資源簡介

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 2　LESSON 1　A SEA STORY
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.I couldn't tell how worried and 　　　　(害怕的) I was and I didn't know what to do.
2.When large 　　　　(海浪) reach the coast, they bounce back.
Ⅱ.選詞填空
on the edge of; all at once; in the direction of; pick up
1.You must constantly move　　　　　　 that long-term goal.
2.　　　　　　 the jacket, there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.
3.One hot summer afternoon, he was taking a walk when a thunderstorm started　　　　　　.
4.Every day, the woman will　　　　　　 her children at school.
Ⅲ.單句語法填空
1.He was　　　　　(curious) silent through all this meeting.
2.It is reported that one prisoner has escaped　　　　　 a prison.
3.Your personal circumstances are 　　　　　(equal) important.
4.Filled with 　　　　　(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
5.For sudden heart failure, the best chance of　　　　　(survive) is having someone nearby step in and perform CPR quickly.
6.Her language, as I hear, is vivid, direct and full of　　　　　(observe) and wisdom.
7.He risked　　　　　(save) the child who couldn't swim.
8.The faster you run, the　　　　　(likely) you fall.
Ⅳ.單元語法專練
1.我忘不了我們相遇的那一天。
I can't forget the day　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
2.你知道他失敗的原因嗎
Do you know the reason　　　　 　　　　 　　　　
3.這是我去年待過的學校。
This is the school　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.
4.They went to the beach. On the beach they built the sand castles and enjoyed themselves. (句式升級;定語從句)
→
5.They remembered the holiday. During the holiday they saw a lot of films. (句式升級;定語從句)
→
6.He didn't give the reason. Their team lost the match. (句式升級;定語從句)
→
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.她有一點焦慮,她害怕這架飛機會墜毀。
She was a little anxious and she　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the plane would crash.
2.我花了一些時間弄清楚哪些中國傳統(tǒng)文化最吸引你們外國人。(it作形式主語;find out)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 what traditional Chinese culture attracts you foreigners most.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. The　1　(terrible) broke my body and soul.
One day, my two brothers and I　2　(be) coming back from the islands. All at once, the sky 　3　(cover) with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in 　4　 terrible storm. What's worse, my younger brother fell into the sea, and my elder brother and I were going in the direction of a whirlpool. 　5　(surprising), at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt 　6　(calm) than when we were moving towards it. I noticed that smaller and tubular objects fell down more slowly 　7　 other objects. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. And without 　8　(wait), I dived into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see, I did escape. In the end a boat picked me　9　. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable 　10　(recognise) me. When I told them the story, they did not believe it.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　 6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
I didn't sleep well for several days, worrying about the wildfires in several parts of Chongqing, my hometown. Like most people from Chongqing, I felt I must help stop the fires spreading, especially after I smelt heavy smoke in my house　1　 the evening of Aug. 21. The smoke was believed to be from a wildfire 　2　 broke out in the nearby Banan District in the afternoon that day. That night, a large fire 　3　(appear) in the mountains in the Beibei District, 40 kilometers from my home.
Clearly, the powerful fire was getting very close. Although forest firefighting forces from three provinces arrived, our government needed　4　(much) help from the public. And volunteers 　5　(call) on to go to different fire sites around the city.
Many people　6　(glad) went to offer help. Many gave away all kinds of things needed for the fight against wildfires. They took things to collection points, without 　7　(give) their names. 　8　(hundred) of people with skills and experience signed up as volunteers.
I asked　9　(I) what I could help with. I am a middle-aged woman without much strength. I cannot ride a motorcycle, and do not have any medical skills. I decided to do everything I could 　10　(help) the hard-working volunteers, which included taking them cold fruit tea.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
This winter, the state of California in the US received unusually large amounts of rain and snow. Now, people worry that some areas will flood as the snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains melts(融化).
Ron Caetano lives about halfway between the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco. He is preparing to leave in case his community, called the Island District, floods.
More than 100 years ago, the Island District area was under Tulare Lake, a large lake. At one time, Tulare Lake was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. But reservoirs(水庫) and watering systems for agriculture caused it to disappear. However, in very rainy years, farmland can still get covered with water.
