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/ 讓教學更有效 高效備考 | 英語學科
期末綜合提升測試卷
（考查 Unit 6-Seasons, Unit 7-Natural World, Unit 8-Natural Disasters）
一、詞匯選擇題（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
1.The ________ wildfire destroyed thousands of acres of forest.
A. minor B. destructive C. controlled D. small
2.________ conditions can exacerbate water shortages in arid regions.
A. Flood
B. Drying
C. Rain
D. Snow
3.The ________ of plants is being altered by unpredictable seasonal shifts.
A. Study of climate
B. Study of seasonal cycles
C. Study of rocks
D. Study of oceans
4.Coral ________ occurs when oceans overheat, causing reefs to lose color.
A. Color loss
B. Growth
C. Expansion
D. Protection
5.The ________ of human activities contributes to global warming.
A. Footprint on the ground
B. Environmental impact
C. Shoe size
D. Walking path
6.________ are violent storms that can level entire neighborhoods.
A. Hurricane-like winds
B. Heavy rains
C. Snowstorms
D. Droughts
7.Ecosystem _______ refers to the ability of ecosystems to recover from disasters.
A. Resistance
B. Fragility
C. Recovery ability
D. Destruction
8.The ________ of climate change threatens endemic species in rainforests.
A. Attack
B. Protection
C. Help
D. Study
9.________ practices aim to preserve natural resources for future generations.
A. Harmful methods
B. Eco-friendly measures
C. Traditional ways
D. Modern technologies
10.________ help scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
A. Sound waves
B. Light waves
C. Earth vibration waves
D. Water waves
二、語法選擇題（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
11.Had the forest fire ______ earlier, fewer species would have been endangered.
A. been controlled B. controlled C. control D. controlling
12.The research team, ______ findings focus on coral reefs, discovered a new species.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
13.It is imperative that we ______ measures to reduce carbon emissions.
A. take B. took C. will take D. had taken
14.______ by drought, the region experienced severe crop failures.
A. Affected B. Affecting C. To affect D. Having affected
15.The conference on biodiversity, ______ next month, will address climate change.
A. holding B. held C. to be held D. having held
16.Not until the earthquake ______ did rescue teams access the damaged area.
A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. had stopped
17.If the polar ice caps ______, sea levels would rise dramatically.
A. melt B. melted C. had melted D. would melt
18.The students ______ an experiment when the tornado warning sounded.
A. conduct B. conducted C. are conducting D. were conducting
19.______ in the emergency shelter, volunteers distributed food to survivors.
A. Working B. Work C. To work D. Worked
20.So severe ______ the floods that the government declared a crisis.
A. were B. was C. had been D. have been
三、詞匯填空題（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
21.The f______ of the earthquake was felt across five states.
22.Ecosystems have the ability to r______ after natural disasters.
23.The Great Barrier Reef is facing serious t______ from climate change.
24.In autumn, many birds begin their m______ to warmer regions.
25.The h______ caused by climate change led to crop failures.
26.Scientists use satellites to m______ weather patterns.
27.The ______（棲息地）of pandas is being protected in nature reserves.
28.First aid kits should include supplies to treat ______（燒傷）and cuts.
29.The ______（季風）season brings heavy rains to South Asia.
30.Building ______（標準）ensure structures can withstand earthquakes.
四、語法段落填空（每小題 1 分，共 10 分）
Last month, a powerful earthquake (31)______ (strike) the coastal city. Buildings (32)______ (shake) violently, and many (33)______ (collapse). Rescue operations (34)______ (launch) immediately, but aftershocks (35)______ (hamper) efforts.
Scientists (36)______ (study) the quake's impact on local ecosystems. They found that the disaster (37)______ (disrupt) the migration patterns of coastal birds. If similar earthquakes (38)______ (occur) frequently, the region's biodiversity (39)______ (be) at risk. Experts (40)______ (urge) stricter building codes to prevent future damage.
