資源簡介

Unit 6　Earth first
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.She lost her souvenir, but 　　　　 (幸運地) she found it on her way home.
2.Set yourself 　　　　 (目標) that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
3.His dramatic speech called for a step change in 　　　　 (態度) to the environment in the 21st century.
4. Off his bike and into the cool water he 　　　　 (潛水), disappearing below the surface.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.However, the two zookeepers didn t want to see the 　　　　　 (extinct) of this precious species.
2.Positive thinking has several beneficial effects 　　　　　 the body and the mind.
3.I see libraries 　　　　　 a safe place for readers and writers, and a bridge that helps connect a reader with a book.
4.The little girl was very 　　　　　 when she saw the 　　　　　 snake lying on the ground and she was almost 　　　　　 to death. (scare)
5.Finally he reached a lonely island which 　　　　 (cut) off from the outside world.
6.Some successful deaf dancers think dancing is an activity 　　　　 sight matters more than hearing.
7.When Snow White came to herself, she found herself 　　　　 (surround) by seven dwarfs(小矮人).
Ⅲ.選詞填空
due to;rather than;be frightened of;the other way round
1.　　　　　　 the cruelty of the tigers, some people 2.　　　　　　 them very much. However, some people are 3.　　　　　　 because they know more about the creatures. They think people themselves 4.　　　　　　 tigers are a danger and they call on people to protect this animal.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.大雨不僅會沖走土壤,還會引發嚴重的水災。
Heavy rain would 　　　　 　　　　 wash away the soil, 　　　　 　　　　 cause serious floods.
2.小男孩既好奇又興奮地打開了他的禮盒。(形容詞作狀語)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, the little boy unwrapped his present box.(讀后續寫—情節描寫)
3.我們正在談論下一個目的地,突然一位陌生男子插入了談話。
We 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 our next destination 　　　　 a strange man cut in on the talk.
4.并不是所有的電影都基于真實的故事。(一句多譯:部分否定)
①Not 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 based on true stories.
②All 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 based on true stories.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
　　The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark 　1　 attacks and kills swimmers. Though it was a great success, it made people more 　2　(frighten) of sharks. Some people afraid of the horrible creature 　3　(stop) swimming in the sea, while others started fishing for sharks, killing as many as possible.
After 1975, 　4　 number of large sharks around America fell quickly, which was not only because of the fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a kind of fishing where sharks 　5　(catch) and their fins cut off.
Finning would influence Peter Benchley unexpectedly, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, he saw sharks 　6　(kill) by fishermen while he was diving and the awful sight made him come to see people as a danger to sharks. From that day on, he fought 　7　(protect) sharks. Besides, experts have proved that sharks don t regard people as food, and that they don t attack us 　8　 purpose.
　9　(fortunate), not all the viewers became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from 　10　(extinct).
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
China will establish a new range of national parks, including Huanghekou, Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu and Kalamayli, in an 　1　(order) manner, Guan Zhiou, head of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said on Saturday.
Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures 　2　(strengthen) the protection of the ecosystem and improve ecological functions.
China s national parks are specific land or sea areas 　3　 main target is to protect the 　4　(national) representative natural ecosystems of the country and realize the scientific protection and reasonable use of natural resources.
In 2021, China established the first batch(一批) of national parks, with 　5　 protected land area of 230,000 square km. These parks, including the Sanjiangyuan National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and so on, are home to nearly 30 percent of the key land wildlife species 　6　 (find) in the country.
“The Sanjiangyuan National Park realized the full protection of the source of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang 　7　(river) and the Tibetan antelope(藏羚羊) population has been restored to over 70,000. In the Giant Panda National Park, more than 70 percent of wild pandas are 　8　 good protection,” the official added.
“Efforts 　9　(make) to promote(促進) high-level protection and the promulgation(頒布) of the National Park Law,” Guan said, 　10　 (add) that “China will also increase the application of new technologies, build a world-class scientific research monitoring platform, and strengthen national park management abilities”.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Every year, millions of birds fly between Mexico s Sierra Madre Oriental mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures, giving rise to an event known as the “River of Raptors”, which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
“Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites, but they say they have never seen anything as grand as the ‘River of Raptors’ in Veracruz,” said Steven Koevoet, a birdwatching guide who has shown visitors places in Yucatan and Veracruz for over 25 years.
