資源簡介

Unit 2　Onwards and upwards
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.Journey to the West, one of the four great 　　　　(名著)in the history of Chinese literature, is very popular among children.
2.I couldn t quite believe my luck—it turned out that no one got badly hurt, but the 　　　　(結果) could have been awful.
3.Mike took on a second job so that he could earn enough money to pay off his 　　　　(債務).
4.He had a busy schedule; n　　　, he always found time to spend with his family.
5.There is enough time left so you can complete it at your own p　　　 without feeling rushed.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.It is essential for the employer to inform his employees 　　　　　 any change in work schedules or shifts.
2.The 　　　　　(reject) from the publishing house left him in a bad mood, he doubting his writing abilities.
3.The girl with curly hair was very 　　　　　(delight) when her mother led her to the circus.
4.No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 　　　　　 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time.
5.What impressed me most was her 　　　　　(endure) and patience in the face of setbacks and challenges.
6.After receiving the 　　　　　(criticise) from his boss, he couldn t help but wear a long face.
7.We guarantee 　　　　　(treat) all our customers equally, and provide our customers with the same service standard.
Ⅲ.選詞填空
have something in common with;turn down;along with; dream of; all too often
　　1.　　　　　　, we make friends with the person who 2.　　　　　　 us. David is considered the most popular boy in our school so everyone 3.　　　　　　 making friends with him. One day, I tried to invite David to come to a party 4.　　　　　　 me. To my great disappointment, he 5.　　　　　　 my invitation without hesitation.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我很遺憾地通知您,您不能勝任這份工作。(regret,inform)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 that you are not qualified for the job.
2.一個人可以失敗很多次,但是只要他沒有開始責怪旁人,他就不是一個失敗者。(not...until)
A man can fail many times, but he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he begins to blame somebody else.
3.我凝視著三年前拍攝的照片,眼淚順著我的臉頰往下流。(獨立主格結構)
I stared at pictures taken three years ago, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.(讀后續寫—神態描寫)
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
Everyone knows that success 　1　 (rare) happens overnight, but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have faced rejection before.
When J.K. Rowling received her first rejection letter from a publisher, she 　2　(stick) it on her kitchen wall. After 　3　 total of twelve rejections, she made it. As we know, Harry Potter became a 　4　(globe) success. A second example is J.D. Salinger. He started writing short stories in high school, but later struggled to get his works 　5　(publish). Despite rejections from several publishers, he refused to give up. Even when 　6　(serve) in the US Army during the Second World War, he carried a novel 　7　 him and worked on it throughout his war service. His perseverance brought him success. A third example is three sisters, Charlotte Brontё, Emily Brontё, and Anne Brontё. There was a time 　8　 women were not encouraged to become writers, so they had to write a book of poems under male names. Even when the book sold only two 　9　(copy), the sisters still didn t give up. They also succeeded depending on perseverance.
In a word, talent alone isn t enough 　10　 (guarantee) success. Perseverance is the key to success.
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　
6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
By the time she turned 18, Liz 　1　(attend) a total of twelve schools. She had lived in shelters or parks, but never in a permanent residence(住所) for more than a few months. 　2　(laugh) at by the students, she felt quite embarrassed. She often wondered when she would change 　3　 situation. Her teachers always told the students that Liz should not 　4　(make) fun of.
Homeless since early childhood, Liz struggled 　5　(hide) her circumstances from teachers and fellow students. However, learning proved to be a way for her to find confidence in 　6　(her) again. Concentrating on her study was essentially important to her. She had a strong belief that she could do 　7　(well) than others.
By the second year of high school, she talked to her teachers, who helped her apply 　8　 scholarships. And in 11th grade, when she enrolled(登記入學) in Jefferson High School, she decided to complete the rest of her school career there, 　9　 meant that she had to take a bus each morning at 4 a.m. and could not get home until 11 p.m.
Her 　10　(persevere) and hard work paid off. She was accepted into Harvard University. Her success is a combination of hard work and intelligence. Liz is worthy of being appreciated by all.
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　
6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
A Chinese girl Tan Fanglin overcame a world-class mathematics problem and was invited again to attend the second World Laureates Forum when she was municating with 65 top scientists in the world, she became a rising star in this meeting of the world s sharpest minds.
Her discovery has won her many prizes in youth innovation competitions in China. However, Tan is not a “genius” in the traditional sense. Tan was born in a scholarly family. Her father was a professor of mathematics. Tan showed a great interest in mathematics when she was very young. She likes to find questions on her own. The more difficult the problem is, the more potential she will unlock. In this process, her father will merely give her proper guidance.
