資源簡介 Unit 5 Play by the rules 知識點總結(外研版八年級上冊)一、單元主題與學習目標主題:圍繞規則展開,涉及規則的遵守、制定及相關責任與尊重等內容。目標:聽:能聽懂介紹規則的錄音,抓住主題及關鍵信息。說:能辯論是否遵循規則,為班級制定新規則。讀:能讀懂有關規則和建議的文章。寫:能為現代生活新事物寫規則清單。二、重點詞匯(一)核心單詞post prep. 在……的后面packet n. 小包,小盒picnic n. 野餐smelly adj. 有臭味的noise n. 噪聲reduce v. 減少,降低seat n. 座位passenger n. 乘客fool n. 蠢人sign n. 標記,指示牌responsibility n. 責任belt n. 腰帶station n. 車站flowerpot n. 花盆honesty n. 誠實respect v. 尊重spread v. 傳播society n. 社會clear adj. 清楚的flag n. 旗幟slide v. 滑行case n. 事例urgent adj. 緊急的guest n. 賓客experienced adj. 有經驗的lawyer n. 律師whether conj. 是否argument n. 論點netizen n. 網民citizen n. 公民click n. 點擊private adj. 個人的password n. 密碼careless adj. 粗心的aware adj. 意識到的stranger n. 陌生人cheat v. 欺騙enemy n. 敵人cyberbullying n. 網絡欺凌(二)詞形變化fool n. → foolish adj. 愚蠢的responsibility n. → responsible adj. 負責的honesty n. → honest adj. 誠實的careless adj. → carelessness n. 粗心aware adj. → awareness n. 意識stranger n. → strange adj. 奇怪的(三)重點短語ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事look after 照顧follow rules 遵守規則take a deep breath 深吸一口氣face to face 面對面地get in touch 取得聯系turn to 求助于behave badly 行為不當三、重點詞匯用法詳解(一)order 的多義性作名詞:“順序”(keep...in order 保持有序)、“命令”(obey orders 服從命令)、“訂單”(offline orders 線下訂單)、“點菜”(take your order 點菜)。作動詞:“命令”(order sb. to do)、“訂購”(order from the factory)、“整理”(order my thoughts 整理思路)。(二)noise/voice/sound易混詞 用法 例句noise 指刺耳的噪音 Don't make so much noise.voice 指人的嗓音 Jane has a sweet voice.sound 指任何聲音 Sound travels slower than light.(三)reduce by 與 reduce to短語 用法 例句reduce by 減少了(幅度) The number reduced by 50.reduce to 減少到(具體數值) The price reduced to $50.(四)sign 的多義性作名詞:“指示牌”(No Swimming signs)、“標志”(a sign of reunion)、“跡象”(a sign of stress)。作動詞:“簽名”(sign your name),名詞形式為 signature(簽名)。(五)face to face 與 face-to-face短語 用法 例句face to face 作狀語 I want to talk face to face.face-to-face 作定語 a face-to-face talk四、重點句型解析不定式作目的狀語結構:to do / in order to do / so as to do,如:“I went to a quiet area in order to read.”(為了讀書,我去了安靜的車廂);“I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell.”(我捂住鼻子以減少氣味)。so that 與 in order that后接從句表目的,如:I work hard so that I can get good grades.(我努力學習以便取得好成績)。五、語法知識:動詞不定式作目的狀語不定式可表目的,位置靈活(句首/句尾),如:“To get there on time, I took a taxi.”(為了準時到達,我乘了出租車)。否定形式:not to do,如:He studied hard in order not to fail.(他努力學習以免不及格)。六、易混詞匯對比(一)careless/careful詞 含義 例句careless 粗心的 He made a careless mistake.careful 小心的 Be careful with the vase.(二)experienced/experience詞 詞性 用法experienced 形容詞 He is experienced in teaching.experience 名詞 Traveling is a good experience.七、教材原句解析“I took a deep breath and stood up.”解析:take a deep breath 表“深吸一口氣”,體現克服緊張的動作。“They set up fences and put up ‘No Swimming’ signs.”解析:put up signs 表“張貼標志”,說明通過規則保護安全的方式。八、學習策略與記憶技巧主題關聯記憶:將詞匯與“規則”綁定,如:follow rules(遵守規則)、sign(指示牌)、responsibility(責任)。詞形變化串聯:名詞變形容詞:fool→foolish、honesty→honest。形容詞變名詞:careless→carelessness、aware→awareness。語法口訣:“不定式,表目的,to do, in order to, so as to;句首句尾皆可放,否定前加 not 記。”短語對比:look after(照顧)vs look for(尋找)turn to(求助)vs turn on(打開)語境運用:用“遵守規則”主題造句,如:We must follow traffic rules.(我們必須遵守交通規則)。近義詞辨析:通過例句區分 noise/voice/sound,如:The noise woke me up.(噪音吵醒我);She has a beautiful voice.(她嗓音優美)。功能分類:將規則相關詞匯歸類,如:sign(標志)、rule(規則)、responsibility(責任),強化關聯。反義詞配對:careless(粗心)→ careful(細心);private(私人的)→ public(公共的)。介詞搭配:記憶 responsible for(對……負責)、aware of(意識到)。習語積累:take a deep breath(深吸氣)、face to face(面對面)。語法應用:刻意練習不定式作目的狀語,如:To keep safe, we follow rules.(為了安全,我們遵守規則)。