資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures
　　　(語法項目——基本句子結構)
語境中體悟
A lot of students know each other from the primary and middle school.① They are in their “comfort zone”②， feeling they have a sense of control over their relationships.But when the first real day of high school comes, that will change③.Some students are scared.④ As a result, I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zone.⑤ Here I give them some advice.⑥ First, students should accept who they are and who they are on the road to becoming in high school.⑦Second, there are many new things every high school freshman will know.⑧ The new life will make students brave and confident.⑨
[語法入門]
①句為主謂賓狀結構；謂語是know，賓語是each other，狀語是from ...middle school；
②句為主系表結構；表語是in their “comfort zone”；
③句為主謂結構：主語是that，謂語是will change；
④句為主系表結構；表語是scared；
⑤句為主謂賓賓補結構：謂語是encourage，賓語是high school freshmen 賓補是to step ...zone；
⑥句為主謂賓賓結構：謂語是give，直接賓語是some advice，間接賓語是them；
⑦句為主謂賓結構：謂語是should accept，賓語是and連接的兩個who引導的賓語從句；
⑧句為there be句型， every high ...will know是省略that的定語從句；
⑨句為主謂賓賓補結構：謂語是will make，賓語是students，賓補是 brave and confident。
學案中理清
一、句子成分
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據各個部分在句子中所起的作用分別稱為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語。其中主語和謂語是句子的主體。
句子成分包括以下幾類：
成分 意義 位置 可充當詞
主語S(subject) 句子的主體，是謂語陳述、說明的對象，說明動作由“誰”發出 位于句首 名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、從句等
謂語V(verb) 謂語表示主語的行為或主語的特征和狀態，謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上須保持一致 主語之后 實義動詞(V)和系表結構(VP)
表語 P(predicative) 通常說明主語的身份、特征和狀態 系動詞后 名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞(短語)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)、從句等
賓語 O(object) 表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者 動詞或 介詞后 名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句等
直接賓語 DO(direct object) 表示動作的對象、承受者或后果，一般是物 動詞后 名詞(短語)、代詞
間接賓語 IO(indirect object) 表示動作是向某人或為某人做的，一般是人 動詞后 名詞、代詞
賓語補足語OC(object complement) 補充說明賓語的動作或狀態 賓語后 名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)等
定語Attr. (attributive) 修飾、限制名詞或代詞 被修飾詞的前面或后面 名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、從句等
狀語A(adverbial) 說明動作“何時、何地、如何”發生；說明形容詞或副詞的程度 位置靈活 副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、從句等
[對點練]
用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC標出句子成分
①Many students often get up early in the morning.
②He took changes from his pocket to buy a gift.
③John asked me to help him with his Chinese.
④A barking dog seldom bites.
⑤Our teacher told us an interesting story.
⑥Your father seemed angry.
二、基本句式結構
[語境自主感知]
①Everyone│laughed!
②Our school│held│a cross country running race.
③Your story│sounds│interesting.
④The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.
⑤They│usually keep│the door│open.
⑥Everything│goes│well.
⑦The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
⑧There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
[會發現](在表格的右欄填入對應的句子序號)
主語＋謂語(S＋V)
主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)
主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O)
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(S＋V＋O＋OC)
there be句型(There be ...)
主語＋謂語＋狀語(S＋V＋A)
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A)
[語法規則點撥]
句子成分構成了英語中各種各樣的句子，其實英語中最基本的句型只有八種，其他各種句型都是由這八種基本句型演變而來。八種基本句型如下：
1．主語＋謂語(S＋V)
這種簡單句的謂語部分是不及物動詞，意義很完整。這種句子沒有被動語態。
①The exchange students are registering.
這些交換生正在登記。
②We all breathe, drink and eat.
我們都要呼吸、喝水和吃飯。
2．主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O)
這種簡單句的謂語部分是及物動詞，有些不及物動詞后加上介詞也可看成一個及物動詞。
①The students are doing an experiment.
學生們正在做一個實驗。
②She usually puts off carrying out her promise.
她經常拖延履行她的諾言。
③You must listen to me.你必須聽我的。
3．主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)
這種簡單句表示主語的特征、狀態、身份等。
英語中常見的系動詞有：be動詞、感官類動詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表變化類動詞(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持類動詞(keep，stay，remain等)。可充當表語的形式有：形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、分詞(短語)和從句等。
①He became a teacher of English.
