360 billion, making it one of the costliest natural disasters in history.” 可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失估計(jì)超過 3600 億美元，選 B。
答案：B
解析：由 “The disaster highlighted the importance of earthquake preparedness and the risks of nuclear energy in seismically active areas.” 可知，這場災(zāi)難凸顯了地震防范的重要性，選 B。
B 篇
答案：B
解析：根據(jù) “These systems detect the initial, less destructive P-waves of an earthquake and send alerts before the more damaging S-waves arrive.” 可知，地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)首先檢測到的是破壞性較小的 P 波，選 B。
答案：B
解析：從 “In Japan, the Yurekuru Call system can provide up to 60 seconds of warning... but it allows people to take protective actions” 可知，日本的 Yurekuru Call 系統(tǒng)在更具破壞性的 S 波到達(dá)之前發(fā)出警報(bào)，讓人們有時(shí)間采取保護(hù)措施，選 B。
答案：B
解析：依據(jù) “However, the system has limitations—it cannot predict earthquakes, only detect them as they happen.” 可知，地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的局限性是它不能預(yù)測地震，只能在地震發(fā)生時(shí)檢測到，選 B。
答案：C
解析：根據(jù) “In 2019, Mexico's EEW system gave Mexico City 75 seconds of warning before a 7.1-magnitude earthquake.” 可知，2019 年墨西哥城在 7.1 級(jí)地震前獲得了 75 秒的預(yù)警時(shí)間，選 C。
答案：C
解析：文章主要介紹了地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的工作原理（如檢測 P 波、計(jì)算位置和震級(jí)并發(fā)送警報(bào)）以及其在日本、墨西哥等地發(fā)揮的作用（提供預(yù)警時(shí)間，讓人們采取措施，減少損失），所以文章主旨是地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)如何工作及其益處，選 C。
六、完形填空答案解析
答案：A
解析：“hits” 意為 “襲擊”，符合 “強(qiáng)烈地震襲擊城市” 的語境。“misses”（錯(cuò)過）、“sees”（看見）、“hears”（聽見）均無法體現(xiàn)地震對(duì)城市的沖擊，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：地震發(fā)生后，應(yīng)急救援人員需要 “rush”（迅速行動(dòng)）去評(píng)估損失等，體現(xiàn)救援的緊迫性。“hesitate”（猶豫）、“refuse”（拒絕）、“fear”（害怕）與救援人員的職責(zé)不符，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：“in the aftermath of” 是固定短語，意為 “在…… 之后”，指災(zāi)難發(fā)生后的階段，此時(shí)通信很關(guān)鍵。“beginning”（開始）、“middle”（中間）、“end”（結(jié)束）均不符合語境，所以選 C。
答案：B
解析：救援隊(duì)伍用無線電和無人機(jī)是為了 “reach”（到達(dá)）難以抵達(dá)的區(qū)域開展救援。“avoid”（避免）、“l(fā)eave”（離開）、“destroy”（破壞）與救援目的相悖，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：“follow triage protocols” 表示 “遵循傷員驗(yàn)傷分類協(xié)議”，是救援的規(guī)范流程。“ignore”（忽視）、“develop”（發(fā)展）、“change”（改變）不符合救援邏輯，所以選 C。
答案：A
解析：“shifts” 意為 “轉(zhuǎn)移”，在初步救援后，重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到恢復(fù)工作，符合階段變化。“returns”（返回）、“reduces”（減少）、“increases”（增加）均不符合語境，所以選 A。
答案：A
解析：志愿者會(huì) “build”（建造）避難所，這是災(zāi)難后常見的援助行為。“destroy”（破壞）、“abandon”（拋棄）、“burn”（燒毀）與志愿者的行為相悖，所以選 A。
答案：C
解析：工程師 “inspect”（檢查）建筑物以確定是否安全，這是恢復(fù)階段的必要工作。“buy”（買）、“sell”（賣）、“demolish”（拆除）均不符合工程師的職責(zé)，所以選 C。
答案：B
解析：恢復(fù)過程的時(shí)長取決于災(zāi)難的 “severity”（嚴(yán)重程度），災(zāi)難越嚴(yán)重，恢復(fù)時(shí)間越長。“l(fā)ocation”（位置）、“time”（時(shí)間）、“type”（類型）不是主要決定因素，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：“plays a vital role” 是固定短語，意為 “發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用”，應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備在減少傷亡方面作用重大，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：社區(qū)應(yīng) “develop”（制定）應(yīng)急計(jì)劃，這是應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備的重要內(nèi)容。“ignore”（忽視）、“forget”（忘記）、“dislike”（不喜歡）均不符合應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備的要求，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：學(xué)校和工作場所的疏散路線應(yīng)被 “marked”（標(biāo)記）出來，方便人們識(shí)別。“unknown”（未知的）、“unclear”（不清楚的）、“hidden”（隱藏的）不利于疏散，所以選 C。
答案：B
解析：自然災(zāi)害是 “unpredictable”（不可預(yù)測的），這是其特性之一。“avoidable”（可避免的）、“preventable”（可預(yù)防的）、“controllable”（可控制的）不符合實(shí)際，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：過去災(zāi)難的 “l(fā)essons”（教訓(xùn)）能幫助我們更好地準(zhǔn)備，符合從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)的邏輯。“mistakes”（錯(cuò)誤）、“profits”（利潤）、“l(fā)osses”（損失）均不符合語境，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：通過共同努力，社區(qū)能夠 “face”（面對(duì)）即使是最嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，體現(xiàn)應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)難的決心。“avoid”（避免）、“create”（創(chuàng)造）、“deny”（否認(rèn)）均不符合文意，所以選 A。
七、書面表達(dá)參考范文
The Importance of Emergency Preparedness
Natural disasters can strike suddenly, and without emergency preparedness, the risks are high. When people are not ready, they may panic during disasters, leading to more injuries or even deaths. For example, in a sudden earthquake, those without a plan might not know where to hide, increasing danger.
There are steps individuals and communities can take. People should prepare emergency kits with water, food and first-aid munities can develop evacuation plans and hold drills regularly. Schools can teach students how to protect themselves.
Emergency preparedness saves lives. In a typhoon, families with prepared kits and known evacuation routes can move to safe places quickly, avoiding being trapped. Thus, being prepared is crucial to deal with natural disasters.

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