資源簡介

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.The meaning of the new word can be 　　　　(推斷) from the context.
2.The meltwater from the Alps meant the water was very cold at that time of year, and it 　　　　(流動) quickly.
3.Although she 　　　　(建立) her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
4.I believe that a journalist should be completely o　　　　 and not express any personal ideas or emotions.
5.The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and t　　　　.
Ⅱ.單元語法專練
題型(一)
1.May 21st marks International Tea Day, 　　　　　 was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
2.The number of smokers, 　　　　　 is reported, has dropped by 18 percent in just one year.
3.I can't forget those days, 　　　　　 we played basketball together.
4.Dr. Rowan, 　　　　　 secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
5.During the rosy years of elementary school(小學(xué)), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, 　　　　　 allowed me to keep my high social status.
6.She brought her three friends to the party, none of 　　　　　 I had ever met before.
7.Many lessons are now available online, 　　　　　 which students can choose for free.
8.On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
題型(二)
1.導(dǎo)游帶我們來到草莓地,在那里我們看到了新鮮的紅色草莓。
A guide led us to the strawberry field, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 fresh red strawberries.
2.很多年輕人都到偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去追逐自己的夢想,他們中的大多數(shù)都受過良好的教育。
Many young people, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
3.我們在課堂上學(xué)習(xí)了一篇關(guān)于屠呦呦的課文,她的發(fā)現(xiàn)挽救了無數(shù)的生命。
We learned a text about Tu Youyou in class, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 countless lives.
4.我最尊敬的人是袁隆平,他不僅幫助養(yǎng)活了中國,也養(yǎng)活了其他許多依賴大米的國家。(現(xiàn)在完成時)
The person I respect most is Yuan Longping, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.總之,全世界的人都應(yīng)當(dāng)保護(hù)水資源。
　　　　 　　　　, people around the world should protect the water resources.
2.無論如何我都不會向任何人提及這個秘密。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　shall I mention the secret to anyone.
3.他突然意識到他只能依靠自己來解決問題。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he could only rely on himself to solve his problem.
4.人們普遍認(rèn)為海洋資源對我們來說極其重要。(acknowledge)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　ocean resources are of vital importance to us.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Gerty Cori, the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, from which she graduated in 1914, and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague. While in medical school, Gerty encountered Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research. In 1920, the two published the results of their first joint research, received their medical degrees, and married each other.
Gerty's first research position was as an assistant in the Carolinen Children's Hospital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo, New York. Gerty Cori moved a few months later, starting as an assistant pathologist (病理學(xué)家) at the institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist. In 1928, the Coris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cori took up a position as chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow. In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry. Gerty Cori was made an associate (副) professor in 1943. She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947; in the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen (糖代謝).
In 1947, Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis, an unusual blood disease. She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life. Gerty Cori died on October 26, 1957.
1.What can we learn about Gerty's husband
A.He shared the same interest with Gerty.
B.He moved to the USA later than Gerty.
C.He married Gerty while in medical school.
D.He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty.
2.Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty's life
a.She moved to the USA.　　　b.She won the Nobel Prize.　　　
c.She met her husband Carl. d.She got a job in the WUSM.　　　　
e.She received her medical degree.
A.e, a, c, b, d　　　　B.c, e, a, d, b　　　　C.e, c, a, d, b　　　　D.c, a, e, b, d
3.What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Adapted.　　　　B.Defeated.　　　　C.Promoted.　　　　D.Committed.
4.What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph
A.She was satisfied with her later life.　　B.She was in poor health all her life.
C.She died of a common disease.　　D.She was very mentally strong.
Ⅱ.七選五
Einstein's Opinions on Creative Thinking
“The greatest scientists are artists as well,” said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.
For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. 　1　 As he told one friend, “All extraordinary achievements of science must start from intuitive (直覺的) knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
　2　 Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. 　3　 That's why he said that great scientists were also artists.
　4　 “If I were not a physicist,” he once said, “I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music.” Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space, which both combine spatial (空間的) and structural aspects. “The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition,” said Einstein. “My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. 　5　”
A.But how did art differ from science for Einstein
B.Instead, it came from intuition and inspiration.
C.My new discovery is the result of musical insight.
D.There is no doubt that my theory was a great breakthrough then.
E.Einstein himself worked intuitively and expressed himself logically.
F.Einstein also owed his scientific insight and intuition mainly to music.
