資源簡介

Unit 5　Revealing nature
Part 2　Using language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.Frankly speaking, the airplane crash cast a 　　　　(巨大的) shadow on travellers.
2.It is distinct that not his teacher but the student himself is to 　　　　(責怪) for the failure in the exam.
3.Visitors to the base can see the pandas in their natural environment and learn about their unique 　　　　 (特征).
4.By contrast, the conditions in the school were fairly 　　　　 (原始的), no electricity and no basic teaching tools available.
5.It is reported that the number of tourists to the tourist attraction 　　　　 (減少) by 10% last year.
6.China Today attracts a w　　　 readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
Ⅱ.單元語法專練
題型(一)
1.It was the first time that he　　　　　 (meet) so strange a man.
2.I found the lecture hard to follow because it 　　　　　(start) when I arrived.
3.Silk　　　　　 (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
4.The old oak tree which　　　　　(stand) in the yard for 300 years, suddenly fell.
5.I 　　　　　(hope) to take a holiday this year but I wasn t able to get away.
6.Sarah 　　　　　(tell) that she could be Britain s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
7.He　　　　　 (enter) the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
8.Instead of getting down to a new task as I 　　　　　 (expect),he examined the previous work again.
9.It was really tiresome! As soon as I　　　　　 (put) the phone down, it rang again.
10.They might have found a better hotel if they 　　　　　 (drive) a few more kilometers.
題型(二)
When the Titanic was built, people thought it would never sink. So, when it 　1　 (sink) on its first journey, the news surprised everyone greatly.
The Titanic set sail from England on April 10,1912. On the fifth day of its voyage, when it 　2　 (sail) at full speed towards New York, it hit an iceberg. The captain, who 　3　(receive) warnings about icebergs, 　4　(dismiss) the warnings. At 2:20 am, the Titanic sank into the sea. It 　5　 (hit) an iceberg just over two hours before the disaster. More than 1,500 people lost their lives, and only 710 people 　6　(survive). Explorer Robert Ballard 　7　(search) for the Titanic for years before he found it. With his cameras, Robert managed to get photos of the holes along the side of the ship which 　8　(cause) it to sink.
1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　
4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　 6.　　　　　
7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　
能力提升練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, and others generate chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare preemptive (先發制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed(噴灑) snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛蟲), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. “This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival,” says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive,” he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will find out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
1.John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to　　　　.
A.give them a warning　　　B.make them grow better
C.keep plant-eating animals away　　　D.inform plant-eating animals of danger
2.Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3
A.To introduce another animal.　　　B.To confirm the result of the study.
C.To appeal to people to protect animals.　　　D.To analyze different resistance chemicals.
3.What does Richard Karban really want to know
A.What the finding of the research is.　　　B.What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C.Whether the research is of practical value.　　　D.How tomato plants become aware of danger.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Watchful Plants　　　B.Greedy Animals
C.A Snail s Approach　　　D.Defense Against an Attack
Ⅱ.七選五
Why Do Dogs Roll in the Grass
　　If your dog is anything like mine, she loves rolling around in a patch of grass whenever she gets a chance. And it always cracks me up to watch my dog, Nala, have the time of her life. 　1　 Is she cooling herself off Is she just super happy What could it be Here are some of the most common explanations behind this behavior.
　2　 It s important to remember how incredibly powerful your dog s nose is. They are picking up on hundreds of subtle scents(氣味) that we can t even comprehend! Sometimes they want to enjoy a scent they ve found in the grass and will roll around in it to do just that.
She s cooling herself off. 　3　 It might even be a little wet from a sprinkler—the perfect place for your dog to cool off in.
She s covering up her own scent. There s another reason why your pup may be rolling around in that patch of grass. Some experts hold the view that dogs may roll around in the grass to cover their own scent. 　4　
She s scratching an itch(撓癢). It s good to rule out any allergies and make sure your dog isn t rolling quickly to scratch a constantly itchy back or side, but otherwise, it s probably normal that she s having a good time.
　5　 I m not sure about you, but now I m even thinking about joining mine next time.
A.She s having fun.
B.She s enjoying a smell.
C.But I ve always wondered why she actually does it.
D.If it s a particularly hot day, the grass may look extra appealing to your dog.
E.It is not uncommon to see dogs rolling around in the grass at particular times of the year.
F.In other words, they want to smell like the environment so they don t scare off prey (獵物).
G.If you notice your dog rolling around in the grass, it s probably just her having the best time ever.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
Many years ago, I had an unforgettable experience. As I walked through the farmer s 　1　, my eyes were immediately drawn to a basket of strange fruits, almost alien-looking fruits. They were a far cry from the perfectly shiny, round things we were used to seeing in supermarkets. Feeling curious, I 　2　 the seller and asked about these strange fruits.
