資源簡介

Unit 6　Earth first
Part 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.To many people, technology means computers, hand-held 　　　　 (設備), or vehicles that travel to distant planets.
2.We have fixed the door, windows and roof where the rain 　　　　 (滲漏) in.
3.The a　　　　 annual income in our area is about 50,000 yuan per person.
Ⅱ.一詞多義
1.Newly released measures caused different public responses.
詞性:　　　　　詞義:　　　　
2.The new software is planned for release in April and it will be available to everyone by then.
詞性:　　　　　詞義:　　　　
3.That way, we can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released.
詞性:　　　　　詞義:　　　　
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1.In the general population, right-handed people are 　　　　　 the majority.
2.One of my previous classmates mistook my sister 　　　　　 me yesterday, because we are twins and look very similar.
3.All the staff in the company are 　　　　　 with the meetings 　　　　　 their interests. (concern)
4.The government started a mass of campaigns to save electricity and urged people 　　　　　 (do) their part.
5.He 　　　　　 much money to remote schools and made great 　　　　　 to the development of education there. (contribute)
6.Our city has developed into a big one, which is four times 　　　　　 (large) than it used to be.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.學校和父母之間更密切的合作有助于學生在學校表現得更好。(contribute)
Closer cooperation between the school and parents can 　　　　 　　　　 students better school performance.
2.得知你很快要來北京后,我的父母已經為你留好一個房間了。(reserve)
Knowing that you will come to Beijing soon, my parents have already　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
3.我希望老師能考慮到我恰好在考試前生病了這一事實。
I hope my teacher will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 that I was ill just before the exams.
4.在我看來,學生應該更多地進行聽說(練習),以便提高他們的溝通技能。(concerned)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills.
5.如圖表所示,大部分的學生向朋友或同班同學求助,占比65%。(majority, account)
As is seen from the chart, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 students turn to friends or classmates for help, 　　　　 　　　　 65%.
6.Asia is about four times lager than Europe. (句型轉換)
→Asia is about four times 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 Europe.
→Asia is about four times 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 Europe.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
Here 　1　(be) some common “green truths” that have been shown to be only half true, or even 　2　(complete) false.
First, paper bags are better than plastic ones. As a matter of fact, both sorts of bags are bad 　3　 the environment. Plastic bags are a danger to wild animals, 　4　 mistake them for food. Besides, it takes hundreds of years for plastic 　5　(break) down. However, making a paper bag uses four 　6　(time) as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
Second, when you turn off a device, it stops using power. Electricity actually continues to leak from the device, even when it 　7　(turn) off.
Third, eating local food is good for the environment. In fact, 　8　 is the production of food that uses most of the energy. In some cases, local produce might have used 　9　(much) energy than produce grown a long way away, even taking its transport into account.
Fourth, it s better to take a shower than a bath. In fact, an eight-minute shower uses as much water as a bath.
Nowadays, environmental 　10　(aware) is part of daily life. But it s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what s really green.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife encounter surveys in Xizang s counties,　1　 (locate) in Xizang s remote Qiangtang area. These surveys showed a previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard encounters. Next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted 　2　 the Xizang Forestry and Grassland Bureau staff, 　3　 (result) in an additional new encounter and sighting location records. The new location information, together with records provided by other observers, 　4　 (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution(分布) map.
This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard s distribution in this region, 　5　 remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard s key distribution areas. New knowledge on the snow leopard in the Qiangtang area will help identify human-snow leopard encounter hot 　6　 (spot) and affect design of human-snow leopard encounter relief and strategies for conserving the northwest of Xizang.
Nevertheless, much field work will also be required 　7　 (describe) snow leopard distribution in the Qiangtang area.
Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure(基礎設施) projects 　8　 (make) the Qiangtang area more accessible. This has led to a 　9　 (great) increased number of tourists visiting western Xizang, Mt. Kailash and Lake Manasarovar in particular. All these developments have large potential for causing disturbance to snow leopards 　10　 their prey species, including affecting their movements and damaging their habitat.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
Several days of unusually warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year,” scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone—6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. To put it another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water.
For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰蓋), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxious,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. “Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted.”
In 2020, scientists found that Greenland s ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. “No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts,” said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so that they could ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land,” Grinsted said. “So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer.” Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world.
Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heatwave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this high was clearly connected to global warming.
1.How does the author support the topic of Paragraph 1
A.By exploring reasons.　　　B.By making comparisons.
C.By designing the numbers.　　　D.By doing some experiments.
