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UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE
Part 6　Writing
地震安全建議
寫作題目
　　當今世界地震頻發,如何才能避免傷亡并把損失降到最低呢 假如你是李華,請給你的朋友Tom寫一封信,簡要談一下應對地震的具體做法。
注意:
1.寫作詞數應為80個左右;
2.可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫;
3.開頭已為你寫好,不計入總詞數。
Dear Tom,
An earthquake may hit our area at any time. Do you know what to do in an earthquake




Yours,
Li Hua
思路點撥
遣詞造句
Ⅰ.用本單元所學單詞或短語填空
1.　　　　adj.鎮靜的
2.　　　　　　被困在……
3.　　　　　　救援隊
4.　　　　　　遠離……
答案　1.calm　2.be trapped in...　3.rescue team　4.keep away from...
Ⅱ.本單元語塊、語法運用
1.完成句子
第一部分:點明主題
(1)Let me tell you　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(做什么來降低)the losses of an earthquake to a minimum.
第二部分:介紹應對地震的做法
(2)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(地震期間), you are outside.
(3)You must keep away from buildings, trees and　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(其他可能掉落的東西).
(4)If you are inside, you must　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(待在一個角落),or get under a table.
(5)If you　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(被困在廢墟中), please be calm and wait for the rescue team to help.
(6)After an earthquake, you should　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(檢查你家里的每樣東西), and see whether gas pipes, water pipes and electric wires are OK.
第三部分:表達愿望
(7)Have you learned it I believe that　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(只要你記住上面的方法), you will be able to minimize the losses.
答案　(1)what to do to reduce　(2)During an earthquake　(3)other things that can fall　(4)stay in a corner　(5)are trapped in the ruins　(6)check everything in your house　(7)as long as you remember the above methods
2.句式升級
(8)把句(2)和句(3)合并為含有條件狀語從句的句子




答案　(8)During an earthquake, if you are outside, you must keep away from buildings, trees and other things that can fall.
連句成篇
Dear Tom,
An earthquake may hit our area at any time. Do you know what to do in an earthquake Let me tell you what to do to reduce the losses of an earthquake to a minimum.
During an earthquake, if you are outside, you must keep away from buildings, trees and other things that can fall. If you are inside, you must stay in a corner, or get under a table. If you are trapped in the ruins, please be calm and wait for the rescue team to help. After an earthquake, you should check everything in your house, and see whether gas pipes, water pipes and electric wires are OK.
Have you learned it I believe that as long as you remember the above methods, you will be able to minimize the losses.
Yours,
Li Hua
寫作積累
關于自然災害的寫作素材
一、詞匯
1.natural disasters 自然災害
2.a strong sandstorm一場強沙塵暴
3.a frightening typhoon一場可怕的臺風
4.return to normal恢復正常
5.wipe out 徹底消滅,全部摧毀
二、句子
1.Many houses were destroyed.許多房屋被毀。
2.Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and droughts occur now and then.地震、洪水和旱災等自然災害時而發生。
3.The snowstorm will last till tomorrow afternoon. 暴風雪將持續到明天下午。
4.Some disasters can't be avoided now, but we can certainly reduce the loss they cause.雖然有些災難現在是無法避免的,但我們肯定能減少它們造成的損失。
實戰演練1
假定你是李華,你校英文報將舉辦主題為“自然災害”的征文活動。請你給你的朋友Bruce Alpert寫一封郵件,邀請他參加。內容包括:
1.說明緣由;
2.請他介紹美國的自然災害并談談其影響及應對措施等;
3.告知征文截稿日期。
注意:1.寫作詞數應為80個左右;
2.可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。




讀后續寫
寫作題目
　　閱讀下面材料,根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
　　Jenny was a pretty six-year-old girl. Born in a small town in Scotland, she was the apple of her parents' eye. One day when Jenny and her mother were checking out at the supermarket, Jenny saw a plastic pearl(珍珠) necklace priced at $2.50. Obviously, Jenny liked it very much. She stared at it for a moment and looked up at her mother. When the mother's eyes and the daughter's eyes met, they both couldn't help laughing knowingly.
　　Her mother bought the necklace for her on condition that she had to do some housework to pay it off. Jenny agreed. She worked very hard every day, and soon Jenny paid off the necklace. Jenny loved it so much that she wore it everywhere except when she was in the shower. Her mother had told her it would turn her neck green!
　　Jenny had a very loving daddy. He ran a cake shop in town. Business was slowing down, and the whole family only made ends meet. No matter what troubles he had, the strong man always smiled in front of his wife and child. Every evening, when Jenny went to bed, he would read Jenny her favorite story.
　　One night when the father finished reading an interesting story, he said, “Jenny, could you give me your necklace ”
　　“Oh! Daddy, not my necklace!” Jenny said. “But you can have Rosy, my favorite doll. Remember her You gave her to me last year for my birthday. Okay ”
　　“Oh no, darling, that's okay,” her father brushed her cheek with a kiss. “Good night, little one.” Jenny held her beloved necklace tightly for fear that it would be taken away.
　　A week later, her father once again asked Jenny for the necklace after her favorite story.
　　“Oh, Daddy, not my necklace! But you can have Ribbons, my toy horse. Do you remember her She's my favorite.”
注意:續寫詞數應為150個左右。
　　“Oh no,darling,that's okay,” her father said and kissed her again on the cheek.




