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UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.Sometimes small gestures of care will possibly 　　　　(使軟化) people's heart.
2.Thee　　　　 of gases such as c　　　　 dioxide should be stabilized at the present level.
3.This is the　　　　(全部的) process of the event, which has attracted 　　　　(世界各地的) attention.
4.The concert was 　　　　(播放) live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.
5.Local scenic areas have moved quickly to capitalize on(充分利用) market 　　　　(趨勢) like the ice and snow boom and continuously launched marketing events.
6.The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the 　　　　(政策) has shown.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.The speed of vehicles is restricted　　　　　 30 mph in towns in this country.
2.The shortage of funds constitutes an obstacle to the 　　　　　(sustain) economic development.
3.My main task is to make the house 　　　　　(habit) and help my family easily fall asleep.
4.Spotting a thief in the street, the policeman charged forward straight away and seized him 　　　　　 the arm.
5.It's reported that many famous 　　　　　 analyzed how the “greenhouse effect” has an effect on the earth 　　　　　.(ecology)
6.In the past, some people suffered from 　　　　　(starve), but now more are starving themselves 　　　　　(lose) weight and get slim.
7.The “facepalm(捂臉)” is one of the 10 hottest emojis nowadays used by young people, which is 　　　　　(frequent) employed in online chats.
8.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, 　　　　　(release) the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌頭).
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.我們相信他能妥善處理這次事故。(doubt)
We 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he can deal with the accident properly.
2.一些在運動中受了重傷的人或許以后會放棄他們最喜愛的運動。(sustain)
Some people　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the exercise may give up their favorite sports later.
3.毫無疑問,家是一個成員們應該相互理解和享受愛的地方。(doubt)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　home is a place where members should understand each other and enjoy love.(讀后續寫—主旨升華)
4.我們認為有必要抓住這次機會喚醒人們的環保意識。(seize;it作形式主語)
We think　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to arouse people's awareness of environmental protection.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact　1　 the animals. In 2013, the whole world 　2　(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, 　3　(probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.
What is causing the increase Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 　4　 includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 　5　 big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 　6　(leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural 　7　(disaster).
Climate scientists warn actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a　8　(high) price to pay. Governments should take measures 　9　(reduce) greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 　10　 (different) by reducing the carbon dioxide they produce.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Two disabled Chinese citizens who have planted trees　1　(voluntary) in Northern China have been voted(選出) the grassroots heroes by the netizens.
The vote　2　(organize) by Xinhua News Agency since 2010 to inspire moral strength in the public by highlighting the good deeds of ordinary people. The event is the first of its kind 　3　(find) heroes among the grassroots people.
Jia Wenqi and Jia Haixia, both of　4　 are aged over 50, have physical disabilities. Disabled 　5　 they are, they have planted over 10,000 trees in Jingxing County since 2002, conserving the ecology of the area.
“I am his hands;he is my eyes,” says Haixia. “We are good partners.”
Fully　6　(devote) to protecting the environment, they have turned the wasteland into a green one, which attracts 　7　 large number of birds. 　8　(plant) trees has become an important part of their life.
Despite their disabilities, they form a great team that makes a huge　9　(different). They deserve to be called heroes 　10　 their unusual effort and amazing deed!
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
As awareness of climate change grows, so does the desire to do something about it. One way to gain a quantifiable(可量化的) understanding of the impacts of our actions, for good and bad, is through what is known as a carbon footprint. While the concept is gaining traction, it is not always fully understood.
According to Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster University in the UK and author of How Bad Are Bananas :The Carbon Footprint of Everything, a carbon footprint is “the sum total of all the greenhouse gas emissions that had to take place in order for a product to be produced or for an activity to take place”.
What steps a person can take to reduce their personal footprint depends on the kind of lifestyle they presently live, and the same actions are not equally effective for everyone. Berners-Lee notes that “for some people, flying may be 10 percent of their footprint, for some people it's zero, and for some it's such a huge number that it should be the only thing they should be thinking about”.
It isn't easy to calculate a carbon footprint. The earliest such calculator is thought to have appeared in 2004 as part of the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints as an indication that climate change is not the fault of an oil giant, but that of individuals.