G.For Einstein, it was the humanities that mainly contributed to his achievements.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. The person who 　1　 the call was not the captain's first choice. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific 　2　 of all time.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, 　3　 by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the 　4　, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to 　5　 various living things in their natural environments. At that time, people believed that all species had 　6　 on Earth at the same time, and had not 　7　 since. But Darwin began to think 　8　. He noticed that some species of animals were very 　9　 to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they 　10　 their changing environments.
It was a completely new idea—a(n)　11　 of evolution. Darwin 　12　 this theory in his book On the Origin of Species. It was not 　13　 until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, On the Origin of Species is 　14　 as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with the 　15　 on the Beagle.
1.A.made　　B.wanted C.answered　　D.refused
2.A.discoveries　　B.reports C.substances　　D.designs
3.A.astonished　　B.confused C.inspired　　D.fascinated
4.A.carriage　　B.ship C.plane　　D.horse
5.A.study　　　　B.create　　　　C.train　　　　D.raise
6.A.survived　　B.appeared C.disappeared　　D.lived
7.A.grown　　　　B.returned　　　　C.changed　　　　D.left
8.A.hardly　　B.apparently C.carefully　　D.differently
9.A.similar　　B.familiar C.harmful　　D.cruel
10.A.cared for　　B.relied on C.adapted to　　D.insisted on
11.A.opinion　　B.book C.process　　D.theory
12.A.tested　　B.detected C.opposed　　D.explained
13.A.read　　B.published C.sold　　D.written
14.A.chosen　　B.regarded C.emphasised　　D.recommended
15.A.journey　　B.captain C.species　　D.life
答案與分層梯度式解析
Part 2　Learning About Language &
Using Language
基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
Ⅰ.1.inferred　2.flowed　3.founded　4.objective　5.tear
Ⅱ.題型(一)
1.which　考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處無提示詞且前面有逗號,逗號前面是一個完整的句子, “　　　 was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019”中缺少主語,故推測設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,結(jié)合語境可知,被聯(lián)合國在2019年11月27日正式命名的是International Tea Day,所以該非限制性定語從句的先行詞即為International Tea Day,故此處用引導(dǎo)詞which。
2.as　考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意:正如所報道的那樣,吸煙者的數(shù)量僅在一年內(nèi)就下降了18%。設(shè)空處無提示詞,且“　　　 is reported”前后是一個完整的句子“The number of smokers has dropped by 18 percent in just one year.”,　　　 is reported中缺少主語,故推測設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,結(jié)合句意可知此處表示“正如所報道的那樣”,故填as。
3.when　考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞。設(shè)空處無提示詞,且前面有逗號,逗號前面是一個完整的句子,此處指的是“我不能忘記那些日子,在那些日子里我們一起打籃球”,所以設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞those days,將先行詞帶入定語從句后為“we played basketball together in those days”,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,故填when。
4.whose　考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處前后構(gòu)成了完整的句子“Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing.”,設(shè)空處無提示詞且前面有逗號,此處指的是Dr. Rowan的秘書在兩周前辭職了,由此可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞Dr. Rowan,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語,故填whose。
5.which　考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處無提示詞且前面有逗號,逗號前面是一個完整的句子, “　　　 allowed me to keep my high social status”中缺少主語,故推測設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,結(jié)合語境可知,“允許我保持高社會地位”的是“我喜歡分享我的玩偶和笑話”這件事,所以該非限制性定語從句的先行詞即前面主句中的部分內(nèi)容,故此處用引導(dǎo)詞which。句意:在美好的小學(xué)時光里,我喜歡分享我的玩偶和笑話,這允許我保持高社會地位。