Inside the box was a beautiful,real pearl necklace.




文本分析
初識文本
重點詞匯
1.check out 結賬離開
2.can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事
3.pay off 付清
4.slow down 慢下來,減速
5.make ends meet 勉強維持生計
6.for fear that...生怕……
7.take away 拿走,帶走
障礙詞匯
1.the apple of one's eye 某人的掌上明珠
2.knowingly adv.心照不宣地;會意地
長難句
原句　Jenny loved it so much that she wore it everywhere except when she was in the shower.
分析　該句為主從復合句。so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導結果狀語從句。
譯文　珍妮非常喜歡它,以至于除了洗澡的時候,她去哪兒都戴著它。
故事要素
深研文本
預測情節發展
Paragraph 1:她的爸爸說:“哎喲,親愛的,沒關系。”并再一次親吻了她的臉頰。(段首句)→經過一番猶豫,珍妮決定把項鏈送給父親。→父親拿著一個盒子來到珍妮的房間準備給她講故事。
Paragraph 2:盒子里是一條漂亮的、真的珍珠項鏈。(段首句)→珍妮看到項鏈后十分開心。→父親攢錢為她買了一條真的珍珠項鏈。
遣詞造句
1.用單詞或短語填空
(1)　　　　adj.明亮的;歡快的
(2)　　　　v.閃光;閃爍
(3)　　　　v.想知道;想弄明白
(4)　　　　v.顫抖
(5)　　　　　　放棄
(6)　　　　　　至少
答案　(1)bright　(2)flash　(3)wonder　(4)tremble　(5)give up　(6)at least
2.完成句子
(1)Jenny's　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(明亮的大眼睛) flashed in the dark.
(2)She　　　　 　　　　(想知道為什么) her father liked her necklace.
(3)Several days later, when Jenny's father came in to read her a story, Jenny 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(正坐在她的床上) and her lips were trembling.
(4)With one hand her father held the plastic pearl necklace and with the other he　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(從他的口袋里掏出一個藍色的盒子).
(5)Jenny almost　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(跳下床來), when she saw the shiny necklace.
(6)So he decided　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(停止吸煙)and use the money 　　　　 　　　　(他攢下的) to buy a real necklace for his daughter.
(7)He was waiting for Jenny　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(放棄) the cheap necklace 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(以便他能給她一個真的).
(8)The real necklace　　　　 　　　　(值) at least $150.
答案　(1)bright big eyes　(2)wondered why
(3)was sitting on her bed　(4)pulled a blue box out of his pocket　(5)jumped out of bed　(6)to stop smoking;he saved　(7)to give up;so that he could give her a real one
(8)was worth
3.句式升級
(9)把句(7)和句(8)合并成一個含有which引導的非限制性定語從句的主從復合句