Yet the yearly event has not led to a large increase in ecotourism. Experts suggest the lack(缺乏) of increased ecotourism is mainly caused by Mexico s failure to encourage tourists away from its beach holiday center. Environmentalists believe high levels of force and environmentally unfriendly practices are also problems for developing ecotourism in the states of Chiapas and Veracruz. Force has stopped birdwatching for years in some places, where the activity was an important source of money for local communities.
But, environmental groups, universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this. Angel Viveros, a farmer, uses land owned by his family for activities including birdwatching, horse riding, skydiving and hiking. Supported by the group Pronatura Veracruz, which studies and counts the birds in the yearly migration, he is now receiving hundreds of visitors yearly. Local coffee producers organize coffee tastings and educational talks about the importance of birds in spreading seeds(種子). A green, bird-friendly stamp for those producers could be the next step. One retiree who has been visiting Veracruz since 2002 had this to say, “In addition to feeling the physical relaxation, it is like something spiritual...There are no words to describe what it feels like to see the river of birds.”
1.What is the “River of Raptors” known for
A.The rich varieties of birds.　　　B.The size of migrating birds.
C.The number of birdwatchers.　　　D.The long distance of migration.
2.Why is Steven Koevoet mentioned
A.To stress the popularity of the event.　　　B.To explain his intention to be a guide.
C.To show his devotion to local tourism.　　　D.To prove the impressiveness of the event.
3.What prevents the development of ecotourism in Mexico according to experts
A.High levels and rates of force.　　　B.The lack of government support.
C.Disagreement among local communities.　　　D.The adoption of not eco-friendly methods.
4.What do we know about ecotourism from the last paragraph
A.People hold different attitudes to it.　　　B.It has an uncertain future in Veracruz.
C.Combined efforts are made to develop it.　　　D.It is a major source of money for the locals.
B
The world s animal populations have decreased by more than two-thirds since 1970, according to recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
The London group provided information on 32,000 wildlife populations which included more than 5,000 species. The researchers found that population sizes had reduced by 69 percent on average. They said the loss of forests, human exploitation(開發) of the environment, pollution, and climate change were major causes of the loss. Land-use change is still the biggest threat to wildlife. However, the researchers added, “If we cannot limit warming to 1.5℃, climate change is likely to become the primary cause of biodiversity(生物多樣性) loss in the coming years.”
Wildlife populations in Latin America and the Caribbean Sea area were greatly affected. The research showed a 94 percent drop in those areas in over 50 years. Wildlife populations in river and lake habitats decreased the most. Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example, the population of pink river dolphins in the Amazon River area of Brazil fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.
These findings are a red flag that warns of a larger system failure on the horizon. Even one species population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem s ability to function. Humans depend on a stable climate, predictable weather patterns, and productive farmland and fisheries to develop, but the current trends are severe enough to threaten many life-sustaining systems.
Our future depends on reversing(扭轉) the loss of nature just as much as it depends on addressing climate change. And you can t solve one without solving the other. Everyone plays a role in reversing these trends, from individuals to companies to governments. If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
5.What has been the greatest threat to wildlife populations recently
A.Illegal hunting.　　　B.Global warming.　　　C.Land-use change.　　　D.Environmental pollution.
6.How does the author explain the reduction of freshwater wildlife in Paragraph 3
A.By listing figures.　　　B.By analyzing the causes.
C.By making a comparison.　　　D.By referring to a concept.
7.What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A.Climate change threatens many wild animals.
B.Farmland is the basis of life-sustaining systems.
C.Extreme weather events have become more frequent.
D.Species variety is important to maintain a stable ecosystem.
8.What is the main purpose of the text
A.To explain the difficulty of restoring ecosystems.
B.To call on people to take action to protect nature.
C.To present the increasing trend of climate change.
D.To show people s efforts in making up for the loss of nature.
