資源簡介

Part 3　Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
Ⅰ.一詞多義
A.v.劃(火柴)　　B.v.(災(zāi)難、疾病等)侵襲
C.v.使突然想起　　　D.v.(鐘)敲,報(bào)時(shí)
E.n.罷工　　　F.v.打,擊打
1.The clock struck five and the exam was over.　　　
2.The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. 　　　
3.They have been on strike for several days to get higher pay. 　　　
4.A big earthquake struck the area last week, then causing a terrible tsunami. 　　　　
5.At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time. 　　　
6.As an old saying goes,“Strike while the iron is hot.” 　　　
A.v.深深打動(dòng)　B.v.影響　C.v.(疾病)侵襲
7.Their opinions will not affect my decision.　　　
8.The disease mainly affected children under 8.　　　　
9.They were deeply affected by the story of the poor man.　　　
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.To build up his strength, he gradually increases the 　　　　　(long) of the runs.
2.In my dream,my mother smiled,waving　　　　　 me.
3.Once the book you’ve requested is delivered　　　　　the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
4.However, the majority of people are 　　　　　(effect) speakers because they train to be.
5.　　　　　 summary, my mom’s simple act has a deep effect 　　　　　 me.
6.As long as we make every effort 　　　　　(solve) the problems, we will surely achieve our goal.
7.　　　　　 strikes me that I ought to cut out sugary drinks.
8.Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all 　　　　　he saw and heard in China.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.海還是安安靜靜的,好像已經(jīng)睡著了一樣,沒有風(fēng),也沒有浪。(as if虛擬語氣)
The sea was still quiet 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, without winds or waves.(讀后續(xù)寫—環(huán)境描寫)
2.雨開始下得很大,使得難以透過窗戶看到她前院的樹木。(現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,make)
Rain started to come down hard, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the trees in her front yard through the window.(讀后續(xù)寫—場景描寫)
3.We were climbing the mountain, and at that time it began to rain.(句式升級,when連接并列分句)
→We 　　　　 　　　　 the mountain 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to rain.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
A tsunami caused by the most 　1　 (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 　2　(country). The undersea earthquake 　3　 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island, 　4　(cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood 　5　 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.
Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths　6　(expect) to grow even 　7　(high). 　8　 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads will make it difficult 　10　 (deliver) food and supplies.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Droughts Cause Problems for China
This summer has brought the heat and serious droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems, 　1　(include) food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases. The effect of the droughts is likely to be felt for years.
China 　2　(face) with similar problems now, too. It has been troubled by a terrible drought this summer, with the temperature as high as 45℃. The drought has dried up much of the Yangtze River, China’s 　3　 (long) river. That has cut the amount(數(shù)量) of power　4　 is produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.
China hasn’t been able to produce enough power, since hundreds of millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. In Sichuan Province, the government is closing 　5　 (factory) down because there’s not enough energy. The country is trying to make it rain by 　6　 (send) chemicals into clouds, which, however, is 　7　 uncertain and temporary(臨時(shí)的) measure.
There are no easy ways for any of these droughts.　8　 has taken years to create the climate problem, and getting it under control will take more time. For now, governments and people need to 　9　 (careful) manage water supplies and other things 　10　 (stop) the damage.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
Dry lightning(風(fēng)暴閃電)can still be harmful even when conditions aren’t so dry, said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters last month. Dry lightning during little to no rainfall was previously thought to cause wildfire danger only with less than 2.5mm of rain in a day. A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7mm of rain.
“The rainfall we recorded should help provide a better understanding of just how much rain can cause a fire risk,” said Dmitri Kalashnikov, lead author of the study.
The researchers analyzed(分析)cases of more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020. They matched 3,726 of those to the lightning strikes that likely started them with the help of the National Lightning Detection Network.
The study found that 15.3% of those were holdover(殘余)fires which burn without smoke, bringing about over a hundred fires each year. Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes showed there was greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires.
While humans still cause many fires either by accident or on purpose, lightning-caused wildfires burn the most areas. Nearly 70% of the wildfire-burned land in the West was brought about by lightning-caused fires according to the study. For example, the largest wildfire burn area in Californian history formed in August 2020 after dry lightning caused many wildfires at once.
Dry lightning can also start wildfires in places that are hard for firefighters to reach. This study found the places where holdover fires happened repeatedly were in the forested mountains of the southwest as well as the middle and southern Rocky Mountains. Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice.
1.The new study found dry lightning could still cause wildfires with a daily rainfall of 　　　.
