資源簡介

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.The Smiths will give it a 　　　　(徹底的) clean before moving into the new house.
2.We were only able to make ar　　　　 estimate of how much money would be required.
3.You can't go out now because your hair is still 　　　　(潮濕的). You should be careful not to catch a cold.
4.He was among the three 　　　　(候選人) who had been competing to serve as the chairman of the student union.
5.(易錯題)The main reason why I like these pieces of 　　　　(家具) is that they suit the style of my house.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.If we continue to damage nature, someday it will be cruel 　　　　　 us.
2.　　　　　(unfortunate), due to the bad weather, the annual show has been cancelled.
3.Under the 　　　　　(guide) of the hunter, we finally went out of the mysterious forest.
4.Nowadays many enterprises believe that a good 　　　　　(advertise) campaign will increase their sales.
5.By 12 April, 2024, more than two hundred people had been assigned 　　　　　(support) that mountainous area.
Ⅲ.單元語法專練
題型(一)
1.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
—The new Star Wars. We 　　　　　(wait) here for more than two hours.
2.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson 　　　　　(offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.
3.The woman　　　　　(make) shoes since she was 19 years old and this year marks her 31st year in making cloth shoes.
4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she 　　　　　(study) English for a year.
5.In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished(營養不良) people in the world 　　　　　(rise), despite great advances in nutrition science.
6. Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I 　　　　　(help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
題型(二)
用現在完成進行時或現在完成時完成句子
1.最近我們常常見面。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　each other frequently recently.
2.這場森林大火到現在已經燒了很多天。
Until now the forest fire　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for dozens of days.
3.我已經修好了自行車,所以這周末我們可以去騎車了。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, so we can go cycling this weekend.
4.他從8歲開始就一直在打籃球,并且已經贏得了很多獎牌。
He　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 since he was eight and has won many medals.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was trailing(落后) for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability. This was the same belief that I tried to instill into my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing. I saw the resolve on his as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie(打成平局), but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, and he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul(犯規).
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able totune out all the distractions and nail the free throw(罰球) with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times.
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
1.What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first
A.The team would finally win.　　　
B.The team would lose the home match.
C.The team would win the championship.　　　
D.The team would lose the away match.
2.What can we know about the author according to paragraph 2
A.He is hardworking and intelligent.　　　
B.He is self-confident and optimistic.
C.He is self-doubting and pessimistic.　　　
D.He is easy-going and warm-hearted.
3.What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Avoid.　　　B.Focus.　　　C.Create.　　　D.Receive.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Father and Son in Life　　　B.It Matters Whether You Win or Lose
C.A Lesson in Life and Basketball　　　D.Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball
Ⅱ.七選五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆Be aware, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. 　1　 To avoid or resist it will only make it persist(持續). Everywhere you look in the world is full of visible difficulties. There are disasters of all types such as floods, tsunamis and wars. Although miserable pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating(培養) emotional vigour, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. 　2　
◆Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. 　3　 We need someone to talk to, and someone to help ease the burden. You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help you get through the difficult time.
◆What does not defeat you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience(韌性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. 　4　 Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆Draw inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable(無法克服的) difficulties. 　5　 For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A.Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B.But just knowing that a friend is there can be most comforting.
C.But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D.He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E.When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F.Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G.They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
Looking at a timeline of Kirstie Ennis' life, it's clear that to call her a go-getter would be a considerable understatement. By 31, she has made remarkable 　1　, such as gaining three master's degrees, walking 1,000 miles across England, and climbing six of the world's tallest mountains, all after 　2 　 a tragic accident.
In 2012, the former soldier　3　 survived in a helicopter crash. Undergoing surgery, she eventually lost her left 　4 　 due to serious infection. Forced into medical retirement, Ennis needed to 　5　 a way to both process her trauma(創傷) and continue to 　6　 people, one of her main reasons for joining the army.
She found the answer in the great　7　　. She began snowboarding and diving, participating in events to raise money for nonprofits. Soon, she had a more specific goal in mind: She would mount all Seven Summits—the highest 　8　 on each of the seven continents. Since 2017, she's checked six of them off her list. Next spring, she would set to explore her final 　9　, the most difficult climb, Mount Qomolangma.
She has also set up the Kirstie Ennis Foundation, offering educational and　10　opportunities to people like her and introducing medical device technology to underserved parts of the world. Its assignment is to 　11　 individuals to bravely get over the mountains in front of them.