Tan took part in many research projects. So devoted to the projects, she once made serious mistakes during the contest at school. Instead of severely rebuking her, her parents let her find the problem by herself and achieve a better balance between textbook study and research. It was because of the respect and trust of her parents that Tan began to plan her study time scientifically and applied the learning methods summarized in the process of mathematics research to the classroom. With her hard work, she made great achievements in mathematics.
Attending this meeting enabled Tan to get more inspiration from the world s top scientists. She even got the opportunity to talk with Gero Miesenb ck, who is pioneering the field of optogenetics(光遺傳學). Miesenb ck has encouraged her not to lose her passion and love for what she does and said accepting failure is important to researchers. He has stressed that people all know that even Thomas Edison went through hundreds of unsuccessful attempts before finally inventing the light bulb. Tan has met many difficulties in her research and often feels upset. The words have made her feel inspired.
1.What can we learn about Tan Fanglin
A.She went to the meeting with her father.
B.She has a strong love for mathematics.
C.She never made mistakes in her school exams.
D.She was invited to attend the Forum for the first time.
2.What does the underlined word “rebuking” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Helping.　　　B.Challenging.　　　C.Criticizing.　　　D.Praising.
3.How did Tan s parents help her with her research
A.By correcting her mistakes.
B.By offering extra training for her research.
C.By stressing the importance of scientific research.
D.By respecting her and encouraging her in self-development.
4.Which statement does Gero Miesenb ck probably agree with
A.All roads lead to Rome.　　　B.Nothing is impossible.
C.Where there is a will, there is a way.　　　D.Failure is the mother of success.
B
In today s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett—“Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
Nevertheless, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue(貶低) the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir ad.
ad explains that the “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism(機制). “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The easiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” ad says.
It doesn t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing has happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
5.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 about the “sour-grape effect”
A.It protects us from false feedback.　　　B.It pictures us as competitive people.
C.It poses a severe threat to the self-image.　　　D.It denies negative feedback to ourselves.
6.What is the author s attitude towards failure
A.Short-sighted.　　　B.Wait-and-see.　　　C.Objective.　　　D.Skeptical.
7.What does the underlined word “prematurely” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Unhappily.　　　B.Mistakenly.　　　C.Hurriedly.　　　D.Carelessly.
8.Which statement would the author most probably agree with
A.Don t escape when our self-image is broken.
B.Don t quit when goals no longer make you happy.
C.Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”.