With a 　3　 smile, the seller explained that these 　4　 were heirloom varieties (傳家寶品種), which were 　5　 through generations. They may not 　6　 society s standards (標準) of beauty, but their wonderful taste was 　7　 by those who enjoyed the true nature of food. Because I was 　8　 about the seller s enthusiastic explanation, I decided to give them a try.
As we 　9　 the strange fruits, we felt they were incredibly delicious and made us feel really happy. Each bite was bursting with an intensity of taste we had never 　10　 before. The fruits were juicy, sweet, and possessed the complexity that stayed on our tongues. It was as if they held the very essence of nature s presents.
This encounter taught us a(n) 　11　 lesson about the importance of looking beyond the fruit s 　12　 and embracing the beauty of 　13　. In a world filled with uniformity (一致性), we had 　14　 the true value of uniqueness. These untraditional fruits were a reminder that 　15　 and quality often exist in the unexpected.
1.A.house　　　B.field
C.market　　　D.garden
2.A.believed　　　B.approached
C.punished　　　D.found
3.A.bitter　　　B.warm
C.strange　　　D.cold
4.A.fruits　　　B.plants
C.flowers　　　D.trees
5.A.looked for　　　B.talked about
C.given up　　　D.passed down
6.A.meet　　　B.maintain
C.generate　　　D.break
7.A.improved　　　B.suspected
C.appreciated　　　D.forgot
8.A.nervous　　　B.anxious
C.uneasy　　　D.curious
9.A.bought　　　B.ate
C.harvested　　　D.grew
10.A.experienced　　　B.remembered
C.liked　　　D.covered
11.A.boring　　　B.meaningless
C.valuable　　　D.imaginative
12.A.quality　　　B.appearance
C.origin　　　D.price
13.A.life　　　B.simplicity
C.art　　　D.imperfection
14.A.doubted　　　B.added
C.discovered　　　D.stressed
15.A.color　　　B.cost
C.weight　　　D.taste
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 5　Revealing nature
Part 2　Using language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.giant　2.blame　3.characteristics　4.primitive
5.declined　6.worldwide
Ⅱ.題型(一)
1.had met　句意:這是他第一次遇見如此奇怪的人。在“It was the first time that...”句型中,that從句常用過去完成時。
2.had started　句意:我發現講座難聽懂,因為我到達時它已經開始了。“到達”是過去的動作,“講座開始”發生在“我到達”之前,表示“過去的過去”,應用過去完成時。
3.had become　句意:到公元前一百年左右,絲綢已經成為絲綢之路沿線交易的主要商品之一。設空處作句子的謂語,時間狀語為“by+過去的時間”,故用過去完成時。
4.had stood　句意:在院子里挺立了三百年的老橡樹突然倒了。stand表示的動作發生在fell 表示的動作之前,故設空處用過去完成時。
5.had hoped　句意:我本來希望今年度個假,但我沒法離開。 hope、 expect、 suppose、 think、 want、 intend等動詞的過去完成時表示過去未實現的希望、設想或打算。
6.was told/has been told　句意:薩拉被告知她將成為英國新的超模,明年將賺一百萬美元。根據語境可知Sarah與tell之間為被動關系,故用被動語態。此處既可以用一般過去時態表示過去發生的動作,也可以用現在完成時態,表示過去發生的動作對現在的影響。
7.entered　句意:他進入房間,打開燈讀晚報。分析句子可知,句中and連接三個并列的謂語動詞。由turned on和read可知,此處應用一般過去時,故填 entered。
8.had expected　句意:他沒有像我期望的那樣著手做新的工作,而是又檢查了一遍先前的工作。根據句意可知,expect動作發生在examined之前,表示“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。
9.had put　句意:真討厭!我剛把電話放下,它又響了。根據句意可知,從句謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞rang所表示的動作之前,故從句時態應使用過去完成時,故填had put。
10.had driven　句意:如果他們再多開幾千米,他們可能會找到更好的旅館。由句意可知,此處使用了與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,if引導的從句應用過去完成時。
題型(二)
