資源簡介

Part 3　Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.This can lead to the kinds of 　　　　(錯誤) no human would make.
2.The doctor recommended that you should exercise regularly and go on a d　　　　.
Ⅱ.一詞多義
1.The manager stressed the importance of good teamwork.
詞性:　　　　詞義:　　　　
2.The final exam is coming;all of us are under stress.
詞性:　　　　詞義:　　　　
3.My father works out in the gym two or three times a week.
詞義:　　　　
4.It took her several days to work out what caused the fire.
詞義:　　　　
5.The flight leaves in fifty minutes. If we take a taxi, we should make it. 詞義:　　　　
6.I experimented many times and finally I made it.
詞義:　　　　
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1.She is positive 　　　　　what the future might bring.
2.We Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival 　　　　　honour of Qu Yuan.
3.The training is super hard,but the hardest part for me is that I got an　　　　　(injure).
4.As a lover of the slow life, I prefer going 　　　　　(jog) to running a marathon.
5.John quit his job yesterday because he felt it was too 　　　　　(stress).
6.I listen to music for a while now 　　　　　then, which is a good way to relax.
7.Following the doctor’s advice, he cut 　　　　　drinking and smoking.
8.On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed 　　　　　 a cross-country race in Minnesota.
9.(易錯題)If you succeed in giving up　　　　　(take) much sugar and fat, you may find yourself much 　　　　　(slim).
pared 　　　　　adults, children are more eager to explore the world around them.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.說實話,他的幫助對我產生了影響。 (difference)
To be honest, his help has 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 me.
2.我認為即使我們輸了這場比賽,這也是一種勝利。
I felt that it would be a victory 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
3.我認為根據能力讓學生結對比較好,而不是隨機讓他們結對。
I think it would be better to pair up the students according to their ability, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 them up randomly.
4.(易錯題)——你沒有個人成長計劃,對吧
——是的,我沒有。
—You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you
—　　　　, I　　　　.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
　　Kayla was a girl　1　 always wanted to be like those slim girls on TV, even though she knew it was just a dream. She worried about her weight and tried every new diet she read about online, such as no-fat, low-fat, 5∶2, only bananas, no bananas, and she almost 　2　(go)crazy.
Then one day in an article, she saw the words “Instead of asking ‘Am I fat ’, I should be asking ‘Am I fit ’”, which made much difference to her. Once she started thinking about 　3　(fit) rather than weight, the changes began. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”, she would say “I want to run two kilometers in eight minutes”　4　 “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”. Rather than cutting out her favorite foods, she added healthy foods 　5　 her meals. For example, she could still have a burger sometimes, but she added a salad or an apple. Finally, Kayla stopped 　6　(compare) herself with those actresses and models. Instead, she thought 　7　(positive) about 　8　(she) and her body through making 　9　 list of the things she liked about herself. She became both happier and 　10　(healthy).
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Many people care about the advantages of a healthy lifestyle, but what does that 　1　(actual) mean Healthy living is about taking　2　(responsible)for your decisions and choices for today and for the future. A healthy lifestyle generally 　3　(consider) as a “balanced life” in which one makes “wise choices”. It is a valuable resource for reducing health problems, relieving life stress, and improving the quality of life.
The right nutrition is necessary for a healthy lifestyle. You require a well-balanced diet every day in order to get proper amounts of vitamins, proteins and minerals 　4　(need) by your body. Physical fitness keeps your weight in check and prevents heart attacks and other　5　(harm) effects(影響).Basically, there are so many benefits of exercising 　6　 you really can live a full life with it.
Emotional stress plays　7　important role in many illnesses, both directly and indirectly. People are also more likely　8　(smoke), overeat, drink too much, argue　9　others and so on when they are feeling stressed. Thus, stress management and relaxation techniques are the key part of having a healthy life. Being healthy　　10　　(be) so important, so don’t hesitate to start a healthy lifestyle right now.
