資源簡介

UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 4　LESSON 3　RACE TO THE POLE
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1.　　　　(誠實) is the best policy and we should always be honest with everyone.
2.In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six 　　　　(大洲).
3.Andrew Reynolds, a 　　　　(高興的) fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.
4.No one will ever know what mix of talent,　　　　(雄心), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
5.The elephant had heard the　　　　(遠處的) alarm calls of animals and its mood suddenly changed.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1.Basically, one's success is based　　　　　 how hard he has tried.
2.I wasn't　　　　　(bravery) enough to tell her what I did.
3.In preparation　　　　　 lectures, I urge you to do some reading.
4.　　　　　(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
5.The two countries are going to meet to break　　　　　 some trade barriers between them.
6.While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that　　　　　(explore).
7.The route　　　　　(measure) five kilometers, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.
8.So far, scientists　　　　　(prove) it is true. We should make use of the result.
9.Before we left, we had a photograph　　　　　(take) together.
10.It is said that Mr. Smith was the first　　　　　(leave) on September 10th.
Ⅲ.單元語法專練
在提示詞后加合適的后綴完成下列句子
1.He ran　　　　(quick) and caught up with his classmates.
2.We can get much of the　　　　(inform) from the Internet.
3.The girl was very　　　　(care) in picking the beans on the ground.
4.We should try our best to　　　　(beauty) our country.
5.They are sure that they can　　　　(real) their dreams.
6.When we do sports, we should know some　　　　(base) rules.
7.They get the teacher's　　　　(encourage) and feel very inspired.
Ⅳ.翻譯句子
1.當聽到主人的聲音時,這條狗沖了出去。(完全倒裝;rush)

(讀后續寫—情節描寫)
2.他們從不離開他們居住的地方。(定語從句)

能力提升練
Ⅰ.課文語法填空
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott began his journey　1　 Antarctica. At the same time, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south. During the polar summer, both teams organised food bases in 　2　(prepare) for their journeys. Amundsen reached the South Pole first. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott 　3　(final) arrived at the Pole. They 　4　(shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote sadly in his diary: “Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our 　5　(dream).”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott realised their　6　(hope) situation: “What each man feels in his heart I can only guess.” Then a terrible storm started. Scott spent some of his last hours 　7　(write). He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife. The news of Scott's death shocked 　8　 world. He had failed 　9　(win) the race to the Pole, but the extraordinary courage 　10　(show) by Captain Scott and his men made them heroes.
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.語法填空
For many years, human beings have been trying to conquer nature, but never succeeded. What's worse, nature has got angry. It often shows　1　(it) power and teaches human beings different lessons in various 　2　(way), such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, typhoons, droughts, landslides, tornadoes, and volcanic eruptions. Any of them can cause terrible disasters. For example, on March 11, 2011, 　3　 huge earthquake struck Japan, 　4　(cause) a terrible tsunami. Many cars, ships and buildings 　5　(ruin) by a ten-metre-high wall of water. Thousands of people were confirmed dead. The total energy released by the quake was equivalent to the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT, 　6　 is about a thousand times the total power of all the world's nuclear weapons. Another event was the “huge volcanic eruption in Iceland” in 2010. It caused enormous damage to air travel across western and northern Europe because 　7　 the large quantities of volcanic ash. All of these show how 　8　(power) nature is.
Compared with the great power of nature, human beings are so weak and even so helpless in the face of the destruction caused by natural disasters. It would be unwise of us　9　(fight) against or even try to conquer nature. On the contrary, we should try to learn how to live with nature 　10　(peaceful).
1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
A
Cheapest Islands in the World to Visit
Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas
As the northernmost one of the 700 islands of the Bahamas, Grand Bahama Island dishes up plenty of cheap activities alongside its white-sand beaches. Visiting the Lucayan National Park, which is home to both beloved Gold Rock Beach and one of the largest underwater cave(洞穴) systems in the world, is an affordable trip. There are hotel rooms at $80 a night.
Madeira, Portugal
Though closer to mainland Africa, Madeira is a part of Portugal known for its breathtaking natural beauty. Visitors can find hotels starting at $85 a night, and enjoy plenty of low-cost activities, like rowing a boat around volcanic Porto Moniz Natural Swimming Pools, and admiring the never-ending views around the island. No wonder it's been called the “Hawaii of Europe”.