2.What did Kutalmis mean in Paragraph 2
A.He disliked wearing a T-shirt.　　　B.He was concerned about the warmth.
C.He was deeply impressed by the ice.　　　D.He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view.
3.What does the underlined word “destabilizing” mean in Paragraph 4
A.Quitting.　　　B.Removing.　　　C.Sheltering.　　　D.Damaging.
4.What will the author probably do in the following paragraph
A.Recommend visiting Greenland.　　　
B.Describe how to ship out the ice core.
C.Call on people to protect the environment.　　　
D.Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice.
Ⅳ.七選五
Going to the zoo is an all-time favorite activity for children and families. 　1　 In order to make a decision, we must consider the arguments for and against keeping wild animals in zoos.
One benefit of zoos is that they are useful for educating people about animals. We can observe animals at close range and learn more about them than we can from books and the TV. They also provide an opportunity to promote the conservation of endangered species. 　2　 This helps them to come up with better ways of protecting animals from harm in their natural habitat.
On the other hand, keeping animals in zoos is similar to a prison sentence. Many zoos do not have large enough enclosures to keep animals comfortable. The animals have limited freedom to move about. We often see even the fierce lions lying passively in their enclosures just waiting for their next meal to be served. They suffer from stress and boredom. 　3　
Another thing we need to consider is the cost of maintaining a zoo. A lot of funds are needed to run a zoo. Money is needed to stock the zoo with all kinds of animals. 　4　 The animals need food and medical care. Special spaces need to be built to house each type of animals. Extra staff are needed to clean and maintain the zoo grounds.
　5　 If you want to see animals, I advise you to go on safari. For conservation and research, set up sanctuaries like the Sepilok Orangutan Sanctuary in Sabah. It is kinder to leave the animals in their natural home—the wild.
A.This in turn causes animals to live shorter lives.
B.We have also heard about animals being mistreated.
C.However, some people argue against keeping wild animals in zoos.
D.They have to carry out research on the survival rate of this species.
E.Staff must be hired and trained to take care of each species of animals.
F.In addition, zoos allow scientists to study animal behavior more easily.
G.In conclusion, it is cruel and selfish to keep animals in an unnatural prison.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 6　Earth first
Part 3　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.devices　2.leaked　3.average
Ⅱ.1.動詞;公布,發布　句意:新公布的措施引起了不同的公眾反應。
2.名詞;發布,發行　句意:這款新軟件計劃于四月份發行,到時所有人都可以使用。
3.動詞;排放　句意:那樣,我們就可以減少二氧化碳的排放量。
Ⅲ.1.in　考查介詞。句意:在一般人群中,慣用右手的人占大多數。in a/the majority是固定短語,意為“占大多數”。故填in。
2.for　考查介詞。句意:昨天,我以前的一位同班同學把我姐姐錯當成我了,因為我們是雙胞胎,而且看起來很像。由句意可知此處使用了固定搭配“mistake...for...”,意為“把……錯當成……”。故填for。