D.Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self.
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 2　Onwards and upwards
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.classics　2.outcome　3.debt(s)　4.nevertheless　5.pace
Ⅱ.1.of/about　考查介詞。句意:雇主有必要通知員工工作時間表或輪班的任何一個變動。inform sb. of/about sth.意為“通知/告知某人某事”,故本空應用介詞of或about。
2.rejection　考查名詞。句意:出版社的拒絕讓他心情不好,懷疑自己的寫作能力。根據空前定冠詞The可知,本空應用名詞rejection作句子主語,意為“拒絕”。
3.delighted　考查形容詞。句意:當媽媽領著那個卷發女孩去馬戲團時,她非常高興。本空在句中作表語,且句子主語為The girl,指人,故本空應用形容詞delighted,意為“愉快的,高興的”。
4.rarely　考查副詞。句意:不過,無論我在哪里買小籠包,一蒸籠很少會夠,但兩蒸籠就顯得貪心,所以我總是想下次再買更多。本空修飾形容詞enough,故應用副詞rarely作狀語,意為“很少,罕有”。
5.endurance　考查名詞。句意:給我印象最深的是她面對挫折和挑戰時的忍耐力和耐心。設空處與and后的名詞patience并列,應用名詞endurance,意為“忍耐力”。
6.criticism　考查名詞。句意:在受到老板的批評后,他忍不住愁眉苦臉起來。本空作動詞receiving的賓語,空前有定冠詞the,故應用名詞criticism,意為“批評”。
7.to treat　考查不定式。句意:我們保證對所有客戶一視同仁,為我們的客戶提供同樣的服務標準。guarantee to do sth.意為“保證做某事”,故本空應用不定式作賓語。
Ⅲ.1.All too often　2.has something in common with
3.dreams of　4.along with　5.turned down
Ⅳ.1.I regret to inform you
2.isn t a failure/loser until
3.tears rolling/streaming down my cheeks
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.rarely　考查副詞。句意:大家都明白,成功很少是一蹴而就的;但也許很多人都不知道,許多非常成功的作家在之前也都曾被拒稿。本空修飾動詞happens,故應用副詞形式。
2.stuck　考查時態。句意:當J.K.羅琳收到出版商的第一封拒稿信時,她把它貼在廚房的墻上。根據從句謂語動詞received可知,本句描述的事情發生在過去,應用一般過去時。
3.a　考查冠詞。a total of意為“總共”。
4.global　考查形容詞。本空修飾名詞success,故應用形容詞global。
5.published　考查過去分詞。句意:他在高中就開始寫短篇小說了,但之后他的作品卻難以發表。本句中get his works 　5　(publish)為“get+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,動詞publish和賓語his works之間為被動關系,故本空應用過去分詞作賓語補足語。
6.serving　考查現在分詞。句意:即使第二次世界大戰期間在美國軍隊服役,他也隨身攜帶一部小說,并在整個戰爭服役期間都致力于這部小說。分析句子可知,設空處所在的部分為when引導的時間狀語從句的省略,serve與he之間是主動關系,故此處應用現在分詞serving。
7.with　考查介詞。carry sth. with sb.意為“某人隨身攜帶某物”。
8.when　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,空前為名詞a time,此處表示“曾經有一段時間,女性不被鼓勵成為作家”,設空處引導定語從句,修飾先行詞a time,并在從句中作時間狀語,故應用關系副詞when。
9.copies　考查名詞復數。copy意為“(書、報紙等的)一本”時為可數名詞,根據空前數詞two可知,本空應用名詞復數形式。
10.to guarantee　考查不定式。句意:總之,僅憑天賦是不足以保證成功的。be enough to do sth.意為“足以做某事”。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了自幼無家可歸的Liz輾轉多所學校,飽受同學的嘲笑和輕視,最終在個人的努力和老師的幫助下成功考入哈佛大學的故事。
1.had attended　考查時態。句意:到18歲的時候,Liz已經總共在12所學校上過學。根據時間狀語從句By the time she turned 18可知,主句動作截止到過去的時間,故應用過去完成時,表示“過去的過去”。故填had attended。
2.Laughed　考查非謂語動詞。句意:受到學生們的嘲笑,她感到非常尷尬。設空處作狀語,動詞laugh與句子主語she之間為被動關系,故本空應用過去分詞形式。位于句首,單詞的首字母需要大寫,故填Laughed。
3.the　考查冠詞。句意:她常常在想,什么時候才能改變這種狀況。根據語境可知,空后的situation在此處表示特指,故本空應用定冠詞the。
4.be made　考查被動語態。句意:她的老師總是告訴學生不應該取笑Liz。根據句意可知,從句的主語Liz和make fun of之間為被動關系,故本空應用被動語態。故填be made。
5.to hide　考查非謂語動詞。句意:Liz從小就無家可歸,她努力向老師們和同學們隱瞞自己的處境。struggle to do sth.意為“努力做某事”,故本空應用不定式作賓語。故填to hide。
6.herself　考查代詞。句意:然而,事實證明,學習是她重新找回她自己的信心的一種方式。設空處表示“她自己”,應用反身代詞herself。
7.better　考查比較級。句意:她堅信自己能比別人做得更好。根據空后than可知,本空應用副詞的比較級形式。故填better。
8.for　考查介詞。句意:到了高中的第二年,她與老師交談,老師幫助她申請了獎學金。apply for sth.意為“申請某物”,故本空應用介詞for。
9.which　考查非限制性定語從句。句意:11年級時,她進入杰斐遜高中,她決定在那里完成她余下的學業,這意味著她必須每天早上4點坐公共汽車,直到晚上11點才能回家。設空處無提示詞,空前有逗號,且逗號前面的句子結構完整,空后句子缺少主語,故推測設空處引導非限制性定語從句。本空指代整個主句,故應填關系代詞which。
10.perseverance　考查名詞。句意:她的堅持不懈和努力學習得到了回報。根據空前形容詞性物主代詞Her可知,本空應用名詞perseverance,意為“堅持不懈”。
【高頻詞匯】　1.a total of總共,總計　2.make fun of取笑,嘲弄　3.circumstances n.境況,境遇　4.concentrate on 集中精力于,專心于　5.belief n.信念,信心　6.pay off成功　7.be worthy of值得
Ⅲ.A
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了15歲女孩談方琳再次受邀參加世界頂尖科學家論壇以及她的經歷。
