資源簡介

Unit 6　Earth first
Part 2　Using language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.We should make efforts to build more 　　　　 (保護區) to protect the animals in danger.
2.The three teams 　　　　 (采取) three different ways to solve the problem but they got the same result.
3.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing 　　　　 (影響) performance.
4.It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely 　　　　 (修復).
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.No one died, but three of the villagers were 　　　　　(severe) hurt in the flood.
2.No one will be allowed to go into the lab without the teacher s 　　　　　(permit).
3.The 　　　　　 (establish) of national parks plays an active role in environmental protection.
4.The use of robots reduced the company s expenses 　　　　　 11% last year.
5.An informer supplied the police 　　　　　 the names of those involved in the crime.
6.With the Pacific Ocean nearby, fresh fish was never 　　　　　 short supply.
7.The scientist 　　　　　 to studying space, and his spirit of 　　　　　 is worth learning. (devote)
8.Social media permit users 　　　　　 (experience) news events more quickly.
9.My car 　　　　　 (damage) to such an extent in the accident yesterday that it could not be repaired.
Ⅲ.單元語法專練
題型(一)
1.When I saw Usain Bolt 　　　　　 (run) in 2012 London Olympics, I was amazed.
2.The old couple often have a walk after supper in the park built last year, with their pet dog 　　　　　 (follow) them.
3.Don t have the light 　　　　　 (burn) all day, which is a bad habit you must quit.
4.The shy girl raised her voice to make herself 　　　　　 (hear).
5.Before boarding the flight, you are required to get your luggage 　　　　　 (check).
題型(二)
1.當他抬頭看時,他發現朵朵白云在蔚藍的天空中流動,就像魚兒在海洋中游泳。(“find+賓語+賓補”,flow)
When he looked up, he 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the blue sky just like fish swimming in the ocean.(讀后續寫—環境描寫)
2.看到我陷入如此困境,爸爸很驚訝,不過驚訝很快就變成了笑聲。(“see+賓語+賓補”,catch)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in such a difficult situation, Dad was surprised, but soon surprise was transformed into laughter.
3.(女孩的)父親啟動了卡車,(女孩的)母親和女孩坐在后座,向我揮手告別。(with的復合結構,seat)
The father started the truck, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the back seats, waving goodbye to me.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Saihanba is a green miracle passed on from generation to generation.
The Saihanba Forest Farm is the world s largest man-made forest, a 747-square-kilometer barrier (屏障), over 400 kilometers north of Beijing, planted to save the Chinese capital from desertification (the gradual change of habitable land into desert, which is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land).
Today, overlooking the sea of green, it would be hard to imagine that a half century ago, the area was wasteland.
　　The big change began 59 years ago with the effort of a group of foresters and engineers who were determined to turn the area into a forest. In 1962, the Chengde Saihanba Mechanical Forest Farm under the Ministry of Forestry was formally established. Some 369 young people from different parts of the country went all the way north to Saihanba.
Food and shelter were in short supply, so the group grew their own potatoes and corn and set up simple shelters and tents, sometimes using only brunches and straw that gave little shelter from the freezing wind.
In the beginning, planting trees on the very cold highland was an impossible task due to the heavy winds. Over 90 percent of the young seedlings planted in the first two years died and the forest farm was nearly shut down. After trying different ways of planting trees, the survival rate of the newly planted young trees topped 90 percent in 1964.
Planting trees is not enough. Carefully protecting the woods and managing well the whole forest farm is even harder. That is what later generations will do.
During fire prevention periods in spring and autumn, they check the vast expanse of forest every 15 minutes during the day, and once an hour at night.
Now as third-generation tree planters in Saihanba, they need to solve even more difficult problems in the never-ending effort of planting more trees. Since there is much less flat land left for planting trees, they have to work on the rocky mountain slopes(斜坡) where the topsoil is only 10 centimeters thick. But before giving the young trees a home, they need to dig holes about 40 centimeters deep.
Three generations hard work has turned Saihanba from a nascent(新生的) stand of trees into a million acres of forest, from a desert into an oasis.
1.How does the author show the difficulty of planting trees in Saihanba
A.By telling stories.　　　B.By showing causes.　　　C.By listing numbers.　　　D.By giving examples.
2.What can we learn about the Saihanba Forest Farm according to the passage
A.It was changed by 369 engineers.