“I would say personal carbon footprint calculators are a useful tool to assess the impact of your immediate actions,” Berners-Lee says. “But what's much more important than your personal carbon footprint is your climate shadow, which aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one's choices and the impact they have on the planet, for example, how you vote, where you work, how you invest your money, and how much you talk about climate change.”
1.What does the underlined word “traction” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Control.　　　B.Insight.　　　C.Attention.　　　D.Power.
2.How does Berners-Lee explain his opinion according to paragraph 3
A.By presenting a fact.　　　B.By giving suggestions.
C.By clarifying a concept.　　　D.By making a comparison.
3.What is the observers' attitude to the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP
A.Unclear.　　　B.Favorable.　　　C.Tolerant.　　　D.Disapproving.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Tools are more important than choices.
B.The climate shadow covers a broad range of actions.
C.Calculating carbon footprints is the most effective.
D.Only individuals are responsible for climate change.
B
A new study says that no matter how much the world cuts back on greenhouse gases, a large and important part of ice of Antarctica(南極洲) is expected to disappear.
Researchers used computer models to expect the future melting of protective ice around Antarctica's Amundsen Sea in western Antarctica. They say the melting will take hundreds of years. It will slowly add nearly 1.8 meters to sea level. And it will be enough to change where and how people live in the future.
The study found that even if future warming was restricted to just a few tenths of a degree more, it would have limited power to prevent ocean warming that could lead to the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The lead writer Kaitlin Naughten is an expert on oceans at the British Antarctic Survey. She said their research suggests that Earth is set on the path to a quickly increasing speed of ocean warming and ice shelf melting over the rest of the century.
While past studies have talked about how serious the situation is, Naughten was the first to use computer modeling to study how warm water from below would melt the ice. The study looked at four different cases of how many greenhouse gases the world produces. In each case, ocean warming was just too much for this area of ice to survive.
Naughten looked at floating areas of ice that hold back glaciers(冰川). Once ice melts, there is nothing to stop the glaciers from flowing(流) into the sea.
The study also looked at what would happen if future warming was limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius over mid-19th century levels: the international goal. They found the rapid melting process in this case as well.
The world has already warmed about 1.2 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times and much of this summer went past the 1.5 degrees mark.
5.Which can best describe the findings of the study
A.Cheerful.　　　B.Encouraging.　　　
C.Misleading.　　　D.Disappointing.
6.What makes Naughten's work on Antarctic ice special
A.Her research area.　　　B.Her research time.　　　
C.Her research method.　　　D.Her research purpose.
7.What do we know about floating areas of ice
A.They will flow into the sea.　　　B.They protect the Antarctic ice.
