資源簡介

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.In this lecture, I can only give you a 　　　　　(pure) personal view on how we can make the best use of time.
2.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable 　　　　　(find) when observing honeybees.
3.　　　　　(initial), the computer system worked well, but then it appeared to have some imperfections.
4.It is reported that the house prices in some cities have decreased 　　　　　 10% in the past several years.
5.Butyrate(丁酸鹽) plays a vital role in directing the body's response to 　　　　　(infect).
6.Some people blame the smart phone 　　　　　 their absence of mind. Yet in fact, people's weakening self-control should be responsible.
7.After several 　　　　　(frustrate) hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(紀錄片) series The Last Dance.
8.The professor 　　　　　(cast) an admiring glance at the boy when he expressed an amazing idea.
Ⅱ.單元語法專練
題型(一)
1.The only way to get here is by boat, which is 　　　　　 we arrived.
2.The best moment for the football star was 　　　　　 he scored the winning goal.
3.The old building, behind which was a famous university, was 　　　　　 I used to work.
4.This is 　　　　　 my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
5.He won first prize in the English writing competition. This is　　　　　 the teacher praised him.
6.The core of your relationship is 　　　　　 you will always be there to help each other.
7.The question, however, is 　　　　　 this is what the developing countries need the most.
8.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was 　　　　　 there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
題型(二)
1.那就是我們學校的許多學生選擇閱讀電子書的原因。
That is　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in our school 　　　　 　　　　 read electronic books.
2.我的問題是她是否會準時參加演講比賽。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 she is going to take part in the speech contest on time.
3.如果把筷子的一部分放在水里,它們看起來就像斷了一樣。(as if;虛擬語氣)
If the chopsticks are partly placed in the water, it looks 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
4.我的建議是,如果你想上理想的大學,你應該從現在開始努力學習。
My advice　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Robots in space will be extracting(提取) gold from asteroids(小行星) within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned. Peter Diamandis, the founder of Planetary Resources, said the company attempts to make the resources of space available to humanity.
The initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit Earth. These will be used to search for the right type of asteroids. The plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by Earth. Diamandis predicts that they could have their version of a space-based petrol station up and running by 2025.
Several scientists not involved in the project argued that the project was daring, difficult and very pricey. They do not see how it could be cost-effective. But the founder of Planetary Resources has a track record in profiting from the space exploration business. Diamandis was the first person to sell rides into space to tourists. “Before we started sending people into space as private citizens, people thought that it was a ridiculous idea,” Diamandis said. “This is a long-term project. But it's not a charity. We'll make money.” The idea that asteroids could be mined for resources has been around for years. There are probably 1,500 asteroids that pass near Earth and that would be good initial targets. They are at least 50 meters wide, and Diamandis figures ten percent of them have water and other valuable minerals.
Richard Binzel, professor of Planetary Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says, “The idea might be many decades ahead of its time. But you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective on saving Earth from over-exploitation.”
1.What is supposed to be the first step of the project
A.Sending robots into Earth's orbit.　　　
B.Sending some telescopes into space.
C.Building a space-based petrol station.　　　
D.Using robotic ships to extract rocket fuel.
2.How did Diamandis use to make money from the space exploration business
A.By extracting gold from asteroids.　　　
B.By providing space travel for tourists.
C.By being the first person to go into space.　　　
D.By selling tickets to tourists' rides into space.
3.What does Richard Binzel think of the project
A.It is risky.　　　　B.It is complex.　　　　
C.It is worthwhile.　　　　D.It is demanding.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Mining Asteroids　　　
B.Humans and Asteroids
C.Space Exploration in Progress　　　
D.The Project of Extracting Minerals
Ⅱ.七選五
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge of one or more sciences, especially natural sciences. 　1　 Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. 　2　
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time. 　3　 Even if you think you have received some education in science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical(道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. 　4　 Sticking to an old belief in contradiction to proof is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
Working habits
　5　 He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed, and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.
A.To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
E.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind.
F.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion.
G.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
In high school, I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me　1　 that science could teach us a lot. It teaches us the　2　 so we know where we are from. That day, I firmly 　3　 to be a scientist. Ever since that day, I have studied harder 　4　 in all my science-related subjects. After school, I do much research on how I can become a 　5　 scientist in the future.
