資源簡介

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
　　Part 1　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Although he has suffered　　　　　 a serious disease, he is positive.
2.Burying himself 　　　　　 his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
3.They got lost in the forest and couldn’t find a place to shelter themselves 　　　　　 wind and rain.
4.Some online cheaters trap middle school students 　　　　　telling their ID numbers.
5.The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors 　　　　　 the sinking ship.
6.Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and 　　　　　 (dead), and everything else in between.
7.(易錯題)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on 　　　　　(wise).
8.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good 　　　　　(breathe).
9.It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries 　　　　　(be) using emojis at work.
10.(易錯題)Now the number of people learning first aid 　　　　　(increase) rapidly.
11.The light is too weak　　　　　 (cause) any damage 　　　　　people’s eyes.
12.It shocked the athlete that the medal　　　　　he won in the championship was lost.
Ⅱ.選詞填空
in shock;make an effort to;come to an end;dig out;in ruins;as if;a flood of
　　A terrible earthquake hit this area. Most buildings lay 1.　　　　　　. People there were 2.　　　　　　 because it seemed 3.　　　　　　 life would 4.　　　　　　.Thanks to the government, soldiers were sent there. Many survivors were 5.　　　　　　 and 6.　　　　　　 supplies were delivered to the disaster area. People there saw hope and 7.　　　　　　rebuild their home.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.為了有一個均衡的飲食,過健康的生活,我開始學習如何包餃子。(effort)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and live a healthy life, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.
2.她的頭發越發灰白了,就像蓋上了霜和雪。(as if)
Her hair grew greyer and greyer, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 frost and snow.
3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型轉換)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(too...to...)
→The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(so...that...)
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those　8　were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, 　10　(final) a new Tangshan was built on the earthquake ruins.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Three cows swept away by Hurricane Dorian have been found miles from home in a national park, a spokesman said. Dorian brought strong winds, damaging tornadoes and heavy rain 　1　 North Carolina in September when it 　2　 (make) landfall on the Outer Banks in North Carolina.
During the storm, wild horses and cows 　3　 (carry) away by floodwaters from Cedar Island. Many horses died in the flood. Three cows were missing until they were discovered at the Cape Lookout National Seashore park, according to Horvat, the park’s spokesman.
The cows were not wild. Horvat said they had caretakers(看護人) in Cedar Island 　4　 looked after them, and the park is trying to get in touch with 　5　 (they) owner. “They likely got swept away from 　6　 same body of water as those wild horses,” Horvat said. “These cows were just really 　7　 (luck) because they went through the same thing and they could have　8　 (easy) drowned (淹死).”
One cow was found shortly after Dorian struck, while the other two were found about two weeks later by　9　 (visitor). Horvat said the cows were eating in the park and they were able 　10　 (survive) on the seagrass or other vegetation.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike. Neither does anyone know the effect it can have on life. The following measures can save your life in an emergency.
Typhoon
Typhoons happen in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows. A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
Flood
Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically. They are usually caused by heavy rainfall lasting for days. Don’t try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house. Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.
Avalanche(雪崩)
An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location. It is very fast and disastrous, burying everything in its way under tons of snow. When an avalanche starts, try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you get buried in the snow, dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and don’t waste your energy shouting or digging frantically. Call out when you hear the team approaching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you are trapped in a wildfire, use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing, a blanket, or soil until the fire passes.
1.What should those caught in flood do when they hear the evacuation orders
A.Bring an umbrella with them.　　　
B.Go to higher places.
C.Call out for help loudly.　　　
D.Get a torch in case of a blackout.
2.Among the four natural disasters, which one requires people to run against the wind
A.The typhoon.　　　B.The flood.　　　C.The avalanche.　　　D.The wildfire.
3.What do we know from the text
A.Typhoons happen only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
B.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.
C.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they’re trapped.
D.Getting clean air matters most in the case of wildfires, despite the difficulty.
B
In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea, known as sea nomads(海上游牧民族). I was living with members of the Chao-Ley tribe(部落) on a small island in southern Thailand. We didn’t share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to sea with them regularly. One morning, I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat. The sea looked different, with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea, one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far off in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean. We were in shock.