6.whom　考查“代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。設(shè)空處無提示詞,逗號前面是一個完整的句子,且設(shè)空處前面是none of,故推測“none of+設(shè)空處”引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,此處指“她帶著她的三個朋友去參加聚會,這三個朋友我之前一個也沒見過”,所以該非限制性定語從句的先行詞是her three friends,指人,設(shè)空處在從句中作of的賓語。故填whom。
7.from　考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法。句意:現(xiàn)在很多課程可以在網(wǎng)上獲得,學(xué)生可以從中免費(fèi)選擇。結(jié)合句意可知,學(xué)生可以從前面提到的網(wǎng)上課程中進(jìn)行選擇, choose from意為“從……中選擇”,故填from。此題中,from which為 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
8.who　考查非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處前后構(gòu)成了完整的句子“the man Cao Shengkang crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces”,設(shè)空處無提示詞且前面有逗號, “　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident”中缺少主語,故推測設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,結(jié)合語境可知,“8歲在車禍中失明的”是曹晟康,所以該非限制性定語從句的先行詞為Cao Shengkang,故此處用引導(dǎo)詞who。
題型(二)
1.where we saw　2.most of whom　3.whose discovery saved　4.who has helped feed　
Ⅲ.1.In conclusion　2.Under/In no circumstances　3.It struck him that　4.It is widely acknowledged that
能力提升練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章簡要介紹了美國首位獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎的女性——格蒂·科里。
1.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句中“shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research”可知,格蒂的丈夫卡爾和她有著相同的興趣愛好。故選A。
易錯歸因　本題易誤選C項(xiàng),原因是忽略了一些細(xì)節(jié)信息。第一段最后的“received their medical degrees, and married each other”說明了他們是在拿到醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位后才結(jié)婚的,根據(jù)常識可知,拿到醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位就證明畢業(yè)了,所以C項(xiàng)“他在醫(yī)學(xué)院期間與格蒂結(jié)婚”的說法不對。
2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章以時間順序講述了女科學(xué)家格蒂·科里的人生經(jīng)歷:
故選B。
3.C　詞義猜測題。畫線詞前一句的意思為“格蒂·科里于1943年被任命為副教授”,畫線詞所在的句子意思為“1947年7月,她被　　　到了生物化學(xué)教授的級別”。由此可知,從副教授到教授,格蒂·科里應(yīng)該是晉升了,由此可以推斷畫線詞為“晉升,提拔”的意思。故選C。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“She fought the disease for ten years, refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.”可知,即使與病魔作斗爭,格蒂也沒有放棄自己的研究,直到生命的最后幾個月。由此可以推斷,她的精神力量很強(qiáng)大。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.joint adj.共同的;聯(lián)合的　2.rank n.地位,級別　3.unusual adj.罕見的;不同尋常的　4.give up放棄
長難句
原句　While in medical school, Gerty encountered Carl Cori, a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.
分析　本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。在While引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中省略了主語Gerty和系動詞was, 主句中a classmate 作Carl Cori的同位語,who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾其前面的名詞classmate,both...and...連接shared后面兩個并列的賓語。
譯文　在醫(yī)學(xué)院的時候,格蒂遇到了卡爾·科里,一個和她一樣熱愛滑雪和登山并且對實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究感興趣的同學(xué)。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文,主要講的是愛因斯坦對創(chuàng)造性思維的看法。
1.B　細(xì)節(jié)句?？涨疤岬綄垡蛩固箒碚f,洞察力不是來自邏輯,也不是來自數(shù)學(xué)。B項(xiàng)(相反,它來自直覺和靈感)承接上文,且空后也提到了“intuitive knowledge”和“Imagination”。故選B。
2.A　主旨句。空后解釋了什么是科學(xué)、什么是藝術(shù), A項(xiàng)(但對愛因斯坦來說,藝術(shù)和科學(xué)有什么不同呢 )可以引出下文內(nèi)容。故選A。
3.E　細(xì)節(jié)句。空前提到了如果用邏輯的語言來描述所看到和經(jīng)歷的東西,那么它就是科學(xué)。如果它能憑直覺被傳達(dá)和識別,那么它就是藝術(shù)?？蘸筇岬搅四蔷褪菫槭裁此f偉大的科學(xué)家也是藝術(shù)家。E項(xiàng)(愛因斯坦自己憑直覺工作,按照邏輯表達(dá)自己)與上下文所述話題一致,符合語境,故選E。
4.F　主旨句。空后提到了音樂對愛因斯坦的好處,還提到了愛因斯坦的相對論是憑直覺想到的,而音樂是這種直覺背后的推動力。由此可見, F項(xiàng)(愛因斯坦還把他的科學(xué)洞察力和直覺主要?dú)w功于音樂)符合語境,可作為本段的主旨。
5.C　細(xì)節(jié)句?？涨疤岬搅藧垡蛩固拐f他是憑直覺想到相對論的,而音樂是這種直覺背后的推動力,C項(xiàng)(我的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是音樂洞察力的結(jié)果)承接上文,并且呼應(yīng)本段主旨,故選C。
【高頻詞匯】　1.insight n.領(lǐng)悟;洞察力　2.in terms of就……而言;根據(jù)……來描述　3.occur to sb.某人突然想起　4.inspiration n.靈感;鼓舞人心的事物
5.contribute to有助于
長難句
原句　Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea was expressed.
