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Unit 6　Earth first
五年高考練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
(2023新課標Ⅰ,B)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(細菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A.He was fond of traveling.　　　B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.　　　D.He longed to be a doctor.
2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals.　　　B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.　　　D.To test the eco-machine.
3.What is the author s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John s research plans.　　　B.To show an application of John s idea.
C.To compare John s different jobs.　　　D.To erase doubts about John s invention.
4.What is the basis for John s work
A.Nature can repair itself.　　　B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.　　　D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
高考詞匯站
派生/合成詞匯
1.relation n.關系;聯系;親戚→　　　　 n.關系;聯系;親屬關系
2.inquire v.詢問→　　　　 adj.愛探索的;好奇的;好問的　3.eraser n.橡皮→　　　　 v.消除
4.fiberglass n.　　　
熟詞生義
5.trap v.　　　　　6.figure v.　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
(2022新高考Ⅰ)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP).　1　(cover) an area about three times 　2　 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 　3　(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 　4　(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP　5　(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity(原真性) and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 　6　 leaving behind precious natural assets (資產) for future generations”. The GPNP s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 　7　 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 　8　 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve　9　 an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　10　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
高考詞匯站
派生/合成詞匯
1.effect n.效應;結果;影響;效果→　　　　 n.有效性;效力
2.consist v.符合;由……組成/構成;在于→　　　　 n.不一致;不協調
3.biology n.生物;生物學→　　　　 adj.生物的;生物學的
4.generate v.產生;發生→　　　　 n.產生;生物繁殖;代
5.connect v.聯系;連接→　　　　 n.連接性　　6.southwestern adj.　　　　
熟詞生義
7.pilot adj.　　　　　　8.host n.　　　　
答案與分層梯度式解析
Unit 6　Earth first
五年高考練
Ⅰ.◎語篇解讀　這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了約翰·托德從小就很愛思考且好學,他建造了一個生態機器,利用自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。
1.C　推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“explore”“started to wonder”和第二段中的“studying”“went back to observing”“asking questions”可以推斷出,約翰自孩童時代就喜歡探究和質疑。故選C。inquiring意為“愛探索的,好奇的”。
2.D　推理判斷題。本題問的是約翰把污泥放進水箱的目的。根據第二段最后一句可知,約翰決定建造一個生態箱(eco-machine)。第三段主要講述了約翰的實驗過程(把污泥放進水箱里并觀察)。第四段描述實驗結果(這個生態箱里的動植物把污泥當成食物吃了)。由此可推斷出,約翰把污泥放進水箱的目的是測試他研制的生態箱。故選D。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞Fuzhou可定位到第五段。根據“John has taken on many big jobs”可知,約翰已經承擔了很多大型工作。緊接著通過他的發明應用于南伯靈頓和福州的例子來說明他的想法在實踐中的應用(application)。故選B。
4.A　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”可知約翰的研究依據是自然可以進行自我修復。故選A。
【高考詞匯站】　1.relationship　2.inquiring　3.erase　4.玻璃纖維　5.吸收;收集　6.認為
長難句1
原句　When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
分析　本句是主從復合句?！癢hen he got older”是When引導的時間狀語從句。“if this process...were making”是if引導的賓語從句,作wonder的賓語;其中“people were making”是省略that/which的定語從句,修飾messes。
譯文　隨著年齡的增長,約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們帶來的污染。
長難句2
原句　With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.
分析　the way nature did是方式狀語從句,意為“以……方式”,相當于in the way that nature did。
譯文　他認為,如果讓動植物和諧共生,或許他就能以大自然的方式清理廢物。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文為說明文。文章介紹了中國將在2023年建立大熊貓國家公園,同時介紹了該公園的規模以及建造目的、意義和指導原則。
1.Covering　考查現在分詞。分析句子結構可知,句中謂語動詞是will be,且句中無連詞,設空處應用非謂語動詞。句子主語the GPNP與動詞cover之間是邏輯上的主動關系,設空處應用現在分詞在句中作狀語,故填Covering。句意:大熊貓國家公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍,將是我國首批國家公園之一。
2.the　考查冠詞。句意同上。由句意可知,此處是比較占地面積,因此用表倍數的固定結構“倍數+the+度量名詞(size/length/height等)+of...”,此處就構成了“three times the size of...”,故填the。
3.were　考查時態和主謂一致。句意:該計劃將把保護范圍擴大到許多以前未受保護的地區,將許多現有的大熊貓保護區歸為一個部門管轄,以提高效率并減少管理上的不協調。“that 　3　(be) previously unprotected”為that引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞areas,that代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語,設空處在從句中作謂語,該謂語動詞的數應與先行詞的數保持一致,應用復數形式。根據從句中的previously可知,從句要用一般過去時,故填were。
4.to increase　考查動詞不定式。句意同上。根據句意并分析句子結構可知,設空處作目的狀語,應用不定式。故填to increase。
5.is designed　考查時態、語態及主謂一致。句意:大熊貓國家公園的設立體現了“保持自然生態系統的真實性和完整性,保護生物多樣性,保護生態緩沖區,給子孫后代留下珍貴的自然資產”的指導原則。根據句意可知,此處是介紹客觀事實,要用一般現在時。主語The GPNP是單數形式,與design是被動關系,因此用is designed。be designed to do sth.表示“為……而設計,目的是做某事”。
6.and　考查連詞。句意同上。根據句意并通過句子中的“protecting..., preserving...,protecting...”和“leaving...”可知,設空處需要用并列連詞連接多個并列成分,故填and。
7.populations　考查名詞復數。句意:大熊貓國家公園的主要目標是改善大熊貓不同種群和棲息地之間的聯系,并最終達到理想的野生種群數量水平。此處population 表示“種群,族群”,是可數名詞,而且前面有separate(不同的)修飾,因此要用復數形式populations。
8.eventually　考查副詞。設空處修飾動詞achieve,應用副詞形式作狀語,故填eventually。
9.as　考查介詞。句意:大熊貓也是一種保護傘物種,為中國西南和西北地區的許多動植物提供保護。結合句意可知,此處使用的是固定搭配serve as,意為“充當”,故填 as。
10.that　考查定語從句的關系詞。句意:大熊貓國家公園旨在為生活在大熊貓分布區的所有物種提供更有力的保護,并極大地改善該地區生態系統的健康狀況。設空處無提示詞,空前為名詞,“　10　 live within the Giant Panda Range”部分缺少主語,由此推斷設空處引導定語從句,在從句中作主語,先行詞是the species,指物,且先行詞前面有all修飾,因此要用關系代詞that。
【高考詞匯站】　1.effectiveness　2.inconsistency
3.biological　4.generation　5.connectivity　6.西南的　7.試驗性的;試點的　8.大量
長難句
原句　The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
分析　這是一個主從復合句。that 引導的定語從句修飾先行詞areas;“bring...”是現在分詞短語作結果狀語;“to increase...”是不定式短語作目的狀語。
譯文　該計劃將把保護范圍擴大到許多以前未受保護的地區,將許多現有的大熊貓保護區歸為一個部門管轄,以提高效率并減少管理上的不協調。
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