資源簡介

　UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
　　Part 1　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.His face is almost the international 　　　　(象征) for genius.
2.The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple(多種)　　　　(因素).
3.　　　　(盡管) so many difficulties in front of her, she didn’t lose heart.
4.The term “hutong”, originally meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan D　　　　.
5.N　　　　English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
Ⅱ.選詞填空
refer to;date back to;play an important role in;ups and downs
　　The old temple in my hometown 1.　　　　　　 600 years ago and went through 2.　　　　　　 in history. When people here 3.　　　　　　 it, they think that it 4.　　　　　　 cultural activities—every year, many kinds of activities are held in this temple.
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1.This website is visited by　　　　　(billion)of people every day.
2.When it comes to the Art Festival, our school held a 　　　　　 of activities, 　　　　　from talent shows to speech contests, with the purpose of improving students’ 　　　　　 abilities. (vary)
3.Although he has suffered a lot, he has a positive attitude 　　　　　his future life.
4.Zhang Guimei regards her students　　　　　her own children; she gives all her love to them.
5.The research shows that the 　　　　　 of senior high students look forward to 　　　　　 in English, thinking English 　　　　　 will find a well-paid job more easily after graduation. (major)
6.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the 　　　　　(globe) black rhino(犀牛) population has dropped as low as 5500.
7.To stay healthy, eating a proper amount of meat is　　　　　great importance.
8.The Amazon rainforest　　　　　(refer) to as the lung of the Earth.
9.　　　　　(base) on a true moving story, the film touched the audience deeply.
10.A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks 　　　　　 tiny creatures lived.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.如果你能給我一些關于如何提升我的英語口語的建議,我將不勝感激。(appreciate)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.
2.We can by no means damage our cultural relics in order to develop the economy.(句式升級,倒裝句)
→　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　damage our cultural relics in order to develop the economy.
3.無論幾點,媽媽總是站在門口,盼著我回家。(一句多譯)
①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, Mom always stands at the door, expecting me to come home.
②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, Mom always stands at the door, expecting me to come home. (讀后續寫—場景描寫)
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
　　China is 　1　(wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 　2　(factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based　3　 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols　4　(become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 　5　(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 　6　 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with　7　(it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 　8　(write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in　9　(globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 　10　 appreciate China’s culture and history.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
　　A statue of Petofi stands in the square in front of Lu Xun Museum in Shanghai,　1　 (welcome) millions of visitors for the traditional friendship between China and Hungary(匈牙利). 　2　time goes by, there is an increasing interest in learning the Chinese language in Hungary.
Varga Bonita, a 19-year-old Hungarian girl　3　 Chinese name is Hu Lingyue, traveled thousands of miles to the East and settled down in Beijing for her university life in the hope of knowing more about China. She 　4　(fall) in love with Chinese, a language with “　5　 special tone and beautiful handwriting” when she first heard Chinese at the age of seven. For her, learning Chinese is not just about mastering a language, but about providing access　6　 a history of 5,000 years with so many interesting aspects. With the　7　(popular) of Chinese in Hungary, signs and symbols in Chinese have been more and more　8　 (common) noticed in streets and Chinese characters are most likely 　9　(see) on bus ticket-selling machines.
Cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and Hungary have brought people closer and closer. There are 　10　 (end) possibilities which have not been explored.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
　　As you already know, living in China requires that you should know some basic Mandarin(普通話). It doesn’t even matter whether you are interested in learning a new language or not. From calling a taxi and ordering food to asking for directions and reading addresses, Chinese is needed. To help more expats in China learn this “mysterious language” called Chinese, I have come up with the following five best online platforms or websites to learn Chinese.
Memrise
It offers different courses and some e-learning tools to teach different languages like Mandarin, French, and English. The learning process is easy and well prepared to suit almost anyone. It facilitates(促進) learning by using the question-and-multiple-answers method along with crowdsourcing materials and flashcards that help the memory process.
Digital Dialects
Do you want to have fun while learning a new language Then Digital Dialects can be what you have been seeking. This website has more than 80 different languages to choose from. In case one language becomes boring, you can try another one. It is free to use games for learning more than 80 languages, which is the feature of the website. Within are games for learning phrases, vocabulary, spelling, conjugation(動詞的詞形變化) and alphabets.
Chinese-
If you don’t want to focus only on learning Chinese but all aspects of China, this website is suitable for you. On this site, you are sure to find everything about modern and traditional China, Chinese learning materials, tools and resources, and language exchange clubs.
Zhongwen.com
Just as the name implies, this website is no friend of time-wasting or long grammar. Just the login page alone is filled with Chinese characters. It’s basically for people with more than basic knowledge of Chinese. You won’t be wrong to regard it as Mandarin Wikipedia.
