資源簡介

Unit 5　Revealing nature
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.Li Lei thinks it is a 　　　　(恥辱) for him to lie to his parents.
2.The girl entered the library, took out several 　　　　(樣本) and placed them on the desk.
3.It has been proved that our 　　　　(祖先) have lived in this area for many generations.
4.We re trying to 　　　　(創造) a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.You can also visit the city museum, which is within walking 　　　　　 (distant) of the hotel where you stay.
2.Having denied all the accusations with　　　　　 (convince) evidence, the Dutch technician was declared innocent and set free.
3.I am grateful to have read this remarkable work, and I am excited to continue exploring the world of biology and 　　　　　 (evolve).
4.The children watched, 　　　　　 (fascinate), as the picture began to appear.
5.Suspecting the traveler 　　　　　 carrying drugs, the customs officer went through his suitcase.
6.The matter　　　　　question is of great importance to the innovation and development of our company.
7.Health care 　　　　　 (regard) as an important way to improve the health of people.
8.It is said that the young man 　　　　　 (answer) the call is from a rich family.
Ⅲ.選詞填空
what s more;adapt to;lead to;be crowded with;come to exist
　　When you are 1.　　　　　　 a new environment, it s common to feel that your life 2.　　　　　　 many difficult problems. Don t worry—things need to be solved one by one. Just consider how these problems 3.　　　　　　. You may find that what 4.　　　　　　 these problems might be the same thing. 5.　　　　　　, you need to judge which problems are the most urgent and then deal with them.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.當我上小學的時候,我有機會參加在我們學校舉辦的音樂比賽。
When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a musical contest 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
2.是你讓我愛上了寫作,我的社會科學老師。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher.
3.當我領獎時,我的臉上洋溢著喜悅,我的微笑充滿了自豪。(as引導時間狀語從句)
My face lit up with joy　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, my smile filled with pride.(讀后續寫—神態描寫)
4.He didn t realize the value of a healthy body until he got sick seriously.(句式升級:對not...until...的強調)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
　　As a young man, Charles Darwin was regarded to be 　1　 disgrace to his family. However, his adventures on the ship, the Beagle, would lead to one of the most important scientific 　2　(discovery) of all time.
The journey on the ship offered him a good opportunity 　3　(study) the living things in their natural environment. He was so fascinated by rocks, plants and animals 　4　 he got his room on the ship crowded with samples. At that time, it was believed that all species 　5　(appear) on Earth at the same time and hadn t changed since. Through his careful observation, he began to think 　6　(different). He noticed that the beaks of the finches had some differences on each of the Gal pagos Islands according to what they ate. So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor, and that they had evolved to adapt 　7　 the environment.
Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 　8　(evolve). The book, On the Origin of Species, explained his theory, 　9　(cause) a heated storm of debate. Today, it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever 　10　(write).
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　
6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩)have a more complex communication system than past research has shown. The researchers say the animal uses more than ten kinds of calls, 　1　 can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of the calls 　2　 (generate) by three groups of chimpanzees. They live in the Tai National Park, the Ivory Coast. It s one of the last important 　3　 (area) of old-growth tropical forest in West Africa and home 　4　 many kinds of plants and animals. Chimpanzees are intelligent and 　5　 (high) social creatures. They can make and use tools and can 　6　 (teach) a small amount of human sign language.
Scientists 　7　 (know) that chimpanzees use different calls in the wild since a long time ago. But the new study offered a 　8　 (deep) understanding of their communication than before. Cedric was the leading 　9　 (write) of the study and said that the chimpanzee calls are among 　10　 most complex forms of communication described in non-human animals.
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　
6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
　　Many gardeners believe that “talking” to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be crazy at all. According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret “unseen” language.
For their experiment, the scientists picked a cabbage plant that is known to send out a gas when its surface is cut. In order to get video evidence of the communication, they changed the cabbage gene by adding the luciferase(熒光素酶), which is what makes fireflies(螢火蟲) glow in the dark.
When the changed cabbage plant was in full bloom, they cut a leaf off with a pair of scissors, and almost immediately, thanks to the luciferase, they could see the plant sending out “methyl jasmonate (茉莉酸甲酯)”.
While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars(毛蟲) away.
What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research. However, the team, which is led by Professor Nick Smirnoff, is quite excited about the findings because this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other.
1.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Gardeners.　　　B.Plants.　　　C.Scientists.　　　D.Fireflies.