One of my 　6　 for my becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock, who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25, she already had her PhD in botany. After that, she started her 　7　 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics(玉米細胞遺傳學) and she 　8　 herself to that research for the rest of her life.
If I am lucky and given the 　9　 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 　10　 something that helped the other scientists 　11　 the things about genetics.
I know I will be able to achieve my 　12　 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I achieve my goal, I will share my 　13　 of success with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 　14　 as the stars in the night sky. However, my future is still far. I will make the most of the 　15　 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist.
1.A.suspect　　　B.wonder
C.realize　　　D.value
2.A.school　　　B.origin
C.growth　　　D.study
3.A.refused　　　B.volunteered
C.continued　　　D.decided
4.A.especially　　　B.possibly
C.properly　　　D.separately
5.A.happy　　　B.popular
C.real　　　D.careful
6.A.experiences　　　B.persuasions
C.generations　　　D.inspirations
7.A.attempt　　　B.career
C.praise　　　D.tradition
8.A.devoted　　　B.invited
C.limited　　　D.decreased
9.A.reason　　　B.freedom
C.right　　　D.opportunity
10.A.heard　　　B.expected
C.discovered　　　D.awarded
11.A.set out　　　B.figure out
C.stick out　　　D.break out
12.A.dream　　　B.reward
C.fame　　　D.stage
13.A.fortune　　　B.location
C.light　　　D.secret
14.A.bright　　　B.capable
C.proud　　　D.brave
15.A.lesson　　　B.present
C.mind　　　D.heart
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.purely　考查副詞。空格后是形容詞personal,所以此處用副詞修飾形容詞,purely personal view意為“純粹的個人觀點”。故填purely。
2.finding　考查名詞。空格處作made的賓語,由前面的不定冠詞a可知應填名詞finding。
3.Initially　考查副詞。設空處位于句首,在句中作狀語,修飾整個句子,應用副詞。故填Initially。
4.by　考查介詞。此處指某些城市的房價在過去幾年里下降了10%,decrease by...表示“下降了……”。故填by。
5.infection　考查名詞。空格處作介詞to的賓語,此處指身體對感染的反應,應用infect的名詞形式。故填infection。
6.for　考查介詞。blame sth. for sth.意為“把某事歸咎于某物”,此處指有些人把心不在焉歸咎于智能手機。故填for。
7.frustrating　考查形容詞。設空處修飾其后的名詞hours,應用以-ing結尾的形容詞。故填frustrating。
8.cast　考查動詞的時態。空格處是主句的謂語動詞,根據語境和時間狀語從句中謂語的時態可知,主句也用一般過去時,故填cast。cast a glance at...意為“看……一眼”。
Ⅱ.題型(一)
1.how　句意:到達這里的唯一途徑是乘船,這就是我們如何到達(這里)的。“　　　　 we arrived”是表語從句,結合句意可知設空處在從句中作方式狀語,表示“如何”,故填how。
2.when　句意:對這個足球明星來說,最好的時刻是他踢進決勝球的時刻。“　　　　 he scored the winning goal”是表語從句,結合句意可知設空處在從句中作時間狀語,故填 when。
3.where　句意:那座古老的建筑是我過去工作的地方,在它的后面有一所著名的大學。“　　　　 I used to work”是表語從句,結合句意可知設空處在從句中作地點狀語,故填where。
4.what　“　　　　 my father has taught me”是表語從句,設空處在從句中作taught的直接賓語,表示“父親教我的道理”,故填what。
5.why　句意:他在英語寫作比賽中獲得了一等獎。這就是老師表揚他的原因。“　　　　 the teacher praised him”是表語從句,結合句意可知設空處表示“……的原因”,故填why。
6.that　句意:你們的關系的核心是你們將一直在一起互相幫助。空前為系動詞is,所以設空處引導表語從句,且從句“you will always be there to help each other”意思完整,不缺成分,故應用that引導表語從句。
7.whether　句意:然而,問題是,這是不是發展中國家最需要的。空前為系動詞is,所以設空處引導表語從句,且從句“this is what the developing countries need the most”不缺成分,但根據“The question”可知,設空處表示“是否”,故應用whether引導表語從句。
8.because　句意:蛇的數量減少了。他意識到這是因為沒有足夠的樹木來保護它們免受高溫的侵襲。“　　　　 there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat”是表語從句,結合句意可知設空處表示“因為”,故填because。
題型(二)