五、閱讀理解（每小題 2 分，共 40分）
A
The Impact of Seasonal Droughts
Droughts are prolonged periods of water scarcity, often linked to seasonal climate patterns. In Mediterranean regions, summer droughts have become more intense due to climate change, affecting both natural ecosystems and human activities.
Natural ecosystems respond to droughts by altering plant growth and animal behavior. Trees in drought-prone areas may reduce leaf size to conserve water, while animals like deer may migrate in search of water. These adaptations help species survive, but prolonged droughts can lead to ecosystem collapse.
Agriculture is severely impacted by droughts. Crops fail, leading to food shortages and economic losses. In California, the 2012-2016 drought cost the agriculture industry over $3 billion. Rural communities dependent on farming suffer most, as water restrictions force farmers to abandon fields.
Water management is crucial during droughts. Governments implement water rationing and promote drought-resistant crops. Individuals can conserve water by reducing usage at home. However, addressing climate change remains the key to preventing future drought crises.
What is a drought
A period of heavy rain. B. A long period of water scarcity.
C. A type of storm. D. A seasonal wind.
42.How do trees adapt to droughts
A. By growing larger leaves. B. By reducing leaf size.
C. By producing more fruit. D. By dying quickly.
43.What was the economic impact of California's drought
A. 3 million loss. B. 30 billion loss.
C. 3 billion loss. D. 300 million loss.
44.What is the key to preventing droughts
A. Water rationing. B. Drought-resistant crops.
C. Addressing climate change. D. Building dams.
45.What's the main idea of the passage
A. The causes of droughts.
B. The impact of droughts and solutions.
C. Animal migration during droughts.
D. Water management in cities.
B
The Role of Mangroves in Coastal Ecosystems
Mangroves are tropical trees that grow in saltwater coastal areas. They form unique ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to both nature and humans.
Mangrove forests act as natural barriers, protecting coasts from storms and erosion. Their dense roots absorb wave energy, reducing the impact of hurricanes and tsunamis. In 2004, mangroves in India and Sri Lanka saved thousands of lives by weakening the tsunami's force.
These ecosystems are also vital for biodiversity. Mangroves serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans, supporting local fisheries. The fish species that depend on mangroves provide food for millions of people.
However, mangroves are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Shrimp farms and urban development often replace mangrove forests. Pollution from agriculture and industry also harms these ecosystems. Protecting mangroves is essential for coastal resilience and food security.
Where do mangroves grow
In freshwater rivers. B. In saltwater coastal areas.
C. In deserts. D. In mountain regions.
47.How did mangroves help in 2004
A. They caused the tsunami. B. They saved lives by weakening the tsunami.
C. They increased storm damage. D. They destroyed fisheries.
48.Why are mangroves important for fisheries
A. They kill fish. B. They serve as nurseries for fish.
C. They pollute the water. D. They compete with fish.
49.What threatens mangroves
A. Shrimp farms and urban development. B. Clean water.
C. Natural storms. D. Biodiversity.
50.What's the author's attitude towards mangroves
A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Neutral. D. Uncaring.
C
Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impact
Volcanic eruptions are natural disasters that can have far-reaching effects. When a volcano erupts, it releases ash, lava, and gases that impact the environment and human life.
The immediate impact of an eruption includes destruction from lava flows and falling ash. In 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, destroying 230 square kilometers of forest. Ash can contaminate water supplies and damage crops, leading to food shortages.
Volcanic eruptions also affect climate. Large eruptions release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can cause global cooling. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora caused a "year without summer" in Europe, leading to crop failures and famine.
However, volcanoes also bring benefits. Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, making it ideal for agriculture. Iceland's volcanic landscape supports fertile farms despite its northern location. Understanding volcanic activity helps scientists predict eruptions and protect communities.
What do volcanoes release during an eruption
Water and oxygen. B. Ash, lava, and gases.