Dominican Republic
Looking for one of the least expensive Caribbean islands The Dominican Republic is full of affordable surprises. In Santo Domingo, walk around Zona Colonial, the historic heart of the country's capital, and you'll find castles, cathedrals(大教堂), cobblestone streets, and cafés around every corner. During the low season(summer), you can find hotel deals starting at $33 a night.
Sri Lanka
Do you want to spend just $25-50 a day Then go to Sri Lanka. Since the South Asian island country is one of the largest tea producers in the world, start with a tea factory tour on a peaceful hike. Taking a train ride through the hills from Kandy to Badulla or from Colombo to Galle is an enjoyable and affordable way to see the countryside.
1.What can you do in the Lucayan National Park
A.Visit a huge castle. 　　　
B.Enjoy the beautiful beach.
C.Swim in Porto Moniz Natural Swimming Pools. 　　　
D.Go on a tea factory tour.
2.What is special about Zona Colonial
A.It requires booking. 　　　B.It has historic sites.
C.It is famous for tea. 　　　D.It is closed in summer.
3.Which of the following would provide a hotel room at the lowest price
A.Dominican Republic. 　　　B.Grand Bahama Island.
C.Madeira. 　　　D.Sri Lanka.
B
Suddenly, screams echo through the forest as alarmed animals such as spotted deer warn each other of a predator's(食肉動物) approach. Lying on my stomach with my camera in front of me, I've been observing a nearby stream for hours, waiting. This may be it.
Yes! A 380-pound lioness steps from the trees and heads toward the stream. She crouches(蹲伏) down to drink. She's close to me—no more than 50 yards away. She stands up and begins to walk toward me, not knowing I'm here.
When she is just about 20 yards away, I move my camera slightly so that she notices me. I don't want to shock or panic her. She freezes for a moment, then takes a crouching position and continues toward me, which is not really the reaction I want! I'm thinking, “Uh-oh, I'm about to become cat food!” I've approached lions before, but this is a first. The lion approaches me. If I stand up and yell, will she leave Maybe, maybe not. If I stand up and run, will she run after me Probably. So I decide to stay put.
The lioness comes closer and closer until she's only about four yards from me—the closest distance that still allows me to focus my camera lens.
Surprisingly, she lies down, posing like a statue in front of me. This makes me feel very small and humble(卑微的). Then she rolls over and looks at me upside down! She seems a little puzzled and appears to be trying to figure me out—Hmm, are you suitable to be eaten You don't look dangerous. I think you're OK.
I remind myself to breathe slowly, even though my heart is beating fast. I carefully back up my tripod(三腳架) just a bit to where I can focus and shoot the picture.
Suddenly—so fast that it surprises me—she leaps up. In a flash, she runs away. I'm left filled with emotion—the experience felt like a gift from the forest. Getting this photograph took a long time. I spent two years waiting for a permit to track the extremely rare Asiatic lions in the Gir Forest of India. Then I spent three months on foot searching for them. There are only about 300 of these endangered lions left.
Perhaps all the waiting in the forest gave the lioness time to get used to me. I tried not to disturb her life. My reward A moment I'll never forget.
4.How does the author feel when the lioness comes near to him
A.Relaxed and calm.　　　B.Bored and puzzled.　　　
C.Anxious but proud.　　　D.Frightened but excited.
5.What does the lioness do after coming close to the author
A.She pretends to be dead.　　　
B.She stays for a second and then goes away.
C.She tries to attack him.　　　
D.She recognizes the author and stares at him.
6.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To introduce a kind lioness.　　　
B.To show the readers the dangers in the forest.
C.To share an experience with the readers.　　　
D.To congratulate himself on his narrow escape.
7.Where is the text probably taken from
A.A personal diary.　　　B.A TV interview.　　　
C.A travel guide.　　　D.A research paper.