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 6　Earth first
Part 1　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.fortunately　2.targets/goals/objectives/objects
3.attitudes　4.dived
Ⅱ.1.extinction　考查名詞。句意:然而,這兩位動物園管理員不希望看到這種珍貴物種滅絕。根據空前的the和空后的of可知設空處應用名詞作動詞see的賓語。此處表示“滅絕”,故填extinction。
2.on/upon　考查介詞。句意:積極思考對身體和思想有多種益處。have a(n)...effect on/upon...為固定搭配,意為“對……有影響”。故填on/upon。
3.as　考查介詞。句意:我將圖書館看作讀者和作者的避風港,一座幫助把讀者與圖書聯系到一起的橋梁。see...as...為固定搭配,意為“把……看作……”。故填as。
4.scared; scary; scared　考查形容詞。句意:小女孩看到那條躺在地上的嚇人的蛇時非常害怕,她幾乎被嚇死了。第一空作系動詞was的表語,空前有very修飾,且由句意可知,第一空表示“害怕的”,應用修飾人的形容詞scared;第二空作定語,修飾空后的名詞snake,表示“嚇人的”,應用scary;固定搭配be scared to death意為“被嚇得要死”,故第三空填scared。
5.was cut　考查時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:最終他到達了一個與世隔絕的人跡罕至的島上。分析句子結構可知,“which...the outside world”為which引導的定語從句,which代替先行詞a lonely island在定語從句中作主語,先行詞是第三人稱單數,則從句謂語用第三人稱單數形式。定語從句的主語與固定搭配cut...off from...(使……與……隔斷/絕)之間是被動關系,應用被動語態;由語境和主句謂語reached可知,從句應用一般過去時。故填was cut。
易錯歸因
本題易錯填cut,錯誤原因是不知道固定搭配cut...off from...的意思,沒有理解到該島嶼是“被隔絕”,從而造成句子語態錯誤;也可能對cut的過去分詞變化形式記憶不準確而錯填成was cuted/cutted。
6.where　考查關系副詞。句意:一些成功的失聰的舞蹈家認為舞蹈是一項視覺比聽覺更重要的活動。本句中think后為省略that的賓語從句。在該賓語從句中,“　　　 sight...hearing”為設空處引導的定語從句,修飾表抽象地點的先行詞an activity;由語境可知,該定語從句表示“在這項活動中視覺比聽覺更重要”,由此可知設空處相當于in the activity,關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,因此用where。
7.surrounded　考查過去分詞作賓語補足語。句意:白雪公主蘇醒后,發現自己被七個小矮人圍著。此處使用的是“find+賓語+賓補”結構,賓語為herself,設空處作賓語補足語,且賓語herself與動詞surround之間為被動關系,應用過去分詞作賓語補足語,故填surrounded。
Ⅲ.1.Due to　2.are frightened of　3.the other way round
4.rather than
Ⅳ.1.not only; but also　2.Curious and excited　3.were talking about; when　4.①all films are　②films are not
類比啟發
all與否定詞連用構成部分否定(即不完全否定)的形式是“not all...”或“all...not...”,意為“并非都……;不是所有的……都……”。例如:
Not all bamboo grows tall.=All bamboo doesn t grow tall.并非所有的竹子都長得很高。
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.that/which　考查定語從句。設空處引導定語從句,先行詞為a great white shark,指物,關系詞在從句中作主語,故用關系代詞that或which。
2.frightened　考查形容詞。句意:盡管它大獲成功,但它使人們更加害怕鯊魚。根據句意和句子結構可知,此處使用了“make+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,表示“使人們更害怕”,賓語是people,設空處作賓語補足語,表示人們“感到害怕的”,故用形容詞frightened。(be) frightened of...意為“害怕……”。
3.stopped　考查時態。句意:一些害怕這種可怕生物的人再也不去海里游泳了,而另外一些人開始肆無忌憚地捕殺鯊魚。本句中while為并列連詞,連接兩個并列分句,表示前后兩種情況的對比,意為“而”。由while后面分句中的謂語started及語境可知前一分句也要用一般過去時,故填stopped。
4.the　考查冠詞。句意:1975年之后,美國各地的大鯊魚的數量迅速下降……。the number of...意為“……的數量”,故本空應填定冠詞the。
5.are caught　考查時態、語態及主謂一致。句意:割魚鰭是一種捕魚方式,在這種捕魚方式中,鯊魚被抓住,魚鰭被割掉。本句中where引導定語從句,設空處為該定語從句的謂語。由句意可知定語從句是在介紹這種捕魚方式,表示一種客觀事實,應用一般現在時;從句主語sharks和動詞catch之間為被動關系,應用被動語態;主語是復數形式,故填are caught。
