資源簡介

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Ladies and gentlemen, we apologize for the late 　　　　　(depart) of this flight.
2.Having a strong 　　　　　(motivate) is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
3.She has 　　　　　 good grasp of the abstract concept, so she can answer the question quickly.
4.To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of 　　　　　(apply) to attend the opening ceremony.
5.The teacher in charge of our class is firm 　　　　　 the students, which makes the parents satisfied.
6.The classical TV series which is popular with us is adapted 　　　　　 one of the world's best-selling novels.
7.If you would like to improve your English as fast as possible, you had better expose yourself 　　　　　 a full English environment.
8.The beauty of the West Lake in spring was beyond his 　　　　　(expect), and he expected his mother 　　　　　(visit) it with him the next time.
Ⅱ.單元語法專練
題型(一)
1.　　　　　 we'll go camping depends on the weather tomorrow.
2.He showed me 　　　　　 his medical instruments were used.
3.Soon, however, they realized 　　　　　 they had undertaken.
4.An advantage of using the wind and solar energy is 　　　　　 they won't produce any pollution.
5.She is nice and kind, so 　　　　　 is no wonder that she always helps those who are homeless.
6.Now I know 　　　　　 I am! I'm Tyson's little brother, but that's only part of my identity.
7.I do hope my suggestion will be of great help to you and 　　　　　 you will have a good time in China.
8.It is estimated 　　　　　 extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children.
9.However, 　　　　　 my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours.
10.Housewarming parties get their name from the fact 　　　　　 a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.
題型(二)
1.我戴著一副太陽眼鏡,這就是他沒認出我的原因。(表語從句)
I wore a pair of sunglasses; this was 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 me.
2.無論誰第一個到教室都會得到一件特別的禮物。(主語從句)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 will receive an exceptional gift.
3.毫無疑問,堅持不懈是成功的關鍵。(同位語從句)
There is no doubt 　　　　 persistence 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Many international students studying abroad in America have several supposed ideas about American culture. After visiting the country, many international students showed the culture shock they received in America. Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across.
It's surprising to note that kids, the youth and adults refer to each other with their first names. This is a very uncommon sight. Many international students might find it surprising and take time to adapt to this tradition.
Another culture shock is that, in America, there could be only one or two classes a day. Usually, they're conducted in the afternoon or in the evening. This means the students get enough time to sleep late, wake up around noon and have time for different chores(瑣事). Besides having convenience in the schedule of classes, students also enjoy long hours of breaks.
Among the many culture shocks in America, multiple languages are quite common there. Many international students would move to America, believing that the only language is English. However, that's not the case. The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish, French, German, and Chinese. So if you're familiar with any of the above-mentioned languages, you might get surprises.
Many international students are used to using kilograms, metres, litres, degrees centigrade as the units of weight, length, volume, temperature. But they might be perplexed to see a different metric system in America. There, pounds, feet and Fahrenheit are usually used as units of measurement. This system is quite puzzling to comprehend in the beginning for many international students.
Many international students might find various culture shocks in America depending on the background they come from. Thus, they may need a long time to adapt themselves to the unfamiliar environment.
1.What might make international students surprised at school
A.Adults are often referred to with their titles.　
B.The number of classes is fewer than expected.
C.Kids refer to adults with their family names.　
D.Students can freely do different chores in class.
2.Why do international students care little about language barriers in America
A.English there is easy to understand.　　 　
B.All of them can speak English fluently.
C.There are several other official languages.　
D.They can use their native languages there.
3.What does the underlined word “perplexed” mean in paragraph 5
A.Interested.　　　　B.Frightened.　　　　
C.Confused.　　　　D.Excited.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Multicultural Experiences Are Waiting for You
B.International Students Are Welcome to America
C.Culture Shocks International Students May Experience in America
D.Reasons Why There Are a Large Number of Culture Shocks in America
Ⅱ.七選五
Studying abroad is a worthwhile and often life-changing experience, but be sure to check out these 3 disadvantages of studying abroad before you start planning.
Disadvantage 1: Cultural barriers
Communication is essential to efficiency.　1　. It's important to know the level of fluency that will be expected of you, both from your teachers and peers and the locals with whom you'll be communicating abroad.
Besides, you may find yourself jolted into the sudden shift in culture. Everything from food and religion to transportation systems and the style of dress may differ from those in your home country.　2　. If you are not properly prepared to cope with these differences, they can lead to great stress.
Disadvantage 2: You're on your own
Navigating a foreign destination on your own can be an intimidating experience. Some of you may experience certain aspects of independence for the very first time.　3　.
Because some of the worst symptoms of culture shock can result from the realization that you no longer have your friends and family alongside you, it's important to be fully prepared for this transition.
Disadvantage 3: 　4　
Travel expenses, tuition, books, room and board, bills, transportation, and the overall cost of living can add up quickly when living abroad.　5　.