1.　　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　　
4.　　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　
7.　　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　　

Ⅲ.閱讀理解
Do you want to go to play basketball, soccer or badminton in between hitting the books Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.
Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health & Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully develop. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who often do activities show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement in babyhood.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who had a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. Also, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as yoga or tai chi in the gym, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
1.What is the main idea of this text
A.How to exercise every week.　　　
B.How exercise makes people strong.
C.How exercise helps the brain develop.　　　
D.How the brain can change one’s memory.
2.According to the text, what is the connection between exercise and brain development
A.Exercise helps soften our blood vessels.　　　
B.Physical exercise helps us think better.
C.The brain needs special mental exercise.　　　
D.The more exercise, the bigger brain.
3.Why is yoga suggested to seniors
A.It can be done in groups.　　　
B.It does good to the bones of old people.
C.It does not increase the heart rate.　　　
D.It includes learning new skills.
4.Why is making the heart rate increase through physical activities useful
A.It can improve the brain’s flow of blood.
B.It can slow down the brain’s flow of blood.
C.It can change older people’s mood for the better.
D.It can make seniors forget previous terrible things.
Ⅳ.七選五
　　Brain breaks are short, physical activities that, when placed in periods of study, can help improve students’ attention, efficiency, enjoyment and creativity.　1　. You can just do a set of jumping jacks(跳躍運動) or high knees before going back to schoolwork—at home or at school.
In the classroom, teachers might use brain breaks from kids’ fitness programs like GoNoodle or HOPSports. These short physical activities, which are often set in cheerful music, encourage kids to move around and reset their brains so that they can better concentrate on their study. 　2　. Periodic bursts of exercise can reduce stress and school-related frustration(沮喪), clearing the way back to learning.
At home, you can use brain breaks in much the same way as teachers do. If your child is struggling with homework, whether this is due to trying to understand challenging material or simply staying on a task, have them do one or two of these activities. They’re a simple way to fight frustration and boredom while improving attention. 　3　.