Ennis　12　 doubt about her capabilities. “People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’ 　13　 I enjoy the challenge, and being the underdog,” She added. “I'm 　14　 of myself and I want to show people that with self-belief and 　15　, nothing is impossible.”
1.A.commitments　　　B.discoveries
C.contributions　　　D.achievements
2.A.witnessing　　　B.overcoming
C.preventing　　　D.investigating
3.A.barely　　　B.slightly
C.probably　　　D.genuinely
4.A.arm　　　B.eye
C.leg　　　D.ear
5.A.beg for　　　B.agree on
C.make up　　　D.figure out
6.A.teach　　　B.amuse
C.assist　　　D.comfort
7.A.cities　　　B.majority
C.tradition　　　D.outdoors
8.A.degrees　　　B.peaks
C.levels　　　D.awards
9.A.stage　　　B.project
C.frontier　　　D.chance
10.A.healing　　　B.cultural
C.financial　　　D.voluntary
11.A.unite　　　B.inspire
C.educate　　　D.accompany
12.A.voices　　　B.spreads
C.ignores　　　D.welcomes
13.A.Yet　　　B.Then
C.Once　　　D.Soon
14.A.proud　　　B.ashamed
C.critical　　　D.cautious
15.A.sincerity　　　B.patience
C.generosity　　　D.perseverance
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 2　Learning About Language &
Using Language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.thorough　2.rough　3.damp　4.candidates
5.furniture
易錯歸因
本題容易受前面these pieces of的誤導,錯填furnitures,我們要牢記furniture是不可數名詞。
Ⅱ.1.to　考查介詞。句意:如果我們繼續破壞自然,總有一天它會對我們殘酷。be cruel to...表示“對……殘酷”。故填to。
2.Unfortunately　考查副詞。句意:不幸的是,由于糟糕的天氣,一年一次的演出被取消了。該空位于句首,后面有逗號,逗號后句子成分完整,所以設空處應作狀語,修飾整個句子,應用副詞。故填Unfortunately。
3.guidance　考查名詞。句意:在獵人的指引下,我們終于走出了這片神秘的森林。under the guidance of為固定搭配, 表示“在……的指引下”。故填guidance。
4.advertising　考查名詞。句意:如今,很多公司都認為良好的廣告宣傳活動會增加他們的銷售量。設空處修飾其后的名詞campaign,應用名詞作定語,advertising campaign意為“廣告宣傳活動”。故填advertising。
5.to support　考查動詞不定式。句意:截至2024年4月12日,兩百多個人已經被派去支援那個山區。assign sb. to do sth.意為“指派某人做某事”,此處為其被動形式。故填to support。
Ⅲ.題型(一)
1.have been waiting　句意:——不好意思,你們在等哪部電影 ——新的《星球大戰》。我們已經在這里等了兩個多小時了。根據句中的for more than two hours和語境可知,我們已經等了兩個多小時了,并且還有可能繼續等下去,所以用現在完成進行時;主語為We,故填have been waiting。
2.has been offering　句意:76歲的威爾遜是一個退休的工程師,他在過去八年里一直為大學生提供免費乘車服務。根據句中的 for the past eight years和語境可知,威爾遜在過去的八年里一直為大學生提供免費乘車服務,并且很可能繼續下去,所以用現在完成進行時;主語為第三人稱單數,故填has been offering。
3.has been making　句意:這位女士從19歲起就一直在做鞋,今年是她做布鞋的第31個年頭。根據句中的since she was 19 years old和語境可知,這位女士一直在做鞋,并且有可能繼續做下去,所以用現在完成進行時;主語為The woman,故填has been making。
4.has been studying　句意:凱西正在陽光學校的課堂上記語法規則的筆記,她在那里學習英語已經一年了。根據句中的for a year和語境可知,凱西在那里學習英語已經一年了,并且很可能繼續下去,所以用現在完成進行時;主語為she,故填has been studying。
5.has been rising　句意:在最新的聯合國全球糧食安全報告中,盡管營養科學取得了巨大的進步,但是世界上營養不良的人口數量仍在增加。根據句中的In the latest UN report和語境可知,世界上營養不良的人口數量一直在增加,并且很可能繼續增加,所以用現在完成進行時;“the number of+n.”作主語時謂語動詞用單數,故填has been rising。