他成了一名英語教師。
②(2024·浙江1月高考寫作)Short distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great help.
短跑是一種有很大幫助的運動。
③She looked a little annoyed.
她看上去有點生氣。
4．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語叫作雙賓語)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者，間接賓語表示謂語動作的方向(對誰做)或動作的目標(為誰做)，間接賓語緊接在謂語動詞后，但它不能單獨存在，它和直接賓語組成雙賓語。雙賓語的常見結構：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb. sth.
＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sth. to sb.
(2)buy/make sb. sth.＝buy/make sth. for sb.
①My sister told me a long story.
＝My sister told a long story to me.
我姐姐給我講了一個很長的故事。
②The professor gave us an exciting lecture.
＝The professor gave an exciting lecture to us.
教授給我們做了一場激動人心的講座。
5．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓補(賓語和賓補統稱為復合賓語)(S＋V＋O＋OC)
賓補用來補充說明賓語的身份、地位或所處的狀態。可作賓補的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等。平時常見常考的賓補結構有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋賓語＋to do (作賓補)；
(2)感官動詞：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞(作賓補)；
(3)使役動詞：let＋賓語＋省略to的不定式(作賓補)；make＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/過去分詞(作賓補)；have＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞(作賓補)。
①(2024·浙江1月高考寫作)Running also makes us strengthen our bodies.
跑步還能讓我們強壯身體。
②I found his design very impressive.
我發現他的設計讓人印象很深刻。
③I found myself in a strange place.
我發現自己在一個陌生的地方。
④The guide showed all the visitors in.
導游把所有的游客都帶了進來。
[名師點津]　省略to的不定式作賓補的動詞如果變成被動語態，省掉的to要加上。
⑤I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我時常聽到她用迷人的聲音唱一首德語歌曲。
⑥She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她讓我們等她的答復等了一個多星期。
⑦I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我將把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主語＋謂語＋狀語(S＋V＋A)
①My parents live in Beijing.
我的父母住在北京。
②They are playing happily over there.
他們正在那邊玩得很開心。
③Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
見到貓，老鼠就跑了。
7．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A)
狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子，分為時間、地點、方式、比較、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步狀語。介詞短語、副詞(短語)、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞和從句都可充當狀語；狀語通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。
①He reached the station finally, only to be told the train had left.
他最后到了車站，結果被告知火車已經開走了。
②Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the lab.
后面跟著一群學生，老師走進了實驗室。
③Although he was so tired, he still helped his father pick apples on the farm.
雖然他很累，但是依然在農場幫助爸爸摘蘋果。
8．There be ...句型
①There aren't many books on the shelf.
書架上沒有多少書。
②There is a chair, two desks, and a bed in the room.
房間里有一把椅子、兩張桌子和一張床。
[名師點津]　在there be句型中，be動詞的單復數與最靠近的名詞的單復數保持一致，即遵循就近原則。
[對點練]　(翻譯句子)
①路上的汽車太多了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
②我的愛好包括旅游和游泳。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
③他家昨晚發生了火災。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)他鼓勵我繼續寫作。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑤他們所有人都很吃驚。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑥我記得你展示給我了一些那個主題的照片。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
⑦我們必須保持學校干凈。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
應用中融通
Ⅰ.寫出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分
1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.______________
2．To be or not to be is a question.______________
3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.______________
4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday.______________
5．Is he the man who wants to see you？______________
6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends.______________
7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul.______________
8．What you explained just now didn't satisfy me.______________
9．We must get together again some day.______________
10．If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.______________
Ⅱ.根據提示翻譯句子
1．校園里有幾個美麗的花園。(there be ...)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2．現在在中學里這種活動正變得很受歡迎。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3．我們尚未決定什么時候再討論這個問題。(主語＋謂語＋賓語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4．奶奶昨晚送給我一個非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5．她注意到一輛汽車撞到了附近的一棵大樹上。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6．你會發現英語容易學。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7．一切都會好起來。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8．這個新實驗確實很有趣。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅳ
學案中理清 　
一、[對點練]
①Many_students often get_up early_in_the_morning.
S　 　　 A　 V　　　　　　A　
②He took changes from_his_pocket to_buy_a_gift.
S　V　　 O　　　 　 A　　　　　A
③John asked me to_help_him_with_his_Chinese.
S　　V　 O　　　　 OC
④A_barking_dog seldom bites.