Experts say nearby reservoirs will likely receive three times more water than they can hold this year. That means officials must increase the amount of water they release(釋放) from the reservoirs. But if too much water is released, the area might flood.
The Island District has organized a community network to help prepare for floods. People are placing sandbags close to elderly neighbors' houses to stop possible flooding. And they are looking at reports from water officials and county officials.
California has had very dry weather in recent years. Therefore, both cities and farm communities acclaimed this year's winter rains. If the weather gets warm slowly, the snow will not melt quickly and there may be little or no flooding. But if the weather gets hot quickly, that will bring trouble from too much melting snow.
Officials announced plans to close parts of Yosemite National Park because of possible danger of flooding. The park is about 270 kilometers east of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Nicholas Pinter is with the University of California, Davis's Center for Watershed Sciences. He said the lake's size has always changed because of California's weather. He described the surrounding area this way. “It has been an engineering problem all along,” he said. “This is a bathtub(浴缸) with no way out.”
1.What made Tulare Lake disappear
A.Lack of rainfall. 　　　B.Natural disasters. 　　　
C.Climate warming. 　　　D.Human behavior.
2.What does the underlined word “acclaimed” in Paragraph 6 mean
A.Feared. 　　　B.Doubted. 　　　C.Welcomed. 　　　D.Tracked.
3.What might Californians want to see
A.The government can help them move to other states.
B.The weather can get warm gradually in California.
C.There is more rain in the cities than on farms.
D.The officials release water on a regular basis.
4.What can we infer from Nicholas Pinter's words
A.It is difficult to deal with the flood. 　　　
B.It is easy to keep the snow water.
C.The surrounding area is unfit to live in. 　　　
D.The lake is already overflowing.
Ⅳ.完形填空
　　Jadav Payeng, an Indian, has formed the habit of planting a tree every day since he was just 16 years old. Now, almost 40 years later, he has created a　1　 of 1,360 acres on what was once poor land.
Growing up on Majuli, one of the world's largest river islands, he once　2　 hundreds of animals dying from drought caused by the 　3　 greenery on the island, so he was determined to plant one tree every day.
After almost four　4　 of growth, his forest is now home to hundreds of elephants, tigers, deer and birds. Payeng says he has lost count of how many trees he has planted—but he 　5　 there are now thousands of trees providing 　6　 for the wildlife.
“It's not as if I did it　7　,” Payeng says. “You plant one or two trees, and they have to seed. And once they seed, the wind knows how to plant them; the birds here know how to sow them; cows know; elephants 　8　, and even the river knows. The entire ecosystem knows.”
The locals on the island used to call Payeng “crazy” for his　9　, but since he was accidentally 　10　 by a wandering wildlife journalist in 2007, the “Forest Man of India” has been 　11　 as a role model for protecting the environment.
Payeng doesn't plan on　12　 any time soon—he wants to continue planting trees “until his last 　13　”. He hopes to 　14　 the entire island one day with 5,000 acres of trees. “Nature is everything. It 　15　 me. It gives me power. As long as it survives, I survive.”