C. Snow and ice. D. Plants and animals.
52.What happened after Mount St. Helens erupted
A. Forests grew faster. B. 230 square kilometers of forest were destroyed.
C. Climate warmed. D. Crop yields increased.
53.How can volcanic eruptions affect climate
A. By causing global warming. B. By causing global cooling.
C. By increasing rainfall. D. By reducing earthquakes.
54.What is a benefit of volcanic soil
A. It is poor in nutrients. B. It is rich in nutrients.
C. It is dry and sandy. D. It is rocky and hard.
55.What's the main purpose of the passage
A. To describe volcanic eruptions and their effects.
B. To promote volcanic tourism.
C. To explain how to predict eruptions.
D. To discuss climate change causes.
D
The Arctic's Changing Seasons
The Arctic is experiencing rapid seasonal changes due to climate change. Winters are becoming shorter, and summers are getting warmer, disrupting the region's unique ecosystems.
Warmer summers lead to reduced sea ice, affecting polar bears that depend on ice for hunting. With less ice, polar bears have to swim longer distances, which can be fatal. Scientists have observed a 40% decline in some polar bear populations since the 1970s.
Shorter winters also impact migratory birds. Birds that traditionally arrived in the Arctic during summer now find their habitats altered. The timing of insect hatches, a key food source, no longer matches bird migration patterns, leading to food shortages.
The melting of permafrost is another concern. As frozen soil thaws, it releases carbon dioxide, worsening climate change. This creates a feedback loop that accelerates Arctic warming. Protecting the Arctic requires global action to reduce carbon emissions.
What is happening to Arctic winters
They are getting longer. B. They are getting shorter.
C. They are staying the same. D. They are becoming colder.
57.How does reduced sea ice affect polar bears
A. It makes hunting easier. B. It requires them to swim longer.
C. It provides more food. D. It has no effect.
58.Why are migratory birds affected
A. Insect hatches match migration.
B. Food sources are altered.
C. Winters are colder.
D. Summers are cooler.
59.What is a feedback loop in the Arctic
A. Thawing permafrost releases carbon, worsening warming.
B. Reduced sea ice helps polar bears.
C. Warmer summers increase ice formation.
D. Migratory birds bring more insects.
60.What is the solution to Arctic problems
A. Local actions. B. Reducing carbon emissions globally.
C. Increasing tourism. D. Ignoring the problem.
六、完形填空（共 15 小題，每小題 1 分）
The natural world is a delicate balance of seasons, ecosystems, and natural events. Humans must learn to live in (61)_____ with nature to ensure sustainability.
Seasons bring predictable changes, but climate change is (62)______ these patterns. Warmer springs have been linked to early plant blooming, which (63)______ affects animal migration. This (64)_____ can disrupt entire food chains.
Ecosystems provide essential services, from water purification to climate regulation. Wetlands (65)______ floodwaters, while forests absorb carbon dioxide. However, (66)______ and pollution are destroying these vital systems.
Natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes test human (67) . Preparedness is key to (68) munities that (69)______ emergency plans and conduct drills are better equipped to (70)______ disasters.
Technology plays a role in (71)______ nature. Early warning systems (72)______ tsunamis, while sustainable farming (73)______ soil health. Every individual can help by reducing waste and (74)______ energy.
By respecting nature's rhythms and protecting ecosystems, we can (75)______ a sustainable future for all species.