Usually, the deeper the water, the weaker the wave. But we weren’t out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck. I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit, so we would balance the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to capture the scene, but I couldn’t. Any movement would make the boat out of balance. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave hit the boat, but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve(使突然轉向) the boat up and onto the wave. Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Our eyes and mouths were wide open, and everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be. I’ve been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since. The photography project has become a thank-you to the person who saved my life. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away”—I think every photographer has one. But mine changed my life.
4.What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A.The captain wanted to cancel the trip.　　　
B.He noticed something unusual.
C.They saw a white spot in the distance.　　
D.It looked as if it was about to rain.
5.When did the author start to feel frightened
A.When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.　　　
B.When he realized they were trapped.
C.When the boat was about to be hit.　　
D.When the boat shook violently.
6.What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A.Helping the captain swerve.　　　B.Taking a photo of the wave.
C.Trying not to move.　　　 D.Reaching for his backpack.
7.What did the author learn from his experience
A.We should have the courage to take risks.　　　
B.Opportunity never knocks twice.
C.Life is too short to be wasted.　　　
D.Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 1　Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.from　考查介詞。suffer from后接表示疾病的名詞,表示“患……病”。故填from。句意:雖然他得了很嚴重的病,但是他很樂觀。
2.in　考查介詞。bury oneself in...表示“專心致志于……”,故填介詞in。句意:他埋頭學習,不知道其他人都走了。
3.from　考查介詞。shelter...from...意為“保護……免受……”。句意:他們在森林里迷了路,找不到遮風避雨的地方。
4.into　考查介詞。trap sb. into doing sth.意為“誘騙某人做某事”。故填into。句意:一些網絡騙子誘騙中學生說出他們的身份證號。
5. from　考查介詞。rescue...from...意為“把……從……營救出來”。故填from。句意:救生艇被派出去把海員們從即將沉沒的船只中營救出來。
6.death　考查名詞。句意:舞蹈表達愛與恨,歡樂與悲傷,生與死,以及其他介于這之間的一切。love and hate、joy and sorrow、life and　　　為三個并列的結構,這三個結構都是由and連接兩個不可數名詞構成的,所以設空處也應用名詞,根據語境可知填death。
7.wisdom　考查名詞。句意:幾千年來,人們通過講寓言來傳授經驗或傳遞智慧。根據空前的pass on 可知設空處應該填名詞,wise的名詞形式為wisdom,意為“智慧”,為不可數名詞。
易錯歸因
本題易誤填wisedom,原因在于對wise的名詞變形不熟悉,wise的名詞形式需要特殊記憶,不能直接加-dom,而要去e加-dom。
8.to breathe　考查不定式。句意:我喜歡在夏天早起。早晨的空氣呼吸起來很好。本句是“sth.+be+adj.+to do”句式,形容詞表示的是不定式的性質,且不定式的邏輯賓語為句子的主語(The morning air),這時不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。故填to breathe。
9.are　考查主謂一致。句意:據報道,在一些西方國家,76%的員工在工作中使用表情符號。本句為主從復合句,It 為形式主語,that引導的從句為真正的主語。that從句中的主語為76 percent of employees,設空處構成從句中的謂語,“數字+percent of+可數名詞復數”作主語,謂語動詞用復數,故設空處用are,構成現在進行時。
10.is increasing　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。分析句子可知,主語為“the number of people”,謂語動詞需用單數形式;結合開頭的Now可知此處表示“現在學習急救的人的數量正在快速增加”,需用現在進行時,故填is increasing。
易錯歸因
本題學生易在主謂一致方面犯錯誤,受前面集合名詞people的影響認為謂語動詞用復數。the number of意為“……的數量”,其后跟可數名詞的復數或集合名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數;a number of意為“許多”,其后跟可數名詞的復數或集合名詞作主語時謂語動詞用復數。
11.to cause;to　考查too...to...結構及damage的固定搭配。句意:這種光太弱了,對人的眼睛產生不了什么傷害。too...to do...意為“太……而不能做……”;cause damage to...意為“對……造成傷害”。故第一空填不定式to cause,第二空填介詞to。
12.that/which　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,后面內容缺少won的賓語,結合語境可知設空處引導定語從句,先行詞為medal,關系詞代替先行詞在從句中作賓語,指物,故填that或which。句意:這位運動員在錦標賽中贏得的獎牌丟失了,這讓他感到震驚。
Ⅱ.1.in ruins　2.in shock　3.as if　4.come to an end　5.dug out　6.a flood of　7.made an effort to
Ⅲ.1.In an effort to have a balanced diet　2.as if it were covered with　3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can’t accommodate
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.rose　考查動詞的時態。根據上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此處講的是唐山大地震前的情況,為過去發生的事情,需用一般過去時,故填rose。
2.to eat　考查不定式。句意:雞和豬都緊張得吃不下東西。too...to do...意為“太……而不能做……”,故此處需填不定式作結果狀語。故填to eat。
3.It　考查代詞。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了!