Consider that you'll likely want to go out and explore the new place in addition to studying, so be sure to set aside plenty of cash for tourism, transportation, and entertainment, as well as for emergencies.
A.Studying abroad is expensive
B.Language barriers exist in every country
C.Make sure your study-abroad college or program is reliable
D.This culture shock can lead to feelings of anxiety and homesickness
E.Research cultural and regional norms and expectations before you go
F.Depending on where you choose to study abroad, your expenses can vary greatly
G.Perhaps you've never lived on your own or have yet to travel outside of your home country
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
Gulnara Tolmacheva is from Russia, who has always wanted to be a tutor. She has 　1　 and realized her dream in Karamay, a Chinese city far away from her home in Novosibirsk. Now, she lives in Xinjiang and 　2　 Russian in a local university.
　3　 having interest in the Chinese culture during her childhood, Tolmacheva didn't 　4　 China until 2009. “In Urumqi, I saw different ethnic groups and busy night markets,” she said. She was especially surprised at the way people of different ethnic groups were getting along in Xinjiang. 　5　 by the energetic and culturally 　6　 city, she chose to study Chinese in Urumqi in 2013. Tolmacheva and her family 　7　 to Karamay in 2019 after getting a job offer there. Little did she know about the city 　8　, but now she considers Karamay as her second 　9　.“The friendship and 　10　 of my students and colleagues made me feel at home,” she 　11　. She added that her work was going well, and her son was healthy and happy.
Tolmacheva was 　12　 by the kindness and warmth of those around her, and she decided to work even harder to motivate her students. “The 　13　 environment is very important. So I tried my best to teach them Russian songs and organize short plays during courses,” she said. Having realized her dream of learning Chinese in Xinjiang, Tolmacheva is now 　14　 about finishing her doctoral degree and is planning to write some Russian textbooks. She does have a great 　15　 for her job.
1.A.fallen behind　　　B.blown up
C.kept away　　　D.settled down
2.A.masters　　　B.quits
C.teaches　　　D.learns
3.A.In case of　　　B.In spite of
C.In terms of　　　D.In place of
4.A.visit　　　B.choose
C.expect　　　D.admire
5.A.Impressed　　　B.Confused
C.Frightened　　　D.Annoyed
6.A.single　　　B.minor
C.false　　　D.diverse
7.A.attended　　　B.contributed
C.moved　　　D.objected
8.A.gratefully　　　B.currently
C.gradually　　　D.previously
9.A.destination　　　B.hometown
C.barrier　　　D.entrance
10.A.promotion　　　B.company
C.absence　　　D.criticism
11.A.recalled　　　B.promised
C.recommended　　　D.apologized
12.A.limited　　　B.discouraged
C.touched　　　D.recognized
13.A.language　　　B.family
C.career　　　D.accommodation
14.A.modest　　　B.enthusiastic
C.particular　　　D.sensitive
15.A.pity　　　B.advantage
C.return　　　D.affection
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES
Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.departure　考查名詞。句意:女士們,先生們,我們對這趟航班的起飛延誤表示歉意。此處為“the...of...”結構,空格處是中心詞,應用名詞形式。故填departure。
2.motivation　考查名詞。句意:有強大的動力是達成目標最重要的因素之一。設空處作Having的賓語,且由前面的冠詞a可知應用名詞。故填motivation。
3.a　考查冠詞。句意:她對抽象概念的把握很好,所以她能很快地回答問題。have a good grasp of...表示“對……的理解力強”,為固定用法。故填a。
4.applicants　考查名詞復數。句意:令我高興的是,我從數百名申請者中被選中參加開幕式。根據語境可知,此處指“申請人”,且由空前的hundreds of可知應用名詞復數。故填applicants。
5.with　考查介詞。句意:我們班的班主任對學生嚴格,這使家長們很滿意。be firm with...意為“對……嚴格”,為固定搭配。故填with。
6.from　考查介詞。句意:這部受我們歡迎的經典電視劇是根據一本世界上暢銷的小說改編的。adapt A from B表示“根據B改編A”,此處用的是其被動語態A is adapted from B,表示“A改編自B”。故填from。
7.to　考查介詞。句意:如果你想盡快提高你的英語水平,你最好讓你自己處于一個全英語環境中。expose...to...為固定搭配,表示“使……接觸……;使……面臨……”。故填to。
8.expectations; to visit　考查名詞復數和動詞不定式。句意:春天的西湖之美出乎了他的意料,他期待他的媽媽下次和他一起游覽西湖。beyond one's expectations表示“出乎某人的意料”;expect sb. to do sth.意為“期待某人做某事”。故第一空填expectations,第二空填to visit。