1.A.lake　　　B.forest
C.park　　　D.hole
2.A.witnessed　　　B.imagined
C.reported　　　D.rescued
3.A.remote　　　B.amazing
C.fresh　　　D.decreasing
4.A.decades　　　B.years
C.months　　　D.weeks
5.A.argues　　　B.dreams
C.hopes　　　D.believes
6.A.food　　　B.care
C.water　　　D.shelter
7.A.by accident　　　B.by myself
C.by mistake　　　D.by all means
8.A.know　　　B.work
C.rest　　　D.run
9.A.confidence　　　B.position
C.ambition　　　D.experiment
10.A.discovered　　　B.connected
C.decided　　　D.regarded
11.A.ordered　　　B.observed
C.praised　　　D.studied
12.A.stopping　　　B.returning
C.hiding　　　D.waiting
13.A.purpose　　　B.view
C.breath　　　D.picture
14.A.tighten　　　B.restart
C.arrange　　　D.save
15.A.improves　　　B.inspires
C.changes　　　D.forbids
答案與分層梯度式解析
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.frightened　2.waves
Ⅱ.1.in the direction of　2.On the edge of　3.all at once
4.pick up
Ⅲ.1.curiously　考查副詞。句意:他在整個會議期間都令人不解地保持著沉默。分析句子可知設空處修飾形容詞silent,所以應用副詞。
2.from　考查介詞。句意:據(jù)報道一名囚犯已經(jīng)從監(jiān)獄逃走了。escape from...從……逃走。
3.equally　考查副詞。句意:你的個人情況同樣重要。此處修飾形容詞important,應用副詞。
4.curiosity　考查名詞。句意:充滿了好奇,這個藝術家收拾好行李就離開了。設空處作介詞with的賓語,結合句意可知此處應用名詞,故填curiosity。
5.survival/surviving　考查名詞/動名詞。句意:對于突發(fā)性心力衰竭來說,最佳的生存機會是讓附近的人介入并快速進行心肺復蘇。 設空處作介詞of的賓語,結合句意和所給提示詞可知此處應用名詞survival或動名詞surviving。
6.observation　考查名詞。句意:她的語言,正如我聽到的,是生動的、直接的,并且充滿了觀察和智慧。設空處作介詞of的賓語,結合后面的and wisdom的提示可知此處應用名詞。observation觀察;監(jiān)視。
7.saving　考查動名詞。句意:他冒險救這個不會游泳的孩子。risk doing sth.表示“冒險做某事”,故填saving。
8.more likely　考查副詞的比較級。分析句子可知,此處為“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”結構,所以設空處應用比較級形式,故填more likely。
Ⅳ.1.when we met each other　2.why he failed　3.where I stayed last year　4.They went to the beach where they built the sand castles and enjoyed themselves.　5.They remembered the holiday when they saw a lot of films.　6.He didn't give the reason why their team lost the match.
Ⅴ.1.was frightened that　2.It took me some time to find out
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.terror　考查名詞。設空處作主語,空前為The,應用名詞。
2.were　考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。文章描述過去的事情,應用一般過去時,句子主語是my two brothers and I,所以謂語用復數(shù)形式,故填were。
3.was covered　考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:突然,天空被烏云籠罩,不到一分鐘我們就被卷入了可怕的風暴中。文章描述過去的事情,應用一般過去時,主語為the sky,與cover之間為被動關系,故填was covered。be covered with...被……籠罩;被……覆蓋。
4.a　考查冠詞。storm表示“風暴”時為可數(shù)名詞,此處指處于一場可怕的風暴中,表示泛指,所以用不定冠詞a。
5.Surprisingly　考查副詞。句意:真想不到,在那一刻,當我們處在旋渦邊緣時,我感覺比我們向它移動時更平靜。設空處在句中作狀語,所以此處用副詞形式。
6.calmer　考查形容詞的比較級。句意見上一題。根據(jù)空后than的提示可知此處用形容詞的比較級,故填calmer。
7.than　考查介詞。句意:我注意到較小的和管狀的物體下落得比其他物體慢。根據(jù)more slowly可知此處用than表示前后比較。
8.waiting　考查動名詞。句意:我沒有等,一頭扎進海里,試圖逃離。此處without為介詞,由句意可知此處應用動名詞作賓語。
9.up　考查固定搭配。句意:最后,一艘船把我救了起來。pick sb. up(從海里或危險處)營救某人。
10.to recognise　考查不定式。句意:……但他們認不出我來了。be unable to do sth.不能做某事,故填to recognise。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了消防隊員和志愿者努力撲滅重慶山火的事跡,表示自己也想出一份力。