61.A. conflict B. harmony C. war D. opposition
62.A. preserving B. maintaining C. altering D. improving
63.A. in turn B. in return C. in fact D. in short
64.A. balance B. mismatch C. match D. harmony
65.A. waste B. store C. pollute D. drink
66.A. reforestation B. deforestation C. forestation D. plantation
67.A. resilience B. weakness C. fragility D. destruction
68.A. increase B. reduce C. create D. avoid
69.A. ignore B. develop C. forget D. dislike
70.A. cause B. withstand C. create D. increase
71.A. destroying B. harming C. protecting D. ignoring
72.A. predict B. stop C. cause D. ignore
73.A. damages B. improves C. worsens D. ignores
74.A. wasting B. conserving C. using D. producing
75.A. destroy B. harm C. create D. damage
七、書面表達（20 分）
The Impact of Climate Change on Seasonal Ecosystems
寫一篇文章，討論氣候變化如何影響季節性生態系統。
包括:1。氣候變化改變季節的具體例子（如早春）。
2.這些變化如何影響植物和動物。
3.可以做些什么來減輕影響。
至少寫80個單詞。/ 讓教學更有效 高效備考 | 英語學科
期末綜合提升測試卷答案解析
一、詞匯選擇題
答案：B
解析：“destroyed thousands of acres of forest”（摧毀了數千英畝的森林）表明野火具有很強的破壞性。“destructive” 意為 “破壞性的”，符合語境；“minor” 表示 “較小的”；“controlled” 意為 “受控的”；“small” 表示 “小的”，這三個選項都無法體現野火造成巨大破壞的特點，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“exacerbate water shortages in arid regions”（加劇干旱地區的水資源短缺），干旱地區缺水，“Drying”（干燥，干旱）的條件會使水資源短缺問題更嚴重。“Flood”（洪水）會帶來大量水；“Rain”（雨）和 “Snow”（雪）也都與水相關，不會加劇缺水，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“unpredictable seasonal shifts”（不可預測的季節變化）會改變植物的相關特性，“The Study of seasonal cycles”（對季節周期的研究），植物的生長等與季節周期緊密相連，季節變化會影響植物在季節周期中的表現，所以選 B。“Study of climate”（氣候研究）范圍太寬泛；“Study of rocks”（巖石研究）、“Study of oceans”（海洋研究）與植物受季節變化影響無關，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：“oceans overheat, causing reefs to lose color”（海洋過熱，導致珊瑚礁失去顏色），這就是 “Coral Color loss”（珊瑚顏色喪失，即珊瑚白化）現象。“Growth”（生長）、“Expansion”（擴張）、“Protection”（保護）都不符合珊瑚礁失去顏色這一描述，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：“contributes to global warming”（導致全球變暖），“The Environmental impact”（環境影響），人類活動對環境產生影響，進而導致全球變暖，“carbon footprint” 在這里表示人類活動的環境影響 。“Footprint on the ground”（地上的腳印）、“Shoe size”（鞋碼）、“Walking path”（步行路徑）都與導致全球變暖的概念無關，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：“violent storms that can level entire neighborhoods”（能夠夷平整個社區的猛烈風暴），“Hurricane - like winds”（類似颶風的風）符合這種強烈風暴的特征。“Heavy rains”（大雨）、“Snowstorms”（暴風雪）、“Droughts”（干旱）通常不會直接將整個社區夷平，所以選 A。
答案：C
解析：“the ability of ecosystems to recover from disasters”（生態系統從災難中恢復的能力），這就是 “Ecosystem Recovery ability”（生態系統恢復能力）的定義。“Resistance”（抵抗力）強調對抗；“Fragility”（脆弱性）與恢復能力相反；“Destruction”（破壞）也不符合恢復能力的含義，所以選 C。
答案：A