　S　 　 　 A　　V
⑤Our_teacher told us an_interesting_story.
S　　　V　IO　　DO　　
⑥Your_father seemed_angry.
　S　　　　　VP
二、[會發現]　①　③　②　④　⑤　⑧　⑥　⑦
[對點練]　①There are too many cars on the road.
②My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③A fire broke out in his home last night.
④He encouraged me to continue writing.
⑤All of them were surprised.
⑥I remember you showed me some photos on that theme.
⑦We must keep our school clean.
應用中融通　
Ⅰ.1.表語　2.主語　3.賓語補足語　4.賓語補足語　5.定語　6.賓語　7.賓語　8.主語　9.狀語　10.狀語
Ⅱ.1.There are a few beautiful gardens on campus.
2．Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.
3．We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again.
4．Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
5．She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby.
6．You will find English easy to learn.
7．Everything will be all right.
8．The new experiment was really interesting.(共74張PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Discovering Useful Structures
目 錄
(語法項目——基本句子結構)
課時跟蹤檢測
(語法項目——基本句子結構)
語境中體悟
A lot of students know each other from the primary and middle school.① They are in their “comfort zone”②， feeling they have a sense of control over their relationships.But when the first real day of high school comes, that will change③.Some students are scared.④ As a result, I encourage high school freshmen to step out of their comfort zone.⑤
Here I give them some advice.⑥ First, students should accept who they are and who they are on the road to becoming in high school.⑦Second, there are many new things every high school freshman will know.⑧ The new life will make students brave and confident.⑨
[語法入門]
①句為主謂賓狀結構；謂語是know，賓語是each other，狀語是from ...middle school；
②句為主系表結構；表語是in their “comfort zone”；
③句為主謂結構：主語是that，謂語是will change；
④句為主系表結構；表語是scared；
⑤句為主謂賓賓補結構：謂語是encourage，賓語是high school freshmen 賓補是to step ...zone；
⑥句為主謂賓賓結構：謂語是give，直接賓語是some advice，間接賓語是them；
⑦句為主謂賓結構：謂語是should accept，賓語是and連接的兩個who引導的賓語從句；
⑧句為there be句型， every high ...will know是省略that的定語從句；
⑨句為主謂賓賓補結構：謂語是will make，賓語是students，賓補是 brave and confident。
學案中理清
一、句子成分　
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據各個部分在句子中所起的作用分別稱為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語。其中主語和謂語是句子的主體。
句子成分包括以下幾類：
成分 意義 位置 可充當詞
主語 S(subject) 句子的主體，是謂語陳述、說明的對象，說明動作由“誰”發出 位于 句首 名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、從句等
謂語 V(verb) 謂語表示主語的行為或主語的特征和狀態，謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上須保持一致 主語 之后 實義動詞(V)和系表結構(VP)
表語 P(predicative) 通常說明主語的身份、特征和狀態 系動 詞后 名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、分詞(短語)、動名詞(短語)、不定式(短語)、從句等
賓語 O(object) 表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者 動詞或介詞后 名詞(短語)、代詞、數詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句等
續表
直接賓語 DO(direct object) 表示動作的對象、承受者或后果，一般是物 動詞后 名詞(短語)、代詞
間接賓語 IO(indirect object) 表示動作是向某人或為某人做的，一般是人 動詞后 名詞、代詞
賓語補足語 OC(object complement) 補充說明賓語的動作或狀態 賓語后 名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)等
續表
定語Attr. (attributive) 修飾、限制名詞或代詞 被修飾詞的前面或后面 名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、從句等
狀語 A(adverbial) 說明動作“何時、何地、如何”發生；說明形容詞或副詞的程度 位置靈活 副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、從句等
續表
[對點練]
用S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, OC標出句子成分
二、基本句式結構　
[語境自主感知]
①Everyone│laughed!
②Our school│held│a cross-country running race.
③Your story│sounds│interesting.
④The president│showed│me│her daughter's pictures.
⑤They│usually keep│the door│open.
⑥Everything│goes│well.
⑦The man│raised│his arms│above his head.
⑧There were two boys and a girl under the tree just now.
