資源簡介

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.He may be stuck with a 　　　　(痛苦的) existence for the rest of his life.
2.To our relief, none of the passengers and 　　　　(全體工作人員) were injured in chaos.
3.In the swimming class, we first learn how to let the body not 　　　　(下沉) into the water.
4.I hope that I can get a 　　　　(相當不錯的) job with a good salary after I graduate from college.
5.Li Ming wanted to see his brother off and went to the airport in a hurry, only to find that he had been already a　　　　 the plane.
Ⅱ.一詞多義
1.The plan put forward at the meeting led to a bitter dispute.
詞性:　　　　 詞義:　　　　
2.It is said that good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for health.
詞性:　　　　 詞義:　　　　
3.After spending a night in the bitter cold, the expedition set off again.
詞性:　　　　 詞義:　　　　
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1.(易錯題)Please take away all your 　　　　　(belong) when you leave the room.
2.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Students will work in groups to complete four 　　　　　(assign) during the course.
3.I couldn't help crying when I arrived at their wedding venue. I was so
　　　　　(envy) of their happiness.
4.Since they are going to move to another city, they have to abandon the furniture 　　　　　 their neighbours.
5.(2021北京)Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a 　　　　　(resolve) after an argument.
6.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also enthusiastic 　　　　　 reading all of these books.
7.Young people should be led to believe anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and 　　　　　(persevere).
8.In comparison with his fellow classmates, he is more qualified 　　　　　 the position because of his fluency in English and his spirit of teamwork.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.因為瑪麗走得像烏龜一樣慢,所以她的媽媽一直在催促她加快步伐。(as...as...)
Because Mary walks 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a tortoise, her mother 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 her to walk faster.(讀后續寫—動作描寫)
2.這是一個如此漂亮的海灘,以至于每年它都會吸引世界各地成千上萬的游客。(一句多譯)
①It is　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it attracts thousands of tourists worldwide every year.(such...that...)
②It is 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it attracts thousands of tourists worldwide every year.(so...that...)
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
Perce Blackborow had been dreaming of a wonderful adventure, so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 　1　(secret) hid in a cupboard, only 　2　(find) after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he 　3　(assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It was a tough journey. The ship got 　4　(stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 　5　 the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 　6　 (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 　7　 kept their spirits up during the journey. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 　8　(encourage) and concern from Frank Wild that cheered him up. Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of 　9　 adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and 　10　(determine).
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Bethany Hamilton was born on the island of Kauai and raised on a surfboard. One of her dreams　1 　(be) to become a professional surfer. Her life was perfect until one day in October 2003 　2　 she was attacked by a cruel shark. The shark bit off part of her board along with her left arm, almost 　3　(kill) her. Fortunately, her friends, though 　4　(scare) to death, managed to save her. At only 13 years old, her dream seemed to disappear.
After the accident, her fears of sharks　5　(great) increased. Hamilton was urged 　6　(stay) away from the waves, but she wouldn't abandon her dream. Instead, Hamilton, though quite aware of the risk of another shark attack, showed her 　7　(brave) by jumping back into the ocean not long after the accident.
“I hardly ever get worried,” says Hamilton. “And I have ways of calming 　8　(I) down. I leave my fears behind once I dive into the water.” Her devotion 　9 　 surfing helps her become what she is. Now, Hamilton is surfing in 　10　(compete) once again and is among the best surfers in the world.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
When I was ten years old, Mum got paralyzed(癱瘓). Before that, she was a lively and active woman who amazed many by her energy. I admired her for all the things she did.
However, everything changed when she turned thirty-one.
I still have vivid images of her before her paralysis. She would play popular music, creating a cheerful atmosphere for lively gatherings. She would joyfully rearrange the furniture to make room for friends to abandon themselves to dance. She often spent hours filling the house with flowers, which we picked fresh from the gardens.
After Mum's paralysis, I began to take care of my 2-year-old sister, Mary Therese. In no time at all, I learned to bathe and feed her. For me it was a giant step beyond playing with dolls. One moment stands out even today: the time Mary Therese fell and skinned her knee, burst into tears and ran past my mother's outstretched arms into mine. Too late, I noticed slight hurt on Mum's face, but all she said was, “It's natural that she should run to you, because you take such good care of her.”
When I was grown-up and entered the field of correction, Mum became interested in working with prisoners. She began writing to them. One day, she asked me to mail a letter to one prisoner, Waymon. I asked for my mother's permission to read it first. It read: When you said that I couldn't imagine what it is like to be in prison, I felt like I had to tell you that you were mistaken. When I awoke one day to find that I was completely paralyzed, I felt trapped, overwhelmed by a sense of being imprisoned in a body that would no longer allow me to dance or carry my child in my arms. But then, I made a choice about whether I would smile when I saw my daughters again or I would weep. I made a resolution to live as fully as I could.
