資源簡介

Unit 5　Revealing nature
高考真題練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2022全國甲,B)
　　Goffin s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(對稱的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(線索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A.By following instructions.　　　
B.By using a tool.
C.By turning the box around.　　　
D.By removing the lid.
2.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A.Using a key to unlock a door.　　　
B.Telling parrots from other birds.
C.Putting a ball into a round hole.　　　
D.Grouping toys of different shapes.
3.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A.How far they are able to see.　　　
B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.　　　
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers　　　
B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers　　　
D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
派生/合成詞匯
1.shape-recognition n.　　　
2.skill n.技巧;技能→　　　　 adj.技術好的,熟練的
3.keyhole n.　　　
4.recognize v.認識;承認;意識到→　　　　 n.認出,認識;承認
5.select vt.選擇;挑選→　　　　n.選擇;挑選;選拔
6.trial-and-error 　　　
7.entire adj.全部的,完全的→　　　　 adv.全部地,完全地
8.lock v.鎖→　　　　 v.(用鑰匙)開……的鎖
熟詞生義
9.keep vt.　　　　
10.group vt.　　　
Ⅱ.七選五
(2023全國乙)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 　1　, but studies have shown that they can promote people s wellbeing by improving their mood(心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species(物種) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 　2　.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “　3　. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 　4　.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants. “　5　,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil s ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
派生/合成詞匯
1.wellbeing n.　　　
2.houseplant n.　　　
3.require vt.需要;要求→　　　　n.需要;必需品;必備條件
4.reward vt.獎勵,酬勞→　　　　 adj.值得做的,有益的
答案與分層梯度式解析
高考真題練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了原產于澳大拉西亞的戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡是技術高超的形狀分類專家。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment...the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’...Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”可知,籠中的鳥兒(戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡)被證明能熟練地使用工具,它們在實驗中是通過使用工具得到堅果的。
2.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age”可知,一歲左右的幼童可以把一個圓形的東西投進一個圓形的洞里,故可推知人類一歲幼童最有可能完成的任務是把一個球放進圓洞內。
3.D　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections”可知,研究人員下一步的目標是試驗鳳頭鸚鵡在形狀的選擇中是否也使用觸覺。
4.D　主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段第一句可知,文章主要說明了戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡具有形狀識別能力,是技術高超的形狀分類專家。
【高考詞匯站】　1.形狀識別　2.skilful/skillful　3.鎖眼,鑰匙孔　4.recognition　5.selection　6.反復試驗,不斷摸索　7.entirely　8.unlock　9.養,飼養　10.把……分類/分組
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了室內植物的定義、益處并給出了選擇室內植物的建議。
1.B　細節句。設空處位于段中,考慮細節補充。根據空后的逗號可知,設空處所填內容非整句,再結合逗號后的but可知,逗號前后內容并列。瀏覽選項可以發現,B項中的Not only可以與but(省略了also)連用,表示“不僅……而且……”,代入原文后意義連貫,表示“它們不僅好看,而且研究表明它們能夠通過改善心情、減輕壓力和提高記憶力來提升人們的幸福感”。故選B。
2.D　細節句。設空處位于段尾,考慮細節補充或概括總結。前一句說在英國,尤其是在冬天,這些物種中有很多不太適合在室外生長。瀏覽選項可以發現,D項意為“相反,它們在更溫暖的室內長得更好”。inside與前一句中的outside構成反義關系,warmer與前一句中的in the winter構成對比關系,呼應Instead。故選D。
3.C　主旨句。本段主要講的是室內植物對你有好處的原因。后文中的“lift your mood”“improve creativity, focus and memory”“clean the air around them”以及“remove some harmful chemicals”都是在具體講室內植物的好處,C項(種植室內植物有許多好處)能起到總領后文的作用,故選C。
4.E　細節句。設空處位于段尾,考慮細節補充或概括總結。上文提到了室內植物的種種好處。pot plants提示設空處有相關信息。瀏覽選項可以發現,E項承接上文,以功效最好的兩種盆栽——和平百合和魔鬼藤作為實例進一步補充說明植物凈化空氣的作用。故選E。
5.G　細節句。設空處是引語的前半部分。本題的解題關鍵是空后的It,它所代指的內容就是設空處或者包含在設空處中。引語后半部分意為“它能給人們的生活帶來新的興趣和關注點,并有助于建立家與自然之間的紐帶”。瀏覽選項可以發現,意思能與之銜接的是G項(了解每種植物的需求是非常有益的),引語的后半部分具體解釋rewarding。故選G。
【高考詞匯站】　1.健康,幸福　2.室內盆栽植物
3.requirement　4.rewarding

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