[會發現](在表格的右欄填入對應的句子序號)
主語＋謂語(S＋V) ____
主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P) ____
主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O) ____
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋V＋IO＋DO) ____
①
③
②
④
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(S＋V＋O＋OC) ____
there be句型(There be ...) ____
主語＋謂語＋狀語(S＋V＋A) ____
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A) ____
續表
⑤
⑧
⑥
⑦
[語法規則點撥]
句子成分構成了英語中各種各樣的句子，其實英語中最基本的句型只有八種，其他各種句型都是由這八種基本句型演變而來。八種基本句型如下：
1．主語＋謂語(S＋V)　
這種簡單句的謂語部分是不及物動詞，意義很完整。這種句子沒有被動語態。
①The exchange students are registering.
這些交換生正在登記。
②We all breathe, drink and eat.
我們都要呼吸、喝水和吃飯。
2．主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O)　
這種簡單句的謂語部分是及物動詞，有些不及物動詞后加上介詞也可看成一個及物動詞。
①The students are doing an experiment.
學生們正在做一個實驗。
②She usually puts off carrying out her promise.
她經常拖延履行她的諾言。
③You must listen to me.
你必須聽我的。
3．主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)　
這種簡單句表示主語的特征、狀態、身份等。
英語中常見的系動詞有：be動詞、感官類動詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表變化類動詞(get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持類動詞(keep，stay，remain等)。可充當表語的形式有：形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、分詞(短語)和從句等。
①He became a teacher of English.
他成了一名英語教師。
②(2024·浙江1月高考寫作)Short-distance running is a kind of exercise which is of great help.
短跑是一種有很大幫助的運動。
③She looked a little annoyed.
她看上去有點生氣。
4．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語叫作雙賓語)(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者，間接賓語表示謂語動作的方向(對誰做)或動作的目標(為誰做)，間接賓語緊接在謂語動詞后，但它不能單獨存在，它和直接賓語組成雙賓語。雙賓語的常見結構：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/ pay sb. sth.
＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/ pay sth. to sb.
(2)buy/make sb. sth.＝buy/make sth. for sb.
①My sister told me a long story.
＝My sister told a long story to me.
我姐姐給我講了一個很長的故事。
②The professor gave us an exciting lecture.
＝The professor gave an exciting lecture to us.
教授給我們做了一場激動人心的講座。
5．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓補(賓語和賓補統稱為復合賓語)(S＋V＋O＋OC)
賓補用來補充說明賓語的身份、地位或所處的狀態。可作賓補的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等。平時常見常考的賓補結構有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋賓語＋to do (作賓補)；
(2)感官動詞：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞(作賓補)；
(3)使役動詞：let＋賓語＋省略to的不定式(作賓補)；make＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/過去分詞(作賓補)；have＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞(作賓補)。
①(2024·浙江1月高考寫作)Running also makes us strengthen our bodies.
跑步還能讓我們強壯身體。
②I found his design very impressive.
我發現他的設計讓人印象很深刻。
③I found myself in a strange place.
我發現自己在一個陌生的地方。
④The guide showed all the visitors in.
導游把所有的游客都帶了進來。
[名師點津]　省略to的不定式作賓補的動詞如果變成被動語態，省掉的to要加上。
⑤I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我時常聽到她用迷人的聲音唱一首德語歌曲。
⑥She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她讓我們等她的答復等了一個多星期。
⑦I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我將把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主語＋謂語＋狀語(S＋V＋A)　
①My parents live in Beijing.
我的父母住在北京。
②They are playing happily over there.
他們正在那邊玩得很開心。
③Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.
見到貓，老鼠就跑了。
7．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A)
狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子，分為時間、地點、方式、比較、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步狀語。介詞短語、副詞(短語)、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞和從句都可充當狀語；狀語通常位于句末，也可位于句首和句中。
①He reached the station finally, only to be told the train had left.
他最后到了車站，結果被告知火車已經開走了。
②Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the lab.
后面跟著一群學生，老師走進了實驗室。
③Although he was so tired, he still helped his father pick apples on the farm.
雖然他很累，但是依然在農場幫助爸爸摘蘋果。
8．There be ...句型　
①There aren't many books on the shelf.
書架上沒有多少書。
②There is a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.
房間里有一把椅子、兩張桌子和一張床。
[名師點津]　在there be句型中，be動詞的單復數與最靠近的名詞的單復數保持一致，即遵循就近原則。
[對點練]　(翻譯句子)
①路上的汽車太多了。
There are too many cars on the road.
②我的愛好包括旅游和游泳。
My hobbies include travelling and swimming.