解析：“threatens endemic species in rainforests”（威脅熱帶雨林中的特有物種），“The Attack”（攻擊），氣候變化對熱帶雨林中的物種是一種負面的沖擊，就像攻擊一樣。“Protection”（保護）、“Help”（幫助）與威脅物種不符；“Study”（研究）也不能體現對物種的威脅，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：“aim to preserve natural resources for future generations”（旨在為子孫后代保護自然資源），“Eco - friendly measures”（生態友好型措施）符合可持續發展的理念，能夠達到保護自然資源的目的。“Harmful methods”（有害方法）會破壞資源；“Traditional ways”（傳統方式）不一定注重資源保護；“Modern technologies”（現代技術）范圍太廣，不一定與保護資源相關，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：“locate the epicenter of an earthquake”（定位地震的震中），“Earth vibration waves”（地球振動波，即地震波），科學家通過研究地震波來確定震中位置。“Sound waves”（聲波）、“Light waves”（光波）、“Water waves”（水波）都與定位地震震中無關，所以選 C。
二、語法選擇題
答案：A
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣的倒裝結構。原句為 “If the forest fire had been controlled earlier”，表示與過去事實相反的假設，省略 “if” 后，要將助動詞 “had” 提前，且 “the forest fire” 與 “control” 是被動關系，所以用過去完成時的被動語態 “had been controlled”，選 A。
答案：B
解析：本題考查定語從句。先行詞是 “the research team”，在從句 “______ findings focus on coral reefs” 中，“findings” 與 “the research team” 是所屬關系，即 “研究團隊的發現”，所以用關系代詞 “whose” 引導定語從句，選 B。
答案：A
解析：在 “It is imperative that...” 句型中，從句要用虛擬語氣，其結構為 “should + 動詞原形”，“should” 可以省略。所以此處用 “take”，選 A。
答案：A
解析：“the region” 與 “affect” 是被動關系，即 “該地區受到干旱影響”，所以用過去分詞 “ Affected” 作狀語，表示原因，相當于 “Because the region was affected by drought”，選 A。
答案：C
解析：“The conference on biodiversity” 與 “hold” 是被動關系，且 “next month” 表明會議還未舉行，所以用動詞不定式的被動形式 “to be held” 作后置定語，表示 “下個月將要舉行的生物多樣性會議”，選 C。
答案：B
解析：“Not until” 引導的時間狀語從句，主句是一般過去時 “did rescue teams access the damaged area”，從句也應用一般過去時，“stop” 的過去式是 “stopped”，表示 “直到地震停止，救援隊伍才進入受損區域”，選 B。
答案：B
解析：本題考查虛擬語氣。根據 “sea levels would rise dramatically” 可知，這是對現在或將來情況的虛擬，從句用一般過去時，“melt” 的過去式是 “melted”，選 B。
答案：D
解析：“when the tornado warning sounded”（龍卷風警報響起時）是過去的時間點，主句動作 “進行實驗” 在當時正在進行，所以用過去進行時 “were conducting”，選 D。
答案：A
解析：“volunteers” 與 “work” 是主動關系，且 “work” 的動作與 “distributed food to survivors” 同時發生，所以用現在分詞 “Working” 作伴隨狀語，選 A。
答案：A
解析：“So severe” 置于句首，句子要部分倒裝，將 be 動詞、助動詞或情態動詞提前。本句主語 “the floods” 是復數，根據 “the government declared a crisis” 可知時態為一般過去時，所以用 “were”，選 A。
三、詞匯填空題
答案：force
解析：“The force of the earthquake” 表示 “地震的力量”，結合首字母 “f” 以及 “was felt across five states”（在五個州都能感覺到），可知此處應填 “force” 。
答案：recover
解析：“have the ability to do sth.” 表示 “有做某事的能力”，“after natural disasters”（在自然災害之后），生態系統有 “恢復” 的能力，結合首字母 “r”，應填 “recover”。
答案：threats
解析：“is facing serious...” 表示 “正面臨嚴重的……”，“from climate change”（來自氣候變化），結合常識，大堡礁正面臨氣候變化帶來的嚴重 “威脅”，“threat” 是可數名詞，此處用復數形式 “threats”。
答案：migration
解析：“In autumn”（在秋天），很多鳥類開始向溫暖地區 “遷徙”，“begin their migration” 表示 “開始它們的遷徙”，結合首字母 “m”，應填 “migration”。
答案：heat
解析：“caused by climate change”（由氣候變化引起的），“led to crop failures”（導致農作物歉收），結合首字母 “h”，可知是氣候變化引起的 “高溫” 導致這種情況，所以填 “heat”。
答案：monitor
解析：“use satellites to...” 表示 “用衛星去……”，“weather patterns”（天氣模式），結合首字母 “m”，科學家用衛星 “監測” 天氣模式，所以填 “monitor”。
答案：habitats
解析：“棲息地” 的英文是 “habitat”，“pandas” 是復數，所以 “棲息地” 也用復數形式 “habitats”。
答案：burns
解析：“燒傷” 的英文是 “burn”，是可數名詞，與 “cuts”（傷口）并列，所以用復數形式 “burns” 。
答案：monsoon
解析：“季風” 的英文是 “monsoon”，“the monsoon season” 表示 “季風季節”。
答案：standards