B.It used to be a 747-square-kilometer farm.
C.It provided good living conditions for people there.
D.It was turned into the world s largest man-made forest.
3.What is the passage mainly about
A.How people created a green miracle.　　　　B.Why it was hard to manage the forest well.
C.What people did to deal with climate change.　　　　D.What measures were taken to protect the capital.
Ⅱ.七選五
Saving the environment might seem like a difficult thing. But living an environmentally friendly life is quite easy. With just a few small lifestyle changes, you can protect the planet and also live a healthier life for yourself!　1　
Cut back on driving.
Find other forms of transportation that consume less or no petrol. 　2　 They won t cause any pollution or consume natural resources. If that isn t a choice, consider sharing rides with others or using public transportation. Replacing car trips with public transport reduces traffic jams and the overall amount of petrol consumption, cutting back your carbon footprint.
Volunteer to clean up your community.
Volunteer work has a directly positive impact on the environment in your area. You can volunteer to pick up litter, plant community gardens or clean up rivers. Find an activity that suits your interests and set aside time to help regularly. 　3　 If you prefer to be part of a group, volunteer with friends, your class or anyone else.
Upcycle items.
　4　 Instead of throwing things away, give them another purpose by making jewelry, household accessories or restyled clothing. Upcycling is fun and good for the earth. For example, you could turn an old T-shirt into a grocery bag or use cinder blocks(煤渣磚) to make outdoor planters. Experiment and look for new ways to adapt used objects.
　5　
Some chemicals have harmful long-term effects on the environment. Choose chemical-free products, plus all-natural household cleaners, beauty products and hygiene products. The fewer chemicals you use, the healthier the environment will be. Plus, natural and chemical-free products are also good for you!
A.Keep recycled items properly.
B.Use fewer chemicals in your daily life.
C.Walk or ride a bike whenever possible.
D.Here are some tips that may be of great help.
E.Consider investing in an electric or hybrid(混合動力) vehicle.
F.You can join an environmental organization that attracts you, too.
G.Creatively repurpose unwanted items to put less trash into the world.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　On an island in Indonesia, one librarian has started a mobile library, lending books to children in exchange for trash. This is a new way to 　1　 the environment and get the kids to read more.
The 　2　 of the “Trash Library” is Raden Roro Hendarti. Every weekday, Raden 　3　 her tricycle with books and rides to the village of Muntang. She 　4　 books for plastic cups, bulbs, bags, and other waste from the children living there. 　5　 she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, 　6　 her “Trash Library” and cry for the books. They are all carrying trash bags and Raden s three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books 　7　 out. She s 　8　 the kids are going to spend more time reading instead of 　9　 on online games as a result.
Raden collects about 100 kilograms of 　10　 each week, which is then sorted out by her staff and sent for 　11　 or selling. Raden weighs the collected trash daily to 　12　 how much has been accumulated (積累) over the months. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile 　13　 to neighboring areas as well. The idea behind the small mobile library is well 　14　 by the children. Kevin is an 11-year-old reader in the village. “When there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it s not 　15　. That s why I look for trash to borrow books,” he says.