3.concerned; concerning　考查形容詞和介詞。句意:公司里的所有員工都很關心有關他們利益的會議。由句意可知,第一空使用的是固定搭配“be concerned with”,意為“關心/關注……”,故填形容詞concerned;第二空作后置定語,表示“有關,涉及”,應用介詞concerning。
4.to do　考查動詞不定式。句意:政府發起了許多節約用電的活動,并敦促人們履行職責。urge sb. to do sth.為固定搭配,意為“力勸/敦促某人做某事”。故填to do。
5.contributed; contributions　考查時態和名詞。句意:他向偏遠學校捐了很多錢,為那兒的教育發展做出了很大的貢獻。由句意和后面的made可知,第一空用一般過去時。第二空前為形容詞,空處應用名詞作made的賓語,且contribute的名詞形式contribution意為“貢獻”時為可數名詞,空前無冠詞等限定詞,應用其復數形式。make contributions to...意為“為……做出貢獻”。
6.larger　考查形容詞比較級。句意:我們的城市已經發展成了一個大城市,是過去的四倍大。分析句子結構可知句中含有“倍數+比較級+than”結構,應用形容詞large的比較級形式。故填larger。
Ⅳ.1.contribute to　2.reserved a room for you　3.take into account the fact　4.As far as I am concerned　5.the majority of; accounting for　6.as large as; the size of
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.are　考查時態和主謂一致。句意:有一些常見的“環保真理”被證明只有一半正確,或者甚至是完全錯誤的。此處表示客觀事實,應用一般現在時;主句主語truths為復數,故本空應用are。
2.completely　考查副詞。設空處修飾形容詞false,應用副詞作狀語。completely意為“完全地”。
3.for　考查介詞。句意:事實上,兩種袋子都對環境有害。be bad for...為固定搭配,意為“對……有害”,故填for。
4.which　考查非限制性定語從句。句意:塑料袋對把它們錯當成食物的野生動物來說是一種威脅。設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為wild animals,指物,關系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語,故應用關系代詞which。
5.to break　考查動詞不定式。句意:此外,塑料分解需要幾百年的時間。“It takes+時間+to do sth.”為固定句型,意為“做某事花費多長時間”,其中It為形式主語,不定式作真正的主語。故用動詞不定式。
6.times　考查名詞復數。句意:然而,生產一個紙袋的耗能為生產一個塑料袋的四倍,耗水量多達三倍。由句意和句子結構可知,此處使用了表示倍數的句式“A+謂語動詞+倍數+as much+不可數名詞+as+B”,則“four 　6　”在此處表示“四倍”;time意為“倍”時為可數名詞,設空處前有基數詞four修飾,故應用time的復數形式。
7.is turned　考查時態、語態及主謂一致。本句闡述的是一般事實,應用一般現在時,且it和turn off之間為被動關系,故本空應用一般現在時的被動語態。從句主語是it,謂語應用第三人稱單數形式,故填is turned。
8.it　考查強調句型。句意:事實上,消耗大部分能源的是食品生產。由句意和句子結構可知,本句去掉“　8　 is”和“that”后句子仍成立且意思不變,由此可知本句使用了強調句型“it is+被強調部分+that+其他”,強調主語“the production of food”,故填it。
9.more　考查比較級。句意:在某些情況下,即使把運輸考慮進去,當地的農產品消耗的能源也可能比種植在很遠的地方的農產品還要多。根據空后的than可知本空應用比較級形式。
10.awareness　考查名詞。根據空前的形容詞environmental可知設空處應用名詞,在句中作主語;由語境可知設空處表示“意識”,應用名詞awareness。environmental awareness環保意識。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。 文章介紹了對西藏自治區偏遠的羌塘地區的幾個縣進行了人類與雪豹相遇情況的調查。
1.located　考查過去分詞。設空處在句中作后置定語修飾前面的名詞counties,locate與其所修飾的詞之間為邏輯上的被動關系,應使用過去分詞形式。“be located in”表示“位于”。故填located。
2.with　考查介詞。句意:接下來,對西藏林業和草原局的工作人員進行了關于雪豹的電話采訪,結果了解到一次額外的新的相遇和目擊地點記錄。conduct an interview with sb.意為“對某人進行采訪”,此處使用的是其被動形式。故填with。
3.resulting　考查現在分詞。句意同上。設空處在句中作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果,應使用現在分詞形式。故填resulting。
4.was collected　考查時態、語態及主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語,主語是The new location information。此處表示“信息被收集”,主語與collect之間為被動關系,應使用被動語態;根據上下文可知,全文介紹的都是幾年前的一個調研的情況,應使用一般過去時;主語為不可數名詞短語,助動詞be應使用第三人稱單數形式。故填was collected。
5.which　考查定語從句。該空需要一個關系詞引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為this region,關系詞在定語從句中作主語,故填which。
6.spots　考查名詞的數。spot是可數名詞,其前沒有限定詞,應用其復數形式。故填spots。
7.to describe　考查動詞不定式。be required to do sth.意為“被要求做某事”,故填to describe。
8.have made　考查時態及主謂一致。設空處在句中作謂語,根據時間狀語in the past few years可知,應使用現在完成時;主語“a number of...projects”為復數形式,助動詞have使用復數形式。故填have made。
9.greatly　考查副詞。該空需要一個副詞修飾作定語的過去分詞increased。故填greatly。