③他家昨晚發生了火災。
A fire broke out in his home last night.
④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)他鼓勵我繼續寫作。
He encouraged me to continue writing.
⑤他們所有人都很吃驚。
All of them were surprised.
⑥我記得你展示給我了一些那個主題的照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme.
⑦我們必須保持學校干凈。
We must keep our school clean.
應用中融通
Ⅰ.寫出加藍部分在句中所作的句子成分
1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital.
_____
2．To be or not to be is a question. _____
3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully.
___________
表語
主語
賓語補足語
4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. __________
5．Is he the man who wants to see you？ _____
6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends. _____
7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul. _____
8．What you explained just now didn't satisfy me. _____
9．We must get together again some day. _____
10．If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. _____
賓語補足語
定語
賓語
賓語
主語
狀語
狀語
Ⅱ.根據提示翻譯句子
1．校園里有幾個美麗的花園。(there be ...)
There are a few beautiful gardens on campus.
2．現在在中學里這種活動正變得很受歡迎。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools.
3．我們尚未決定什么時候再討論這個問題。(主語＋謂語＋賓語)
We haven't decided when to discuss the problem again.
4．奶奶昨晚送給我一個非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)
Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
5．她注意到一輛汽車撞到了附近的一棵大樹上。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby.
6．你會發現英語容易學。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
You will find English easy to learn.
7．一切都會好起來。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
Everything will be all right.
8．這個新實驗確實很有趣。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
The new experiment was really interesting.
課時跟蹤檢測
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
For my first year at Oxford, I barely said anything in tutorials (輔導課)．
We'd have 2－3 tutorials a week, each ranging from 1 to 3 hours. Some would feel informal with comfortable chairs and teas, sitting and chatting with a few friends.Others would feel more like we were being grilled for facts. In both types, I was pretty quiet. I was shy, introverted, and worried that everyone would think I was stupid.The fact is that everyone in Oxford, Harvard, Yale, etc, has felt insecure about their intelligence at some point.I didn't volunteer in discussions and, as a result, I didn't understand much. My understandings of different texts never matured or became complex.They stayed the same.And they were often wrong.
Then, somewhere in the middle of my second year, I got over myself, stopped being worried, and offered more of my own opinions.I responded to others, asked thoughtful questions, and interacted more. I always asked if I didn't understand something.Most of the time, others also didn't understand the thing I was confused about and felt happy I asked.
I went from being a passive learner and having everything go over my head to being an active learner and having tons of more information understood.In tutorials, I took notes.After tutorials, I reviewed those notes.I rewrote them.I explained new concepts to my friends in other subject areas. And I felt smarter.I went from struggling and failing to thriving and suddenly getting firsts on my essays.
Being an active student also means asking for help.So I recommend you to visit your tutor during office hours and ask for their help or ask your peers to help explain stuff to you, or get a mentor (導師) if you can.I had a PhD student mentor me once a week over coffee in my final year.It was the best thing that happened to my studies.
語篇解讀：本文主要講述了作者在牛津大學讀書的經歷——態度的轉變讓作者從一個被動的學習者變成了一個主動的學習者。
1．Which word best describes the author's academic attitude as a freshman
A．Cooperative.　　　　　 B．Inactive.
C．Serious. D．Positive.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第一段的內容，即“在牛津大學的第一年，我在輔導課上幾乎不說話”，再結合第二段中的描述可知，作者大一時候的學習態度是不積極的，故B項正確。
√
2．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 4
A．He became smarter than others.
B．He attached no importance to notes.
C．He had everything go over his head later.
D．His changed attitudes led to academic improvement.
解析：推理判斷題。第四段主要講的是作者從一個被動的學習者變成了一個主動的學習者，從掙扎和失敗到成功，由此可推知作者態度上的轉變給他帶來了學業上的進步，故D項正確。
√
3．What does the author advise us to do
A．To visit tutors at any time.
B．To get a mentor in the first year.
C．To ask our peers for help if necessary.
D．To learn everything from smart people.
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“So I recommend you ... stuff to you”可知，作者建議在辦公時間向導師求助或者向同伴尋求幫助，故C項正確。
√
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．How Did I Ask for Help
B．How Did I Get over Myself
C．How Did I Become an Active Learner
D．How Did I Become a Smart Student
解析：標題歸納題。本文主要講述了作者在牛津大學讀書的經歷——態度的轉變讓作者從一個被動的學習者變成了一個主動的學習者，故C項正確。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空
I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.I was 5 that I would spend my first day in senior high school.