1.A.build up　　　B.mess up
C.break up　　　D.clean up
2.A.boss　　　B.founder
C.manager　　　D.professor
3.A.decorates　　　B.makes
C.fills　　　D.explores
4.A.orders　　　B.exchanges
C.writes　　　D.takes
5.A.As soon as　　　B.Before
C.Ever since　　　D.Although
6.A.surround　　　B.challenge
C.face　　　D.control
7.A.sell　　　B.run　　　
C.stand　　　D.fly
8.A.annoyed　　　B.happy
C.concerned　　　D.confident
9.A.depending　　　B.feeding
C.concentrating　　　D.deciding
10.A.books　　　B.waste　　　
C.magazines　　　D.cash
11.A.recycling　　　B.designing
C.organizing　　　D.improving
12.A.recall　　　B.remember　　　
C.record　　　D.reuse
13.A.service　　　B.attraction
C.adventure　　　D.solution
14.A.believed　　　B.refused
C.built　　　D.received
15.A.quiet　　　B.simple
C.healthy　　　D.strange
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 6　Earth first
Part 2　Using language
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.reserves　2.adopted　3.affects　4.restored
Ⅱ.1.severely　考查副詞。句意:洪災中沒有人死亡,但村民中有三人嚴重受傷。修飾形容詞hurt要用副詞。故填severely。
2.permission　考查名詞。句意:未經老師的允許,任何人不得進入實驗室。名詞所有格之后要用名詞形式,“without sb. s permission”意為“未經某人的允許”。
3.establishment　考查名詞。句意:國家公園的建立在環境保護方面起著積極的作用。根據空前的定冠詞The和空后的介詞of可知設空處應用名詞,表示“建立”,故填establishment。
4.by　考查介詞。句意:去年,機器人的使用使公司的開支減少了11%。reduce sth. by...意為“使某物減少了……”。故填by。
5.with　考查介詞。句意:一個告密者向警方提供了那些參與這次犯罪活動的人的名字。supply sb. with sth.為固定搭配,意為“向某人提供某物”。故填with。
6.in　考查固定短語。句意:周圍是太平洋,因此鮮魚從未供應不足過。in short supply是固定短語,意為“供應不足”,符合句意。故填in。
7.is devoted; devotion　考查時態、語態、主謂一致和名詞。句意:這位科學家致力于研究太空,他的奉獻精神值得學習。be devoted to...為固定搭配,意為“致力于……”,且表示一般情況,主語為第三人稱單數形式,故第一空填is devoted;第二空在介詞of后,要用名詞作賓語,表示“奉獻”,故第二空填devotion。
8.to experience　考查不定式。句意:社交媒體可以讓用戶更快地了解新聞事件。permit sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,意為“使某人做某事成為可能;允許某人做某事”。故填to experience。
9.was damaged　考查時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:在昨天的事故中,我的小汽車損壞到如此程度,以至于它無法維修了。根據時間狀語yesterday可知應用一般過去時,且My car和動詞damage之間為被動關系,主語是單數形式,故填was damaged。
Ⅲ.題型(一)
1.running　考查現在分詞作賓補。句意:當我看到尤塞恩·博爾特在2012年倫敦奧運會上跑步時,我驚呆了。由句意可知,此處表示“看見某人正在做某事”,應用現在分詞作賓補,構成“see sb. doing sth.”結構。故填running。
2.following　考查現在分詞作賓補。句意:這對老夫妻經常在晚飯后到去年修建的公園散步,他們的寵物狗跟著他們。此處使用的是“with+賓語+賓補”結構作伴隨狀語,賓語their pet dog和動詞follow之間為主動關系,應用現在分詞作賓補。故填following。
3.burning　考查現在分詞作賓補。句意:不要讓燈整天亮著,這是一個你必須改掉的壞習慣。此處使用的是“have+賓語+賓補”結構,且賓語the light和動詞burn之間為主動關系,應用現在分詞作賓補,表示“讓……一直做……”。故填burning。
4.heard　考查過去分詞作賓補。句意:這個害羞的女孩提高了她的嗓音,以使自己被別人聽見。此處使用的是“make+賓語+賓補”結構,且賓語herself和動詞hear之間為被動關系,應用過去分詞作賓補。故填heard。
5.checked　考查過去分詞作賓補。句意:在登上班機之前,你的行李要接受檢查。此處使用的是“get+賓語+賓補”結構,且賓語your luggage和動詞check之間為被動關系,應用過去分詞作賓補。故填checked。