Research shows that shorter breaks are more effective for many kids, with younger kids maxing out(達到最高限度)after about 10 minutes and older kids up to a half hour or more.　4　. So choose the brain break timing according to your child’s specific needs, attention span, and learning style. And create a reliable schedule with timed activities that won’t take up too much time meant for study.
　5　. Make it clear to your kid how long the brain breaks and schoolwork will last. This system gives your child structure(周密安排) and can make study and doing activities more fun and exciting.
A.Tell your child in advance
B.These breaks can be very simple
C.But the right balance will differ among kids
D.Plus they can help meet your child’s daily need for physical activities
E.For some kids, it’s easy to become addicted and try to avoid returning to their tasks
F.School-based brain break programs often use videos to set the scene for students
G.Besides the physical advantages, brain breaks are good for kids’ mental health
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS
Part 3　Reading for Writing, Assessing
Your Progress & Video Time
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.errors　2.diet
Ⅱ.1.動詞;強調　句意:經理強調了良好的團隊合作的重要性。
2.名詞;壓力　句意:期末考試就要到了,我們都處在壓力之下。
3.鍛煉　句意:我爸爸每周去健身房鍛煉兩到三次。
4.弄清楚　句意:她花了幾天的時間才弄清楚是什么引起了這場火災。
5.準時到達　句意:班機再過五十分鐘起飛。如果我們打車,我們應該會準時到達。
6.獲得成功　句意:我進行了很多次實驗,終于獲得了成功。
Ⅲ.1.about　考查介詞。be positive about...意為“對……積極樂觀”。句意:她對未來可能發生的事很樂觀。
2.in　考查介詞。in honour of...意為“為了紀念……”。故填in。句意:我們中國人慶祝端午節以紀念屈原。
3.injury　考查名詞。根據空前的不定冠詞an可知設空處應填單數名詞形式,injure的名詞為injury。故填injury。
4.jogging　考查固定搭配。go jogging意為“去慢跑”。故填jogging。句意:作為一個慢生活的熱愛者,我喜歡慢跑多于跑馬拉松。
5.stressful　考查形容詞。句意:約翰昨天辭職了,因為他覺得這份工作壓力太大了。設空處作表語,說明指物的it,表示“使緊張的;壓力重的”。故填stressful。
6.and　考查固定搭配。句意:我偶爾聽一會兒音樂,這是一種放松的好方式。now and then意為“有時,偶爾”。故填and。
7.out　考查動詞短語。句意:他聽從了醫生的建議,戒掉了煙和酒。cut out意為“停止做(或使用、食用)”。故填out。
8.in　考查介詞。compete in...意為“參加……比賽”。故填in。句意:10月11日,數百名跑步者在明尼蘇達州參加了一場越野賽跑。
9.taking;slimmer考查動名詞和形容詞比較級。句意:如果你成功地放棄了攝入大量的糖和脂肪,你可能會發現自己苗條了很多。第一空位于giving up后面,應用動名詞形式,give up doing sth.意為“放棄做某事”,故第一空填taking;第二空是“find+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,結合句意可知,空處有與以前比較之意,表示“與以前相比苗條得多”,應用形容詞的比較級。故填slimmer。
易錯歸因
本題第二空slim的比較級容易拼寫錯誤,注意要雙寫最后的m,再加-er。
10.with/to　考查介詞。句意:與成年人相比,孩子們更渴望探索周圍的世界。compared with/to...意為“與……相比”,置于句首作狀語。故填with或to。
Ⅳ.1.made a difference to/in　2.even if/even though we lost the game/match/competition　3.rather than pairing/pair 　4.No;don’t
易錯歸因
本題的第一空容易錯填Yes,原因在于沒有注意到上面的附加疑問句為前否后肯。附加疑問句的答語要與事實一致,回答前否后肯的句子時,答語中的yes常譯成“不”,no譯成“是”,同時答語內部保持一致,即yes后跟肯定結構,no后跟否定結構。