Ⅱ.題型(一)
1.Whether　考查主語從句。分析句子結構可知,“　　　 we'll go camping”為主語從句,設空處引導該從句,“depends on the weather”表示不確定能不能去露營,故設空處用Whether引導主語從句。
2.how　考查賓語從句。show sb. sth.是一個雙賓語結構,“　　　 his medical instruments were used”是一個賓語從句,作showed的直接賓語,設空處引導該從句,結合句意可知賓語從句中缺少狀語,表示“如何”。故填how。
3.what　考查賓語從句。“　　　 they had undertaken”是一個賓語從句,設空處引導該賓語從句,從句中undertaken后面缺少賓語,表示“承擔的事情”。故填what。
4.that　考查表語從句。“　　　 they won't produce any pollution”是一個表語從句,設空處引導該表語從句,從句中不缺少成分且意義完整。故填that。
5.it　考查it作形式主語。“that she always helps those who are homeless”是that引導的主語從句,設空處作形式主語。故填it。
6.who　考查賓語從句。“　　　 I am”是一個賓語從句,作know的賓語,設空處引導該從句,從句中缺少表語,且指人。故填who。
7.that　考查賓語從句。“my suggestion will be of great help to you”和“　　　 you will have a good time in China”為and連接的兩個并列的賓語從句,作hope的賓語,第二個賓語從句中不缺少成分且意義完整;當動詞后帶有多個that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可以省略,而其他的that一般不能省略。故填that。
8.that　考查主語從句。本句使用了“It is estimated that...”句型,其中It是形式主語,that引導的從句作真正的主語。故填that。
9.what　考查主語從句。“　　　 my children want to do after school”是主語從句,設空處引導該從句且在從句中作do的賓語,表示“想做的事情”。故填what。
10.that　考查同位語從句。“a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift”是fact的具體內容,所以設空處引導同位語從句,從句中不缺少成分且意義完整。故填that。
題型(二)
1.why he didn't recognize　2.Whoever comes to the classroom first　3.that; is the key to success
能力提升練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了大多數國際學生在美國遇到的一些文化沖擊。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Another culture shock is that, in America, there could be only one or two classes a day.Usually, they're conducted in the afternoon or in the evening.”可知,在美國的學校,一天只有一到兩節課,由此可知,美國學校的課的節數比預計的要少。故選B。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“However, that's not the case. The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish, French, German, and Chinese. So if you're familiar with any of the above-mentioned languages, you might get surprises.”可知,美國的居民通常會說西班牙語、法語、德語和漢語等語言,由此可知,外國留學生如果對上述任意一種語言熟悉的話,就可以使用自己的母語與他們進行交流,因此外國留學生不太在意語言障礙。故選D。
3.C　詞義猜測題。根據第五段中的“Many international students are used to using kilograms, metres, litres, degrees centigrade as the units of weight, length, volume, temperature.”可知,畫線詞所在段落講的是因計量單位不同而產生的文化沖擊;根據畫線單詞后面的句子“This system is quite puzzling to comprehend in the beginning for many international students.”可知,這個體系對于許多外國留學生來說理解起來還是很令人困惑的;畫線單詞后的“to see a different metric system in America”修飾畫線單詞,表示他們看到這一公制后感覺“困惑”,由此可知,該畫線單詞的意思為“困惑”。故選C。
4.C　主旨大意題。根據首段中的“Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across.”并結合下文對具體的文化沖擊的介紹可知,本文主要講述的是國際學生在美國可能經歷的文化沖擊,所以C項“國際學生在美國可能經歷的文化沖擊”符合文章的主題。故選C。
【高頻詞匯】　1.come across遇到　2.multiple adj.多種多樣的　3.comprehend v.理解　4.depend on 取決于;依賴　5.fluently adv.流利地　6.official adj.官方的
【熟詞生義】　1.break n.休息　2.unit n.單位
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了到國外留學所面臨的三個不利的情況——文化障礙、凡事靠自己和高昂的費用。
1.B　細節句。根據上文提到的“溝通對于效率至關重要”以及下文提到的“了解你被期望的流利程度是重要的”可推知,設空處可能陳述語言交流、溝通等方面的內容。所以B項“語言障礙存在于每個國家”符合語境。故選B。
2.D　細節句。根據本段小標題可知本段主要講文化障礙。設空處上文提到“所有的一切,從食物、宗教到交通系統和衣服的樣式可能都與你自己國家的不同”,即所在地與你的國家之間可能有很多文化差異,D項“這種文化沖擊可能導致焦慮和想家的感覺”銜接上文,指出了上文可能產生的后果,符合語境。故選D。
3.G　細節句。本段小標題提到“你只能靠自己”,設空處上文提到“你們中的有些人可能第一次體驗到某些方面的獨立”,G項“也許你從來沒有獨自生活過,或還沒有出國旅行過”是對上文“某些方面的獨立”的舉例說明,同時呼應小標題。故選G。
4.A　主旨句。下文講了在國外生活時,旅行費用、學費、書本、食宿、賬單、交通和總的生活開支會迅速增加,由此可知,本段主要介紹在國外學習費用很高這一劣勢。故A項“在國外學習費用很高”能夠概括本段內容。故選A。
5.F　細節句。該段主要講出國留學的費用問題,F項“根據你選擇到國外什么地方學習,你的費用可能相差很大”也是關于出國留學費用的討論,符合語境。故選F。
【高頻詞匯】　1.worthwhile adj.值得的;值得花時間的
2.disadvantage n.不利因素　3.essential adj.完全必要的;極其重要的　4.efficiency n.效率　5.cope with應付,處理　6.aspect n.方面;層面　7.independence n.獨立,自立　8.set aside 留出,省出
【差距詞匯】　intimidating adj.令人膽怯的
長難句
原句　Because some of the worst symptoms of culture shock can result from the realization that you no longer have your friends and family alongside you, it's important to be fully prepared for this transition.