On Monday I was 6 for my first day of senior high school.My backpack was 7 with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.I hoped the first day of senior high school would go 8 .Finally the first day of school 9 .
As I walked into the classroom, I saw my first class was 10 .I didn't do well in math.Doing math at first in the morning could be 11 .I was surprised at what the math teacher said, “ 12 wherever you'd like.There are no fixed seats in math class.” My math teacher was 13 very nice, and I like her from the start.My next class was English.My English teacher was Ms Popstar.She was so knowledgeable that we 14 her.After lunch I had a biology class, I figured the day was closing out and I didn't feel too 15 about senior high school.
I knew this year was going to be a 16 because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult.I would 17 my classes.There were many fun and unknown things for me to 18 in senior high school.I 19 some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者第一天去上高中的經歷，既興奮又焦慮，對未來高中生活充滿了希望和期待。
5．A.careless B．nervous
C．annoyed D．amazed
解析：根據前文“I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.”可知，作者對第一天的高中生活感到緊張。
√
6．A. preparing B．looking
C．asking D．calling
解析：根據下文“My backpack was with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.”可知，作者是為第一天的上學做準備。
√
7．A.satisfied B．disappointed
C．impressed D．filled
解析：根據下文“materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on”可知，這些文具填滿了書包。
√
8．A.suitable B．advanced
C．perfect D．expert
解析：根據前文的“On Monday I was ...and so on.”可知，作者希望高中的第一天會過得很順利。
√
9．A.passed B．missed
C．improved D．arrived
解析：根據前文的“Finally”以及作者做的準備可知，開學第一天終于來了。
√
10．A.Chinese B．math
C．PE D．physics
解析：根據下文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，作者的第一節課是數學。
√
11．A. tiring B．doubtful
C．unique D．informal
解析：根據前文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，數學課讓作者感到疲勞。
√
12．A.Stand B．Leave
C．Sit D．Play
解析：根據下文“There are no fixed seats in math class”可知，老師讓同學們隨意坐下。
√
13．A. actually B．secretly
C．officially D．partly
解析：根據下文“I like her from the start”可知，作者的數學老師確實非常好。
√
14．A.tested B．cheated
C．admired D．helped
解析：根據前文“She was so knowledgeable”可知，作者非常敬佩英語老師。
√
15．A.strange B．dangerous
C．wonderful D．bad
解析：根據下文“I some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.”可知，作者這一天過得還不錯。
√
16．A.job B．change
C．plan D．goal
解析：根據下文“because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult”可知，作者成為高中生逐漸成長為大人， 這是一個巨大的改變。
√
17．A.give up B．concentrate on
C．believe in D．carry out
解析：根據下文“There were many fun and unknown things for me to in senior high school.”可知，作者需要集中精力專心上課。
√
18．A.recommend B．exchange
C．explore D．support
解析：根據前文“There were many fun and unknown things”可知，作者有很多事情去探索。
√
19．A. met B．recognised
C．tracked D．greeted
解析：根據前文“some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day”可知，作者在第一天遇到了很多新同學和新老師。
√
Ⅲ.語法填空
A few months ago, I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to 1 new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn't speak English 2 (fluent), and I also couldn't understand 3 (they) customs. Everything was different 4 my own country. I had to deal with everything alone.
It was a sad moment 5 I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. Suddenly, I felt unwilling 6 (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful 7 (memory) of the familiar place. However, I know 8 (study) abroad was a decision that I made myself. I had to accept the challenge.