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.who/that　考查定語從句。設空處前面句子內容完整(Kayla是一個女孩),后面內容缺主語(總想像電視上那些苗條的女孩一樣),分析句子可知后面內容的主語即前面的girl,由此推測設空處引導定語從句,代替先行詞girl在從句中作主語,先行詞指人,故用who或that。
2.went　考查時態。由and前面的分句中的“worried about her weight and tried every new diet”可知這里應用一般過去時,故填went。
3.fitness　考查名詞。設空處前有介詞,故此處填名詞fitness。think about fitness表示“考慮健康”。
4.or　考查連詞。設空處前文“我想在8分鐘內跑兩公里”和后文“我希望能做30個俯臥撐”為選擇關系,即“她會說……或……”,故填or。
5.to　考查介詞。add sth. to sth.為固定搭配,意為“把某物加到某物里”,故填介詞to。
6.comparing　考查動名詞。stop doing sth.為固定搭配,意為“停止做某事”,故填動名詞comparing。句意:最終,Kayla不再拿自己與那些女演員和模特兒進行比較。
易錯歸因
該題易錯填to compare。 stop to do sth.也是固定搭配,意為“停下來去做某事”,該含義與文章語境矛盾,故可排除。
類比啟發
常見的接動名詞和不定式作賓語意思差異較大的動詞搭配還有:
forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還沒做)
forget doing sth.忘記曾經做過某事(已經做了)
remember to do sth.記得要去做某事(還沒做)
remember doing sth.記得曾經做過某事(已經做了)
7.positively　考查副詞。設空處修飾前面的動詞thought,應用副詞形式,故填positively。
8.herself　考查反身代詞。設空處前有介詞about,故此處作賓語,又因主句主語是she,提示詞也是she,主語和賓語為同一個人,故填反身代詞herself,表示“她從積極的角度思考自己”。
9.a　考查冠詞。make a list of...表示“做一個……的清單”,故填a。
10.healthier　考查形容詞比較級。此處and連接兩個并列成分,因為happier為形容詞的比較級,故此處也應填形容詞比較級healthier。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文,介紹了健康的生活方式的好處以及如何才能保持健康的生活方式。
1.actually　考查副詞。設空處位于主語(that)和謂語(mean)之間,提示詞為形容詞,所以應用副詞形式作狀語。故填actually。句意:很多人關心健康生活方式的好處,但是健康的生活方式事實上是什么意思呢
2.responsibility　考查名詞。take responsibility for...是固定短語,意為“對……負責”。故填responsibility。句意:健康生活是對你今天和未來的決定和選擇負責。
3.is considered　考查時態、語態和主謂一致。設空處是句子的謂語,根據上下文的時態可知,這里描述的是一般性概念,時態應用一般現在時;本句主語是“A healthy lifestyle”,表示單數意義,與提示詞consider有被動關系(consider a healthy lifestyle as a “balanced life”),所以用被動語態。故填is considered。句意:健康的生活方式通常被認為是一種“平衡的生活”,在這種生活中人們會做出“明智的選擇”。
4.needed　考查過去分詞。本句謂語動詞是require,所以設空處應填非謂語動詞。提示詞need與前面的“proper amounts of vitamins, proteins and minerals”為被動關系,故用過去分詞作后置定語。故填needed。句意:你每天需要均衡的飲食,以獲得身體所需的適量的維生素、蛋白質和礦物質。
5.harmful　考查形容詞。設空處修飾空后的名詞effects,作定語,故用形容詞形式。故填harmful,表示 “有害的”。
6.that　考查結果狀語從句引導詞?？涨安糠忠鉃椤盎旧?鍛煉有很多好處”,空后部分意為“有了它,你真的可以過充實的生活”。設空處無提示詞,根據空前后內容并結合空前的so many可知,該句為so...that...句型,表示“如此……以至于……”,故設空處應用that引導結果狀語從句。
7.an　考查冠詞。play an important role in...為固定短語,意為“在……中起著重要作用”。故填an。句意:情緒壓力以直接和間接的方式對許多疾病的發生起著重要作用。
8.to smoke　考查不定式。be likely to do sth.意為“有可能做某事”。故填to smoke。句意:當人們感到壓力時,他們也更有可能吸煙、暴食、酗酒、與他人爭吵等。
9.with　考查介詞。argue with...意為“和……爭吵”。故填with。
10.is　考查動詞時態和主謂一致。設空處是本句的謂語,根據上下文時態可知,設空處用一般現在時,且主語是動名詞短語“Being healthy”,表示單數意義。故填is。
【高頻詞匯】　1.reduce v.減少　2.relieve vt.解除;緩解
3.quality n.質量;品質　4.nutrition n.營養
5.amount n.量,數量 　6.vitamin n.維生素　7.protein n.蛋白質　8.heart attack n.心臟病發作　9.hesitate v.猶豫;遲疑;顧慮
【熟詞生義】　resource n.對策
【差距詞匯】　 keep...in check控制
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。研究表明,運動不僅可以促進嬰兒的大腦發育,而且對老年人的大腦也會產生影響。
1.C　主旨大意題。
Para.1 提出運動和大腦發育之間存在關系
Para.2 研究發現,運動可以引起大腦的生理變化,使人們更好地思考
Para.3 運動對嬰兒大腦發育的作用
Para.4 運動也可以對老年人的大腦產生影響