6.have been helping　句意:從2017年6月開始,就在兩只新大熊貓“夢夢”和“嬌慶”到來之前,我一直在幫助動物園的熊貓飼養員更輕松、更自信地說英語。根據句中的Since June 2017和語境可知,“我”一直在幫助熊貓飼養員提高英語口語水平,并且很可能繼續下去,所以用現在完成進行時;主語為I,故填have been helping。
題型(二)
1.We have been seeing　2.has been burning　3.I have fixed the bike　4.has been playing basketball
能力提升練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者在觀看兒子籃球比賽的過程中,看到兒子的球隊在比賽臨近尾聲并處于劣勢的情況下,依然滿懷信心、堅持不懈,最后獲得了勝利。這番情景讓剛剛失業的作者消除了自我懷疑,重新燃起了努力生活的斗志。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and...Nathan's team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”可知,一開始的時候,作者為自己的兒子感到難過,他兒子所在的隊在球場上正面臨困境,他們是在客場比賽,他兒子所在的隊在比賽舉行了四分之三的時候處于落后狀態,所以作者認為自己兒子所在的球隊會輸掉客場比賽。故選D。
2.B　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability.”可知,作者對自己充滿了信心,同時也很樂觀。故選B。
3.A　詞義猜測題。根據畫線短語后面的“nail the free throw with such skill”可知,Nathan只有“不理睬”所有讓人分心的事物才能投中罰球,所以畫線短語意為“不理睬”,A項“避免;避開”與此最為接近。故選A。
4.C　主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是根據最后一段中的“That brief moment...but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.”可知,作者的兒子在球場上的堅持不懈教會了作者在生活中也應堅持不懈,C項“A Lesson in Life and Basketball”緊扣文章主題,最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
【高頻詞匯】　1.opponent n.對手　2.proceed v.接著做;繼而做　3.determination n.決心　4.(be) bursting with...滿懷……　5.in the face of...面對……　6.estimate v.估計
7.optimistic adj.樂觀的　8.pessimistic adj.悲觀的
長難句
原句　As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt.
分析　本句為主從復合句。As引導時間狀語從句;that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞a shot。
譯文　當Nathan站在罰球線上準備一個將使他的球隊領先三分的投籃時,我看到了他臉上的專注和決心——沒有自我懷疑的余地。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了幾種克服逆境的方法。
1.A　細節句。空前句告訴我們逆境不可避免;空后說明避免或抵制逆境只會讓它持續下去,故推測設空處也應說明逆境不可避免,A項“不管我們喜歡與否,逆境都是生活的一部分”符合語境。故選A。
2.F　細節句。設空處前文講到,當你意識到有些困難不可避免時,你就能讓自己在心理上為面對逆境做好準備,F項“通常,當你做好最壞的準備時,最壞的事情永遠不會發生”順承前文,指出了前文產生的作用,符合語境。F項中的“prepared for”與前文的“prepare”照應。故選F。
3.E　細節句。本段主旨句告訴我們建立外部資源。設空處后一句講我們需要有人可以與之傾訴,有人幫助減輕負擔,E項“當進展艱難時,我們都需要鼓勵和支持”引起下文,同時與本段主旨句吻合。故選E。
4.C　細節句。本段告訴我們逆境的雙重作用。設空處上一句說明如果沒有足夠的韌性或解決困難的經驗,逆境就會摧毀你,C項“但如果你有足夠的韌性,它會讓你更強大”承接上文,從正反兩方面描述逆境的作用,與本段主旨相符。故選C。
5.G　過渡句。根據本段主旨句可知,本段介紹了我們應向別人學習。根據設空處前一句“There are many inspiring stories of people...difficulties.”及空后具體的例子可知,G項“他們克服了逆境,而不是向逆境屈服,過上了成功的生活”承接上文,同樣描述此類人克服困難,同時引出下文的例子,符合語境。故選G。
【高頻詞匯】　1.overcome v.克服　2.resist v.抵制;抵抗
3.ease v.減輕,緩和　4.burden n.負擔;重負　5.get through度過,熬過(困難時期等);通過;接通電話
6.exposure n.暴露;面臨;曝光時間;揭露
【差距詞匯】　1.head-on adv.正面地　2.yield v.屈服,讓步;放棄
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了Kirstie Ennis的生活經歷。