答案　(9)He was waiting for Jenny to give up the cheap necklace so that he could give her a real one, which was worth at least $150.
連句成篇
　　“Oh no, darling, that's okay,” her father said and kissed her again on the cheek. Jenny's bright big eyes flashed in the dark. She wondered why her father liked her necklace. Several days later, when Jenny's father came in to read her a story, Jenny was sitting on her bed and her lips were trembling. “Here, Daddy,” she said, holding out her hand. She opened it and her beloved pearl necklace was inside. She put it into her father's hand. With one hand her father held the plastic pearl necklace and with the other he pulled a blue box out of his pocket.
　　Inside the box was a beautiful, real pearl necklace. Jenny almost jumped out of bed when she saw the shiny necklace. Her father had learned from his wife how Jenny got the necklace and how she loved it. So he decided to stop smoking and use the money he saved to buy a real necklace for his daughter. He had had it all along. He was waiting for Jenny to give up the cheap necklace so that he could give her a real one, which was worth at least $150.
寫作積累
關于人物描寫的增分素材
一、表人物喜樂
1.既興奮又開心:a mixture of excitement and happiness
2.興高采烈:in high/good spirits
3.振奮某人的情緒:raise/lift sb.'s spirits
4.充滿歡樂:be full of joy
5.欣喜若狂:be wild with joy
6.滿足的神情:the look of satisfaction
二、表人物悲傷消沉
1.強烈的失落感:a strong sense of loss
2.陷入絕望:fall into despair
3.痛哭欲絕:cry one's heart out
4.心情沉重:with a sinking heart
5.情緒低落:in low spirits
6.悶悶不樂:down in the dumps
三、表人物怨怒
1.引起某人的不快:arouse one's displeasure
2.對……感到不滿:be displeased with.../have a complaint about...
3.氣得雙頰通紅:one's cheeks flame with anger
4.暴跳如雷:fly into a rage
5.對某人勃然大怒:get mad at sb.
6.怒氣沖沖地跑出房間:run out of the room in a burst of anger
7.氣得直跺腳:stamp one's foot in anger
四、表人物個性品格
1.務實:be down-to-earth
2.保守的性格:conservative personalities
3.責任感:a/the sense of responsibility
4.具有……的美德:with the virtue of...
5.缺乏責任感:lack the sense of responsibility
6.一個沉著的人:a self-possessed person
7.個性強:have a strong personality
實戰演練2
閱讀下面材料,根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。
Peter woke up early in the morning. He went downstairs in a hurry and started to have his breakfast as quickly as possible.
“Why are you in such a hurry, early bird ” Mum asked him. “We will have an English spelling test today, Mum,” Peter said. “Mr. White promised to offer prizes to those who get full marks. I've been studying the word list since last week. Although the words are difficult, I am well prepared for them.”
Peter reviewed the spelling of each word once more carefully when Dad drove him to school. At last, it was time for the students to have a test. “Responsibility,” Mr. White started. Peter wrote it on his test paper quickly and confidently.
“The second word: contribution,” Mr. White said.
“So easy,” Peter thought. He quickly wrote the word down.
Thirty words later, the test papers were collected by Mr. White. “I am to mark your papers now,” he told the class. After marking the test papers, Mr. White said, “Three of you won prizes today for excellent test scores. Peter, David and Mary scored 100 percent in the spelling test!”
Mr. White praised them. Meanwhile, he gave the three students each a dictionary. Peter's was an English-Chinese dictionary—the one he liked best. Peter was so excited that he held it high when his classmates cheered. “This is my happiest moment,” Peter thought.
After Mr. White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling. All of a sudden, the word “contribusion” confused him. It didn't seem right. Peter began to compare them after taking out the word list. “C-o-n-t-r-i-b-u-s-i-o-n,” he whispered. He had spelled it wrong.
“What am I to do ” Peter said to himself. “I expect my classmates to think I'm a master of spelling. If I tell Mr. White one of my spelling words is wrong, I'll have to give my prize back, or I will become an example of telling a lie.”
Staring at the red sign “100%” which was written on his test paper, Peter was lost in thought. After a while, he remembered a lesson Mum used to teach him—we ought to be an honest person.
注意:續寫詞數應為150個左右。
Slowly, Peter raised his hand.



Peter looked around and found many of his classmates were smiling at him.
答案與分層梯度式解析
實戰演練1
One possible version:
Dear Bruce Alpert,
Our school's English newspaper will hold an essay competition on the theme of “Natural Disasters”. I'd like to invite you to take part in it.
As we know, many natural disasters occur every year in America, causing great damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters, such as tornadoes and hurricanes and tell some common knowledge about them. In addition, you can tell the effects of them and the relative measures you take to protect yourself during the natural disasters.
The deadline is next Friday. I'm looking forward to your article.
Yours,
Li Hua
實戰演練2
寫作指導
情節線 情感線
故事要素 時間 a school day when they had an English spelling test 緊張、興奮 自信 高興、興奮、驕傲 困惑、猶豫 堅定 感謝 興奮
地點 at school
人物 Peter, Peter's mum, Peter's dad, Mr. White, Peter's classmates
情節 背景 英語課上將進行單詞拼寫測驗,獲得滿分的同學可獲得獎品
開端 彼得準備充分,信心滿滿地參加測驗
發展1 老師評完卷后,彼得、戴維和瑪麗獲得了滿分,彼得得到了夢寐以求的獎品——英漢詞典
發展2 彼得拿到試卷后發現自己竟然拼錯了一個單詞,他猶豫是否要告訴老師實情,此時他想起來他的媽媽曾教育他要做一個誠實的人
續寫方向 Para. 1 慢慢地,彼得舉起了手。(段首句)
根據材料的最后“彼得想起來他的媽媽曾教育他要做一個誠實的人”及續寫第一段首句中的“彼得舉起了手”可知彼得要說出實情。 ①彼得是如何說的 ②老師作何反應(是批評還是表揚),向同學們說了什么
Para. 2 彼得向四周望去,發現許多同學正朝他微笑。(段首句)
①老師做了什么,他收回彼得的詞典了嗎 ②彼得的心情如何
One possible version:
Slowly, Peter raised his hand. “Mr. White, I didn't score 100 percent in the test. I misspelled a word.” He stood up and handed his teacher the dictionary he liked best and his test paper. “I spelled ‘contribution’ with ‘s-i’ instead of ‘t-i’.” Peter could feel his classmates looking at him with surprise as he walked back to his desk. Mr. White held up Peter's test paper. “Class,” he said, “Peter did something even more important than spelling every word correctly in a test.” Mr. White smiled at Peter. “He taught us all a lesson on being honest.”
Peter looked around and found many of his classmates were smiling at him. “Peter, I want you to have this dictionary because you set a good example for all of us,” Mr. White said. Peter took the dictionary from his teacher and expressed his thanks to Mr. White. Meanwhile, he couldn't wait to show it to Mum and tell her one of his best days ever.
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