答案與分層梯度式解析
基礎過關練
Ⅰ.1.Honesty　2.continents　3.cheerful　4.ambition　5.distant
Ⅱ.1.on　考查介詞。be based on...表示“以……為基礎(或根據)”,故填on。句意:基本上,一個人的成功以他的努力程度為基礎。
2.brave　考查形容詞。句意:我沒有足夠的勇氣告訴她我做了什么。分析句子可知此處作表語,同時被enough修飾,應用形容詞,故填brave。
3.for　考查固定搭配。句意:為了準備演講,我力勸你們做一些閱讀。 in preparation for...表示“為……做準備”。
4.Anxiously　考查副詞。句意:她焦急地從包裹里拿出那件連衣裙試穿,卻發現它不合身。根據句意可知此處用副詞作狀語。
5.down　考查固定短語。句意:這兩個國家將舉行會談,以消除它們之間的一些貿易壁壘。break down表示“消除”,故填down。
6.exploration　考查名詞。句意:高中一般不鼓勵學生探索生活的新方面,而大學為那種探索鋪平了道路。設空處作for的賓語,空前為指示代詞that,所以此處應用名詞,exploration 表示“探索;探究”。
7.measures　考查measure的用法。measure表示“有……長(寬、高等)”時是連系動詞,此處陳述一般事實,應用一般現在時,主語為The route,故填measures。句意:路線長五公里,從我們學校的大門口到南山腳下。
8.have proved　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據So far可知此處應用現在完成時,主語為scientists,故填have proved。句意:到目前為止,科學家們已經證明了它是真的。我們應該利用這個結果。
9.taken　考查過去分詞。句意:離開之前,我們一起照了張相。此處為“have+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,名詞 photograph與動詞take之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞作賓語補足語,故填taken。
10.to leave　考查動詞不定式。句意:據說史密斯先生是9月10日第一個離開的。the first to do sth.表示“第一個做某事的”,the first后常用不定式作后置定語。
類比啟發
　　一般當中心詞為序數詞、最高級、the last、the only等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時,多用不定式作后置定語。
Ⅲ.1.quickly　2.information　3.careful　4.beautify
5.realise　6.basic　7.encouragement
Ⅳ.1.Out rushed the dog when it heard its master's voice.
2.They never leave the place where they live.
能力提升練
Ⅰ.1.to　考查介詞。句意:1910年6月1日,斯科特上校開始了他的南極之旅。此處表示通往某地,應用介詞to。
2.preparation　考查名詞。句意:在極地的夏季,兩支隊伍都組織了食物基地,為他們的旅行做準備。in preparation for...表示“為……做準備”,為固定短語。
3.finally　考查副詞。句意:斯科特終于到達了南極。設空處修飾動詞arrived,所以此處用副詞作狀語。
4.were shocked　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:他們看到挪威國旗時都驚呆了。They與shock之間為被動關系,且由上下文可知,此處應用一般過去時,故填were shocked。
5.dreams　考查名詞復數。dream為可數名詞,根據空前的most of our的提示可知此處用名詞復數。
6.hopeless　考查形容詞。句意:斯科特意識到他們絕望的處境……。設空處修飾名詞situation,應用形容詞,由上一句可知天氣狀況很糟糕,所以此處用hopeless,表示“絕望的”。
7.writing　考查動名詞。句意:斯科特把他最后的幾個小時用來寫信。此處為“sb. spend(s)+時間+(in) doing sth.”結構,所以用動名詞。
8.the　考查冠詞。句意:斯科特的死訊震驚了世界。 world意為“世界”時,其前常用定冠詞the。
9.to win　考查動詞不定式。fail to do sth.表示“未能做成某事”,故填to win。
10.shown　考查過去分詞。分析句子可知,but連接兩個并列分句,后一分句中已有謂語動詞,“　10　 by Captain Scott and his men”為后置定語,修飾courage,此處courage與show之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞。
Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。作者通過歷史上比較嚴重的自然災害向人們表明人類不應試圖征服自然,應與自然和平共處。
1.its　考查代詞。設空處修飾名詞power,應用形容詞性物主代詞,故填its。
2.ways　考查名詞復數。空前為various,表示“各種各樣的”,此處way表示“方式,方法”,為可數名詞,所以應用復數形式,故填ways。
3.a　考查冠詞。earthquake是可數名詞的單數形式,此處表示泛指,設空處應用不定冠詞,huge的發音以輔音音素開頭,故填a。
4.causing　考查現在分詞。句中已有謂語struck,設空處應用非謂語動詞,根據語境可知此處表示自然而然的結果,應用現在分詞作結果狀語,故填causing。
5.were ruined　考查時態、語態和主謂一致。此處描述過去的事情,主語Many cars, ships and buildings與ruin之間是被動關系,應用一般過去時的被動語態,主語是復數形式,所以謂語也應用復數形式。故填were ruined。