分析　該句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是由not...but...“不是……,而是……”連接的并列成分,but連接的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是由how引導(dǎo)的主語從句,并進(jìn)行了后置;whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作determined的賓語。
譯文　令人驚訝的是,決定某個東西是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)的,并不是一個想法的內(nèi)容或它的主題,而是這個想法的表達(dá)方式。
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了達(dá)爾文通過探險做出了重要的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn),提出了進(jìn)化論并出版了《物種起源》。
1.C　根據(jù)文章第一句“The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone...”可知船長是在招聘。由此推測此處是說“來應(yīng)聘的人不是船長的首選”,即響應(yīng)招聘的人(達(dá)爾文)并不符合船長的要求。answer the call響應(yīng)號召。故選C。
2.A　盡管如此,他在這艘船上的冒險經(jīng)歷將促成有史以來最重要的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。根據(jù)后文對達(dá)爾文提出進(jìn)化論并出版《物種起源》及其影響的介紹可知此處是說達(dá)爾文在船上的冒險經(jīng)歷促使他做出了重要的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)(discoveries)。故選A。report報告;substance物質(zhì);design設(shè)計。
3.D　查爾斯·達(dá)爾文是一位地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家,對巖石、植物和動物都很著迷。 根據(jù)對達(dá)爾文的介紹“was a geologist and naturalist”可推測此處是說他對大自然中的事物很著迷。be fascinated by對……著迷。故選D。
4.B　根據(jù)文章第一段中的“The captain of the ship, the Beagle”可知,貝格爾號是一艘船(ship)。故選B。carriage四輪馬車。
5.A　根據(jù)“Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist”可知,達(dá)爾文是一位地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家,所以他會研究(study)各種生物。故選A。create創(chuàng)造;train訓(xùn)練;raise飼養(yǎng)。
6.B　在那個時候,人們認(rèn)為所有的物種都是同一時間出現(xiàn)在地球上的,并且從那以后就沒有改變過。根據(jù)后文介紹的進(jìn)化論和《物種起源》推測此處指的是物種的起源。survive幸存;appear出現(xiàn);disappear消失;live生活。故選B。
7.C　人們過去認(rèn)為所有的物種出現(xiàn)之后就沒有改變過。grow生長;return返回;change改變;leave離開。故選C。
8.D　根據(jù)前面的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞But可知,此處指達(dá)爾文有與眾不同的想法。hardly幾乎不;apparently顯然;carefully仔細(xì)地;differently不同地。故選D。
9.A　達(dá)爾文注意到有些動物物種彼此非常相似。similar相似的;familiar熟悉的;harmful有害的;cruel殘忍的。be similar to與……相似。故選A。
10.C　也許動物是在適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境的過程中進(jìn)化了。根據(jù)空后的“changing environments”推測此處指“適應(yīng)(adapted to)”變化的環(huán)境。故選C。care for照顧;rely on依靠;insist on堅(jiān)決要求。
11.D　根據(jù)第12空后的“this theory”可知這里指達(dá)爾文提出進(jìn)化理論(theory)。故選D。opinion觀點(diǎn);process過程。
12.D　根據(jù)空后的“in his book”可知此處指達(dá)爾文在他的書中解釋(explained)了這個理論。故選D。test測試;detect發(fā)現(xiàn);oppose反對。
13.B　《物種起源》這本書直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起了一場風(fēng)暴。 read閱讀;publish出版;sell賣;write寫。故選B。
14.B　根據(jù)現(xiàn)今《物種起源》的地位可知此處是說“現(xiàn)在,《物種起源》被認(rèn)為是有史以來最重要的著作之一”。choose選擇;regard認(rèn)為;emphasise強(qiáng)調(diào);recommend推薦。be regarded as意為“被認(rèn)為是……”。故選B。
15.A　人們對地球上的生命的看法發(fā)生改變是由于達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論,而他的進(jìn)化論開始于貝格爾號的探險之旅,因此人們對地球上的生命的看法的改變始于貝格爾號的探險之旅。journey旅行;captain船長;species物種;life生活。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.profit v.獲益 n.利益;利潤　2.opportunity n.機(jī)會　3.distant adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的　4.adventure n.冒險
5.various adj.各種各樣的　6.species n.物種　7.origin n.起源
【差距詞匯】　evolve v.進(jìn)化→evolution n.進(jìn)化

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