2.Which of the following statements isn t TRUE of the passage when the plant sent out “methyl jasmonate”
A.The nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger.
B.The nearby cabbage plants started to send out a gas.
C.The nearby cabbage plants tried to warn the near plants.
D.The nearby cabbage plants communicated through a secret language.
3.What can we learn from the experiment
A.Plants don t live a passive life.
B.Plants can feel pain when they are cut.
C.Plants can warn the other leaves of danger.
D.Plants can talk with each other.
4.From which of the following is the text probably taken
A.A health magazine.　　　B.A biology magazine.
C.A medical research paper.　　　D.A travel brochure.
B
Biologists from the John Innes Centre in England discovered that plants have a biological process which divides their amount of stored energy by the length of the night. This solves the problem of how to portion out(分配) energy reserves during the night so that the plant can keep growing yet not risk burning off all its stored energy.
While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis(光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch(淀粉). At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.
“The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food,” said study co-author Alison Smith. “If the starch store is used too fast, plants will starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted.”
The scientists studied the plant Arabidopsis, which is regarded as a model plant for experiments. To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.
During one of the exams, they shut off the lights on the plants early that had been grown with twelve-hour days and nights. Putting them into darkness after only an eight-hour day meant they didn t have time to store as much starch as usual. And this forced the plants to adjust their normal nightly rhythm.
Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night. They had neither starved, nor stored starch that could have been used to fuel more growth.
The authors suggested that similar biological calculators may explain how a migratory bird, the little stint, can make a five-thousand-kilometer journey to their summer habitat in the Arctic and arrive with enough fat reserves to survive only approximately half a day more, on average.
The results of the study were published in eLife.
5.What can we learn from the passage
A.Plants use little energy during the day.　　　B.Plants usually stop growing at night.
C.Plants waste a lot of energy at night.　　　D.Plants store starch during the day.
6.What did the scientists do when studying Arabidopsis
A.They changed the plant s light conditions.　　　B.They provided the plant with more starch.
C.They tried to keep the plant s natural rhythm.　　　D.They attached a biological calculator to the plant.
7.How about the experimental plants when the morning arrived
A.They nearly died of lack of food.　　　B.They used most of their stored energy.
C.They began to regulate their food store.　　　D.They stored enough starch for the next day.
8.What can we learn about the little stint
A.They may have a system to control energy consumption.
B.They often die during their long and difficult journey.
C.They leave the Arctic in summer every year.