A.7.7mm　　　B.8.0mm　　　C.9.4mm　　　D.2.5mm
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.The findings of the research.　　　B.The number of the cases.
C.The process of the study.　　　D.The designers of the study.
3.Why did holdover fires happen repeatedly in the forested mountains
A.They are difficult to notice.　　　B.The fire service is short-handed.
C.Campers often smoke there.　　　D.The locals fail to call firefighters.
4.From which is the text probably taken
A.A history textbook.　　　B.A science magazine.
C.A course plan.　　　D.A book review.
Ⅳ.七選五
Landslides occur when large quantities of substances (物質(zhì)), including rocks, earth, and trees, slide down a slope (斜坡). They may occur as a result of fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, storms, or human activities. Landslides are particularly dangerous because they strike suddenly, move at extremely high speeds, and travel long distances. Although landslides are often difficult to predict, you can prepare for them. 　1　
Keep yourself alert and awake. Landslides can occur quite suddenly, so you need to be ready to take action at a moment’s notice. Many landslide-related deaths occur while people are asleep. 　2　
　3　 Your local community should have a designated (指定的) public shelter. Go to the shelter if your home is unsafe or the authorities have called for an evacuation.
Consult local officials about past landslides. Landslides tend to happen in the same area where they have occurred before.　4　 If you are in an at-risk area, consider getting a site analysis of your property. This will help you determine necessary corrective measures.
Make an emergency kit. 　5　 Make your kit in advance so it is ready when needed. Your kit should contain enough food and water to last for at least 72 hours, as well as supplies like medications, flashlights, batteries, cellphones, copies of personal documents, and cash.
A.Notice unusual sounds.
B.Go to a public shelter.
C.Here are some tips which can help you.
D.Talk to local officials about landslides in your area.
E.In the event of a landslide or other emergencies, choose a place.
F.If you are with other people, work together to keep one another awake.
G.An emergency kit contains the essentials that your household will need during an emergency.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Part 3　Reading for Writing, Assessing
Your Progress & Video Time
基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
Ⅰ.1.D　句意:時(shí)鐘敲響了五點(diǎn),考試結(jié)束了。
2.A　句意:女孩劃了一根火柴,溫暖的光立刻充滿了房間。
3.E　句意:他們?yōu)榧有揭呀?jīng)罷工好幾天了。
4.B　句意:上周,一場大地震侵襲了該地區(qū),隨后引發(fā)了可怕的海嘯。
5.C　句意:這時(shí),我突然意識(shí)到我是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
6.F　句意:俗話說得好,趁熱打鐵。
7.B　句意:他們的意見不會(huì)影響我的決定。
8.C　句意:這種疾病主要侵襲8歲以下的孩子。
9.A　句意:他們被那個(gè)可憐男人的故事深深地打動(dòng)了。
Ⅱ.1.length　考查名詞。句意:為了增強(qiáng)他的體力,他逐漸增加了跑步的里程。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的the和設(shè)空處后的of可知此處應(yīng)用名詞,long是形容詞,其名詞是length。
2.at/to　考查介詞。wave at/to sb.意為“向某人招手/揮手”。
3.to　考查介詞。句意:一旦你申請的書被運(yùn)送到最近的分部,他們就會(huì)通過電子郵件告知你,這樣你就可以去取了。deliver sth. to sp.意為“運(yùn)送某物至某處”,此處是其被動(dòng)形式sth. be delivered to...,故填to。
4.effective　考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處在句中作定語,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞speakers,故填形容詞effective,意為“有影響力的”。句意:然而,大多數(shù)人是因?yàn)樗麄兪苓^訓(xùn)練才成為卓有成效的演講者的。
5. In;on　考查介詞。句意:總之,我媽媽簡單的行為對我影響很深。in summary意為“總之”,第一空置于句首,第一個(gè)字母要大寫,故填I(lǐng)n。have a(n)...effect on...意為“對……有……的影響”,故第二空填on。
6.to solve　考查不定式。make every effort to do sth.意為“盡一切努力做某事”,故填to solve。句意:只要我們盡一切努力解決問題,我們就一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。
7.It　考查代詞。It strikes sb. that...意為“某人突然想到……”,It為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語。設(shè)空處位于句首,首字母大寫,故填I(lǐng)t 。句意:我突然意識(shí)到不能再喝含糖飲料了。
8.that　考查定語從句。空格前面為不定代詞all,空格后面的saw and heard后面缺少賓語,故推測設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句且在定語從句中作賓語,先行詞為all,故關(guān)系詞用that。句意: 杰夫教授將給學(xué)生們做一個(gè)關(guān)于他在中國的所見所聞的報(bào)告。
Ⅲ.1.as if it had fallen asleep　2.making it hard to see　3.were climbing;when it began
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.powerful　考查形容詞。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的the most和后面的名詞earthquake可知此處應(yīng)用形容詞,power是名詞,其形容詞是powerful,意為“強(qiáng)有力的”。故填powerful。