1.D　考查名詞。根據下文“such as gaining three master's degrees, walking 1,000 miles across England, and climbing six of the world's tallest mountains”可知,這些都是她的成就。commitment承諾,保證;discovery發現;contribution貢獻;achievement成就。故選D。
2.B　考查動詞。根據下文“...survived in a helicopter crash. Undergoing surgery, she eventually lost her left 　4　 due to serious infection.”可知,她經歷了一場事故,而這所有的成就都是在她克服了這場事故之后實現的。witness見證;overcome克服;prevent防止;investigate調查。故選B。
3.A　考查副詞。根據下文可知,她在事故中勉強生還。接受手術后,她最終因嚴重感染失去了左腿。barely勉強才能;slightly稍微;probably很可能;genuinely真正地。故選A。
4.C　考查名詞。根據下文“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’”可推測,她因嚴重感染失去了一條腿。arm臂;eye眼;leg腿;ear耳。故選C。
5.D　考查動詞短語。根據上文可知,她經歷事故,并因嚴重感染失去了一條腿;而根據下文“She found the answer in the great 　7　.”可知,她需要想出一種方法來解決當時的處境,既能處理她的創傷,又能繼續幫助人們。beg for乞求;agree on就……達成一致;make up組成,編造;figure out想出,弄明白。故選D。
6.C　考查動詞。上文提到她之前是一名軍人,根據下文“one of her main reasons for joining the army”并結合常識和選項可知,她參軍應該是為了幫助人們。teach教;amuse使娛樂;assist幫助;comfort安慰。故選C。
7.D　考查名詞。根據下文“She began snowboarding and diving, participating in events to raise money for nonprofits.”可知,她決定參加戶外運動。city城市;majority大多數;tradition傳統;the outdoors戶外。故選D。
8.B　考查名詞。句中破折號后面的內容在解釋Seven Summits,即七大洲的最高峰。degree度數,程度;peak頂峰;level等級;award獎品。peak是summit的同義詞。故選B。
9.C　考查名詞。根據上文可知,她為自己定了一個目標,即登上七大洲的最高峰,而目前她已經登上了其中的六個。由此可知,她還有最后一個邊疆未去探索,也就是最難攀登的珠穆朗瑪峰。stage舞臺;project項目;frontier邊疆,新領域;chance機會。故選C。
10.A　考查形容詞。根據下文“introducing medical device technology to underserved parts of the world”可知,她想為像自己這樣的人提供治療機會。healing幫助治愈的;cultural文化的;financial金融的;voluntary自愿的。故選A。
11.B　考查動詞。根據空后的“to bravely get over the mountains in front of them”可推測,她想用自己的經歷激勵人們戰勝困難,挑戰自我。unite聯合;inspire激勵;educate教育;accompany陪伴。故選B。
12.C　考查動詞。根據下文“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’ ...being the underdog”可知,雖然人們對她的能力抱有懷疑,但是她自己卻無視這些,反而享受這種挑戰。voice表達;spread傳播;ignore忽視;welcome歡迎。故選C。
13.A　考查副詞。空前的“People look at me and think ‘She's small, she's a woman, and she has one leg.’”和空后的“I enjoy the challenge, and being the underdog”之間構成轉折關系。yet然而;then然后;once曾經;soon很快。故選A。
14.A　考查形容詞。根據上文可知,她勇于挑戰,取得了很多非凡的成就;再根據下文“I want to show people...nothing is impossible”可知,她為自己感到自豪。proud自豪的;ashamed羞愧的;critical批判的;cautious謹慎的。故選A。
15.D　考查名詞。根據上文可知,她在失去一條腿后,仍然堅持不懈,實現了自己爬山的目標,她為自己感到驕傲。由此可知,她認為只要有自信和毅力,什么都可以實現。sincerity真誠;patience耐心;generosity慷慨;perseverance毅力,韌性。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.considerable adj.相當大(或多)的
2.remarkable adj.非凡的;引人注目的　3.tragic adj.悲慘的　4.survive v.幸存;存活　5.eventually adv.最后;終于　6.participate in 參加　7.specific adj.明確的;具體的
8.explore v.探索;探險
【差距詞匯】　1.go-getter n.(俚語)能干的人;志在必得的人　2.understatement n.保守的說法;輕描淡寫
3.underserved adj.服務水平低下的　4.underdog n.失敗者;弱者
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