題型(二)
1.found white clouds flowing　2.Seeing me caught
3.with the mother and the girl seated
能力提升練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在幾代人的努力下塞罕壩由荒地變成了世界上最大的人工林的故事。
1.C　推理判斷題。通過題干中的關鍵詞“the difficulty of planting trees”定位到第六段和第九段。由第六段第二、三句可知,前兩年種植的樹苗中90%以上都死了,林場幾乎關閉,嘗試了不同的植樹方法后,新種植的樹苗的成活率超出了90%;根據第九段后兩句可知他們得在斜坡上種樹,斜坡的表層土壤只有十厘米厚,在種樹之前他們還得挖一個四十厘米深的洞。由此可知作者是通過列舉數字來表明在塞罕壩植樹的困難的。故選C。
2.D　細節理解題。由第二段中的關鍵信息“The Saihanba Forest Farm is the world s largest man-made forest”可知塞罕壩林場是世界上最大的人工林;結合第三段“今天,俯瞰綠海,很難想象半個世紀前,這里還是荒地”可知,塞罕壩林場由荒地變成了世界上最大的人造森林。故選D。
3.A　主旨大意題。文章主要內容如下圖所示:
段落 主要內容 主旨
Paras. 1-2 塞罕壩是一個世代相傳的綠色奇跡,是世界上最大的人工林。 三代人通過努力使塞罕壩由荒漠變成了綠洲。
Paras. 3-9 Para. 3:半個世紀前,這里的綠洲是荒地。
Paras. 4-6:前輩們克服困難,植樹造林。
Paras. 7-9:后輩們艱辛護林,繼續植樹造林。
Para. 10 三代人的努力使荒漠變成了綠洲。
由此可知,A項(人們是如何創造綠色奇跡的)可概括全文。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.miracle n.奇跡adj.不可思議的　
2.formally adv.正式地　3.shelter n.住處;遮蔽;庇護;遮蔽物;避難所v.掩蔽,保護;躲避
【差距詞匯】　1.desertification n.沙漠化　2.habitable adj.宜居的　3.destructive adj.破壞的;毀滅的　4.oasis n.綠洲,樂土
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。拯救環境似乎是一件困難的事情,但只要稍微改變一下生活方式,你就可以在保護地球的同時,過上更健康的生活。本文對具體的做法提出了幾個建議。
1.D　過渡句。設空處上文提到,只要稍微改變一下生活方式,你就可以在保護地球的同時,過上更健康的生活。根據下文的幾個小標題可知下文給出了幾條改變生活方式的建議。結合選項可知,D項“以下是一些可能有很大幫助的建議”符合語境,承上啟下。故選D。
2.C　細節句。上文提到要選擇消耗更少或不消耗汽油的交通方式,下文提到它們不會造成任何污染,也不會消耗自然資源。結合選項可知C項(盡可能步行或騎自行車)與上下文表達的含義一致,屬于不造成污染、不消耗自然資源的交通方式,故選C。
3.F　細節句。根據本段的小標題可知本段的建議是自愿幫助清理社區,設空處上下文說的都是志愿服務的方式,結合選項可知F項(你也可以加入一個吸引你的環保組織)也是一種志愿服務的方式,與本段內容一致,符合語境,故選F。
4.G　細節句。根據下文“Instead of throwing things away, give them another purpose...restyled clothing.”可知,不需要的東西不要扔掉,給它們找一些新的用途。結合本段的小標題“Upcycle items.”可知本段的建議是回收再利用廢舊物品,結合選項可知G項(創造性地改變不需要的物品的用途,減少進入世界的垃圾)符合本段話題,下文是對G項的進一步解釋說明,上下文邏輯連貫。故選G。
5.B　主旨句。根據下文中的“Some chemicals have harmful long-term effects on the environment. Choose chemical-free products...the healthier the environment will be.”可知,本段說的是化學物質對環境有害,要減少使用化學物質。B項(在你的日常生活中少用化學品)與本段表達的含義一致,符合本段主旨,故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.environmentally friendly/environment-friendly adj.環保的;不損害環境的　2.cut back (on) 減少,削減　3.consume v.消耗;消費　4.replace vt.取代;替換;把……放回原處　5.volunteer v.自愿做 n.志愿者
6.have an impact on 對……有影響　7.set aside留出　8.turn...into... 把……變成……
【熟詞生義】　experiment v.嘗試
【差距詞匯】　1.accessory n.附件;配件　2.restyle v.使改變款式;重塑　3.hygiene n.衛生　4.repurpose v.(為適合新用途)對……稍加修改,略微改動　5.unwanted adj.不需要的;多余的;不受歡迎的;無用的
長難句
原句　Replacing car trips with public transport reduces traffic jams and the overall amount of petrol consumption, cutting back your carbon footprint.