2.countries　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由空前的several(幾個(gè))可知此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填countries。
3.which/that　考查定語從句。設(shè)空處無提示詞,前面為名詞earthquake,后面句子缺主語(設(shè)空處后面為謂語動(dòng)詞reached),且結(jié)合語境可知這里應(yīng)表達(dá)“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.0”,故設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾指物的名詞,故填關(guān)系代詞which或that。 句意:周日早上7點(diǎn)左右,在印度尼西亞的蘇門答臘島西海岸附近發(fā)生了9.0級的海底地震,造成至少1,870人死亡。
4.causing　考查現(xiàn)在分詞。設(shè)空處所在句已有謂語occurred,所以設(shè)空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式;設(shè)空處指地震“造成”的結(jié)果,The undersea earthquake與cause之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。
5.at　考查介詞。 stand at sth.表示“達(dá)到特定水平(或數(shù)量、高度等)”。此處指死亡人數(shù)達(dá)到2,498。故填at。
6.is expected　考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。 “the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);the number of deaths和expect(預(yù)計(jì))之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài);結(jié)合前面的“are still missing”可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is expected。句意:仍有數(shù)千人失蹤,死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)增加。
7.higher　考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)用形容詞比較級。even修飾比較級,用以加強(qiáng)比較。故填higher。
8.Though/Although/While　考查連詞。設(shè)空處所在句中間為逗號,逗號前后兩部分都有主語,逗號前面表示“正在為遭受海嘯襲擊的國家組織外國援助”,后面表示“危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境和被破壞的道路將使運(yùn)送食物和補(bǔ)給品變得困難”,故推測設(shè)空處應(yīng)用though、although或while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。注意首字母大寫。
9.damaged　考查過去分詞。dangerous conditions and 　9　 roads是主句主語,roads是名詞,缺少修飾成分,roads與damage之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填過去分詞damaged作定語。
10.to deliver　考查不定式。make it difficult to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“使做某事很困難”,it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式短語。故填to deliver。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了干旱給中國帶來的各種問題。
1.including　考查介詞。設(shè)空處后面的“food and energy shortages, transportation problems, and price increases”是前面的problems的舉例,故填including,意為“包括”。句意:干旱正在導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問題,包括糧食和能源短缺、運(yùn)輸問題和物價(jià)上漲。
2.is faced　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:中國現(xiàn)在也面臨著類似的問題。be faced with表示“面臨,面對”,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語now可知,句子描述現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語是China,be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用is。故填is faced。
3.longest　考查形容詞最高級。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,長江是中國最長的河流,所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級形式作定語,修飾名詞river。故填longest。句意:干旱使中國最長的河流——長江的很多部分干涸。
4.which/that　考查定語從句。設(shè)空處無提示詞,空后內(nèi)容缺少主語,結(jié)合語境可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞power指物,故填which或that。句意:那使得世界上最大的水壩產(chǎn)出的電量減少了40%。
5.factories　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:在四川省,由于能源不足,政府正在關(guān)閉工廠。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,政府關(guān)閉的不止一家工廠,所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填factories。
6.sending　考查動(dòng)名詞。設(shè)空處位于介詞by之后,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語,故填sending。句意:中國正努力通過將化學(xué)物質(zhì)送入云層來降雨,但這是一個(gè)不可靠的臨時(shí)措施。
7.an　考查冠詞。此處表示人工降雨是一個(gè)不可靠的臨時(shí)措施,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示泛指,uncertain以元音音素開頭,前面應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。
8.It　考查代詞。本句為“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型,表示“做某事花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間”,所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)用it,置于句首,首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)t。
9.carefully　考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞manage,應(yīng)用副詞作狀語,故填carefully,表示“小心地,謹(jǐn)慎地”。
10.to stop　考查不定式。句意:目前,政府和人民需要謹(jǐn)慎管理供水和其他事情來止損。句中已有謂語,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合語境可知這里表示目的,所以應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填to stop。
【高頻詞匯】　1.shortage n.缺乏,缺少　2.similar adj.相似的　3.dry up使干涸　4.chemical n.化學(xué)品 adj.化學(xué)的　5.under control被控制住
長難句
原句　The country is trying to make it rain by sending chemicals into clouds, which, however, is an uncertain and temporary measure.