1.sank　句意:因此,當它第一次航行就沉沒時,這個消息使每個人都大吃一驚。根據主句中的surprised可知此處講述過去發生的事情,應用一般過去時。
2.was sailing　句意:在它航行的第五天,當它全速駛向紐約時,撞上了冰山。此處表示在過去某段時間正在進行的動作,因此用過去進行時。
3.had received　句意:船長收到了關于冰山的警告,(但)他沒理會這些警告。dismiss動作發生在過去,receive動作發生在dismiss之前,因此用過去完成時。
4.dismissed　句意見上題。根據語境可知此處是過去發生的動作,故應用一般過去時。
5.had hit　句意:它在災難發生前兩個多小時撞上了冰山。根據上文“At 2:20 am, the Titanic sank into the sea.”可知hit動作發生在sank into the sea之前,因此用過去完成時。
6.survived　句意:1,500多人喪生,只有710人幸存。根據并列分句中的lost可知此處應用一般過去時。
7.had searched/searched　句意:探險家羅伯特·巴拉德花了數年才找到泰坦尼克號。search動作發生在found之前,因此可以用過去完成時。此外,before表示的先后關系非常明顯,所以此處用一般過去時也是對的。
8.had caused　句意:羅伯特設法用他的相機拍下了導致船下沉的船舷上的洞的照片。managed動作發生在過去,cause動作發生在managed之前,表示“過去的過去”,因此設空處用過去完成時。
能力提升練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。研究發現,一些植物可以在被攻擊前很好地感覺到攻擊者,這讓植物準備了先發制人的防御,甚至可以對抗其他有害物種。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第二段中“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可知,John Orrock在西紅柿植株附近的泥土上噴灑液體的目的是給予植物一種警告,讓它們能夠產生自我保護性反應。故選A。
2.B　推理判斷題。根據第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning s impact on another potential threat.(最初,Orrock發現這種防御方法對蝸牛有效;在最新的研究中,他的團隊估量了這種黏液警告對另一種潛在威脅的影響。)”可推知,文中提到毛蟲的例子是為了驗證這一點,即確認研究的結果。故選B。
3.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的 “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”可知,他想知道西紅柿植株是如何感受到蝸牛黏液中的化學物質,而這些化學物質從未真正接觸過它們。由此可推斷出Richard Karban想知道西紅柿植株是如何感知危險的,故選D。
4.A　主旨大意題。
Para. 1 新的研究表明,一些植物能感知到動物即將發動的攻擊,并準備好先發制人的防御。
Para. 2 John Orrock的研究過程及其發現。
Para. 3 以毛蟲為例,進一步驗證植物能產生防御。
Para. 4 沒有參與這項研究的植物通信專家Richard Karban對這一發現感到好奇。
Para. 5 Orrock希望未來的研究能夠找出使植物能夠感知這些相對較遠的信號的機制。
從各段落的主旨來看,本文主要介紹的是有關植物的科學研究,研究發現植物有對外在威脅或攻擊的自我保護性反應。由此可知,A項“Watchful Plants(警覺的植物)”適合作文章標題。
【高頻詞匯】　1.lay vt.產(卵);下(蛋)　2.attack n.& v.攻擊　3.defense n.防御　4.measure v.測量;估量
5.potential adj.潛在的,可能的　6.threat n.威脅
7.appetite n.食欲　8.be exposed to接觸;暴露于
9.be involved in參與
【差距詞匯】　1.curl (sth.) up(使)形成緊緊的卷曲狀
2.drool v.垂涎;淌口水　3.activate vt.激活
4.mechanism n.機制;方法
長難句　原句　The finding that a snail s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study.
分析　本句為主從復合句。“that a snail s approach can cause a plant response”為that引導的同位語從句,說明finding的內容;“that affects a different animal”為that引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞a plant response;“a plant communications expert”作Richard Karban的同位語;“who was not involved in the study”為who引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞Richard Karban。
譯文　蝸牛的接近會引起植物的反應,影響到一種不同的動物,這一發現讓沒有參與這項研究的植物通信專家Richard Karban感到好奇。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了小狗在草地上打滾的原因。
1.C　過渡句。根據“Is she cooling herself off Is she just super happy What could it be ”可知,空后提出了一些問題,說明空處為作者一直在想為什么小狗要在草地上打滾。C項“但我一直想知道它到底為什么這么做。”符合語境。
2.B　主旨句。根據空后內容可知,本段介紹小狗在草地上打滾的原因之一是它們喜歡草地上的氣味。B項“它正在享受一種味道。”適合作為本段的主旨句。B項中的“enjoying a smell”和下文中的“enjoy a scent”相呼應。
3.D　細節句。根據設空處前后文可知,小狗在草地上打滾的原因之一是天氣熱的時候,草地上比較涼快。D項“如果天氣特別熱,草地可能會對你的狗特別有吸引力。”符合語境。D項中的“a particularly hot day”是前文中“cooling herself off”的原因。
4.F　細節句。根據“Some experts hold the view that dogs may roll around in the grass to cover their own scent.”可知,空處需要進一步說明為什么小狗需要在草地上打滾來掩蓋自己的氣味。F項“換言之,它們想讓自己的味道聞起來像環境的味道,這樣就不會嚇跑獵物。”符合語境。