6.being killed　考查非謂語動詞。句意:1980年,他在潛水時目睹了鯊魚被漁夫捕殺,而且這可怕的一幕使他意識到人類是鯊魚的威脅。由句意和句子結構可知,此處使用了“see+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,賓語是sharks,設空處作賓補;賓語sharks與動詞kill是邏輯上的被動關系,且由句中的“while he was diving”可知此處表示當時正在發生的動作,因此用being killed。
7.to protect　考查不定式。fight to do sth.為固定搭配,意為“為做某事而斗爭”。故填to protect。
8.on　考查介詞。句意:而且,專家們已經證明鯊魚沒有將人類視為食物,它們對我們的攻擊是無意的。on purpose為固定搭配,意為“故意地”,與前邊的don t合起來表示“不是故意的”。故填on。
9.Fortunately　考查副詞。句意:幸運的是,不是每個看過電影《大白鯊》的人都變得害怕鯊魚……。本空修飾整個句子,應用副詞作狀語。
10.extinction　考查名詞。根據空前的介詞from可知,本空應用名詞形式;此處表示“滅絕”,故填extinction。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了繼2021年建立第一批國家公園之后,我國將建立新一批國家公園以保護自然生態系統。
1.orderly　考查形容詞。句意:國家林業和草原局局長關志鷗周六表示,中國將有序地建立新一批國家公園,包括黃河口國家公園、錢江源—百山祖國家公園和卡拉麥里國家公園。分析句子可知,此空修飾空后的名詞manner,應用形容詞作定語;in an orderly manner意為“以一種有條理的方式”。故填orderly。
2.to strengthen　考查動詞不定式。句意:關志鷗在青海省省會西寧舉行的第二屆國家公園論壇上說,中國采取了最嚴格的措施來加強對生態系統的保護,改善生態功能。根據句意可知,此空作目的狀語,應用不定式。故填to strengthen。
3.whose　考查定語從句。句意:中國的國家公園是特定的陸域或海域,其主要目的是保護中國具有全國代表性的自然生態系統,實現自然資源的科學保護和合理利用。分析句子可知,“　3　 main target is to protect...”是定語從句,先行詞是land or sea areas,設空處在從句中作定語,修飾名詞短語main target。故填whose。
4.nationally　考查副詞。句意同上。分析句子可知,此空修飾形容詞representative,應用副詞作狀語,故用national的副詞形式nationally,表示“全國性地”。
5.a　考查冠詞。句意:2021年,中國建立了第一批國家公園,保護的陸地區域面積為23萬平方千米。area為可數名詞,此處表泛指概念,應用不定冠詞;protected的發音以輔音音素開頭,故填a。“with a protected land area of 230,000 square km”意為“有著面積為230,000平方千米的被保護的陸地區域”。
6.found　考查過去分詞。句意:這些公園,包括三江源國家公園、大熊貓國家公園、東北虎豹國家公園等,是在中國發現的近30%的主要陸生野生生物物種的棲息地。分析句子可知,句子主干是“These parks are home to...”,句中已有謂語動詞are,設空處應用非謂語動詞。由語境可知,此處表示“在我國發現的主要陸生野生生物物種”,則設空處作后置定語,修飾wildlife species;wildlife species和find之間為邏輯上的被動關系,應用過去分詞。故填found。
7.rivers　考查名詞的數。句意:三江源國家公園實現了對長江、黃河、瀾滄江源頭的全面保護,藏羚羊種群已恢復到七萬多只。由句意可知,這里表示三條河流,所以應用復數形式。故填rivers。
8.under　考查介詞。句意:……在大熊貓國家公園,超過70%的野生大熊貓受到良好的保護……。under good protection意為“在良好的保護下”,為固定搭配。故填under。
9.will be made　考查時態和語態。句意:……我國將努力推進高水平保護和《國家公園法》的頒布……。由下文的will also increase及語境可知此處要用一般將來時,且主語為Efforts,與make之間是被動關系,故填will be made。
10.adding　考查現在分詞。句意:……關志歐補充道,中國還將加大新技術的應用,建設世界級的科研監測平臺,加強國家公園管理能力。分析句子可知,此空作狀語,Guan和add之間為主動關系,應用現在分詞作狀語。故填adding。
【高頻詞匯】　1.representative adj.有代表性的;典型的 n.代表　2.reasonable adj.合理的
Ⅲ.A
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章通過大批觀鳥者來墨西哥觀看鳥類遷徙的壯觀景象引出對墨西哥生態旅游業的發展現狀的介紹。
1.B　細節理解題。根據第一段“Every year, millions of birds fly...which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.”和第二段中的“Many of my customers have been at other famous bird migration sites...in Veracruz(我的許多顧客都去過其他著名的鳥類遷徙地點,但他們說他們從來沒有見過像韋拉克魯斯的‘猛禽之河’這樣壯觀的)”可知,“猛禽之河”因為鳥類遷徙的巨大規模而出名。故選B。
2.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段Steven Koevoet的話“Many of my customers...in Veracruz”可知,作者提及Steven Koevoet是為了借助他的話來證明“猛禽之河”的壯觀。故選D。
3.B　細節理解題。根據第三段第二句“Experts suggest...its beach holiday center.(專家認為,生態旅游缺乏增長的主要原因是墨西哥未能鼓勵游客遠離其海灘度假中心。)”可知,缺乏政府的支持導致墨西哥生態旅游發展受阻。故選B。