Learn to Speak Chinese
This was exactly the website I started learning my Chinese from. The site is owned by CCTV. This assures you that the teaching materials are standard and updated. Most of the teaching is through videos. You will be motivated by seeing foreigners speaking fluent Chinese in the videos.
1.What can we learn about Memrise
A.It owns a limited range of target users.　　　　
B.Various learning methods are available.
C.The learning process is more than complicated.　　　　
D.Courses are offered in only Chinese and English.
2.What is the special feature of Digital Dialects
A.The boring learning process.　　　　
B.The cultural knowledge of China.
C.The learning games free of charge.　　　　
D.The courses in 80 different languages.
3.If you want to get the whole picture of China, which of the following is highly recommended
A.Digital Dialects.　　　　B.Chinese-.
C.Zhongwen.com.　　　　D.Learn to Speak Chinese.
B
　　When I was ten years old, I went to the US to visit some family friends. We travelled all the way from California to Las Vegas. I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke English. I was thinking, “This is the way they speak in films!”
At the beginning of the holiday, one of my friends asked me if I wanted to order “French fries”. I couldn’t imagine what French fries were. What was fried and French Snails Cheese She was surprised that I had never tried them and she ordered French fries for us to share. When the waiter brought us some chips, I asked her where the French fries were. She pointed to the plate of chips! Later that week she said she was going to buy some “chips” from the supermarket. She came out with a packet of crisps!
During that holiday we were also offered “biscuits and gravy” with our lunch. This was a very strange idea to me, because in England biscuits are sweet. Gravy(肉汁) is a salty, meat-based sauce. I later realized that “biscuits” in America are savoury snacks. What we call “biscuits”, they call “cookies”.
One day, I saw an “eggplant” pizza on the menu in a restaurant! Eggs do not grow on plants, I thought. What on earth could an “eggplant” be Something eggy and leafy My dad ordered this pizza and it was covered in aubergine(茄子). I asked him where the “eggplant” was. He laughed and pointed to the aubergine. He told me, “We call this ‘eggplant’ in America!”
Although the same “language” may be spoken in different countries, there are likely to be many differences, not just in vocabulary but also in spelling, grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places.
4.What can we learn from paragraph 2
A.Holiday is a good time to relax.　　　
B.French fries are popular worldwide.
C.The waiter provided poor service.　　　
D.Chips and crisps are the same food.
5.Where does the author most probably come from
A.America.　　　B.France.　　　C.England.　　　D.Italy.
6.How did the author feel when seeing an “eggplant” pizza on the menu
A.Excited.　　　B.Regretful.　　　C.Anxious.　　　D.Confused.
7.What is the text mainly about
A.Advantages of travelling.　　　B.High-end restaurants.
C.Food and tradition.　　　D.Cross-cultural misunderstanding.
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
Part 1　Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.symbol　2.factors　3.Despite　4.Dynasty　5.Native
Ⅱ.1.dates back to　2.ups and downs　3.refer to
4.plays an important role in
Ⅲ.1.billions　考查數詞的用法。句意:每天有數十億人瀏覽這個網站。billions of表示“數十億”。故填billions。
類比啟發
billion與具體的數字連用時,表示具體的數量,這時billion后不加-s,如 one billion(十億)、two billion(二十億)、three billion(三十億);當表示概數時,billion前不加具體的數字,billion后要加-s且與of連用,即billions of。有這種用法的詞還有hundred(一百)、thousand(一千)、million(一百萬)。
2.variety;varying;various　考查名詞、現在分詞和形容詞。句意:談到藝術節,我們學校舉辦了各種各樣的活動,從才藝表演到演講比賽,目的是提高學生的各種能力。a variety of意為“各種各樣的”,故第一空填名詞variety;該句中已有謂語(held),所以第二空應填非謂語動詞,提示詞vary與前面的名詞activities為主動關系,故填現在分詞varying;第三空后是復數名詞abilities,故填形容詞various修飾名詞。