D.They are unable to calculate the distances.
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 5　Revealing nature
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.disgrace　2.samples　3.ancestors　4.generate
Ⅱ.1.distance　考查名詞。句意:你也可以參觀城市博物館,從你住的酒店走著就能到。within walking distance步行就能到。
2.convincing　考查形容詞。句意:在以令人信服的證據否認了所有指控后,這位荷蘭技術人員被宣布無罪并被釋放。設空處應用形容詞作定語修飾evidence,表示“使人信服的”,故填 convincing。注意:convinced 表示“確信的,信服的”,常指人的狀態。
3.evolution　考查名詞。句意:我很感激能讀到這部了不起的作品,我很激動能繼續探索生物學和進化的世界。設空處與and前的biology并列作of的賓語,應用名詞形式。
4.fascinated　考查形容詞。句意:當畫面開始出現時,孩子們看得入迷了。此處作狀語,表示主句主語的狀態,應用-ed結尾的形容詞,故填fascinated。
5.of　考查介詞。句意:海關官員懷疑那個旅客攜帶毒品,仔細檢查了他的手提箱。suspect sb. of doing sth.意為“懷疑某人做某事”。
6.in　考查介詞。句意:這個正在討論中的問題對我們公司的創新和發展非常重要。in question意為“在討論中的”。
7.is regarded　考查時態和語態。句意:醫療保健被認為是改善人們健康的重要途徑。此處表示客觀事實,應用一般現在時,且Health care與regard之間為被動關系,應用一般現在時的被動語態,故填is regarded。be regarded as意為“被認為是”。
8.answering　考查非謂語動詞。句意:據說那個響應號召的年輕人來自一個富有的家庭。分析句子可知,that引導的主語從句已含有謂語,故此處應用非謂語動詞。the young man與answer之間為主動關系,故用現在分詞短語作后置定語。
Ⅲ.1.adapting to　2.is crowded with　3.come to exist　4.led to　5.What s more
Ⅳ.1.to take part in;held in our school　2.It s you that/who　3.as I accepted the award　4.It was not until he got sick seriously that he realized the value of a healthy body.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.a　考查冠詞。句意:年輕時,查爾斯·達爾文被認為是家人的恥辱。be a disgrace意為“是恥辱,是丟臉的事”,故本空應用冠詞a。
2.discoveries　考查名詞復數。句意:然而,他在“貝格爾號”船上的探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的科學發現之一。根據空前one of可知,本空應用名詞復數形式。
3.to study　考查不定式。句意:在這艘船上的航行給他提供了一個研究生活在自己的自然環境中的生物的好機會。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語offered,故此處應用非謂語動詞。此處表示“做某事的好機會”,設空處作后置定語修飾抽象名詞opportunity,故應用不定式形式。
類比啟發　　　opportunity、chance、decision、wish、promise、plan、attempt、effort、right(權利)、ability等表示機會、愿望、企圖、打算、能力等意義的詞后常用不定式作后置定語。
4.that　考查固定結構。句意:他對巖石、植物和動物如此著迷,以至于他在船上的房間里堆滿了樣本。本句含有so...that...結構,意為“如此……以至于……”。
5.had appeared　考查時態。句意:當時,人們認為所有的物種都是同時出現在地球上的,后來再無變化。分析句子可知,設空處為that引導的主語從句的謂語,appear表示的動作發生在was believed之前,表示“過去的過去”,故本空應用過去完成時。
6.differently　考查副詞。句意:通過仔細觀察,他開始有了不同的想法。本空修飾動詞think,故應用副詞形式。
7.to　考查介詞。句意:所以他認為它們一定是從一個共同的祖先進化而來的,它們進化是為了適應環境。adapt to意為“適應”,故本空應用介詞to。
8.evolution　考查名詞。句意:達爾文的新思想以他的觀察為基礎,并創造出了進化論。根據空前介詞of可知,本空應用名詞形式。
9.causing　考查現在分詞。句意:《物種起源》這本書解釋了他的理論,引起了激烈的爭論。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語explained,故此處應用非謂語動詞。本空在句中作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果,故應用現在分詞形式。
10.written　考查過去分詞。句意:如今,它仍被認為是曾被寫出來的最重要的著作之一。本空在句中作定語,修飾名詞works,動詞write和works之間為被動關系,故本空應用過去分詞形式。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。研究語言進化的科學家表示,野生黑猩猩的交流系統比過去的研究顯示的要更復雜。研究人員表示,這種動物會發出十多種叫聲,可以組合成數百種不同的指令。
1.which　考查非限制性定語從句。句意:研究人員表示,這種動物會使用十多種叫聲,這些叫聲可以被組合成數百種不同的指令。設空處無提示詞,空前有逗號,逗號前面的句子結構完整,而空后句子缺少主語,故推測設空處引導非限制性定語從句。先行詞為calls,指物,設空處在從句中作主語,故填which。
2.generated　考查過去分詞。句意:研究小組對三組黑猩猩產生的叫聲進行了4,800次錄音。分析句子可知,本句已有謂語made,故此處應用非謂語動詞。generate和它所修飾的詞calls之間是被動關系,所以用過去分詞作后置定語,故填generated。
3.areas　考查名詞的復數。句意:它是西非僅剩的重要的未被砍伐的熱帶森林地區之一,也是多種植物和動物的家園。空前有one of,所以此處應用名詞的復數形式,表示“……之一”。故填areas。
4.to　考查介詞。句意見上題。be home to...為固定短語,意為“……的家園”。
5.highly　考查副詞。句意:黑猩猩很聰明,是高度群居的動物。設空處修飾形容詞social,應用副詞作狀語,故填highly。
6.be taught　考查被動語態。句意:它們會制作和使用工具,并且可以被教授少量的人類手勢語。分析句子可知,設空處與can共同構成與can make and use并列的謂語,且teach和主語They(指代Chimpanzees)之間是被動關系,所以用含情態動詞的被動語態,故填be taught。