5.G　細節句。根據“I m not sure about you, but now I m even thinking about joining mine next time.”可知,此處總結狗在草地上玩的時候應該是它最開心的時光。G 項“如果你注意到你的狗在草地上打滾,那可能只是它有史以來最好的時光。”符合語境。
【高頻詞匯】　1.cool sb. off使某人感到涼爽;使冷靜　2.incredibly adv.難以置信地,非常地　3.comprehend v.理解　4.cover vt.掩蓋　5.uncommon adj.不常有的,罕見的
【差距詞匯】　1.crack sb. up使某人大笑起來　2.pick up on領略;意會;意識到　3.rule out排除
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在市場上偶然見到一種從未見過的水果,長相奇怪卻味道香甜。作者感悟到我們要超越事物的外表,擁抱不完美的美。這些非傳統的水果提醒我們,味道和品質往往存在于意想不到的地方。
1.C　根據下文“Feeling curious, I 　2　 the seller and asked about these strange fruits.”可知,作者和賣水果的人交談,由此可知,作者是在農貿市場(market)上見到了一種奇異的水果。
2.B　根據“asked about these strange fruits”可知,作者走到水果攤販面前,想要更多地了解這種水果。believe相信,認為;approach靠近,接近;punish懲罰;find發現。
3.B　根據下文“Because I was 　8　 about the seller s enthusiastic explanation”可知,賣家很耐心地做了解答,說明賣家很熱情。enthusiastic一詞意為“熱情的,充滿激情的”,與warm意思相近。bitter令人痛苦的;strange奇怪的;cold冷漠的。
4.A　根據第一段中“...my eyes were immediately drawn to a basket of strange fruits, almost alien-looking fruits.”及“asked about these strange fruits”可知,作者是向賣家詢問了解一種水果,賣家應該是向作者介紹這種水果(fruits)。
5.D　根據空前“heirloom varieties”及空后“through generations”可知,這個水果品種是賣家家族代代傳承(passed down)至今的。look for尋找;talk about談論;give up放棄。
6.A　句意:它們可能不符合社會的審美標準,但它們美妙的味道卻被那些享受食物真正本質的人欣賞。該空動詞的賓語是society s standards of beauty,因此A項“meet(符合)”符合語境。maintain保持,維持;generate產生,創造;break打破。
7.C　設空處的主語是their wonderful taste,動作發出者是those who enjoyed the true nature of food,由此可知,享受食物真正本質的人對這種水果的味道應該是贊賞(appreciated)的。improve提高,改進;suspect猜想,懷疑;forget忘記。
8.D　根據下文“I decided to give them a try”可知,聽了賣家的介紹之后作者特別想嘗試一下這種水果,這說明作者很好奇(curious)。nervous緊張的;anxious焦慮的;uneasy擔心的。
9.B　根據“we felt they were incredibly delicious”及“Each bite was bursting with an intensity of taste...”可知,作者介紹水果的味道,應該是吃到了(ate)這種水果。buy買;harvest收獲;grow種植。
10.A　句意:每一口都充滿了我們之前從未體驗過的強烈味道。根據常識可知,食物的味道應該是自己親身體驗,親口品嘗。experience體驗,經歷;remember記得;like喜歡;cover覆蓋。
11.C　下文“In a world filled with uniformity...in the unexpected.”這兩句話是作者從這次經歷中感悟到的,是對今后人生起到指導作用的、很寶貴的(valuable)教訓。boring乏味的;meaningless無意義的;imaginative富有想象力的。
12.B　根據第一段中“a basket of strange fruits, almost alien-looking fruits”及第9空后“incredibly delicious”和“The fruits were juicy, sweet, and possessed the complexity that stayed on our tongues.”可知,這種水果雖然外表怪異,味道卻極好,所以作者認為應該越過事物不完美的外表(appearance)去認識本質。quality質量;origin起源;price價格。
13.D　根據第一段中“They were a far cry from the perfectly shiny, round things we were used to seeing in supermarkets.”可知這種水果的外表不完美,不符合大眾審美標準。故此處表示“我們要超越水果的外表,擁抱不完美(imperfection)的美”。life生活;simplicity簡單;art藝術。
14.C　句意:在一個充斥著千篇一律的(事物的)世界里,我們發現了獨特性的真正價值。該空動詞的賓語是the true value of uniqueness,這里指在生活中發現了(discovered)與眾不同之物的真正價值。doubt懷疑;add添加,補充;stress重讀,強調。
15.D　作者從這種外表奇怪的水果中品嘗到了極美妙的味道,超越外表認識到這種水果的真正品質。所以這里taste(味道)與quality并列是符合語境的。 color顏色;cost花費,成本;weight重量,體重。
【高頻詞匯】　1.enthusiastic adj.熱心的　2.encounter n.偶遇,邂逅　3.embrace vt.欣然接受　4.reminder n.引起回憶的事物;提醒人的事物
【熟詞生義】　draw vt.吸引(注意力)

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