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2025 秋譯林英語八上
Unit 1 Friendship 講義
一、知識梳理
（一）詞匯
1. 重點單詞
helpful：adj. 樂于助人的，如：She is a helpful girl.（她是個樂于助人的女孩。）
honest：adj. 誠實的，be honest with sb.（對某人誠實） 。例如：An honest person always tells the truth.（誠實的人總是說實話。）
cheerful：adj. 快樂的，a cheerful smile（燦爛的笑容） 。
humorous：adj. 幽默的，a humorous story（幽默的故事） 。
caring：adj. 體貼人的，a caring friend（體貼的朋友） 。
trustworthy：adj. 值得信賴的，trustworthy friends（值得信賴的朋友） 。
patient：adj. 有耐心的，be patient with sb.（對某人有耐心） 。
energetic：adj. 精力充沛的，an energetic boy（精力充沛的男孩） 。
2. 后綴構詞
-ful：表示 “充滿… … 的” ，如 care - careful（小心的） ，help - helpful（有幫助 的） ，use - useful（有用的） 。
-less：表示 “ 沒有… … 的” ，如 care - careless（粗心的） ，help - helpless（無 助的） ，use - useless（無用的） 。
中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
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（二）句型
1. 比較級和最高級
1. 比較級：用于兩者比較，結構為 “形容詞比較級 + than” 。例如：Betty's hair is longer than mine.（貝蒂的頭發比我的長。）
2. 最高級：用于三者或三者以上比較，結構為 “the + 形容詞最高級” 。例 如：Max is the tallest boy in our class.（馬克斯是我們班最高的男孩。）
3. 變化規則
一般情況：單音節詞和部分雙音節詞，在詞尾加 -er 構成比較級，加 -est 構成最 高級 。如：long - longer - longest ，small - smaller - smallest 。
以 -e 結尾的詞：加 -r 構成比較級，加 -st 構成最高級 。如：nice - nicer - nicest ，
fine - finer - finest 。
以 “輔音字母 + y” 結尾的詞：變 y 為 i ，再加 -er 和 -est 。如：tidy - tidier - tidiest ，pretty - prettier - prettiest 。
重讀閉音節詞：雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加 -er 和 -est 。如：big - bigger - biggest ，
slim - slimmer - slimmest 。
多音節詞和部分雙音節詞：在詞前加 more 構成比較級，加 most 構成最高級 。 如：beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful ，wonderful - more wonderful -
most wonderful 。
不規則變化：good - better - best ，bad - worse - worst 。
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2. What do you think... ：用于詢問對方對某事的看法 。例如：What do you think makes good friends （你認為什么造就了好朋友？）
（三）課文內容
1. Welcome to the unit：討論好朋友應具備的品質，如善良、誠實、幽默等 。
2. Reading：介紹了貝蒂和馬克斯兩位好朋友，貝蒂善良、樂于助人、值得信賴且 有耐心；馬克斯幽默、精力充沛、樂觀，還能鼓勵他人 。
3. Integration：通過故事和討論，學習交友和與朋友相處的方法，如加入俱樂部、 主動與人交談、做一個好的傾聽者等 。
二、考點聚焦
（一）詞匯運用
1. 根據語境填單詞：給出描述朋友品質或外貌的句子，讓學生填寫相應單詞 。例 如：My friend is very h____. He always tells the truth.（答案：honest）
2. 用所給詞的適當形式填空：考查后綴構詞和形容詞比較級、最高級的變化 。例 如：This book is ____ (interesting) than that one.（答案：more interesting）
（二）句型轉換
1. 比較級和最高級轉換：如：Betty is the most helpful person in our class.（改為 同義句） → Betty is more helpful than any other person in our class.
2. 對觀點提問：針對 “What do you think... ” 句型進行提問和回答的考查 。
（三）閱讀理解
1. 細節理解：根據介紹貝蒂和馬克斯的文章，考查學生對他們品質、外貌等細節 的理解 。
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2. 推理判斷：通過文章內容，讓學生推斷作者對友誼的看法或從故事中能學到什 么 。
（四）寫作
以 “ My Best Friend” 為題，要求學生運用所學詞匯和句型，描述朋友的外貌、性 格和品質，以及與朋友相處的經歷 。
三、解題技巧
（一）詞匯題
1. 理解語境：認真閱讀句子，理解句子含義和所缺單詞的詞性、詞義 。
2. 注意詞形變化：填寫后綴構詞時，注意單詞拼寫；填寫比較級和最高級時，遵 循變化規則 。
（二）句型轉換題
1. 比較級和最高級轉換技巧：比較級變最高級時，注意 “any other + 單數名詞” 結 構的運用；最高級變比較級時，去掉 the，加上 than 和相應的比較對象 。