場景聯想:想到“禁止標志”時,聯想 sign(指示牌)、no smoking(禁止吸煙)。構詞法記憶:掌握 -ment 后綴:argue→argument、develop→development。詞義拓展:了解 spread 既表“傳播”也表“攤開”,如:spread news(傳播消息)、spread papers(攤開文件)。副詞辨析:face to face(面對面)vs personally(親自),通過語境區分。句式轉換:將不定式目的狀語與 so that 轉換,如:He studies hard to pass→He studies hard so that he can pass.情感詞匯:區分 foolish(愚蠢的)和 fool(傻瓜),如:It's foolish to be a fool.實用短語:掌握 get in touch(取得聯系)的用法,如:We can get in touch via phone.(我們可通過電話聯系)。九、核心詞匯場景應用(一)smelly 的構詞與用法由“smell(氣味)+-y”構成,表“有臭味的”,如“smelly socks”(臭襪子)、“He had extremely smelly feet”(他的腳臭氣熏天)。其動詞形式為 smell,可作“發臭”(不及物)或“聞到”(及物),如“The rubbish started to smell”(垃圾開始發臭)、“The dog smelt a rabbit”(狗嗅到了兔子)。(二)responsibility 的搭配常見短語“a sense of responsibility”(責任感)、“take responsibility for...”(對……負責),如“Parents have a responsibility to educate their children”(父母有教育孩子的責任)、“Each of us must take responsibility for our own actions”(我們每個人都要對自己的行為負責)。(三)respect 的動詞與名詞用法作動詞:“His honesty made me respect him”(他的誠實讓我尊重他)。作名詞:搭配“show respect for...”(對……表示尊重),如“We should show respect for the old”(我們應該尊重老人)。十、短語辨析與拓展(一)reduce by 與 reduce to 的具體應用reduce by 強調減少的幅度,如“The company reduced the number of employees by 50”(公司減少了50名員工)。reduce to 強調減少后的結果,如“The price was reduced to $50”(價格降到了50美元)。(二)face to face 與 face-to-face 的用法差異face to face 作狀語,如“I want to talk with you face to face”(我想和你面對面談)。face-to-face 作定語,如“a face-to-face talk”(一次面對面的談話)。十一、語法難點突破(一)動詞不定式作目的狀語的多種表達常用結構:to do / in order to do / so as to do,如“To get there on time, I took a taxi”(為了準時到達,我乘了出租車);否定形式為“not to do”,如“He studied hard in order not to fail”(他努力學習以免不及格)。可與“so that + 從句”轉換,如“I work hard to get good grades = I work hard so that I can get good grades”(我努力學習以取得好成績)。十二、易混詞對比強化(一)noise/voice/sound 的細節區分noise 指“噪音”,如“Don't make so much noise”(別那么吵)。voice 指“人的嗓音”,如“Jane has a sweet voice”(簡的嗓音很甜)。sound 指“任何聲音”,如“Sound travels slower than light”(聲音比光傳播得慢)。(二)careless 與 careful 的反義應用careless(粗心的):“He made a careless mistake”(他犯了個粗心的錯誤)。careful(小心的):“Be careful with the vase”(小心那個花瓶)。十三、教材原句深度解析“I went to a quiet area in order to read.”解析:in order to 引導目的狀語,說明去安靜區域的目的是“讀書”,體現不定式表目的的用法。“They set up fences and put up ‘No Swimming’ signs along the river.”解析:put up signs 表示“張貼標志”,“No Swimming”是常見的規則類標志,體現規則的可視化形式。十四、學習誤區提醒誤:He reduced the price by 100 yuan.(×,若原價200元,此句表“減少了100元”,即現價100元,邏輯正確;若想表“降到100元”則應為 He reduced the price to 100 yuan.)區分 reduce by(減少幅度)與 reduce to(減少到的結果)。誤:We should show respect to the old.(×)正:We should show respect for the old.(√)(固定搭配 show respect for)。十五、文化與學科鏈接規則相關表達:公共標識:No Smoking(禁止吸煙)、No Parking(禁止停車),對應文檔中的“sign(指示牌)”用法。社會責任:a sense of responsibility(責任感)、follow social rules(遵守社會規則),體現規則與社會的關聯。十六、高頻考點鏈接題目:She took a deep ______ and entered the room.答案:breath(考查短語 take a deep breath)。題目:We need to ______ the noise in the library.A. reduce B. increase答案:A(圖書館需“減少”噪音,reduce 符合語境)。十七、記憶口訣匯總(一)不定式作目的狀語口訣“不定式,表目的,to do 帶頭不遲疑;in order to, so as to,句首句尾皆可居;否定就在 to 前加 not,so that 從句也可以。”(二)noise/voice/sound 辨析口訣“noise 噪音使人煩,voice 嗓音屬人言;sound 泛指一切聲,分類記憶不混亂。”十八、記憶技巧補充詞根詞綴串聯:名詞變形容詞:-y 后綴(smell→smelly、noise→noisy);-ful 后綴(care→careful)。動詞變名詞:-ment 后綴(argue→argument、develop→development)。場景歸類記憶:規則相關:sign(標志)、follow rules(遵守規則)、responsibility(責任)。感官相關:smelly(臭味的)、noise(噪音)、sound(聲音),集中記憶同一類別的詞匯。對比表格記憶:制作 reduce by/reduce to、face to face/face-to-face 等對比表,標注用法和例句,直觀區分差異。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