資源簡介 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTPart 1 Reading and Thinking基礎過關練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.A man can be destroyed but not (打敗). 2.Further information can be (獲得) from our head office. 3.Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反饋) is (關鍵的) to growth. 4.It can be found in many places in nature—fireflies, some mushrooms—but (主要地) in the deep sea. Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.After an (analyse) of the species, the research team confirmed it as a new species. 2.What makes the writer unique is not only his great works but also his (commit) to what he loves. 3.However, technology is also the application of (science) knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways. 4.【易錯題】Here's some (boil) water. Have a drink whenever you're thirsty. 5. (academy) grades rarely evaluate qualities like creativity, leadership and teamwork skills, or social, emotional and political intelligence. 6.(2020浙江7月)I couldn't see Don, but as I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road, (apparent) unhurt, and dashed back to me. 7.The effectiveness of this medicine (evaluate) by these scientists the other day. 8.First of all, I'm very grateful to my teacher, Mrs Chopra, trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here. Ⅲ.選詞填空commit oneself to; be vital to/for; graduate from; be acknowledged as; (be) distinct fromMadam Curie 1. an outstanding female genius. 2. senior high school, she worked as a tutor. 3. other girls, her dream was to become a scientist. Therefore, she 4. the scientific research. Finally, she succeeded in discovering two kinds of radioactive elements with her husband, which 5. physics and chemistry. Ⅳ.完成句子1.眾所周知,睡眠在保持身心健康方面發揮著重要的作用。(as,vital) , sleep keeping healthy physically and mentally. 2.如果你的夢想是成為佼佼者并登上領獎臺,你最好完全致力于你的運動。(committed)If your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform, you had better your sport. 3.科學營將于下個月開營,目的是鼓勵更多的學生投身科學研究。(objective)The science camp will open next month more students to throw themselves into research. 4.我的朋友堅持要開車送我去那兒,我在這寒冷的日子里感到了溫暖。(一句多譯)①My friend me there, and I felt warmth in the cold day. (insist on) ②My friend me there,and I felt warmth in the cold day.(insist that...) (讀后續寫—友情) 能力提升練Ⅰ.課文語法填空Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist with great 1 (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 2 was formed by the Chinese government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 3 malaria. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 4 (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 5 (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat, whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by 6 (boil) the sweet wormwood, she began even 7 (careful) thinking and research work. She drew 8 conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood destroyed 9 (it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 10 (draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ⅱ.語法填空Many great people in the world commit themselves to 1 (improve) society in their own ways. For example, Jane Goodall, a woman from Britain, would rather spend time studying chimps(黑猩猩) in the wild in Africa than lead 2 comfortable life. For 40 years she has been outspoken (直率的) in making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps. Lin Qiaozhi, a 3 (special) in women's diseases, is another woman who has made remarkable achievements. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi,tired after a day's work,went late at night 4 (deliver) a baby for a poor family, 5 could not pay her. It was because of her hard work and great 6 (consider) for her patients 7 tens of thousands of babies were delivered 8 (safe) by her. A third example is Yuan Longping, the first 9 (agriculture) pioneer in the world to grow hybrid rice. Using his hybrid rice, farmers 10 (produce) many more harvests in the past few decades. Therefore, now the UN has more scientific tools in the battle against hunger in the world. In short, so impressive is their work that they all deserve praising and learning from. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ⅲ.閱讀理解AGeorge Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Ohio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education off and on. However, it was added by intense home study so that by 1892, he was teaching in a public school, and later attending Antioch College. In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed the civil service exam, and took up a position as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining as well as evaluating the plants and animals of the Chesapeake Bay and the Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D. paper. And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel's example, Shull obtained purebred(純種的) lines of corn through self-pollination(自花受粉). The purebred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the purebred lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. As a consequence, he immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy and device to improve crop yields.In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editor for ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals.Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren.1.What does the underlined part “off and on” in Paragraph 1 mean A.Not surprisingly. B.Very formally. C.Very excellently. D.Not regularly.2.What's Paragraph 2 mainly about A.George Shull's contributions. B.George Shull's research.C.George Shull's work experience. D.George Shull's education.3.What was so special about Shull's method of corn breeding A.It completely relied on self-pollination. B.It was first published in Genetics.C.It was widely accepted in Ohio. D.It focused on crossing purebred lines.4.How does the author mainly develop the text A.By giving examples. B.By following time order.C.By making comparisons. D.By presenting a scientific study.BThree scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G. Kaelin Jr of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of Oxford University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns Hopkins University were jointly awarded the prize.“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel Prize winners showed life's most adaptive processes,”Randall Johnson, a member of the Nobel Assembly at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said. “The three physicians found the molecular switch(分子開關) that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability,” Johnson said. “As an embryo(胚胎) grows and develops, and as muscles work, the oxygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to the amount of oxygen they have, while still doing their important jobs.”The committee said that the discoveries were vital for physiology and could exploit new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases.Kaelin was born in New York and received his doctorate in medicine from Duke University. He received his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston.Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire, the United Kingdom, and studied medicine at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and received his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a B.A. in biology from Harvard and his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. He received his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.5.What can we know about the three scientists A.They studied different fields. B.They shared one prize.C.They researched heart disease. D.They found the function of embryos.6.What did Johnson think of the discoveries A.Important. B.Meaningless. C.Interesting. D.Disappointing.7.What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about A.The three scientists' achievements. B.The influence of the discoveries.C.The example set by the three scientists. D.The introduction of the three scientists.答案與分層梯度式解析UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENTPart 1 Reading and Thinking基礎過關練Ⅰ.1.defeated 2.obtained 3.crucial/vital 4.mostlyⅡ.1.analysis 考查名詞。根據空前的不定冠詞an和空后的介詞of可知設空處應用名詞;analyse的名詞形式是analysis,意為“分析”。故填analysis。句意:經過對該物種的分析,研究團隊確認它為新物種。2.commitment 考查名詞。由設空處前面的his和后面的to可知此處應填名詞commitment,one's commitment to sth.表示“某人對某事物的投入”。句意:令這位作家獨一無二的不僅是他偉大的作品,還有他對所熱愛的事情的投入。3.scientific 考查形容詞。設空處修飾其后的名詞knowledge,應用形容詞,故填scientific。scientific knowledge意為“科學知識”。4.boiled 考查過去分詞。句意:這里有一些燒開過的水。你渴的時候可以喝。boiled water意為“燒開過的水,白開水”,故填boiled。易錯歸因 此處有同學會填boiling,但boiling water 意為“正在沸騰的水”,這不符合本題的語境,故不能填boiling。5.Academic 考查形容詞。設空處修飾其后的名詞grades,所以此處應用形容詞,且置于句首,故填Academic。academic grades 意為“學術成績”。句意:學術成績很少評估像創造力、領導力和團隊合作能力,或社交智能、情商和政治才智這樣的素質。6.apparently 考查副詞。設空處前面為逗號,后面為形容詞unhurt,故應用副詞作狀語,故填apparently,意為“顯然”。7.was evaluated 考查時態、語態和主謂一致。分析句子成分可知,設空處作謂語,由句中的時間狀語the other day可知此處應用一般過去時,此處指“這種藥的有效性在幾天前被這些科學家評估過了”,The effectiveness和evaluate之間是被動關系,且主語是第三人稱單數,故填was evaluated。8.who 考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞。設空處無提示詞,且前面有逗號,逗號前面是完整的一句話, trusted me and offered me the chance to make a speech here中缺少主語,結合語境可知,“信任我并給我在這里發表演講的機會”的人是Chopra夫人,故設空處引導非限制性定語從句,且先行詞為Mrs Chopra,故此處應用引導詞who。句意:首先,我非常感謝我的老師Chopra夫人,她信任我并給我在這里發表演講的機會。 Ⅲ.1.is acknowledged as 2.Graduating from 3.Distinct from 4.committed herself to 5.are vital to/forⅣ.1.As we all know;plays a vital role in 2.be totally committed to 3.with the objective of encouraging;scientific4.①insisted on driving ②insisted that he/she should drive能力提升練Ⅰ.1.achievements 考查名詞及其單復數。設空處作with的賓語且根據空前的形容詞great可知設空處應用名詞,achieve的名詞形式為achievement;此處指屠呦呦被普遍認為是一個有偉大成就的科學家,設空處表示“成就”;achievement表示“成就”時是可數名詞,空前沒有冠詞等限定詞,應用其復數形式。故填achievements。2.that/which 考查關系代詞。設空處前為名詞短語a research team, 2 was formed by the Chinese government中缺少主語,故推測設空處引導定語從句,先行詞為a research team,指物,故用關系代詞that或which。 3.for 考查介詞。(a) treatment for...意為“治療……的方法”,a new treatment for malaria意為“一種治療瘧疾的新方法”,故填for。4.evaluated 考查動詞的時態。設空處和句中的examined、tested作并列謂語,應用一般過去時,故填evaluated。5.committed 考查形容詞。設空處與patient并列作定語修飾名詞scientist,應用形容詞。此處表示“盡心盡力的”,故填committed。6.boiling 考查動名詞。by為介詞,后接名詞、動名詞,提示詞為動詞,故用動名詞。by doing sth.意為“通過做某事”。7.more careful 考查形容詞的比較級。此處指她開始了甚至更加仔細的思考和研究工作,含有比較的意思,且前面有even修飾,故應用形容詞的比較級。故填more careful。8.the/a 考查冠詞。draw the/a conclusion that...意為“得出那個/一個……的結論”。故填the或a。9.its 考查形容詞性物主代詞。此處指破壞了它的藥用性質,設空處修飾空后的名詞properties,應用形容詞性物主代詞its。10.to draw 考查動詞不定式。use sth. to do sth.意為“使用某物做某事”。故填to draw。Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀 這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了世界上幾位致力于改善社會的偉大人物。1.improving 考查動名詞。 commit oneself to doing sth. 意為“致力于做某事”,故填improving。2.a 考查冠詞。lead a(n)...life意為“過著……生活”,此處泛指一種舒適的生活,且comfortable的發音以輔音音素開頭,故用不定冠詞a。3.specialist 考查名詞。結合不定冠詞a可知,這里應用可數名詞單數specialist(專家)作Lin Qiaozhi的同位語。故填specialist。4.to deliver 考查不定式。句意:數不勝數的故事講述著林巧稚如何在一天的工作之后,拖著疲憊不堪的身體在深夜去為貧苦家庭的產婦接生,而這些家庭不能給她報酬。