7.have known　考查時態和主謂一致。句意:自很久以前,科學家們就知道黑猩猩在野外使用不同的叫聲。根據時間狀語since a long time ago可知,主句應用現在完成時態,主句主語是復數,故填have known。
8.deeper　考查比較級。句意:但這項新的研究對它們的交流提供了比以前更深入的理解。分析句子可知,此處應用形容詞作定語,再根據下文的than可知,應用比較級,故填deeper。
9.writer　考查名詞。句意:Cedric是這項研究的主要作者,他說黑猩猩的叫聲是非人類動物中描述的最復雜的交流形式之一。根據空前的the leading和空后的of可知,此處應用名詞形式。the leading writer意為“主筆人”。
10.the　考查冠詞。句意見上題。形容詞最高級前面加定冠詞,故填the。
【高頻詞匯】　1.complex adj.復雜的　2.combine v.結合;組合　3.intelligent adj.聰明的
Ⅲ.A
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文?？茖W家們通過實驗發現,植物之間可能在通過一種看不見的語言進行交流。
1.A　詞義猜測題。根據指代關系和畫線詞所在句“Many gardeners believe that‘talking’ to their plants helps them grow—it turns out that they may not be crazy at all.(許多園藝愛好者認為,與植物‘交談’有助于植物生長——事實證明,他們可能根本沒有瘋。)”可推知,they指代上文中的“gardeners”。
2.C　細節理解題。根據第五段中“What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants of the danger—something that will require further research.”可知科學家們不確定的是,這些植物是否在試圖警告其他葉子或附近的植物有危險——這需要進一步的研究。因此“鄰近的卷心菜植物試圖警告附近的植物。”是不準確的表述。故選C。
3.A　細節理解題。根據第五段中“this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other”可知,這是第一次證明植物不是被動地生活,而是真正地移動、感知甚至相互交流。故選A。
4.B　推理判斷題。通讀全文,結合第一段中“According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret ‘unseen’ language.”和最后一段中“this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other”可知,文章介紹了科學家們發現植物之間可能在通過一種“看不見的”語言進行交流,植物并不是被動地生活,它們能感知和交流。由此推知,本文很可能選自生物學雜志。
【高頻詞匯】　1.turn out結果是　2.release vt.釋放
3.require vt.要求;需要　4.prove vt.證明　5.passive adj.被動的
長難句　原句　While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to be released, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to detect some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars (毛蟲) away.
分析　本句是一個主從復合句。“While this was a known fact”為While引導的讓步狀語從句;“what was surprising”為what引導的主語從句;“that the minute this gas...away”為that引導的同位語從句,該從句中又包含定語從句“that they normally have to keep enemies like caterpillars (毛蟲) away”。
譯文　雖然這是一個眾所周知的事實,但令人驚訝的事實是,在這種氣體開始釋放的那一刻,附近的卷心菜植物似乎察覺到了某種危險,并開始釋放出一種氣體,它們通常需要這種氣體來趕走毛蟲等敵人。
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了植物體內有類似生物計算器的控制系統來控制能源消耗。
5.D　細節理解題。由第二段中的“While the sun shines, plants perform photosynthesis (光合作用). In this process, the plants change sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into stored energy in the form of long chains of sugar, called starch (淀粉).”可知,當陽光照射時,即白天,植物進行光合作用儲存淀粉。故選D。
6.A　細節理解題。由第四段中的“To give the plants some math tests, the biologists let night arrive unexpectedly early or late for them.”可知,為了研究擬南芥,科學家們讓它們的夜晚出乎意料地早或晚到來,即他們改變了植物的光照條件。故選A。
7.B　細節理解題。由第二段中的“At night, the plants burn this stored starch to fuel continued growth.”和第六段中的“Amazingly, even after this day length trick, the plants did very well in their exams and ended up with just five percent of starch left over at the end of the night.”可知,植物燃燒儲存的淀粉來生長,實驗植物只剩下5%的淀粉,說明它們使用了大部分儲存的能量。故選B。
8.A　推理判斷題。由第一段可知英國約翰英納斯中心的生物學家發現,植物有一個生物過程,它將儲存的能量除以夜晚的長度,這就解決了如何在夜間分配能量儲備的問題,這樣植物就可以在夜晚繼續生長,同時又不會冒著消耗所有儲存能量的風險。根據倒數第二段可知,類似的生物計算器可以解釋一種候鳥,小濱鷸,如何經過5,000千米的旅程到達它們在北極的夏季棲息地,到達時體內的脂肪儲備只夠平均多活大約半天。由此推知,小濱鷸可能也有一個系統來控制能源消耗。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.store vt.貯存;貯藏 n.儲備物　2.reserve n.儲備(量);儲藏(量)　3.in the form of以……的形式
4.fuel vt.(給……)提供燃料　5.unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地,意外地　6.migratory adj.遷徙的
7.approximately adv.大約　8.on average平均

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