10.and　考查連詞。句意:所有這些發展情況都極有可能對雪豹及其獵物物種造成干擾,包括影響它們的活動和破壞它們的棲息地。snow leopards和their prey species是并列關系,應用并列連詞and連接。故填and。
【高頻詞匯】　1.result in 導致　2.additional adj.附加的;額外的　3.expand v.拓展　4.strategy n.策略;戰略
5.accessible adj.可接近的;可進入的;可使用的　6.in particular 特別;尤其　7.potential n.可能性;潛力,潛能 adj.可能的;潛在的　8.species n.(單復數形式相同)物種　9.habitat n.棲息地;生活環境
【差距詞匯】　1.disturbance n.干擾,妨礙　2.prey n.獵物 vi.困擾;捕食
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了格陵蘭島北部連續幾天異常溫暖的天氣導致冰川快速融化,這種溫暖令人擔憂。
1.B　推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第二句中的“Temperatures have been running around 15.5℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year”可知作者通過比較氣溫來支持第一段的主題。故選B。
2.B　細節理解題。根據文章第二段前兩句“For the scientists out on the ice sheet, the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxious, said Kutalmis Saylam...Greenland.”可知,第二段中Kutalmis的意思是他很擔心變暖這件事。故選B。
3.D　詞義猜測題。根據第四段畫線詞下文的“The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land”可知,飛機無法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site.”,由此可推測這種溫暖影響了著陸地點,D項(破壞)符合語境。故選D。
4.C　推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了格陵蘭島北部連續幾天異常溫暖的天氣導致冰川快速融化,文章最后一段講到Grinsted將這種異常的高溫稱為熱浪,并指出溫度升高顯然與全球變暖有關。由此可推測作者在下一段中可能會呼吁人們保護環境,故選C。
【高頻詞匯】　1.cover v.遮蓋;包括;占……(面積);行走;足夠支付;報道 n.封面;遮蓋物　2.alarming adj.令人恐慌的　3.anxious adj.焦慮的;渴望的　4.hang about閑逛　5.abnormal adj.不正常的
長難句
原句　Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so that they could ship out the ice cores they had collected.
分析　本句是主從復合句。Aslak Grinsted后的“a climate scientist”是其同位語,說明其身份。said后是that引導的賓語從句;在這個賓語從句中,“so that they could ship out the ice cores they had collected”是so that引導的目的狀語從句,其中“they had collected”是省略關系詞的定語從句,修飾先行詞the ice cores。
譯文　Aslak Grinsted是一位氣候科學家,他說他們正設法使航班進入營地,以便能把他們搜集來的冰芯運出去。
Ⅳ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了動物被養在動物園里的優點和缺點,最后作者表明自己的態度:動物還是在野外比較好。
1.C　過渡句。空前提到去動物園是兒童和家庭最喜歡的活動;空后提到為了做出決定,我們必須考慮支持和反對在動物園里飼養野生動物的論據。由此推斷空處是與該決定有關的內容,空前是支持在動物園里飼養野生動物的一方,則空處應是反對在動物園里飼養野生動物的一方。結合選項可知,C項(然而有些人反對把野生動物養在動物園)符合此處語境,通過轉折引出反對者。故選C。
2.F　細節句。空前提出了兩點動物在動物園里的好處,結合空后句“This helps them to come up with better ways of protecting animals from harm in their natural habitat.”可推斷空處也是在闡述動物被養在動物園里的好處。F項(此外,動物園讓科學家更方便地研究動物的行為)屬于動物園的好處,F項中的“In addition(另外)”是提出論點時常用的關聯詞,而scientists對應空后的them,故選F。
3.A　細節句。根據本段首句“On the other hand, keeping animals in zoos is similar to a prison sentence.”及其后邊內容可知,本段講動物被養在動物園里的壞處,指出動物園像“監獄”,動物園中的動物忍受著壓力和無聊。A項(這反過來導致動物壽命更短)承接上文,屬于動物園的壞處,符合語境,故選A。
4.E　細節句。根據本段首句“Another thing we need to consider is the cost of maintaining a zoo.”可知,本段說的是經營動物園的成本,后邊是經營動物園具體的開銷。本段具體指出需要的成本包括哪些,并且最后一句“Extra staff are needed to clean and maintain the zoo grounds.”中的“Extra staff”提示前面已經提到過staff,結合選項可知E項(需要雇用并訓練員工去照顧每一個物種的動物)符合本段內容,屬于成本中的一項,且與staff相關。故選E。
5.G　主旨句。空格位于文章最后一段第一句,是對全文進行總結,而根據后文可知,作者是不支持動物被養在動物園里的,因此G項(總之,把動物關在非自然的監獄里既殘忍又自私)符合語境。故選G。
【高頻詞匯】　1.benefit n.好處;利益 v.有益于;得益　2.range n.視覺(或聽覺)范圍;山脈;一系列 v.排列;變化　3.promote vt.促進;晉升;促銷　4.on the other hand 另一方面　5.set up 建立;創立
【熟詞生義】　1.sentence n.宣判,判決　2.run v.使運轉;經營
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