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Part 4　Writing
新聞概要
寫作題目
　　閱讀下面短文,根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。
A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first-aid material supply in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
Rescuers have put up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中)in Yushu. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area populated by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(輕微地震). In the yard of Yushu’s Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken out of the debris. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles.
The National Meteorological Center of CMA forecast on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations.
The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(隨后的)landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the region. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力盡的) working at a place with an altitude(海拔) of above 4,000 meters.
Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region.






文本分析
1.語篇解讀
主題語境:自然災害與救助
語篇類型:新聞報道
文章大意:青海玉樹地震發生后的災民狀況、天氣條件以及救災情況。
2.段落主題
本篇文章為“總—分”結構,第一段概括陳述發生的事件,下面四段分別從幾個方面詳細闡述該事件。各段的主旨大意如下:
第一段:A 7.1-magnitude quake occurred in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
第二段:The survivors relied on the tents. But because there were not enough tents, many people sought temporary shelters or even sat or lay on the ground in darkness.
第三段:The weather will provide favorable conditions for rescue operations.
第四段:The damaged roads cause great difficulties for rescuers and machines to enter the region. The high altitude makes rescuers easily get exhausted.
第五段:A lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.
篩選、整合信息,轉換表達
1.第一段的主旨大意可以概括為要點1。其中的occurred in可以轉換表達為　　　　,表示“襲擊”。
2.第二段的主旨大意可以概括為要點2。結合第二段的主旨大意來看,the survivors有三種狀態,即　　　　　　、　　　　　　和sat or lay on the ground in darkness,其中sat or lay on the ground in darkness即待在外面,用英文表述為　　　　　　。because there were not enough tents是一個because引導的原因狀語從句,可以轉換表達為because of短語,not enough可以轉換表達為　　　　,表示“有限的”。
3.第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括為要點3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素,第四段描述的是救援的不利因素,重點是突出不利因素,所以有利因素可以用“despite+賓語”來表示,不利因素有兩個方面,即　　　　　　和　　　　　　,這兩個方面的不利因素對救援造成了很大的困難。
4.第五段的主旨大意可以概括為要點4。要點4是在陳述外界的幫助,所以可以用　　　　與要點3銜接。
答案　1.hit　2.relied on the tents;sought temporary shelters;stayed outdoors;limited　3.the damaged roads;the high altitude　4.Luckily
連句成篇






參考范文
A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.(要點1)The survivors relied on the tents, but because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要點2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work.(要點3) Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要點4)
寫作積累
新聞概要的要點一般包括時間、地點、事件、起因、結果和可能的后續活動等。概要的內容只需包括文本中的重要信息或事例,原報道中的大量數字、被采訪者的話語等均可省略,力求語言簡明扼要,要點齊全。
概要寫作可以分為三個步驟:要點獲取、要點轉述和要點銜接。
1.要點獲取
通過篩選主題句和尋找關鍵詞找出要點。
(1)篩選主題句
主題句是指能夠概括整個段落的關鍵句。通常情況下段落是由主題句和細節句組成的,段落可以是“總—分”或“分—總”的結構。因此一個段落的主題句通常位于段首或段尾。
另外,我們也可以特別關注像so、therefore、thus這樣的標志詞,這些詞后往往是作者對前文的一個總結,很可能就是主題句。
(2)尋找關鍵詞
在實際寫作中,我們會發現某些段落并不能直接找出主題句,那么,可以通過找出段落關鍵詞,進而連詞成句,得出段落要點。
2.要點轉述
可以從下面四個方向進行轉述:
(1)同義替換
同義替換指的是用相同意義的單詞、短語或者句子代替從原文中找出的要點。
例　在“Scientists from NASA built the Mars Climate Orbiter to travel around Mars and get information.”中用sent、made、created等代替built,用explore Mars代替travel around Mars and get information。如此,我們得到要點Scientists from NASA sent the Mars Climate Orbiter to explore Mars.
(2)語態轉換
語態轉換就是把句子在主動語態和被動語態之間進行轉換。
例　本單元課文THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP中的第一段“Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei...were asleep as usual that night.”
原要點:Strange things were happening, but people thought little of them.
語態轉換后的要點:Strange things were happening, but they were ignored.
(3)詞性改變
在進行要點轉述的過程中,由于詞匯量或其他原因,可能會遇到某些詞很難找到同義詞的情況。這時,可以嘗試用不同的詞性表達相同的意思,如把動詞改成名詞短語或者把形容詞改成名詞短語等。
例　Most students experience a lot of stress while preparing for exams, as both their parents and teachers expect them to get high scores.
前半句可以同義轉換成Many students are stressed during the exam period,后半句可以將expect改成expectation,這樣就得到了轉換后的要點:Because of the high expectations from their parents and teachers, many students are stressed during the exam period.
(4)句子重構
只有掌握了多種句式,如定語從句、賓語從句、非謂語動詞作狀語等,并對不同的句式進行靈活轉換,才能寫出層次清晰、語言簡練的內容概要。概要寫作在語言表達上也要求“以簡為貴”。
例　原要點:The city hosted the event. It has witnessed many important ceremonies in history.
改寫后的要點:The city which has witnessed many important ceremonies in history hosted the event.
　　3.要點銜接
注意要點之間的銜接,切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子,要用適當的關聯詞語貫穿全文,優先考慮使用較短的銜接詞(如but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however等)。
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