分析　本句是簡單句。“Replacing car trips with public transport”是動名詞短語作主語,“cutting back your carbon footprint”是現在分詞短語作結果狀語。
譯文　用公共交通取代汽車出行可以減少交通堵塞和汽油消耗總量,減少你的碳足跡。
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了印度尼西亞的一名圖書館館長借書給孩子們,以換取他們收集的垃圾,這是一種新穎的方式,既能清潔環境,又能讓孩子們多讀書。
1.D　根據上文“lending books to children in exchange for trash”可知,孩子們收集垃圾來換書,這樣可以清潔(clean up)環境。故選D。build up建立,增強;mess up弄亂;break up分手,破裂。
2.B　根據第一段中的“one librarian has started a mobile library, lending...for trash”可知,Raden Roro Hendarti是“垃圾圖書館”的創始人(founder)。故選B。
3.C　根據本段對“垃圾圖書館”的活動的介紹“Every weekday, Raden 　3　 her tricycle with books and rides to the village of Muntang. She...and Raden s three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books 　7　 out.”可知本段是說孩子們用垃圾換Raden帶來的書,Raden帶著一車書去村里,換回了一車垃圾。故此處指Raden把她的三輪車裝滿(fills)書。故選C。decorate裝飾;explore探索。
4.B　句意:她用書從生活在那里的孩子們那里換取塑料杯、電燈泡、袋子和其他垃圾。根據第一段中的“lending books to children in exchange for trash”可知,她用書換取(exchanges)孩子們收集的垃圾。故選B。order命令,訂購。
5.A　結合語境及句中的“cry for the books”可知,此處指她一出現孩子們就來急切地換書,用As soon as(一……就……)引導時間狀語從句。故選A。
6.A　根據空后“and cry for the books”可知,孩子們應是圍著(surround)三輪車想要書。故選A。challenge挑戰;face面對;control控制。
7.D　根據“They are all carrying trash bags...quickly fills up with them”可知,孩子們都帶著垃圾來換書,三輪車很快就裝滿了垃圾,說明書都被孩子們換走了,fly out(飛出)形象地描述書到孩子們手里的場景。故選D。sell out賣光,售罄;run out用光,用盡;stand out突出,顯眼。
8.B　根據空后“the kids are going to spend more time reading”可知,孩子們能花更多時間讀書,Raden應是感到高興(happy)。故選B。annoyed惱怒的。
9.C　此處和“spend more time reading”形成對比,指孩子們花更多時間讀書,而不是把注意力集中在網絡游戲上。depend on依靠;feed on以……為食;concentrate on集中注意力于;decide on決定。故選C。
10.B　根據第一段中的“lending books to children in exchange for trash”及第二段中的“for plastic cups...other waste from the children”可知,Raden用書換取孩子們收集的垃圾,因此此處指Raden每周收集大約一百千克的垃圾(waste)。故選B。magazine雜志;cash現金。
11.A　根據空前“which is then sorted out by her staff”以及空后“or selling”可知,此處指員工將收集來的垃圾進行分類,用于回收利用(recycling)或售賣。故選A。design設計;organize組織;improve改善。
12.C　根據“Raden weighs the collected trash”可知,Raden每天都給收集到的垃圾稱重,然后記錄下來。recall 回憶;remember記住,記得;record記錄;reuse再利用。故選C。
13.A　結合上文“She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend”和下文“The idea behind the small mobile library is well 　14　 by the children.”以及文章對Raden和“垃圾圖書館”的故事的介紹可知,此處指Raden想把她的移動借書服務拓展到臨近的社區。service服務;attraction吸引力,吸引;adventure冒險;solution解決辦法。故選A。
14.D　結合下文Kevin說的話“When there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it s not 　15　. That s why I look for trash to borrow books (……那就是我尋找垃圾去借書的原因)”可推斷,這個想法受到孩子們的歡迎。believe相信;refuse拒絕;build建造;receive對……作出反應。well received表示“得到好的反響,受到歡迎”。故選D。
15.C　根據“our environment will become dirty”可知,環境變得臟亂是不健康的(healthy)。故選C。quiet安靜的;simple簡單的;strange陌生的。
【高頻詞匯】　1.in exchange for 交換;調換　2.show up 露面,出現　3.accompany vt.陪伴;伴隨,與……同時發生　4.fill up with充滿　5.as a result 結果;因此　6.sort out 整理;分類
【差距詞匯】　tricycle n.三輪車
長難句
原句　Raden collects about 100 kilograms of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her staff and sent for recycling or selling.
分析　本句是主從復合句。“which is then sorted out...selling”是which引導的非限制性定語從句,其中,is sorted out與sent為and連接的并列成分,sent前省略了is。
譯文　Raden每周收集大約一百千克的垃圾,然后由她的員工進行分類,送去回收或出售。
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