1.B　推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Tan showed a great interest in mathematics when she was very young.”可知,談方琳很小的時候就對數學表現出極大的興趣,因此可推知談方琳對數學非常熱愛。故選B。
2.C　詞義猜測題。根據第三段中“So devoted to the projects, she once made serious mistakes during the contest at school.”可知,談方琳曾在學校比賽中犯下嚴重錯誤。畫線詞所在句中的“Instead of”表明前后是轉折關系,根據“her parents let her find the problem by herself and achieve a better balance between textbook study and research”可知,針對她在比賽中犯錯的問題,她的父母讓她自己發現問題,在課本學習和研究之間取得更好的平衡。由此可以推出,rebuking是“指責,責備”的意思,她的父母并沒有批評、指責她。故選C。
3.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中“her parents let her find the problem by herself...in the process of mathematics research to the classroom”可知,談方琳的父母讓她自己發現問題并平衡課本學習和數學研究,給她極大的尊重并鼓勵她自我發展。故選D。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Miesenb ck has encouraged her not to lose her passion and love...inventing the light bulb.”可知,Miesenb ck鼓勵她不要對自己做的事情失去熱情和熱愛,并表示接受失敗對研究人員來說很重要。此外Miesenb ck通過舉愛迪生的例子鼓勵談方琳要敢于接受失敗,永不放棄。由此可以推出,Miesenb ck認為失敗是成功之母。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.overcome v.克服　2.innovation n.創新
3.unlock v.揭開(秘密);發掘(潛力)　4.(be) devoted to專心于　5.passion n.熱情,熱愛　6.go through經歷
7.attempt n.嘗試
【熟詞生義】　1.sharp adj.敏銳的,靈敏的　2.pioneer v.當開拓者
長難句　原句　It was because of the respect and trust of her parents that Tan began to plan her study time scientifically and applied the learning methods summarized in the process of mathematics research to the classroom.
分析　本句為強調句型,強調原因狀語“because of the respect and trust of her parents”。第二個and連接并列謂語began和applied,“summarized in the process of mathematics research”為過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾methods。apply...to...意為“把……運用到……上”。
譯文　正是因為父母的尊重和信任,談方琳開始科學規劃學習時間,把數學研究過程中總結的學習方法運用到課堂上。
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了正確的失敗觀。
5.D　細節理解題。根據第三段中“the‘sour-grape effect’ is a self-protective mechanism”可知,“酸葡萄效應”是一種自我保護機制,緊接著后文提到我們大多數人把自己想象成有能力的人,所以當外部反饋表明情況并非如此時,這種自我形象就會受到嚴重威脅,最簡單的方法是否認或解釋外部信號,這樣我們就可以減少不一致并保持積極的自我意識。由此可知,“酸葡萄效應”是一種自我保護機制,會否認外界對于我們的負面反饋。故選D。
6.C　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“It doesn t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy.(這并不意味著我們應該一直堅持目標。如果這個過程不再讓我們感到快樂,那么改變雄心壯志可能是健康的。)”和最后一段“Failures are unavoidable...achieve your goals.(失敗是不可避免的。通過學會面對失望,而不是貶低它的重要性,假裝什么都沒發生,你可能會發現實現你的目標更容易了。)”可知,作者認為失敗是不可避免的,有時候我們要面對失敗。由此可推知,作者從正反兩方面來對待失敗,所以說作者對待失敗的態度是客觀的。故選C項。
7.C　 詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞下文“rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve”可知,前后是對比關系,即“酸葡萄效應”可能導致我們過早地做出決定,而不是堅持一會兒,看看我們是否可以學習和提高。由此可推知,畫線詞prematurely與hanging on a little意思相反,意為“過早地”,與C項“匆忙地”意思相近。
8.A　推理判斷題。通讀全文并根據最后一段內容可推知,作者通過全文的討論,呼吁大家樹立正確的失敗觀,警惕“酸葡萄效應”,當我們完美的自我形象受到外界負面反饋的影響時,不要逃避,不要貶低自己的價值,要勇敢地面對,從中學習和得到提高,故作者最有可能同意A項“當我們的自我形象被打破時,不要逃避”。
【高頻詞匯】　1.be viewed as被看作　2.quote v.引用,摘引　3.turning point n.轉折點　4.competent adj.有能力的　5.feedback n.反饋　6.pose a threat to 對……構成威脅　7.deny v.否認　8.convince v.說服,使相信
9.submission n.提交　10.hang on堅持
【差距詞匯】　1.motivational adj.激勵的　2.ultimately adv.最終　3.inconsistency n.不一致(之處),不協調
長難句　原句　It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
分析　本句為主從復合句。It作形式主語,第一個that引導主語從句,作真正的主語;第二個that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞our life story。
譯文　失望似乎是通往成功的重要墊腳石,是我們人生故事的轉折點,(我們的人生故事)最終將以勝利告終。

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