3.to/towards　考查介詞。句意:雖然他吃了很多苦,但他對未來的生活持積極的態度。an attitude to/towards...意為“對……的態度”。故填to或towards。
4.as　考查介詞。句意:張桂梅把她的學生視為自己的孩子,她把自己所有的愛都給她們。regard...as...意為“把……視為……”。故填as。
5.majority;majoring;majors　考查名詞、動名詞和名詞復數。句意:研究表明,大多數高中生期待主修英語專業,認為主修英語的學生畢業后更容易找到一份高薪的工作。the majority of...意為“大多數……”,故第一空填majority;major in...意為“主修……(專業)”,第二空位于介詞to后面,故填動名詞majoring;第三空指“主修英語的學生”,結合常識可知主修英語的學生不止一個,故第三空填名詞復數majors。
6.global　考查形容詞。設空處修飾其后的名詞短語black rhino population,應用形容詞。故填global。句意:根據世界野生生物基金會的數據,全球黑犀牛的數量已經下降到5,500頭。
7.of　考查介詞。句意:為了保持健康,吃適量的肉很重要。be of importance=be important,故填of。
8.is referred　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:亞馬孫雨林被稱為地球之肺。此處陳述一般事實,應用一般現在時,且The Amazon rainforest(第三人稱單數)和refer to之間是被動關系,故用一般現在時的被動語態。故填is referred。
9.Based　考查形容詞短語作狀語。句意:這部電影以一個真實感人的故事為基礎,深深地打動了觀眾。be based on...意為“以……為基礎”,此處應用形容詞短語作狀語。故填Based,注意首字母大寫。
10.where　考查定語從句。句意:例如,一條骯臟的小溪在流過植物和住著微小生物的巖石后,常常會變得清澈。 設空處無提示詞, 空前內容主干完整,空后lived后面缺地點狀語,結合語境可知“Tiny creatures lived on the rocks.”所以設空處引導定語從句,先行詞是rocks,關系詞在從句中作地點狀語。故填where。
Ⅳ.1.I would appreciate it if　2.By no means can we
3.①No matter what the time is/No matter what time it is
②Whatever the time is/Whatever time it is
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.widely　考查副詞。be widely known for...因……而廣為人知。句意:中國因其古老的文明而廣為人知,這種古老的文明一直延續到現在。
2.factors　考查名詞復數。one of the后接可數名詞復數。故填factors。句意:這其中的一個主要因素就是漢語書寫體系。
3.on　考查介詞。be based on...以……為基礎,故填介詞on。
4.had become　考查動詞的時態。由時間狀語By the Shang Dynasty可知,此處指在過去某一時間之前完成的動作,故用過去完成時。句意:到了商朝,這些符號已經成為一套成熟的書寫體系。
5.leading　考查現在分詞。分析句子結構,設空處前面的主句和從句已有謂語動詞,且設空處前面只有逗號,沒有連詞,故推測設空處應填非謂語動詞。設空處前面表示“由于人們生活在不同的地方”,后面表示“產生了許多種方言和文字”,所以設空處表示自然而然的結果,應用現在分詞。
6.an　考查冠詞。play an important part in...在……中起重要的作用。important的發音以元音音素開頭,故填不定冠詞an。
7.its　考查代詞。這里指“中國的現在和它的過去被連接起來”,應用形容詞性物主代詞its。
8.written　考查過去分詞。這里指“由古代中國人寫的經典作品”,設空處作后置定語修飾名詞短語classic works,且classic works與write之間為被動關系,故填過去分詞written。
9.global　考查形容詞。設空處作定語,修飾名詞affairs,故填形容詞global,global affairs表示“全球事務”。
10.and　考查連詞。這里指“越來越多的國際學生開始學習漢語并欣賞中國的文化和歷史”,前后內容為遞進關系,故填連詞and。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了匈牙利女孩學習漢語的經歷,同時在匈牙利,人們學習漢語的興趣也越來越濃厚。
1.welcoming　考查現在分詞。該句的謂語是stands,且逗號后面沒有連詞,所以設空處應填非謂語動詞。提示詞welcome和句子主語A statue of Petofi之間是主動關系,因此設空處用現在分詞作狀語,故填welcoming。句意:裴多菲的雕像矗立在上海魯迅紀念館前面的廣場上,歡迎為中匈兩國的傳統友誼而來的數百萬游客。
2.As　考查連詞。句意:隨著時間的推移,匈牙利人對學習漢語的興趣越來越濃厚。設空處引導時間狀語從句,表示“隨著”,應用連詞as,設空處位于句首,首字母大寫。故填As。
易錯歸因
本題易誤填With。with time going by是with的復合結構,其標志是非謂語動詞going;as time goes by是時間狀語從句,其標志是謂語動詞goes。
3.whose　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,空前是名詞girl,結合語境可知“the 19-year-old Hungarian girl’s Chinese name is Hu Lingyue”,所以推測設空處引導定語從句,且在從句中作定語,表示所屬關系,故填whose。句意:Varga Bonita,一個19歲的中文名叫胡靈月的匈牙利女孩,千里迢迢來到東方,在北京定居,開始了她的大學生活,她希望能更多地了解中國。
4.fell　考查時態。由at the age of seven可知,句子時態用一般過去時,故填fell。
5.a　考查冠詞。句意:當她七歲第一次聽到漢語時,她就愛上了漢語,這是一種“音調特別,字跡優美”的語言。tone意為“音調”,是可數名詞的單數形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠詞,special的發音以輔音音素開頭,故填a。
6.to　考查介詞。access to意為“接觸、使用或見到……的機會”,故填to。
7.popularity　考查名詞。根據空前后的the和of可知,設空處應填名詞,popular的名詞是popularity,意為“流行;普及”,是不可數名詞,故填popularity。句意:隨著漢語在匈牙利的流行,中文標志和符號在街道上越來越頻繁地被注意到,漢字在公交車售票機上最可能被看到。
8.commonly　考查副詞。設空處修飾動詞noticed,且前面有more and more修飾,故填副詞commonly,意為“頻繁地”。
9.to be seen　考查不定式的被動式。be likely to do sth.意為“可能做某事”,所以設空處填動詞不定式,Chinese characters 與提示詞see之間是被動關系,因此要用不定式的被動式,故填to be seen。
10.endless　考查形容詞。句意:有無限的可能性尚未被探索。設空處修飾名詞possibilities,根據語境可知應填形容詞endless,意為“無限的”。
【高頻詞匯】　1.go by (時間)流逝　2.settle down 定居
3.fall in love with... 愛上　4.tone n.聲調,語調
5.master v.掌握　6.access n.(接觸或見到的)機會
7.aspect n.方面　8.explore v.探索
【差距詞匯】　mutual adj.相互的;共有的
長難句
原句　With the popularity of Chinese in Hungary, signs and symbols in Chinese have been more and more commonly noticed in streets and Chinese characters are most likely to be seen on bus ticket-selling machines.