4.the　考查冠詞。句意:不到一分鐘,整個城市就成了一片廢墟……。此處特指唐山這個城市,需要在whole前加定冠詞the。
5.injured　考查過去分詞。get injured意為“受傷”。故填injured。
6.shocked　考查形容詞。主語為People,設空處作表語,故用形容詞shocked。be shocked at...意為“對……感到震驚”。
7.wondering　考查現在分詞。句意:人們深陷困境,想知道這場災難要持續多久。設空處前面已有謂語got into,且逗號后無連詞,故設空處應為非謂語動詞。wonder與其邏輯主語People之間為主動關系,故用現在分詞作伴隨狀語。
8.who　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,前面為代詞those,“　8　 were trapped”中缺主語(設空處后面為謂語),且將前面的those作為主語代入后面意思合理,故推測設空處引導定語從句且在從句中充當主語,指代先行詞those,指人,故填who。
9.survivors　考查名詞復數。survivor意為“幸存者”,為可數名詞,空前沒有限定詞,所以用復數形式。故填survivors。
10.finally　考查副詞。設空處后是一個完整的句子,提示詞是形容詞,所以用副詞作狀語,故填finally。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道,主要講述的是被颶風“多里安”刮走的三頭牛在離家數英里的盧考特角國家海濱公園被發現。
1.to　考查介詞。句意:9月,多里安在北卡羅來納州的外灘群島登陸時,給北卡羅來納州帶來了強風、破壞性龍卷風和暴雨。bring sth. to...表示“給……帶來某物”。故填to。
2.made　考查動詞的時態。設空處是時間狀語從句中的謂語,根據主句中的謂語動詞brought使用一般過去時可知,空處應與主句時態一致,故用一般過去時。故填made。
3.were carried　考查時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:在暴風雨中,野馬和牛被洪水從雪松島沖走。設空處是句子的謂語,敘述的是在那場暴風雨中的事情,所以是過去的事情,應使用一般過去時,提示詞與表示復數意義的主語wild horses and cows有被動關系,故用被動語態。故填were carried。
4.that/who　考查定語從句。句意:霍瓦特說,它們在雪松島有看護人照顧它們,公園正試圖與它們的主人取得聯系。設空處引導一個定語從句且在從句中作主語,先行詞為caretakers,指人,所以用關系代詞that或who。故填that/who。
5.their　考查代詞。設空處修飾名詞owner,表示“它們的主人”,所以用形容詞性物主代詞。故填their。
6.the　考查冠詞。根據后面的same可知設空處應填定冠詞the,the same...表示“相同的……”。
7.lucky　考查形容詞。設空處作表語,表示“幸運的”,所以用形容詞形式。故填lucky。
8.easily　考查副詞。設空處修飾動詞drowned,作狀語,用副詞形式。故填easily。句意:這些牛真的很幸運,因為它們經歷了同樣的事情,它們本來很容易被淹死。could have done意為“本可能做某事(但沒做)”。
9.visitors　考查名詞。設空處作賓語,用名詞形式,visitor為可數名詞,且其前無限定詞,所以空處用名詞復數形式表示泛指意義。故填visitors。
10.to survive　考查不定式。be able to do sth.意為“能夠做某事”,所以空處用動詞不定式形式。故填to survive。句意:霍瓦特說,這些牛正在公園吃東西,它們能夠依靠海草或其他植物生存下來。
【高頻詞匯】　1.look after照顧　2.get in touch with與……取得聯系　3.go through經歷,遭受
【差距詞匯】　landfall n.登陸,著陸
Ⅲ.A
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇應用文,主要講了在遇到自然災害時如何挽救自己的生命。
1.B　細節理解題。根據Flood部分中的“Once you hear the evacuation warning, leave for safer higher grounds”可知,遇到洪水時,一旦聽到疏散警告,要轉移到更安全的高地。故選B。
2.D　細節理解題。根據Wildfire部分中的“Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times”可知,在遇到野火時需要逆風跑。故選D。