解析：“Building...” 表示 “建筑……”，“ensure structures can withstand earthquakes”（確保建筑物能夠抵御地震），所以此處是 “建筑標準”，“standard” 是可數名詞，用復數形式 “standards”。
四、語法段落填空
答案：struck
解析：“Last month” 表明句子時態為一般過去時，“strike” 的過去式是 “struck”，表示 “上個月，一場強烈的地震襲擊了這座沿海城市” 。
答案：shook
解析：同樣是過去發生的動作，“shake” 的過去式是 “shook”，表示 “建筑物劇烈搖晃”。
答案：collapsed
解析：描述過去的情況，“collapse” 的過去式是 “collapsed”，表示 “許多建筑物倒塌”。
答案：were launched
解析：“Rescue operations”（救援行動）與 “launch”（發起）是被動關系，且是過去發生的事情，所以用一般過去時的被動語態 “were launched”，表示 “救援行動立即展開”。
答案：hampered
解析：過去發生的動作，“hamper” 的過去式是 “hampered”，表示 “但余震阻礙了救援工作”。
答案：studied
解析：講述過去科學家做的事情，用一般過去時，“study” 的過去式是 “studied”，表示 “科學家們研究了地震對當地生態系統的影響”。
答案：had disrupted
解析：“found” 是過去式，“disrupt the migration patterns of coastal birds”（擾亂沿海鳥類的遷徙模式）這個動作發生在 “found” 之前，即 “過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時 “had disrupted”。
答案：occurred
解析：在 “if” 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句 “the region's biodiversity (39)______ (be) at risk” 用了過去將來時，從句用一般過去時表示對過去情況的虛擬，“occur” 的過去式是 “occurred”。
答案：would be
解析：這是對過去情況的虛擬，主句用 “would + 動詞原形”，表示 “如果類似的地震頻繁發生，該地區的生物多樣性將面臨風險”，所以填 “would be”。
答案：urged
解析：描述過去專家的行為，用一般過去時，“urge” 的過去式是 “urged”，表示 “專家們敦促制定更嚴格的建筑規范以防止未來的破壞”。
五、閱讀理解
A 篇
答案：B
解析：根據文中 “Droughts are prolonged periods of water scarcity” 可知，干旱是長期的水資源短缺時期，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：從 “Trees in drought - prone areas may reduce leaf size to conserve water” 可知，樹木通過減小葉子尺寸來適應干旱，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：由 “In California, the 2012 - 2016 drought cost the agriculture industry over $3 billion” 可知，加利福尼亞州的干旱造成了 30 億美元的經濟損失，所以選 C。
答案：C
解析：根據 “addressing climate change remains the key to preventing future drought crises” 可知，應對氣候變化是防止未來干旱危機的關鍵，所以選 C。
答案：B
解析：文章先介紹了干旱的定義，接著闡述了干旱對自然生態系統、農業的影響，最后提出了應對措施，所以主要講的是干旱的影響和解決辦法，選 B。
B 篇
答案：B
解析：由 “Mangroves are tropical trees that grow in saltwater coastal areas” 可知，紅樹林生長在咸水沿海地區，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：從 “In 2004, mangroves in India and Sri Lanka saved thousands of lives by weakening the tsunami's force” 可知，2004 年紅樹林通過減弱海嘯的力量拯救了許多生命，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：根據 “Mangroves serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans, supporting local fisheries” 可知，紅樹林為魚類提供育苗場所，所以對漁業很重要，選 B。
答案：A
解析：由 “Shrimp farms and urban development often replace mangrove forests. Pollution from agriculture and industry also harms these ecosystems” 可知，蝦養殖場和城市發展威脅著紅樹林，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：文章強調了紅樹林的諸多益處以及保護它的重要性，所以作者對紅樹林的態度是積極的，選 B。
C 篇
答案：B