分析　該句中with短語作狀語,第三個and連接兩個并列分句。
譯文　隨著漢語在匈牙利的流行,中文標志和符號在街道上越來越頻繁地被注意到,漢字在公交車售票機上最可能被看到。
Ⅲ. A
◎語篇解讀　本文介紹了幾個學習中文的網站,它們可以幫助在中國居住的外國人學習漢語、了解中國文化。
1.B　細節理解題。由題干關鍵信息Memrise定位到文章第二段,由第二段中的最后一句可知,它通過使用一個問題和多種答案的方法以及眾包材料和幫助記憶的抽認卡來促進學習。由此得出,在該網站中,學習的方法多種多樣。故選B。
2.C　細節理解題。由題干關鍵信息Digital Dialects定位到文章第三段,由第三段中的倒數第二句可知,在該網站中,使用者可以免費利用游戲來學習語言,這是這個網站的特色。故選C。
易錯歸因
本題容易誤選D項,該網站的特色是通過免費的游戲來學習80多種語言,D項“80種不同的語言的課程”在數量上與原文產生了偏差(80與80多)。
3.B　細節理解題。由第四段中的“If you don’t want to focus only on learning Chinese but all aspects of China, this website is suitable for you.”可知,Chinese-這個網站可以幫助人們全面了解中國。故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.come up with提出,想出　2.platform n.平臺;站臺;講臺　3.in case如果　4.feature n.特色;特點 v.以……為特色　5.focus on集中精力于　6.aspect n.方面　7.suitable adj.合適的　8.resource n.資源 9.update v.更新　10.fluent adj.流利的
【差距詞匯】　1.expat n.僑民　2.multiple adj.多種多樣的　3.alphabet n.字母表　4.assure v.向……保證
長難句
原句　It facilitates learning by using the question-and-multiple-answers method along with crowdsourcing materials and flashcards that help the memory process.
分析　本句的主干是It facilitates learning。by using...為介詞短語作方式狀語;在方式狀語中,that為關系代詞,引導定語從句,修飾先行詞flashcards。
譯文　它通過使用一個問題和多種答案的方法以及眾包材料和幫助記憶過程的抽認卡來促進學習。
B
◎語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在十歲時去美國游玩的經歷,在游玩期間,作者在美國發現了英式英語和美式英語在用詞方面的不同。
4.D　細節理解題。根據第二段中的關鍵信息“she said she was going to buy some ‘chips’” 和“She came out with a packet of crisps!”可知,chips和crisps是同一種食物。故選D。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第三段的“This was a very strange idea to me, because in England biscuits are sweet.”可推知,作者可能來自英國。故選C。
6.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段的“What on earth could an ‘eggplant’ be Something eggy and leafy ”可知,當看到菜單上的“eggplant”比薩餅時,作者感到困惑。故選D。
7.D　主旨大意題。
根據文章結構可知,本文主要講述了作者去美國探訪朋友期間經歷的幾件讓作者誤解的小事,反映了英式英語和美式英語的不同。由此可知,這篇文章的主要內容是跨文化誤解。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.all the way一路上　2.point to 指向
3.on earth 到底;究竟
【差距詞匯】　1.packet n.小包,小袋　2.savoury adj.咸味的　3.leafy adj.多葉的;茂密的
長難句
原句　I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places.
分析　該句是一個主從復合句。謂語動詞think后是省略了that的賓語從句;在賓語從句中動名詞短語discovering...作表語;how引導賓語從句,作介詞in的賓語。
譯文　我認為學習一門語言的部分興奮之處在于發現不同地方說這種語言的差異。
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