By now I 9 (get) used to the new life here already, though I'm looking forward to 10 (spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者回顧了幾個月前離開家鄉到加拿大學習時的感受。
1．a　考查不定冠詞。句中不定冠詞a修飾new place，表示泛指。
2．fluently　考查副詞。句中應該使用副詞fluently作狀語修飾動詞speak。
3．their　考查代詞。句中名詞customs前面應該使用形容詞性物主代詞作定語，所以要填their。
4．from　考查介詞。be different from意為“和……不同”。
5．when　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞是a sad moment，定語從句缺少時間狀語，要用關系副詞when引導定語從句。
6．to leave　考查非謂語動詞。be/feel unwilling to do sth.“不愿意做某事”。
7．memories　考查名詞復數。memory意為“回憶，記憶”時為可數名詞，句中應該使用復數形式表示“我”有很多美好回憶。
8．studying　考查非謂語動詞。作主語應用動名詞，故填studying。
9．have got　考查時態。句中時間狀語By now要和現在完成時連用，所以要填have got。
10．spending　考查動名詞。look forward to意為“期待”，其中to是介詞，后面要接動名詞作賓語，所以填spending。WELCOME UNIT　課時檢測(四)　Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
For my first year at Oxford, I barely said anything in tutorials (輔導課)．
We'd have 2－3 tutorials a week, each ranging from 1 to 3 hours. Some would feel informal with comfortable chairs and teas, sitting and chatting with a few friends.Others would feel more like we were being grilled for facts. In both types, I was pretty quiet. I was shy, introverted, and worried that everyone would think I was stupid.The fact is that everyone in Oxford, Harvard, Yale, etc, has felt insecure about their intelligence at some point.I didn't volunteer in discussions and, as a result, I didn't understand much. My understandings of different texts never matured or became complex.They stayed the same.And they were often wrong.
Then, somewhere in the middle of my second year, I got over myself, stopped being worried, and offered more of my own opinions.I responded to others, asked thoughtful questions, and interacted more. I always asked if I didn't understand something.Most of the time, others also didn't understand the thing I was confused about and felt happy I asked.
I went from being a passive learner and having everything go over my head to being an active learner and having tons of more information understood.In tutorials, I took notes.After tutorials, I reviewed those notes.I rewrote them.I explained new concepts to my friends in other subject areas. And I felt smarter.I went from struggling and failing to thriving and suddenly getting firsts on my essays.
Being an active student also means asking for help.So I recommend you to visit your tutor during office hours and ask for their help or ask your peers to help explain stuff to you, or get a mentor (導師) if you can.I had a PhD student mentor me once a week over coffee in my final year.It was the best thing that happened to my studies.
1．Which word best describes the author's academic attitude as a freshman
A．Cooperative.　　　　 B．Inactive.
C．Serious. D．Positive.
2．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 4
A．He became smarter than others.
B．He attached no importance to notes.
C．He had everything go over his head later.
D．His changed attitudes led to academic improvement.
3．What does the author advise us to do
A．To visit tutors at any time.
B．To get a mentor in the first year.
C．To ask our peers for help if necessary.
D．To learn everything from smart people.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．How Did I Ask for Help
B．How Did I Get over Myself
C．How Did I Become an Active Learner
D．How Did I Become a Smart Student
Ⅱ.完形填空
I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.I was __5__ that I would spend my first day in senior high school.
On Monday I was __6__ for my first day of senior high school.My backpack was __7__ with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.I hoped the first day of senior high school would go __8__.Finally the first day of school __9__.As I walked into the classroom, I saw my first class was __10__.I didn't do well in math.Doing math at first in the morning could be __11__.I was surprised at what the math teacher said, “__12__ wherever you'd like.There are no fixed seats in math class.” My math teacher was __13__ very nice, and I like her from the start.My next class was English.My English teacher was Ms Popstar.She was so knowledgeable that we __14__ her.After lunch I had a biology class, I figured the day was closing out and I didn't feel too __15__ about senior high school.
I knew this year was going to be a __16__ because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult.I would __17__ my classes.There were many fun and unknown things for me to __18__ in senior high school.I __19__ some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.,5.A.careless B．nervous
C．annoyed D．amazed
6．A.preparing B．looking
C．asking D．calling
7．A.satisfied B．disappointed
C．impressed D．filled
8．A.suitable B．advanced
C．perfect D．expert
9．A.passed B．missed
C．improved D．arrived
10．A.Chinese B．math
C．PE D．physics
11．A.tiring B．doubtful
C．unique D．informal
12．A.Stand B．Leave
C．Sit D．Play
13．A.actually B．secretly
C．officially D．partly
14．A.tested B．cheated
C．admired D．helped
15．A.strange B．dangerous
C．wonderful D．bad
16．A.job B．change
C．plan D．goal
17．A.give up B．concentrate on
C．believe in D．carry out
18．A.recommend B．exchange
C．explore D．support
19．A.met B．recognised
C．tracked D．greeted
Ⅲ.語法填空
A few months ago, I left my hometown for Canada to study. I felt nervous because I was going to __1__ new place with new people. What worried me at first was that I couldn't speak English __2__ (fluent), and I also couldn't understand __3__ (they) customs. Everything was different __4__ my own country. I had to deal with everything alone.