4.C　推理判斷題。最后一段首句“But, environmental groups, universities and farmers in Veracruz are trying to change this.”提到韋拉克魯斯的環保組織、大學和農民正在努力改變“猛禽之河”事件未能促進生態旅游業的發展這一狀況,接著介紹了農場主Angel Viveros和當地咖啡生產商為促進生態旅游業的發展做出的努力,下一步可能是為這些生產商發鳥類友好型認證。綜合分析上述信息可知,人們正共同努力以發展生態旅游業。故選C。
【高頻詞匯】　1.give rise to引起,使產生　2.grand adj.宏偉的;壯麗的;宏大的　3.in addition to...除……之外 (還……)
長難句
原句　Every year, millions of birds fly between Mexico s Sierra Madre Oriental mountains and the Gulf of Mexico from August to November to escape cold temperatures, giving rise to an event known as the “River of Raptors”, which brings hundreds of foreign birdwatchers to the coastal area of Veracruz.
分析　本句是主從復合句。“giving rise to an event...Veracruz”是現在分詞短語作結果狀語;其中“known as the ‘River of Raptors’”是過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾event;“which brings...Veracruz”是which引導的非限制性定語從句,修飾the “River of Raptors”。
譯文　每年的8月到11月,數百萬只鳥在墨西哥的東馬德雷山脈和墨西哥灣之間飛行,以躲避寒冷的氣溫,這引起了被稱為“猛禽之河”的事件,吸引了數百名外國觀鳥者來到韋拉克魯斯的沿海地區。
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了野生動物種群數量自1970年以來已經減少了三分之二以上。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Land-use change is still the biggest threat to wildlife.(土地利用變化仍然是野生動物面臨的最大威脅。)”可知,最近野生動物種群面臨的最大威脅是土地利用變化。故選C。
6.A　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Freshwater populations have reduced by an average of 83 percent since 1970. For example...fell by 65 percent between 1994 and 2016.(自1970年以來,淡水種群平均減少了83%。例如,從1994年到2016年,巴西亞馬孫河地區的粉紅河豚數量下降了65%。)”可推斷,作者主要通過列舉數字來解釋淡水野生動物的減少。故選A。
7.D　細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Even one species population reduction can affect other species, eventually impacting the ecosystem s ability to function.(甚至一個物種的數量減少也會影響到其他物種,最終影響到生態系統的運作能力。)”可知,物種多樣性對維持穩定的生態系統很重要。故選D。
8.B　推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到從個人到公司再到政府,每個人在扭轉這些趨勢方面都發揮著作用;如果沒有任何改變,動物的數量無疑將繼續下降,導致野生動物滅絕,并威脅到我們所有人賴以生存的生態系統的整體性。結合全文對野生動物數量減少的介紹可推斷,本文的主要目的是呼吁人們采取行動保護自然。故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.decrease v.& n.減少,降低　2.threat n.構成威脅的事物;威脅,恐嚇　threaten vt.威脅,恐嚇　
3.primary adj.最重要的,基本的;最初的　4.depend on依靠,取決于　5.trend n.趨勢,傾向　6.undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地;必定
【熟詞生義】　address v.設法解決
長難句
原句　If nothing changes, animal populations will undoubtedly continue to fall, driving wildlife to extinction and threatening the wholeness of the ecosystems on which we all depend.
分析　本句為主從復合句。“If nothing changes”為If引導的條件狀語從句;“driving...”和“threatening...”是and連接的兩個并列的現在分詞短語作結果狀語,其中“on which we all depend”是“介詞on+which”引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞the ecosystems。
譯文　如果沒有什么改變,動物的數量必定會繼續下降,使得野生動物滅絕并威脅到我們所有人賴以生存的生態系統的整體性。
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