C.They have warmed about 1.2℃.　　　D.They disappear faster than other ice.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Ice in Parts of Antarctica Will Disappear　　　
B.Climate Change Will Harm Humans
C.Sea Level Will Rise Suddenly in the Future　　　
D.Limiting Greenhouse Gases Makes No Sense
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.melt　2.emission;carbon　3.comprehensive;worldwide
4.broadcast　5.trends　6.policy
Ⅱ.1.to　考查介詞。句意:在這個國家的城鎮,車輛的速度被限制在每小時30英里。be restricted to為固定搭配,表示“被限制在……”,故填to。
2.sustainable　考查形容詞。句意:資金不足是經濟持續發展的攔路虎。設空處修飾名詞development,應用形容詞。故填sustainable。
3.habitable　考查形容詞。句意:我主要的任務是使房子變得適合居住,并幫助我的家人容易入睡。設空處作賓語補足語,對賓語the house進行補充說明,應用形容詞。故填habitable。
4.by　考查介詞。句意:警察在街上發現一個小偷,就立刻沖上前去抓住他的胳膊。“seize sb. by the+身體部位”意為“抓住某人的某個部位”。故填by。
5.ecologists;ecologically　考查名詞和副詞。句意:據報道,許多著名的生態學家都從生態學的角度分析了“溫室效應”對地球的影響。第一空作主語,且前面有many famous,所以應用名詞復數,故填ecologists;第二空作狀語,應用副詞,故填ecologically。
6.starvation;to lose　考查名詞和動詞不定式。句意:過去一些人遭受饑餓之苦,但現在更多的人卻通過節食來減肥并且變得苗條。第一空作賓語,應用名詞,suffer from starvation意為“遭受饑餓之苦”,故填starvation;設空處作目的狀語,應用動詞不定式,故第二空填to lose。
7.frequently　考查副詞。句意:“捂臉”是現在年輕人使用的最熱門的10個表情符號之一,它在網絡聊天中被頻繁使用。空格處位于助動詞is和過去分詞employed之間,作狀語,表示“經常地;頻繁地”,應用副詞。故填frequently。
8.releasing　考查現在分詞。句意:想要吃一個的話,你必須決定是先咬一個小洞,釋放蒸汽,冒湯汁溢出的風險,還是把整個小籠包塞進嘴里,讓熱湯汁在舌頭上爆裂。分析句子可知,句中已有謂語動詞,所以設空處應用非謂語動詞;提示詞release與其邏輯主語you之間為主動關系,所以應用現在分詞作狀語。故填releasing。
Ⅲ.1.don't doubt that　2.sustaining a serious injury
3.There is no doubt that　4.it is necessary to seize the opportunity
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.on/upon　考查介詞。have an impact on/upon為固定搭配,表示“對……有影響”。故填on或upon。
2.was shocked　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。設空處作謂語,根據時間狀語In 2013可知應用一般過去時;主語the whole world(單數)與提示詞shock之間為被動關系(整個世界被震驚),所以應用被動語態。故填was shocked。
3.probably　考查副詞。設空處作狀語,應用副詞。故填probably。
4.which　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,前面是名詞短語the greenhouse effect,故推測設空處引導定語從句且在從句中作主語,故用which引導從句。
5.a　考查冠詞。設空處后面的problem是可數名詞,此處表示泛指,且big的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
6.leaving　考查現在分詞。分析句子可知,句中已有謂語動詞,所以設空處應用非謂語動詞;設空處所在部分是前面所描述情況的自然而然的結果,所以應用現在分詞作結果狀語。故填leaving。
7.disasters　考查名詞復數。根據語境可知,設空處表示的自然災害不止一種,應用名詞復數。故填disasters。
8.higher　考查形容詞的比較級。根據語境和Otherwise可知這里含有比較的意思,應用形容詞的比較級。故填higher。
9.to reduce　考查動詞不定式。take measures to do sth.為固定搭配,意為“采取措施做某事”。故填to reduce。
10.difference　考查名詞。make a difference為固定搭配,表示“有影響;起作用”。故填difference。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　 本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了賈文其和賈海霞兩位均已年過半百的殘疾老人因多年來堅持植樹造林而被網民票選為“草根英雄”的事跡。
1.voluntarily　考查副詞。句意:兩名在中國北方自愿植樹的殘疾的中國公民被網民票選為“草根英雄”。設空處修飾從句謂語,應用副詞。故填voluntarily。
2.has been organized　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:該投票自2010年起由新華社組織,旨在通過突出普通人的善舉來激發公眾的道德力量。設空處作謂語,根據句中的時間狀語since 2010可知應用現在完成時;主語The vote(單數)與提示詞organize之間為被動關系,所以應用被動語態。故填has been organized。
3.to find　考查動詞不定式。句意:這項活動是這類活動(在基層群眾中尋找英雄)中最早的一個。設空處修飾序數詞first,應用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填to find。
4.whom　考查定語從句。句意:賈文其和賈海霞均已年過半百,他們有身體殘疾。分析句子可知,both of 　4　引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞Jia Wenqi and Jia Haixia指人,關系詞作介詞of的賓語。故填whom。
5.as/though　考查讓步狀語從句。句意:盡管他們是殘疾人,但自2002年以來,他們在井陘縣種植了上萬棵樹,保護了該地區的生態。分析句子可知,設空處引導讓步狀語從句,從句表語被提到句首,形成了倒裝結構。故填as或though。
易錯歸因
本題容易錯填although。as引導讓步狀語從句時必須使用倒裝結構;though引導讓步狀語從句時可以使用倒裝結構(也可以不使用);although引導讓步狀語從句時不能使用倒裝結構。所以本空不能填although。
6.devoted　考查形容詞。句意:他們完全致力于保護環境,把荒地變成了綠地,吸引了大量的鳥。be devoted to意為“致力于……”,此處作狀語,直接用devoted to。故填devoted。
7.a　考查冠詞。句意同上題。a large number of意為“大量的”。故填a。