6.which　考查定語從句。設空處無提示詞,“　6　 is about a thousand times...weapons”中缺少主語,所以推測設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT指物,故填which。
7.of　考查介詞?？蘸鬄槊~短語the large quantities of volcanic ash,because of后跟名詞或名詞短語,故填of。
8.powerful　考查形容詞。設空處作表語,說明名詞nature的特征,應用形容詞,powerful意為“強大的”,故填powerful。
9.to fight　考查不定式?！癐t is+形容詞+of sb. to do...”是固定句型,意為“某人做某事是……的”,其中It是形式主語,真正的主語是不定式,故填to fight。
10.peacefully　考查副詞。設空處修飾動詞live,應用副詞,故填peacefully。
【高頻詞匯】　1.power n.力量;能力;權力　2.strike v.侵襲;爆發;突然想到;碰;撞擊　3.confirm v.證實,證明;使確信　4.release v.釋放;放開　5.compared with... 與……相比　6.fight against...對抗……　7.on the contrary與此相反
【差距詞匯】　1.conquer v.征服　2.equivalent adj.相等的,相同的　3.enormous adj.巨大的;極大的
Ⅲ. A
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個世界上適合游覽的最便宜的島嶼。
1.B　細節理解題。根據 Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas部分中的第二句可知,在盧卡亞國家公園可以欣賞美麗的海灘。故選B。
2.B　細節理解題。根據Dominican Republic部分中的第三句可知,Zona Colonial尤以歷史古跡著稱,而本文介紹的其他地方都以自然風光為主,所以Zona Colonial的特殊之處在于它的歷史古跡。故選B。
3.D　細節理解題。對比四處旅游景點的酒店價格,Grand Bahama Island, The Bahamas每晚80美元,Madeira, Portugal每晚85美元起,Dominican Republic每晚33美元起,Sri Lanka每天25—50美元,由此可知,Sri Lanka可以提供最便宜的賓館房間。故選D。
【高頻詞匯】　1.affordable adj.多數人支付得起的
2.breathtaking adj.驚人的　3.admire v.欣賞　4.no wonder難怪　5.historic adj.古老的　6.enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
【熟詞生義】　1.dish up提供　2.home n.所在地,棲息地
【差距詞匯】　low season淡季
B
◎語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者近距離拍攝一頭稀有的獅子的經歷。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Uh-oh, I'm about to become cat food!”可知作者是很害怕的,由倒數第二段的第四至六句可知作者為了拍攝這張照片等了很久,所以當母獅靠近他時,他又是很激動的,因為他有了拍攝照片的機會。故選D。
5.B　細節理解題。根據倒數第四段中的“Surprisingly, she lies down”和倒數第二段中的“In a flash, she runs away.”可知,母獅靠近作者后待了一會兒就走了。故選B。
6.C　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,作者詳細描寫了自己等待拍攝母獅照片、母獅一步步靠近自己、自己小心移動三腳架進行拍攝、最后母獅離去到自己因成功拍攝到照片而喜悅的過程,因此作者是在與讀者分享這次經歷。故選C。其他選項都不夠全面。
7.A　推理判斷題。作者以第一人稱敘述了自己近距離拍攝一頭稀有的獅子的經歷,因此本文可能來自一篇個人日記。故選A。
【高頻詞匯】　1.warn v.使警惕;警告　2.approach n.& v.接近　3.panic v.(使)驚慌　4.reaction n.反應;回應　5.figure out弄清楚;弄明白　6.suitable adj.合適的
7.permit n.許可;許可證 v.允許
【熟詞生義】　1.head vi.朝(某方向)行進　2.yard n.碼(長度單位)　3.freeze v.(因恐懼、震驚而)愣住;呆住
4.shoot v.拍攝
【差距詞匯】　1.echo vi.回響　2.lie on one's stomach趴著;俯臥　3.yell v.叫喊;大喊;吼叫　4.stay put固定不動;留在原地　5.lens n.鏡片;透鏡　6.leap v.跳;跳躍
長難句
原句　She freezes for a moment, then takes a crouching position and continues toward me, which is not really the reaction I want!
分析　該句為主從復合句。主句中and連接freezes、 takes 和continues 三個并列的謂語動詞,which引導非限制性定語從句,which指代整個主句的內容,其中“I want”為定語從句,先行詞為the reaction,省略了關系詞that或which,關系詞在從句中作want的賓語。
譯文　它愣了一會兒,然后采取蹲伏的姿勢,繼續向我走來,這確實不是我想要的反應!
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