By the time I finished Mum's letter, my eyes clouded with tears. For the first time, I saw my mother in a clearer light.
1.How can we describe Mum before her paralysis
A.Creative.　　　B.Ambitious.　　　C.Adventurous.　　　D.Enthusiastic.
2.What do Mum's words about Therese's choice imply
A.Mum had sharp insight.　　　
B.Mum was emotionally generous.
C.Mum was worried about her position.　　　
D.Mum was absent-minded at that moment.
3.Why did the author cry
A.She regretted what she had done.
B.Waymon's experience was saddening.
C.She witnessed Mum's character shining through.
D.There was some misunderstanding between her and her mother.
B
We've all heard of IQ and EQ, but have you heard of AQ AQ stands for Adversity Quotient and measures your ability to deal with the ups and downs of life. Being able to handle these rough patches we all go through is not only important in our personal lives but in our professional lives. So how can we learn to be more resilient
Adversity can take us by surprise and shock us. In the workplace, it could be in the form of firings, the company we work for going under or being restructured, or us even missing out on a promotion. Failed friendships and relationships, hard financial times and even deaths are things that can occur outside of work. AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us—how likely we are to deal with these situations. It can be used to predict our attitudes, perseverance, longevity, and the way we learn from changes in environment.
Fortunately, there are some steps you can take to help you be more resilient in the face of adversity. First, try and find a meaningful goal. Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome, seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goal. Learning to relax and regulate your emotions is another key step—one way to help you destress is by practicing breathing exercises. Similarly, thinking about things and letting them get to you can cause you to be stressed. See difficulties more as an opportunity to learn and grow emotionally. Finally, make sure you have a good social support network. Being able to talk with someone about the challenges we face can help.
Things happen in life we can't prevent—and sometimes they aren't pleasant. But, taking a few steps to be more resilient can make them a little easier to get through.
4.What adversities are mentioned that can occur in the workplace
A.Being punished.　　　
B.Failed relationships.
C.Missing out on a promotion.　　　
D.The company being supported.
5.What can someone with a high AQ do
A.They can manage their emotions.　　　
B.They can get themselves promoted.
C.They can achieve their goals easily.　　　
D.They can avoid adversities properly.
6.Why does having a meaningful goal help in adverse situations
A.You can concentrate more on a desired result.
B.You can forget about the unpleasant situations.
C.You can see clearly a bump on the way to success.
D.You can completely ignore your negative situations.
7.Which is the best title for the passage
A.EQ:IQ:AQ　　　
B.How to Be Resilient
C.What Is Adversity Quotient 　　　
D.Be Brave in the Face of Adversity
答案與分層梯度式解析
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.miserable　2.crew　3.sink　4.decent　5.aboard