1.why many students; choose to　2.My question is whether　3.as if they were broken　4.is that you should study hard
能力提升練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了一個新的項目計劃從小行星上提取黃金等寶貴的礦物質和燃料。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“The initial stage, to be achieved in the next 18 to 24 months, is to launch a series of private telescopes which will orbit Earth.”可知,該項目的最初階段是往太空發射一系列私人望遠鏡。故選B。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Before we started sending people into space as private citizens, people thought that it was a ridiculous idea...This is a long-term project. But it's not a charity. We'll make money.”可知,Diamandis以前通過為游客提供太空旅行來獲取利益。故選B。
3.C　推理判斷題。根據最后一段Richard Binzel說的話“The idea might be many decades ahead of its time. But you have to start somewhere as it might offer a new perspective on saving Earth from over-exploitation.”可推知,Richard Binzel認為這個新的項目是值得開發的。故選C。
4.A　主旨大意題。根據第一段首句“Robots in space will be extracting gold from asteroids within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned.”和第二段第三句“The plan is to use commercially built robotic ships to extract rocket fuel and valuable minerals from the rocks that regularly pass by Earth.”可知,這篇文章主要介紹了一個新的項目計劃從小行星上提取黃金等寶貴的礦物質和燃料。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.available adj.可獲得的　2.launch v.發射　3.search for尋找　4.target n.目標　5.perspective n.視角　6.demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
【熟詞生義】　back v.支持
長難句
原句　Robots in space will be extracting gold from asteroids within ten years if a new project backed by a Silicon Valley billionaire goes as planned.
分析　本句為主從復合句。if引導條件狀語從句,as planned為狀語從句的省略形式。
譯文　如果一個由硅谷億萬富翁支持的新項目按計劃進行,太空中的機器人將在十年內提取來自小行星的黃金。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。成功絕非偶然,凡是成功的科學家都有一些特別的品質。
1.C　細節句。空格處上句“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person...sciences.”說明了字典對科學家這一名詞的解釋和理解。C項“它還將科學家定義為使用科學方法的人”接著解釋這一名詞,與上句構成并列關系,符合邏輯,其中“also”是關鍵信息。故選C。
2.G　細節句。空格處為段尾句。根據本段小標題“Curiosity”和第一句“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.”可知,該段說明科學家要具備的一個特征就是有好奇心。空格處應該與“好奇心”有關,所以G項“如果一個科學家沒有發問甚至好奇的動力,他就永遠無法進入科學過程的第一階段”符合語境,其中關鍵信息是“questions”和“wonder”。故選G。
3.B　細節句。根據本段小標題“Patience”和空格處上句“Becoming a scientist takes a long time.”可知,成為科學家需要很長的時間并且需要一定的耐心。由此推知空格處應該介紹與“耐心”有關的內容。所以B項“很少有工作比這個工作需要更長的時間”符合語境,其中關鍵信息是“take longer”。故選B。
4.F　細節句。根據本段小標題“Ethical qualities”和空格處下文“Sticking to an old belief in contradiction to proof is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.”可知,科學家要誠實、堅持真理,這是科學家特征的體現。由此推知,空格處應該介紹與科學家的“道德品質”有關的內容。F項“科學家必須誠實地報告研究結果,而不考慮個人利益或輿論”符合語境,其中關鍵信息是“honestly”。故選F。
5.E　細節句。根據本段小標題“Working habits”可知,本段主要講工作習慣。設空處下句“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed, and he/she also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.”介紹了科學家良好的工作習慣和工作能力。E項“一個優秀的科學家甚至會記下最微小的觀察結果并牢記在心”也是工作習慣。故選E。
【高頻詞匯】　1.characteristic n.特征;特點;品質 adj.典型的;獨特的　2.define vt.給……下定義;界定;解釋　3.scientific adj.科學(上)的;關于科學的　4.desire n.渴望;欲望 v.渴望;期望　5.affect v.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動　6.belief n.看法;信仰;信心
【差距詞匯】　instant-gratification adj.即時滿足的
長難句
原句　In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.