8.Planting　考查動詞-ing形式。句意:植樹已成為他們生活的重要組成部分。設空處作主語,表示泛指的、一般的動作,應用動詞-ing形式。設空處位于句首,首字母要大寫。故填Planting。
9.difference　考查名詞。句意:盡管他們身有殘疾,但他們組成了一個偉大的團隊,產生了巨大的影響。make a difference意為“有影響;起作用”。故填difference。
10.for　考查介詞。句意:因非凡的努力和驚人的行為,他們值得被稱為英雄!根據語境可知,此處表示“因為”,應用介詞for。
【高頻詞匯】　1.disabled adj.殘疾的 disability n.殘疾　2.moral adj.道德的　3.strength n.力量　4.public n.公眾
5.highlight v.強調　6.deed n.行為　7.(be) devoted to致力于……　8.form v.組建;形成　9.deserve v.值得
【差距詞匯】　grassroots adj.基層的;草根的
Ⅲ.A
◎語篇解讀　 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了碳足跡的定義以及如何通過碳足跡來量化地了解我們的行為的影響。
1.C　詞義猜測題。畫線詞上文提到,隨著人們對氣候變化的意識日益增強,對氣候變化采取行動的愿望也越來越強烈;畫線詞所在句子的后半句提到,它并不總是被完全理解;再根據表示讓步意義的While可知,“碳足跡”這個概念正在得到關注,但沒有被完全理解。所以畫線詞traction意為“關注,知名度”,與attention同義。故選C。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“for some people, flying may be 10 percent of their footprint, for some people it's zero, and for some it's such a huge number that it should be the only thing they should be thinking about”可推斷,Berners-Lee通過作比較來解釋他的觀點。故選D。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“The earliest such calculator... the ‘Beyond Petroleum’ campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints”可推斷,觀察家們對該運動持反對態度。故選D。
4.B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“But what's much more important than your personal carbon footprint is your climate shadow, which aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one's choices and the impact they have on the planet”可推斷,氣候的影響涵蓋了廣泛的行為。故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.awareness n.意識　2.desire n.渴望
3.gain v.得到　4.concept n.概念;觀念　5.reduce v.減少
6.equally adv.同樣地;平等地　7.effective adj.有效的　8.criticize v.批評　9.individual n.個人　10.immediate adj.立即的
【熟詞生義】　pressure n.催促;要求;呼吁;強迫
長難句
原句　The earliest such calculator is thought to have appeared in 2004 as part of the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints as an indication that climate change is not the fault of an oil giant, but that of individuals.
分析　本句為主從復合句。which引導非限制性定語從句,修飾前面整個主句;第一個that引導同位語從句,解釋說明其前邊的名詞indication的內容。
譯文　據稱最早的此類計算器出現在2004年,是石油巨頭英國石油公司“不僅貢獻石油”運動的一部分,這導致觀察家們批評這種減少個人碳足跡的呼吁,稱其暗示氣候變化不是石油巨頭的錯而是個人的錯。
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。研究發現南極洲部分地區的冰將消失,文章說明了研究開展的方式和研究的有關發現。
5.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“limited power to prevent ocean warming”和“the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet”可推斷,這項研究的發現是令人失望的。故選D。
6.C　細節理解題。根據第五段中的“Naughten was the first to use computer modeling to study how warm water from below would melt the ice”可知,Naughten的研究的特別之處在于她的研究方法。故選C。
7.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第三段可知,浮冰區域可以保護南極洲的冰。故選B。
8.A　主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講了研究發現南極洲部分地區的冰將消失,接著第二段到最后一段說明了研究開展的方式和研究的有關發現。所以A項“南極洲部分地區的冰將消失”最適合作為文章標題。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.cut back on 削減　2.disappear v.消失　3.protective adj.保護的　4.breakdown n.分解　5.survive v.幸存　6.floating adj.漂浮的　7.hold back阻止
8.process n.過程
長難句
原句　The study found that even if future warming was restricted to just a few tenths of a degree more, it would have limited power to prevent ocean warming that could lead to the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
分析　本句為主從復合句。第一個that引導賓語從句,作found的賓語;even if引導讓步狀語從句;第二個that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞ocean warming。
譯文　該研究發現,即使未來氣溫上升幅度被限制在僅僅零點幾攝氏度的范圍內,阻止海洋變暖的能力有限,而海洋變暖可能導致西南極冰蓋的崩塌。
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