Ⅱ.1.形容詞;激烈而不愉快的　句意:會上提出的計劃引起了激烈的爭論。
2.形容詞;味苦的　句意:據說良藥苦口利于病。
3.形容詞;嚴寒的　句意:在嚴寒中度過一夜之后,探險隊再次出發了。
Ⅲ.1.belongings　考查名詞。句意:當你離開房間時,請帶走所有的財物。設空處被all your修飾,應用名詞;這里指“財物;動產”。故填belongings。
易錯歸因
本題容易錯填belonging。belonging意為“歸屬”, 如a sense of belonging歸屬感;復數形式belongings 則表示“財物;動產;所有物”。
類比啟發
復數形式表示不同含義的名詞還有:arms武器;customs 海關;savings存款;manners 禮貌;papers 文件,證件;regards問候。
2.assignments　考查名詞及其單復數。句意:在課程(學習)期間,學生將以小組為單位完成四項作業。設空處作動詞complete的賓語,前面有數詞four,應用名詞復數。故填assignments。
3.envious　考查形容詞。句意:當我到達他們的婚禮場地時,我忍不住哭了。我非常羨慕他們的幸福。be envious of表示“羨慕/嫉妒……”。故填envious。
4.to　考查介詞。句意:因為他們要搬到另外一個城市,所以他們不得不把家具丟給他們的鄰居。abandon...to...表示“丟棄/舍棄……給……”。故填to。
5.resolution　考查名詞。句意:而且,你的年齡越大,你就越有可能在爭吵后解決問題。設空處作動詞短語come to的賓語,前面有不定冠詞a,應用名詞單數。故填resolution。
6.about　考查介詞。句意:正如你所看到的,孩子們很受鼓舞,并且他們也對閱讀所有這些書非常感興趣。be enthusiastic about doing sth.表示“對做某事極感興趣”。故填about。
7.perseverance　考查名詞。句意:應該引導年輕人去相信任何事情都是有可能的,有了決心和毅力,任何事情都不能阻擋他們。空前的and連接兩個并列的成分作介詞with的賓語,由determination可知,設空處也應用名詞。故填perseverance。
8.for　考查介詞。句意:和他的同學相比,他更有資格擔任這個職位,因為他的英語流利,并且他具有團隊合作精神。be qualified for表示“能勝任……;具備……的資格”。故填for。
Ⅳ.1.as slowly as;has been urging　2.①such a beautiful beach that　
②so beautiful a beach that
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.secretly　考查副詞。設空處后是動詞,所以用提示詞的副詞形式修飾動詞。故填secretly。
2.to be found　考查不定式的被動式。句意:珀西偷偷地藏在櫥柜里,結果卻在出發后被發現。設空處所在句已有謂語動詞,故這里填非謂語動詞。根據設空處前面的逗號和only可知,這里應用不定式表示出乎意料的結果,且find與其邏輯主語Perce之間是被動關系,所以用動詞不定式的被動形式。
3.was assigned　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。此處指他被指派擔任一名服務員。根據主句的謂語動詞felt 可知,此處也應用一般過去時,且he與assign之間為被動關系,故用一般過去時的被動語態,主語he為第三人稱單數,故填was assigned。
4.stuck　考查形容詞。句意:這艘船在接近南極洲時卡在了冰里,他們不得不棄船。get/become/be stuck 意為“卡住,陷入”。
5.Under　考查介詞。under the guidance of...在……的指導下。
6.threw　考查動詞時態。故事發生在過去,所以設空處應該使用一般過去時。
7.which　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,前面為逗號,后面句子缺主語,將a banjo代入后面句子中,句意完整且合理,故推測設空處引導非限制性定語從句,修飾a banjo,故填which。
8.encouragement　考查名詞。設空處和其后的名詞concern為并列成分,所以用名詞encouragement。
9.the　考查冠詞。此處特指“他們面對的逆境”,故用定冠詞the。
10.determined　考查形容詞。設空處前的and連接兩個并列成分,由前面的形容詞 optimistic可知這里應用形容詞determined。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了貝瑟尼·漢密爾頓在遭受鯊魚襲擊致殘后,克服恐懼并仍然熱愛沖浪的故事。
1.was　考查時態和主謂一致。句意:她的夢想之一是成為一名職業沖浪運動員。根據上下文的時態可知,此處敘述的是發生在過去的事情,應用一般過去時;主語One of her dreams表示單數意義,謂語動詞應用單數。故填was。
2.when　考查定語從句。句意:她的生活一直很完美,直到2003年10月的一天,她被一條殘暴的鯊魚襲擊了。分析句子可知,設空處引導定語從句,先行詞one day指時間,關系詞在從句中作時間狀語,應用when引導從句。
3.killing　考查現在分詞。句意:鯊魚咬掉了她的沖浪板的一部分和左臂,差點要了她的命。分析句子可知,設空處作狀語,主語The shark 與提示詞kill之間為主動關系,應用現在分詞。故填killing。
4.scared　考查形容詞。句意:幸運的是,她的朋友們雖然嚇得要死,但還是設法救了她。此處為狀語從句的省略,主語為人,應用scared作表語。故填scared。
5.greatly　考查副詞。句意:事故發生后,她對鯊魚的恐懼大大增加了。設空處修飾動詞increased,應用副詞。故填greatly。
6.to stay　考查動詞不定式。句意:有人力勸漢密爾頓遠離海浪,但她不愿放棄自己的夢想。urge sb. to do sth.表示“力勸某人做某事”,此處為其被動形式。故填to stay。
7.bravery　考查名詞。句意:相反,漢密爾頓雖然很清楚再次遭到鯊魚襲擊的風險,但她在事故發生后不久就跳回了海里,證明了她的勇敢。設空處作showed的賓語,應用名詞。故填bravery。
8.myself　考查代詞。句意:漢密爾頓說:“我幾乎從不擔心,我有辦法讓自己平靜下來……”此處指讓“我自己”平靜下來,應用反身代詞。故填myself。
9.to　考查介詞。句意:她對沖浪的熱愛幫助她成為現在的樣子。devotion to表示“對……的熱愛”。故填to。
petitions　考查名詞及其單復數。句意:現在,漢密爾頓再次參加沖浪比賽,她是世界上最好的沖浪運動員之一。設空處作介詞in的賓語,表示“比賽”,應用名詞competition;competition作“比賽”講時是可數名詞,空前無限定詞,所以應用名詞復數。故填competitions。
【高頻詞匯】　1.professional adj.職業的　2.attack v.& n.襲擊;攻擊　3.cruel adj.殘忍的;殘酷的