解析：根據 “When a volcano erupts, it releases ash, lava, and gases” 可知，火山噴發時釋放火山灰、熔巖和氣體，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：從 “In 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, destroying 230 square kilometers of forest” 可知，圣海倫斯火山噴發后，230 平方公里的森林被摧毀，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：由 “Large eruptions release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can cause global cooling” 可知，火山噴發會導致全球變冷，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：根據 “Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, making it ideal for agriculture” 可知，火山土壤富含營養，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：文章介紹了火山噴發釋放的物質、對環境和人類生活的影響，包括破壞、影響氣候以及帶來的好處等，主要目的是描述火山噴發及其影響，所以選 A。
D 篇
答案：B
解析：從 “The Arctic is experiencing rapid seasonal changes due to climate change. Winters are becoming shorter” 可知，北極的冬天正變得更短，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：根據 “Warmer summers lead to reduced sea ice, affecting polar bears that depend on ice for hunting. With less ice, polar bears have to swim longer distances” 可知，海冰減少使北極熊不得不游更長的距離，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：由 “Birds that traditionally arrived in the Arctic during summer now find their habitats altered. The timing of insect hatches, a key food source, no longer matches bird migration patterns, leading to food shortages” 可知，候鳥受到影響是因為食物來源發生了變化，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：根據 “As frozen soil thaws, it releases carbon dioxide, worsening climate change. This creates a feedback loop that accelerates Arctic warming” 可知，北極的反饋循環是指凍土融化釋放碳，加劇變暖，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：從 “Protecting the Arctic requires global action to reduce carbon emissions” 可知，解決北極問題的辦法是全球減少碳排放，所以選 B。
六、完形填空答案解析
答案：B
解析：“live in harmony with” 是固定短語，意為 “與…… 和諧相處”。結合語境 “Humans must learn to live in (61)_____ with nature to ensure sustainability”，人類為了實現可持續發展，必須學會與自然和諧相處，所以選 B。“conflict”（沖突）、“war”（戰爭）、“opposition”（對立）均不符合人類與自然應有的關系。
答案：C
解析：“but” 表示轉折，前文提到季節帶來可預測的變化，轉折后說明氣候變化對這種模式產生了改變。“altering” 意為 “改變”，符合語境，即氣候變化正在改變這些模式。“preserving”（保護；保存）、“maintaining”（維持；保持）、“improving”（改善；提高）都與文意不符，所以選 C。
答案：A
解析：“in turn” 表示 “反過來” ，“Warmer springs have been linked to early plant blooming, which (63)______ affects animal migration”，暖春導致植物提前開花，這反過來又影響動物的遷徙，邏輯連貫。“in return”（作為回報）、“in fact”（事實上）、“in short”（總之）代入后語義不通，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：前文提到植物開花時間變化影響動物遷徙，這種不匹配會擾亂整個食物鏈。“mismatch” 意為 “不匹配”，符合語境。“balance”（平衡）、“match”（匹配）、“harmony”（和諧）與 “disrupt entire food chains”（擾亂整個食物鏈）的表述相悖，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：根據常識，濕地具有儲存洪水的功能。“store” 意為 “儲存”，“Wetlands (65)______ floodwaters”，即濕地儲存洪水，符合實際。“waste”（浪費）、“pollute”（污染）、“drink”（喝）均不符合濕地對洪水的作用，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“and” 連接并列成分，“pollution”（污染）會破壞生態系統，與之并列且對生態系統有破壞作用的是 “deforestation”（砍伐森林）。“reforestation”（重新造林）、“forestation”（造林）、“plantation”（種植園；植樹造林）都是對森林有益的行為，所以選 B。
答案：A