設空處在這里作目的狀語。故填動詞不定式to deliver。5.who 考查定語從句。設空處前面有逗號,且逗號前面內容的意思完整,設空處前為名詞短語 a poor family, 5 could not pay her中缺少主語,結合語境可知所缺主語即前面的a poor family,故設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為 a poor family,故用關系代詞who。 6.consideration 考查名詞。根據空前的形容詞great可知設空處應用名詞,consider的名詞形式為consideration,作“體貼,體諒”講,為不可數名詞。7.that 考查強調句型。句意:正是由于她的辛勤工作和對病人的深切關懷,數萬個嬰兒才能安全地被她接生。本句是強調句,其句子結構為“It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他”,此處被強調部分是原因狀語because of her hard work and great consideration for her patients。故填that。8.safely 考查副詞。設空處作狀語,修飾were delivered。故填safely。9.agricultural 考查形容詞。設空處作定語,修飾名詞pioneer。故填agricultural。agricultural pioneer意為“農業先鋒”。10.have produced 考查時態和主謂一致。句意:利用他的雜交水稻,農民在過去的幾十年里有了更多的收成。根據時間狀語in the past few decades可知,設空處應使用現在完成時,主語farmers為復數,故填have produced。【高頻詞匯】 1.deliver v.接生 2.in short總而言之 3.impressive adj.令人贊嘆的 4.deserve v.值得【熟詞生義】 lead v.過(某種生活)Ⅲ.A◎語篇解讀 這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了著名植物學家George Shull的學習和工作經歷以及他的重要成就。1.D 詞義猜測題。根據第一段第二句中的“Being needed on the farm”可知,George Shull小時候需要干農活,所以無法正常接受正規教育。所以off and on意為“斷斷續續地,間歇性地”,與D項“不定期地”意思最為接近。故選D。2.C 主旨大意題。根據第二段中的“do graduate work”“took up a position as a botanical assistant”“He also worked at...”“in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work”等信息可知,第二段主要是在講述George Shull的工作經歷。故選C。3.D 細節理解題。根據第三段第三句和第四句“The purebred lines were less healthy and productive...to improve crop yields.”可知,雜交品種能夠提高作物產量,所以Shull的玉米育種方法的特殊之處在于專注于雜交純種品種。故選D。4.B 推理判斷題。根據以上關鍵信息可知,文章以時間順序講述了著名植物學家George Shull的人生經歷。故選B。【高頻詞匯】 1.graduate from 從……畢業 2.appoint v.任命;安排 3.in charge of負責…… 4.productive adj.多產的;富有成效的 5.potential n.可能性;潛能【熟詞生義】 1.practice n.慣常做法 2.paper n.論文 3.cross v.使雜交【差距詞匯】 intense adj.強烈的;集中的;緊張的長難句原句 The purebred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the purebred lines, apparently the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.分析 該句是由連詞but連接的并列復合句。第二個分句中包含when引導的時間狀語從句,pollinated in the open fields為過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾those。譯文 純種品種的健康狀況和產量都較差,但當他雜交純種品種時,雜交品種的產量顯然比任何親本或那些在開闊田野授粉的品種(的產量)都高。B◎語篇解讀 本文是一篇新聞報道,主要報道了三位科學家因在細胞對于氧氣含量的感應和適應性方面的研究而獲得了諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。5.B 細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句“William G. Kaelin Jr...were jointly awarded the prize.”,尤其是重點信息詞 jointly可知三位科學家共得同一個獎項。故選B。易錯歸因 本題容易錯選A項,學生容易受倒數三段中“received his specialist training in internal medicine and oncology at the Johns Hopkins...Boston”“received his specialist training in nephrology at Oxford”和“received his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University”的影響,認為他們研究的是不同的領域,但是這些信息只是說明他們學習的專業不同,第一段第一句中的“Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels”已經非常直白地告訴我們三位科學家研究的是同一個課題,故A項錯誤。6.A 推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel Prize winners showed life's most adaptive processes”,尤其是重點信息詞meaningful可推斷出Johnson認為他們的發現非常重要,故選A。7.D 主旨大意題。通過分析最后三段,可看到was born in, received/obtained...from..., received his specialist training in..., is the director of...等重復的信息,這些信息主要介紹三位科學家的出生信息、學術背景和現在的工作,所以這三段主要在介紹三位科學家。故選D。【高頻詞匯】 1.adapt to適應 2.meaningful adj.重要的;有意義的 3.regulate v.調節;控制 4.adjust to適應;習慣 5.specialist adj.專業的;專門的 n.專家長難句原句 The three physicians found the molecular switch that regulates how our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.分析 該句為主從復合句。The three physicians found the molecular switch為主句,“that regulates...drop”為that引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞the molecular switch,且關系詞that在定語從句中作主語,在該定語從句中,regulates后面為how引導的賓語從句,when引導的是時間狀語從句。譯文 這三位醫生發現了分子開關,這個分子開關能夠在氧氣含量下降時調節我們的細胞的適應性。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