1.on　考查介詞。句意:像大多數(shù)重慶人一樣,我認為我必須幫助阻止火勢蔓延,特別是在8月21日晚上我在家里聞到濃煙之后。 根據(jù)空后的“the evening of Aug. 21”可知,此處具體到某一天的晚上,應該用介詞on。
2.which/that　考查定語從句。句意:濃煙被認為是那天下午附近的巴南區(qū)突然發(fā)生的野火所致。設空處無提示詞,空前為名詞wildfire,“　2　 broke out in the nearby Banan District in the afternoon that day”缺少主語,所以推測設空處引導定語從句且在從句中作主語,先行詞wildfire指物,應用關系代詞which或that。
3.appeared　考查動詞的時態(tài)。分析句子成分可知,設空處是句子的謂語,根據(jù)時間狀語That night可知,此處應用一般過去時。故填appeared。
4.more　考查形容詞的比較級。句意:雖然來自三個省的森林消防部隊已經(jīng)抵達,但我們的政府需要更多的來自公眾的幫助。分析句子可知,Although引導讓步狀語從句,表示“雖然”,結合語境可知,此處表示“需要更多的幫助”,設空處應該用much的比較級。故填more。
5.were called　考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:志愿者被號召去城市各處的不同火災現(xiàn)場。設空處是句子的謂語,該句子的主語volunteers和call on之間是被動關系,所以此處應用被動語態(tài);此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事情,所以應用一般過去時;句子的主語是volunteers,所以謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式。故填were called。
6.gladly　考查副詞。句意:許多人樂意去提供幫助。分析句子可知,設空處修飾動詞went,所以應用副詞。故填gladly。
7.giving　考查動名詞。句意:他們把東西帶到收集點,但沒有透露他們的姓名。 設空處作介詞without的賓語,所給提示詞為動詞give,所以此處應用動名詞形式。故填giving。
8.Hundreds　考查固定搭配。固定搭配hundreds of表示“數(shù)以百計的;許多”,表示概數(shù)。故填Hundreds。
9.myself　考查代詞。句意:我問自己我能幫什么忙。設空處作asked的間接賓語,和主語指的是同一人,所以應該用反身代詞。故填myself。
10.to help　考查動詞不定式。分析句子可知,句中已有謂語動詞,所以設空處應用非謂語動詞形式,根據(jù)語境可知“幫助努力工作的志愿者”是作者的目的,所以此處作目的狀語,應該用動詞不定式。故填to help。
【高頻詞匯】　1.spread v.蔓延;傳播　2.be believed to be...被認為是……　3.break out爆發(fā);突然發(fā)生
4.call on 號召　5.give away捐贈;贈送;分發(fā)　6.sign up報名
【熟詞生義】　force n.武裝部隊;部隊;一群人
長難句
原句　I decided to do everything I could to help the hard-working volunteers, which included taking them cold fruit tea.
分析　本句為主從復合句?！癐 could”為省略關系代詞that的定語從句,修飾先行詞everything,此處關系代詞不能用which替換,“to help...”為不定式短語作目的狀語;which引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞everything。
譯文　我決定盡我所能來幫助努力工作的志愿者們,包括把涼的水果茶帶給他們。
Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了加利福尼亞州今年冬天降水量異常大,使得人們擔心山區(qū)積雪融化后會引發(fā)洪水。島區(qū)仍有可能被淹沒,當?shù)鼐用窠M織了社區(qū)力量,為即將到來的洪水做準備。
1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關鍵詞Tulare Lake定位至第三段,根據(jù)第三段第三句可知,水庫和農業(yè)灌溉系統(tǒng)導致了圖萊里湖的消失,水庫的建設及農業(yè)灌溉系統(tǒng)與人類的行為有關。故選D。
2.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的Therefore可知,前后為因果關系,由前一句“California has had very dry weather in recent years.”可知,加利福尼亞近幾年天氣干燥,所以推知,城市和農場社區(qū)都稱贊今年的冬雨。結合選項分析,畫線詞與welcome的意思接近。故選C。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句可知,如果天氣慢慢變暖,雪不會很快融化,很少會有洪水,但是如果天氣迅速變熱,大量雪融化會帶來麻煩,如洪水。因此加利福尼亞的人們希望天氣逐漸變暖。故選B。
4.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)Nicholas Pinter's words定位至最后一段。根據(jù)最后一段的內容可知,他認為由于受到加利福尼亞的天氣的影響,湖泊的大小一直在變化,這一直是一個工程問題,就好像一個沒有排水口的浴缸,因此可能造成愈發(fā)嚴重的洪水問題。由此推斷當前很難去處理洪水問題。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.amount n.數(shù)量　2.in case以防
3.community n.社區(qū)　4.agriculture n.農業(yè)　5.official n.官員　6.organise v.組織　7.announce v.宣布,宣告;聲稱
8.describe v.描述
【熟詞生義】　1.hold v.容納　2.place v.放置
【差距詞匯】　freshwater adj.淡水的
長難句
原句　Experts say nearby reservoirs will likely receive three times more water than they can hold this year.