解析：“resilience” 意為 “恢復力；適應力” ，“Natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes test human (67) .”，地震和颶風等自然災害會考驗人類的恢復能力和適應能力。“weakness”（弱點）、“fragility”（脆弱性）、“destruction”（破壞）不能體現人類在面對災害時應具備的積極特質，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：根據常識，做好準備工作的目的是減少損失。“reduce” 意為 “減少”，“Preparedness is key to (68) losses.”，即做好準備是減少損失的關鍵，符合邏輯。“increase”（增加）、“create”（創造）與減少損失的目的相悖；“avoid”（避免）過于絕對，災害損失難以完全避免，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“develop emergency plans” 意為 “制定應急計劃”，是常見搭配。“Communities that (69)______ emergency plans and conduct drills are better equipped to (70)______ disasters.”，制定應急計劃并進行演練的社區更有能力應對災害。“ignore”（忽視）、“forget”（忘記）、“dislike”（不喜歡）不符合社區應對災害的積極措施，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“withstand” 意為 “承受；抵擋”，制定計劃和演練的社區更能承受災害帶來的影響。“cause”（引起）、“create”（創造）、“increase”（增加）都不符合社區應對災害的意圖，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：后文提到的早期預警系統和可持續農業都是對自然有益的措施，所以此處應是技術在保護自然方面發揮作用。“protecting” 意為 “保護”，符合文意。“destroying”（破壞）、“harming”（傷害）、“ignoring”（忽視）與后文內容不符，所以選 C。
答案：A
解析：早期預警系統的功能是預測海嘯。“predict” 意為 “預測”，“Early warning systems (72)______ tsunamis”，即早期預警系統預測海嘯，符合其作用。“stop”（阻止）早期預警系統難以直接阻止海嘯發生；“cause”（引起）邏輯錯誤；“ignore”（忽視）與預警系統功能相悖，所以選 A。
答案：B
解析：“sustainable farming”（可持續農業）對土壤健康有積極作用，“improves” 意為 “改善；提高”，可持續農業改善土壤健康，符合可持續發展理念。“damages”（破壞）、“worsens”（惡化）、“ignores”（忽視）都不符合可持續農業的意義，所以選 B。
答案：B
解析：“conserving” 意為 “節約；保護”，與 “reducing waste”（減少浪費）并列，每個人可以通過減少浪費和節約能源來幫助保護環境。“wasting”（浪費）與文意相反；“using”（使用）表述不準確，應是合理使用、節約使用；“producing”（生產）與減少浪費和保護環境的語境不符，所以選 B。
答案：C
解析：“create” 意為 “創造”，“By respecting nature's rhythms and protecting ecosystems, we can (75)______ a sustainable future for all species.”，通過尊重自然規律和保護生態系統，我們能夠為所有物種創造一個可持續的未來。“destroy”（破壞）、“harm”（傷害）與文意相悖；“damage”（損壞）也不符合創造未來的積極語義，所以選 C。
七、書面表達參考范文
The Impact of Climate Change on Seasonal Ecosystems
Climate change is having a profound impact on seasonal ecosystems. For instance, in many regions, spring is arriving earlier than before. Temperatures rise more quickly, causing flowers to bloom weeks ahead of schedule.
These changes disrupt the delicate balance of nature. Plants rely on specific seasonal cues to grow and reproduce. When spring comes early, animals that depend on these plants for food face shortages. Migratory birds may arrive at their destinations to find that the insects or plants they feed on aren't ready yet. Some species struggle to adapt, and their populations decline.
To mitigate these effects, we must take action. Governments should enforce stricter environmental regulations to reduce carbon emissions. Individuals can also make a difference by using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and planting native species. International cooperation is essential too, as countries work together to slow down climate change and protect seasonal ecosystems for future generations.

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