學科思維
本題的關鍵在于理解文中upwind的意思,考生要學會用拆分的方法嘗試著理解詞義。up(向上)與wind(風)組合,即“向風的上方”,也就是“逆風”,與題干中的against the wind呼應。
3.B　細節理解題。根據Flood部分中的“Floods happen more often than any other natural disaster” 可知,洪水比其他自然災害發生得更頻繁,所以B選項“在上述災害中,洪水造成的破壞最為頻繁”與原文信息相符。
易錯歸因
本題易誤選D項。根據Wildfire部分中的“use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe”可知,在遇到野火時,重要的是保證能夠呼吸,而D項的“獲得干凈的空氣”屬于更高層次的要求,原文并未提及。
【高頻詞匯】　1.exposed adj.無遮蔽的　2.secure adj.安全的;可靠的;牢固的　3.device n.裝置,設備,儀器
4.dramatically adv.劇烈地　5.approach v.靠近,接近
6.ensure v.確保,保證
【差距詞匯】　1.waterproof adj.防水的;耐水的
2.frantically adv.手忙腳亂地
長難句
原句　A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio, through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases, instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.
分析　句子主干是“A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio”,合成詞must-have和battery-powered用作形容詞,分別修飾名詞device和weather radio; through which引導非限制性定語從句;hear后面為or連接的兩個賓語evacuation orders 和instructions。how to...作介詞on的賓語,and連接hear和learn about。
譯文　一個必不可少的設備是電池供電的天氣收音機,通過它你可以聽到疏散命令,或者聽到在其他情況下如何在避難所生存的指導并了解天氣情況。
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在與六個漁民乘坐一條小船出海時遭遇了海嘯,英勇的船長救了船上所有人的故事。
4.B　細節理解題。根據第二段第二、三句可知,一天早晨,作者要和六個漁民乘坐一條小船出發。大海看起來不一樣了,海水是完全靜止的。所以,在出發前,作者注意到了一些不尋常的情況。故選B。
5.B　細節理解題。根據題干中的feel frightened定位到第四段中的“I began to feel really scared.”。根據該信息前面的“But we weren’t out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck.”可知,當作者意識到他們被困住的時候,他開始感到害怕。故選B。
6.C　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段前四句可知,為了讓船能平衡,船長告訴作者在內的六人坐在合適的位置。盡管作者想拿出背包里的照相機拍攝,但他不能這樣做,任何動作都會使船失去平衡。所以當海嘯波襲擊船的時候,作者盡力保持不動。故選C。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段可知,經歷了那次與死神的邂逅,作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。雖說在那次災難中,作為攝影師,作者沒有拍到現場的照片,但船長的英勇和他們的克制不動讓他們活了下來。由此推知,從這次經歷中作者意識到有時候生活中的遺憾可以拯救我們。作者的遺憾就是沒能拍到當時的照片。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.professional adj.專業的;職業的 n.專業人士　2.depend on依靠,信賴　3.regularly adv.經常;有規律地　4.in the distance在遠處　5.in time及時
6.balance v.使平衡　7.scene n.場面,情景
【熟詞生義】　1.still adj.平靜的;靜止的　2.speed v.快速前行
17

展開更多......

收起↑