分析　本句為主從復合句。In order to...短語作目的狀語;since引導原因狀語從句,其中的并列連詞and連接兩個并列分句。
譯文　為了真正發現知識并使知識有更大的用處,科學家必須有改善人類生活和環境的愿望,因為這兩者是相互聯系的,而且從長遠來看,它們會相互影響。
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了高中時期的作者在某次做實驗的時候,發現了科學能夠教會我們很多東西,自此作者立志成為一名科學家,盡管未來很遙遠,但作者會充分把握現在去實現夢想。
1.C　考查動詞。后文“It teaches us the 　2　 so we know where we are from.”進一步描述科學教會了我們的具體內容,所以該空表示那次實驗讓作者“意識到”了科學能教會我們很多東西。A.懷疑;B.想知道;C.意識到;D.重視。故選C。
2.B　考查名詞。根據空后內容“so we know where we are from”可知,科學教了我們“起源”。A.學校;B.起源;C.成長;D.學習。故選B。
3.D　考查動詞。根據前文“science could teach us a lot”可知,作者通過做實驗發現了科學能教會我們很多東西;根據后文“I have studied harder 　4　 in all my science-related subjects”可知,作者更加努力去學習與科學有關的學科,所以該空描述作者“決定”成為一名科學家。A.拒絕;B.自愿做;C.繼續;D.決定。故選D。
4.A　考查副詞。前文講述作者決定成為一名科學家,所以會對與科學相關的課程“尤其”關注。A.尤其;B.可能;C.適當地;D.單獨地。故選A。
5.C　考查形容詞。前文講述作者決定成為一名科學家并為之付出努力,所以此處指作者去研究如何成為一名“真正的”科學家。A.快樂的;B.受歡迎的,流行的;C.真正的;D.仔細的。故選C。
6.D　考查名詞。根據后文具體介紹的科學家Barbara McClintock可知,她是“使作者產生動機的人”之一。A.經歷;B.信仰,信念;C.一代人;D.使人產生動機的人。故選D。
7.B　考查名詞。空后內容“the development of maize cytogenetics”是她從事的“事業”的具體內容。A.嘗試;B.事業;C.表揚;D.傳統。故選B。
8.A　考查動詞。根據空后的“for the rest of her life”可知,Barbara McClintock把余生都“奉獻”給了那項研究。A.把……奉獻給;B.邀請;C.限制;D.減少。故選A。
9.D　考查名詞。根據空后的“I want to be like Doctor McClintock”和空前的提示詞“lucky”可知,此處表示還未發生的,所以是被給予實現成為科學家的夙愿的“機會”。A.原因;B.自由;C.權利;D.機會。故選D。
10.C　考查動詞。根據空后的“something that helped the other scientists”可知,她“發現”的一些東西幫助了其他科學家。A.聽到;B.期待;C.發現;D.授予。故選C。
11.B　考查動詞短語。McClintock博士所發現的東西幫助了其他科學家“弄清楚”關于遺傳學的內容。A.出發;B.弄清楚;C.顯眼,突出;D.爆發。故選B。
12.A　考查名詞。根據空前的動詞“achieve”可知,這里指實現“夢想”,同時呼應前文的“ambition”。A.夢想;B.獎勵;C.名聲;D.舞臺。故選A。
13.D　考查名詞。根據空后的“of success with all the kids”可知,作者會和孩子們分享成功的“秘訣”。A.運氣;B.位置;C.光線;D.秘訣。故選D。
14.A　考查形容詞。作者把自己的未來比作夜空中的星星,所以應該是“明亮的”。A.明亮的;B.有能力的;C.驕傲的;D.勇敢的。故選A。
15.B　考查名詞。前文描述作者的未來還很遙遠,所以此處應該是作者會充分把握“現在”去實現自己的目標。A.教訓;B.現在;C.頭腦;D.內心。故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.subject n.科目,課程　2.award v.授予;獎勵　3.ambition n.理想;雄心　4.perseverance n.堅持不懈　5.make the most of充分利用
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