分析　本句為主從復合句。連詞Because引導原因狀語從句;realization后的that引導同位語從句。
譯文　因為文化沖擊的一些最嚴重的癥狀可能是由你意識到身邊不再有朋友和家人而造成的,所以為這種轉變做好充分的準備是很重要的。
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了來自俄羅斯的Gulnara Tolmacheva一直想成為一名老師,她在新疆的克拉瑪依定居下來并實現了自己的夢想。
1.D　考查動詞短語。A.落后;B.爆炸;C.使離開;D.定居下來。根據下文中的“she lives in Xinjiang”可知,她在克拉瑪依定居下來。故選D。
2.C　考查動詞。根據上文中的“wanted to be a tutor”和空后的“Russian in a local university”可知,她現在是一名老師,在一所大學教俄語。故選C。
3.B　考查介詞短語。A.如果,假使;B.盡管;C.就……而言;D.代替。句中的“having interest in the Chinese culture during her childhood”和“Tolmacheva didn't 　4　 China until 2009”之間是讓步關系,雖然她從小對中國文化感興趣,但直到2009年才有機會來到中國。故選B。
4.A　考查動詞。根據下文中的“I saw different ethnic groups and busy night markets”可知,她2009年切實地來到了中國。故選A。
5.A　考查動詞。根據句中的“she chose to study Chinese in Urumqi”可知,她對烏魯木齊印象深刻,所以才在這里學習漢語。故選A。
6.D　考查形容詞。根據上文中的“people of different ethnic groups”可知,新疆有不同的民族群體,所以有多元化的文化。故選D。
7.C　考查動詞。根據空后的“to Karamay in 2019 after getting a job offer there”可知,她在克拉瑪依得到了一份工作,于是和家人一起搬到了這里。故選C。
8.D　考查副詞。根據句中的“but now she considers Karamay as her second 　9　”中的but可知,前后語義相反,這里是說她以前對這座城市了解不多。故選D。
9.B　考查名詞。根據上文中的“she lives in Xinjiang”和“Tolmacheva and her family moved to Karamay”可知,她搬到了克拉瑪依,在這里定居下來,所以這里是她的第二故鄉。故選B。
10.B　考查名詞。根據空前的“The friendship and”和空后的“of my students and colleagues made me feel at home”可知,這里與and前的friendship并列,表達的意義在情感上相承,同事和學生的陪伴讓她感覺賓至如歸。故選B。
11.A　考查動詞。根據空前她說的話“The friendship and company of my students and colleagues made me feel at home”可知,這是她的回憶。故選A。
12.C　考查動詞。根據空后的“by the kindness and warmth of those around her”可知,周圍人的善良和溫暖讓她感動不已。故選C。
13.A　考查名詞。根據下文中的“I tried my best to teach them Russian songs and organize short plays during courses”可知,她努力在課堂上教學生們俄語歌曲并組織短劇(表演),這些都能給學生們提供一個學習俄語的良好語言環境。故選A。
14.B　考查形容詞。根據空后的“about finishing her doctoral degree”可知,她想要攻讀完博士學位,對這件事充滿熱情。故選B。
15.D　考查名詞。根據空后的“for her job”并結合上文她努力教學生們學好俄語的做法可知,她非常喜歡自己的工作。have a(n)...affection for...意為“對……有著……喜愛”。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.far away from 遠離　2.local adj.當地的
3.especially adv.尤其　4.consider...as...把……當作……
5.degree n.學位
【差距詞匯】　ethnic adj.民族的
長難句
原句　She was especially surprised at the way people of different ethnic groups were getting along in Xinjiang.
分析　本句為主從復合句。the way后是省略了關系詞的定語從句。當定語從句中的先行詞為the way,關系詞在從句中作方式狀語時,關系詞可以用that或in which,也可以省略。
譯文　她對不同民族群體的人在新疆的相處方式感到特別驚訝。
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