4.fortunately adv.幸運地　5.accident n.事故　6.urge v.力勸;敦促;竭力主張　7.(be) aware of 意識到;知道　8.calm sb. down使某人鎮定下來　9.devotion n.熱愛;奉獻
【熟詞生義】　raise v.培養;養育
Ⅲ.A
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者的媽媽癱瘓后笑對生活的故事。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Before that, she was a lively and active woman who amazed many by her energy.”和第三段中的“She would play popular music... She would joyfully rearrange the furniture...She often spent hours filling the house with flowers...”可推斷,作者的媽媽癱瘓前是一個對生活充滿熱情的人。故選D。
類比啟發
常見的描述人物性格和品質的形容詞還有:selfless無私的;optimistic樂觀的;warm-hearted熱心腸的;generous慷慨的;diligent勤奮的;confident自信的;modest謙虛的;friendly友好的;determined堅定的;courageous勇敢的;humorous幽默的。
2.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“I noticed slight hurt on Mum's face”和“It's natural that she should run to you, because you take such good care of her.”可知,盡管媽媽臉上有輕微的難過,但她很快釋懷了,而且表揚作者把兩歲的妹妹照顧得那么好。由此可推斷,作者的媽媽在情感上是寬厚的。故選B。
3.C　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“It read: When you...I made a resolution to live as fully as I could.”可知,當媽媽發現自己完全癱瘓時,她被這種被囚禁的感覺壓得喘不過氣來,感到絕望。但后來,她決定微笑面對她的女兒們,盡她所能充實地生活。最后一段提到,當“我”讀完媽媽的信時,淚水模糊了“我”的眼睛。這是“我”第一次以更清晰的角度看“我”媽媽。因此,作者哭泣是因為她看到了媽媽的人格光輝,被媽媽感動。故選C。
【高頻詞匯】　1.lively adj.充滿活力的;活潑的;令人興奮的　2.amaze v.使驚奇　3.admire v.欽佩;羨慕
4.cheerful adj.令人愉快的;高興的　5.atmosphere n.氛圍;氣氛　6.stand out 突出;顯眼　7.burst into突然爆發　8.permission n.允許　9.trap v.困住;使陷入困境
【熟詞生義】　1.skin v.擦破(身體某部位的)皮膚
2.cloud v.(使)模糊
【差距詞匯】　1.rearrange v.重新布置　2.outstretched adj.張開的　3.overwhelm v.(感情或感覺)充溢;壓垮
4.imprison v.束縛;禁錮;監禁
長難句
原句　When I awoke one day to find that I was completely paralyzed, I felt trapped, overwhelmed by a sense of being imprisoned in a body that would no longer allow me to dance or carry my child in my arms.
分析　本句為主從復合句。When引導時間狀語從句;find后面是that引導的賓語從句;第二個that 引導定語從句,修飾先行詞body。
譯文　當我有一天醒來發現自己完全癱瘓時,我感覺被困住了,我的身體不再允許我跳舞,也不允許我把孩子抱在懷里的那種被囚禁的感覺把我壓垮了。
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了AQ的定義以及一些讓我們在逆境中更具有適應力的方法。
4.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“In the workplace, it could be in the form of firings, the company we work for going under or being restructured, or us even missing out on a promotion.”可知,在工作場所,逆境可能會以解雇、公司倒閉或重組、錯過晉升機會的形式出現。故選C。
易錯歸因
本題容易錯選B項。雖然第二段也提到了“Failed friendships and relationships”,但不是“in the workplace”,而是“outside of work”。B項犯了文不對題的錯誤。
5.A　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us... It can be used to predict our attitudes, perseverance, longevity”可知,AQ能衡量我們在生活中承受沖擊的能力,可以預測我們的態度、毅力和持久力。由此可推斷,擁有高AQ的人在面對困境時能更好地管理自己的情緒。故選A。
6.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome, seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goal.”可知,適應性強的人往往有目標,能夠更加專注于期望的結果,把不利的處境看作通往實現目標的道路上的障礙。因此,在不利的情況下有一個有意義的目標會讓你能夠更加專注于想要的結果。故選A。
7.B　主旨大意題。
根據文章結構可知,B項“如何具有適應力”最適合作為文章的標題。故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.hear of 聽說　2.stand for代表
3.measure v.衡量;測量　4.ups and downs 浮沉;興衰;榮辱　5.rough adj.艱難的;粗糙的　6.go through 經歷
7.occur v.發生;出現　8.regulate v.管理;調節;控制
9.opportunity n.機會　10.challenge n.挑戰
【熟詞生義】　patch n.一段(艱難)歲月;一段(痛苦)日子
【差距詞匯】　1.resilient adj.有適應力的,適應力強的
2.restructure v.重組;重建　3.longevity n.持久力
4.destress v.(使)減壓;(使)放松
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