根據文章各段內容可知,這篇文章圍繞著“運動與大腦發育/發展的關系”展開,所以C項“運動如何幫助大腦發育/發展”能夠概括本文主旨。故選C。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第二段第三句“Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better.”可知,運動有助于我們更好地思考。故選B。
3.D　細節理解題。根據最后一段第四句“Learning some new skills or actions, such as yoga or tai chi in the gym, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.”可知,作者在文中建議老年人做瑜伽是因為瑜伽可以學習新技能,這樣就會打開大腦中很久未使用的記憶路徑。故選D。
4.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段倒數第二、三句“For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood.”可知,通過體力活動提高心率是有用的,它的主要目標是增加大腦的血液流動。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.in between在……之間　2.effect n.影響;結果　3.disability n.缺陷;障礙　4.result from因……產生　5.lack n.缺乏;短缺　6.benefit from 從……受益
【熟詞生義】　hit the books用功學習
長難句
原句　Learning some new skills or actions, such as yoga or tai chi in the gym, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
分析　該句為主從復合句。動名詞短語Learning some new skills or actions作主語,helps為主句謂語;關系代詞that引導一個限制性定語從句且在從句中作主語,修飾先行詞memory paths。
譯文　在健身房里學習一些新的技能或動作,比如瑜伽或太極,有助于打開大腦中可能很久沒有使用過的記憶路徑。
Ⅳ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文,文章主要介紹了大腦休息(brain breaks)及其益處。
1.B　細節句。上文介紹了什么是大腦休息,下文列舉了跳躍運動和高膝運動,B項中的These breaks指代首句中的Brain breaks,simple與下文中的“You can just do”呼應。故B項符合語境。
2.G　過渡句。 設空處上文主要講教室里的大腦休息能夠鼓勵學生活動,使大腦得到調整;下文講定期鍛煉可以減少壓力和與學校相關的沮喪,從而使孩子們更好地繼續學習。G項(除了身體方面的好處,大腦休息對孩子們的心理健康也有好處)承上啟下,從大腦休息對身體的好處過渡到對心理的好處。G項中的mental health與下文中的“reduce stress and school-related frustration”呼應。
3.D　細節句。該段主要圍繞家庭中的大腦休息展開,設空處上文提到“它們是一種對抗沮喪和無聊的簡單方法,同時提高注意力”,這是家庭中的大腦休息的好處。D項(此外,它們還可以幫助滿足你的孩子對體育活動的日常需求)也是家庭中的大腦休息的好處,是對上文的進一步補充,故選D。D項中的your child’s與本段第二句中的your child呼應。
4.C　過渡句。設空處與上下文構成的語境為:較短的休息對很多孩子更有效,較小的孩子10分鐘左右就能達到極限,較大的孩子多達半個小時或更長的時間才能達到極限→　4　→所以要根據孩子的具體需求、注意力持續時間和學習方式來選擇大腦休息的時間。C項(但是,恰當的平衡會因孩子而異)承接上文,引起下文。C項中的“differ among kids”與下文中的“according to your child’s specific needs...”呼應,故選C。
5.A　主旨句。本段主要說明要告知孩子大腦休息和學校作業的持續時間,這樣會使學習和活動變得更有趣。故A項(提前告知孩子)符合語境。A項中的Tell與下文中的“Make it clear”呼應。
易錯歸因
本空易誤選E項(對一些孩子來說,很容易上癮并試圖避免回到他們的任務中去),原因在于E項與下一句(向你的孩子講清楚大腦休息和學校作業將持續多長時間)構成因果關系。但E項與最后一句顯然沒有關系,本段也不是在講大腦休息的負面影響,故排除E項。
【高頻詞匯】　1.cheerful adj.令人愉快的　2.concentrate on...集中注意力于……　3.reduce v.減少　4.struggle with疲于應付,艱難處理　5.effective adj.有效的　6.up to至多有　7.reliable adj.可靠的;可信賴的　8.schedule n.時間表　9.take up占用　10.in advance提前
【差距詞匯】　span n.持續時間;跨度;范圍
長難句
原句　Brain breaks are short, physical activities that, when placed in periods of study, can help improve students’ attention, efficiency, enjoyment and creativity.
分析　此句為主從復合句。主句為“Brain breaks are short, physical activities”;that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞activities;when引導省略主語和be動詞的時間狀語從句。
譯文　大腦休息即短時間的體育運動,當它們在學習期間進行時,可以幫助提高學生的注意力、效率、樂趣和創造力。
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