2. 觀點提問回答技巧：明確問題是詢問看法，回答時要清晰表達自己的觀點，可 參考課文中的描述 。
（三）閱讀理解題
1. 細節題：在文章中找到與題目相關的句子，仔細對比信息，注意關鍵詞的替換 。
2. 推理題：結合文章主旨和具體內容進行推理，不能主觀臆斷 。
（四）寫作題
1. 構思框架：按照 “介紹朋友 - 描述外貌 - 闡述性格和品質 - 講述相處經歷 - 總結感受” 的結構進行寫作 。
2. 運用詞匯和句型：使用課文中學到的描述朋友的詞匯和比較級、最高級句型， 增加文章亮點 。
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四、課后練習
（一）詞匯拼寫
1. A good friend should be h_____. We can trust what they say.
2. My deskmate is very c_____. She always comes up with good ideas.
3. It's important to be p_____ when others are speaking.
4. Max is so e_____ that he can play basketball for hours without getting tired.
5. Betty is a t_____ friend. You can share your secrets with her.
6. A h_____ person is always ready to give a hand.
7. My friend has a great s_____ of humour and can make me laugh all the time.
8. My best friend is very c_____. She often remembers my birthday and gives me surprises.
9. It's not right to be r_____ to others. We should be polite.
10. A good friend will always s_____ by your side in times of trouble.
答案：1. honest 2. clever 3. patient 4. energetic 5. trustworthy 6. helpful 7. sense 8. caring 9.
rude 10. stand
（二）用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. This book is _____ (interesting) than that one.
2. He is the _____ (tall) boy in our school.
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3. My mother is _____ (patient) than my father.
4. Among all the students, Lucy is the _____ (good) at math.
5. The weather today is much _____ (hot) than yesterday.
6. Which city is _____ (beautiful), Beijing or Shanghai
7. This story is _____ (funny) than the one I read last week.
8. My sister is _____ (outgoing) than me.
9. Who is the _____ (thin) girl in your class
10. The movie is _____ (boring) than I thought.
答案 ：1. more interesting 2. tallest 3. more patient 4. best 5. hotter 6. more beautiful 7. funnier 8. more outgoing 9. thinnest 10. more boring
（三）句型轉換
1. Simon is the tallest boy in his class.（改為同義句） Simon is ____ ____ any other boy in his class.
2. What do you think of the film （改為同義句） ____ do you ____ the film
3. Lily is taller than Lucy.（改為一般疑問句） ____ Lily ____ than Lucy
4. This book is more interesting than that one.（改為否定句） This book ____ ____ more interesting than that one.
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5. The red dress is the most expensive in the shop.（對劃線部分提問） ____ ____ is the most expensive in the shop
6. My mother is busier than my father.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答） —____ your mother ____ than your father
—Yes, ____ ____.
7. He runs faster than his brother.（改為同義句）
His brother runs ____ ____ than him.
8. She is the best singer in our school.（改為同義句） She sings ____ ____ any other singer in our school.
9. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.（對劃線部分提問） ____ the weather ____ in Beijing
10. My bag is heavier than yours.（改為一般疑問句） ____ ____ bag heavier than ____
答案：1. taller than 2. How; like 3. Is; taller 4. is not 5. Which dress 6. Is; busier; she is 7. more slowly 8. better than 9. What's; like 10. Is your; mine
（四）閱讀理解
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的 A、B 、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
My name is Sam. I have a best friend called Tom. We met each other five years ago when we were in the same primary school.
Tom is a tall and thin boy with short black hair. He has a round face and big eyes. He
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always wears a pair of glasses, which makes him look very clever.
One of the best things about Tom is that he is extremely helpful. Last month, I lost my schoolbag on the way home. I was very worried because there were many important things in it, like my textbooks and my wallet. When Tom knew about it, he spent two hours helping me look for it. Finally, we found it under a bench in the park.
Tom is also very humorous. He often tells funny jokes to make me laugh. Whenever I'm sad or bored, he can always come up with something interesting to say. For example, he once told me a joke about a talking dog. It was so funny that I couldn't stop laughing.
In addition, Tom is very hard - working. He always does well in his studies and often helps me with my homework. He likes reading books and he knows a lot about different subjects. I really admire his knowledge.
I'm so lucky to have a friend like Tom. He is not only my best friend but also a role model for me. I hope our friendship will last forever.
1. When did Sam and Tom become friends
A. Two years ago. B. Three years ago.
C. Five years ago. D. Six years ago.
2. What does Tom look like
A. He is short and fat with long hair.
B. He is tall and thin with short black hair.
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C. He has a square face and small eyes.
D. He doesn't wear glasses.
3. Why was Sam worried last month
A. He lost his schoolbag. B. He failed in an exam.
C. He had a fight with Tom. D. He couldn't find his textbook.
4. Which of the following is TRUE about Tom
A. He never helps others.
B. He doesn't like reading books.
C. He is humorous and hard - working.
D. He is not good at his studies.
5. What's the best title for this passage
A. My School Life B. A Lost Schoolbag
C. My Best Friend - Tom D. How to Make Friends
答案：1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C
（五）寫作
以 “ My Best Friend” 為題，寫一篇短文，不少于 80 詞 。
參考范文：
My Best Friend
My best friend is Tom. I first met him three years ago at school.
Tom is taller than me. He has short brown hair and a big nose. He looks very handsome.
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Tom is very friendly and helpful. He always helps his classmates with their problems.
He is also hard - working. He studies well and often gets good grades. Besides, he is humorous. He can always tell funny stories and make us laugh.
I like Tom very much. I'm glad to have such a good friend. I hope our friendship will last forever.
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