It was a sad moment __5__ I had to say goodbye to my family and friends at the airport. Suddenly, I felt unwilling __6__ (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful __7__ (memory) of the familiar place. However, I know __8__ (study) abroad was a decision that I made myself. I had to accept the challenge.
By now I __9__ (get) used to the new life here already, though I'm looking forward to __10__ (spend) the coming vacation with my old friends back home.
WELCOME UNIT　課時檢測(四)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
語篇解讀：本文主要講述了作者在牛津大學讀書的經歷——態度的轉變讓作者從一個被動的學習者變成了一個主動的學習者。
1．選B　推理判斷題。根據第一段的內容，即“在牛津大學的第一年，我在輔導課上幾乎不說話”，再結合第二段中的描述可知，作者大一時候的學習態度是不積極的，故B項正確。
2．選D　推理判斷題。第四段主要講的是作者從一個被動的學習者變成了一個主動的學習者，從掙扎和失敗到成功，由此可推知作者態度上的轉變給他帶來了學業上的進步，故D項正確。
3．選C　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“So I recommend you ...stuff to you”可知，作者建議在辦公時間向導師求助或者向同伴尋求幫助，故C項正確。
4．選C　標題歸納題。本文主要講述了作者在牛津大學讀書的經歷——態度的轉變讓作者從一個被動的學習者變成了一個主動的學習者，故C項正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者第一天去上高中的經歷，既興奮又焦慮，對未來高中生活充滿了希望和期待。
5．選B　根據前文“I knew that my first day of senior high school would be challenging.”可知，作者對第一天的高中生活感到緊張。
6．選A　根據下文“My backpack was ______ with materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on.”可知，作者是為第一天的上學做準備。
7．選D　根據下文“materials I needed, such as pencils, notebooks and so on”可知，這些文具填滿了書包。
8．選C　根據前文的“On Monday I was ...and so on.”可知，作者希望高中的第一天會過得很順利。
9．選D　根據前文的“Finally”以及作者做的準備可知，開學第一天終于來了。
10．選B　根據下文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，作者的第一節課是數學。
11．選A　根據前文的“I didn't do well in math.”可知，數學課讓作者感到疲勞。
12．選C　根據下文“There are no fixed seats in math class”可知，老師讓同學們隨意坐下。
13．選A　根據下文“I like her from the start”可知，作者的數學老師確實非常好。
14．選C　根據前文“She was so knowledgeable”可知，作者非常敬佩英語老師。
15．選D　根據下文“I ________ some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day.”可知，作者這一天過得還不錯。
16．選B　根據下文“because I started to realize that I was growing up to be an adult”可知，作者成為高中生逐漸成長為大人， 這是一個巨大的改變。
17．選B　根據下文“There were many fun and unknown things for me to ________ in senior high school.”可知，作者需要集中精力專心上課。
18．選C　根據前文“There were many fun and unknown things”可知，作者有很多事情去探索。
19．選A　根據前文“some new friends and new teachers that were so nice and welcoming on the first day”可知，作者在第一天遇到了很多新同學和新老師。
Ⅲ.語法填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者回顧了幾個月前離開家鄉到加拿大學習時的感受。
1．a　考查不定冠詞。句中不定冠詞a修飾new place，表示泛指。
2．fluently　考查副詞。句中應該使用副詞fluently作狀語修飾動詞speak。
3．their　考查代詞。句中名詞customs前面應該使用形容詞性物主代詞作定語，所以要填their。
4．from　考查介詞。be different from意為“和……不同”。
5．when　考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導定語從句，先行詞是a sad moment，定語從句缺少時間狀語，要用關系副詞when引導定語從句。
6．to leave　考查非謂語動詞。be/feel unwilling to do sth.“不愿意做某事”。
7．memories　考查名詞復數。memory意為“回憶，記憶”時為可數名詞，句中應該使用復數形式表示“我”有很多美好回憶。
8．studying　考查非謂語動詞。作主語應用動名詞，故填studying。
9．have got　考查時態。句中時間狀語By now要和現在完成時連用，所以要填have got。
10．spending　考查動名詞。look forward to意為“期待”，其中to是介詞，后面要接動名詞作賓語，所以填spending。

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