分析　本句是主從復合句。say后為省略了that的賓語從句;在賓語從句中,than引導比較狀語從句。
譯文　專家表示,附近的水庫今年可能會收到比它們的容量多三倍的水。
Ⅳ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文,講述了一個印度人四十年如一日,每天種植一棵樹,最終種出了一片森林的故事。
1.B　lake湖;forest森林;park公園;hole洞。根據(jù)第三段中的“his forest”可知,他創(chuàng)造的是森林,故選B。
2.A　witness目睹;imagine想象;report報告,報道;rescue營救,搶救。根據(jù)語境可知,他目睹了許多動物死于干旱,然后決定每天種一棵樹,故選A。
3.D　remote遙遠的;amazing令人驚奇的;fresh新鮮的;decreasing減少的。由設空處前的drought可知島上的綠色植物在減少,故選D。
4.A　decade十年。由上文的“almost 40 years later”可知,他種樹種了差不多四十年,故選A。
5.D　argue爭論,辯論;dream夢想;hope希望;believe相信。根據(jù)上文“his forest is now home to hundreds of elephants...”可知,他的森林已經(jīng)是許多動物的家園,所以是已經(jīng)存在的事實,故選D。
6.D　food食物;care照顧,照料;water水;shelter庇護。根據(jù)上文“his forest is now home to hundreds of elephants...”可知,野生動物在森林中生存,森林提供的是庇護,故選D。
7.B　by accident偶然地;by myself我獨自;by mistake錯誤地;by all means當然行。根據(jù)下文的“the wind knows how to plant them; the birds here know how...”可知,Payeng認為風、鳥和牛等都在幫忙種樹,所以他不覺得是他自己一個人在種樹,故選B。
8.A　know知道,了解;work工作,奏效;rest休息;run跑。設空處與前面為并列關系,由上文的“knows how to”“know how to”和“know”可知應選A。
9.C　confidence自信;position位置;ambition雄心,抱負;experiment實驗。由第一段可知Payeng一直堅持的習慣很偉大,由語境可知應選C。
10.A　discover發(fā)現(xiàn);connect連接;decide決定;regard看待,把……視為。由語境可知最初只有島上的當?shù)厝酥繮ayeng種樹,后來他被當作楷模,所以是一名記者發(fā)現(xiàn)他,discovered符合語境,故選A。
11.C　order命令,訂購;observe觀察,注意到;praise表揚;study學習,研究。設空處后的“as a role model(作為楷模)”是褒義,故選C。
12.A　stop停止;return返回,恢復;hide隱藏;wait等待。由下文的“he wants to continue planting trees”的提示可知,此處應該表示不打算停止,故選A。
13.C　purpose目的;view看法,意見;breath一口氣,呼吸;picture圖片,圖畫。設空處前介紹Payeng會繼續(xù)種樹,“until his last breath(直到他的最后一口氣)”符合語境,故選C。
14.D　tighten加強,使變緊;restart重新開始;arrange安排;save挽救。根據(jù)第二段可知Payeng種樹是為了保護環(huán)境,由設空處所在句中的“with 5,000 acres of trees”可知Payeng要種5,000英畝的樹,以拯救整個島嶼。故選D。
15.B　improve提高,改進;inspire激勵,鼓舞;change改變,變化;forbid禁止,妨礙。根據(jù)下一句“It gives me power.(它給了我力量)”可知,設空處用“激勵”符合語境,故選B。
【高頻詞匯】　1.determined adj.決意的,有決心的　2.power n.力量　3.witness vt.目擊;是發(fā)生……的地點;見證 n.證人;目擊者　4.inspire vt.激勵;鼓舞
長難句
原句　Growing up on Majuli, one of the world's largest river islands, he once witnessed hundreds of animals dying from drought caused by the decreasing greenery on the island, so he was determined to plant one tree every day.
分析　本句為so連接的并列復合句。“Growing up on Majuli”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,“one of the world's largest river islands”為Majuli的同位語,“caused by the decreasing greenery on the island”為過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾drought。
譯文　他在世界上最大的河中島嶼之一——馬久利島上長大,他曾經(jīng)目睹過許多動物死于島上綠色植物減少導致的干旱,所以他決心每天種一棵樹。
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