分析　本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。by sending chemicals into clouds為方式狀語。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
譯文　中國正試圖通過將化學(xué)物質(zhì)送入云層來降雨,但這是一個(gè)不可靠的臨時(shí)措施。
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了風(fēng)暴閃電的危害。
1.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found dry lightning caused wildfires despite up to 7.7 mm of rain.”可知,華盛頓州立大學(xué)的研究表明,降雨量達(dá)到7.7毫米的情況下風(fēng)暴閃電仍會(huì)引發(fā)野火。故選A。
2.C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,研究人員分析了2015年至2020年間4,600多起自然引發(fā)的火災(zāi)的案例。他們將其中的3,726起與雷擊相匹配。故推知,本段主要是介紹此次研究的過程。故選C。
易錯(cuò)歸因
本題學(xué)生容易受文中信息“cases of more than 4,600 naturally caused fires from 2015 to 2020”和“3,726 of those”的影響,誤認(rèn)為本段主要是在講研究案例的數(shù)目。要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注“analyzed”和“matched”,這兩個(gè)詞反映出了研究的過程。
3.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Holdover fires cause the problem because they are so hard to notice”可知,殘余的火不易被人察覺,因此反復(fù)在樹木叢生的山區(qū)發(fā)生。故選A。
4.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“said a study published in Geophysical Research Letters”和“A Washington State University-led study of wildfires in the US West found”,第三段中的“The researchers analyzed”以及第四段中的“The study found”等可知,本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這是和科學(xué)相關(guān)的話題。由此推知,本文可能出自一本科學(xué)雜志。故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.publish v.發(fā)表;出版　2.previously adv.先前地;以往地　3.despite prep.即使,盡管　4.bring about引起,導(dǎo)致　5.by accident 偶然地;意外地　6.on purpose故意地
長難句
原句　Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes showed there was greater rainfall than previously thought among the earlier found fires.
分析　該句主語是動(dòng)名詞短語“Analyzing the rainfall around the time of the lightning strikes”,謂語為showed,showed后面為省略that的賓語從句,than引導(dǎo)省略形式的比較狀語從句,介詞短語“among the earlier found fires”作狀語,其中過去分詞短語earlier found作前置定語。
譯文　對雷擊前后降雨量的分析顯示,在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)的火災(zāi)中,降雨量比之前人們認(rèn)為的更大。
Ⅳ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。作者就如何應(yīng)對滑坡給出了一些具體可行的建議。
1.C　過渡句。設(shè)空處上句提到,雖然滑坡很難預(yù)測,但是你可以為滑坡做一些準(zhǔn)備工作。下文給出了四條具體的建議。C項(xiàng)“這里有一些建議可以幫助你”承上啟下,符合語境。故選C。
2.F　細(xì)節(jié)句。本段主旨句為“使你自己保持警覺和清醒”,空前講到許多與滑坡有關(guān)的死亡發(fā)生在人們睡著的時(shí)候。F項(xiàng)“如果你和其他人在一起,一起努力讓彼此保持清醒”提議要保持清醒,承接上文且與本段主旨句意思一致,符合語境。故選F。
3.B　主旨句。設(shè)空處為主旨句,本段主要講了當(dāng)滑坡發(fā)生的時(shí)候,可以到指定的公共避難所避難。分析選項(xiàng)可知,B項(xiàng)“去公共避難所”能夠概括本段主要內(nèi)容。故選B。
4.D　細(xì)節(jié)句。本段主旨句為“咨詢當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T過去發(fā)生的滑坡”,分析選項(xiàng)可知,D項(xiàng)“和當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T談?wù)勀闼诘貐^(qū)的滑坡”與本段主旨句意思一致,符合語境。故選D。
5.G　細(xì)節(jié)句。根據(jù)本段主旨句“Make an emergency kit.”可知,本段給出的建議是準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)應(yīng)急包。分析選項(xiàng)可知,G項(xiàng)“應(yīng)急包包含你的一家人在緊急情況下需要的必需品”與本段主旨相關(guān),符合語境。故選G。
【高頻詞匯】　1.occur v.發(fā)生　2.quantity n.數(shù)量
3.extremely adv.極其;非常　4.distance n.距離
5.predict v.預(yù)測;預(yù)料　6.take action采取行動(dòng)
7.analysis n.分析　8.determine v.確定;查明
9.in advance提前
【差距詞匯】　in the event of...如果……發(fā)生
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