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Section Ⅲ　　Learning About Language
語法項(xiàng)目——非限制性定語從句
Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but a key event occurred one day in 1976, when②he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering.This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many.
[語法入門]
①who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Rowan Atkinson；
②when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞1976；
③which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的整個(gè)句子；
④where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 Oxford；
⑤“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，其中which指代先行詞fast cars，介詞of和從句中的賓語many搭配，構(gòu)成many of fast cars。
一、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
[先感知]
①(教材典句)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
②(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer term rental period.
③(2023·全國乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast paced development of modern life, with 21st century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]
①句中where引導(dǎo)______________定語從句，先行詞是Hainan。
②句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是________________。
③句中which/that引導(dǎo)__________定語從句，先行詞是a place。
[明規(guī)則]
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
意義 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，從句不可省略，否則原句句意不完整 僅作補(bǔ)充或說明，若去掉從句，主句意思仍然完整
結(jié)構(gòu)要求 緊跟先行詞，從句與先行詞之間不加逗號(hào) 用逗號(hào)與先行詞或主句隔開
功能 修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞 修飾名詞/代詞或整個(gè)主句
引導(dǎo)詞 所有的關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞 that及why之外的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞
　　
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　(完成句子)
①(2023·全國甲卷書面表達(dá))There used to be a famous educator, __________________ Chinese society.
曾經(jīng)有一位著名的教育家，他給中國社會(huì)留下了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
②(2023·浙江1月高考寫作)It was a valuable and enriching experience, _________________.這是一次寶貴而充實(shí)的經(jīng)歷，從中我們學(xué)到了很多植物方面的知識(shí)。
③(2023·浙江1月高考寫作)Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, ________________________educating us more about daily biology.
上周末，我參加了學(xué)生會(huì)舉辦的一個(gè)活動(dòng)，旨在教育我們更多關(guān)于日常生物學(xué)的知識(shí)。
④They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, ____________________________.
他們在山區(qū)欣賞了美景，在那里他們還爬了山。
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ______________________________.
我們將把去公園野餐的時(shí)間推遲到下周，那個(gè)時(shí)候天氣可能會(huì)更好一些。
二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞
[先感知]
①People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
②We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]
(1)①②句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中作____________________________________________。
(2)③④句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中作______，when 和where可以用________________替換。
[明規(guī)則]
關(guān)系詞 先行詞 在從句中作的成分
關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語/賓語
whom 人 賓語
which 物/整個(gè)主句 主語/賓語
whose (＝of whom或of which) 人/物 定語
as 人/物/整個(gè)主句 主語/賓語
關(guān)系副詞 when 時(shí)間名詞 時(shí)間狀語
where 通常是地點(diǎn)名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]
(1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (紀(jì)念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford upon Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
②Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding，__________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
③My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school, __________， for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④(2024·全國甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell Saint Elias in southern Alaska, __________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
(2)完成句子
⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, ________________________ for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
大多數(shù)學(xué)生對(duì)這次展覽評(píng)價(jià)很高，它為他們探索中國藝術(shù)之美提供了一個(gè)平臺(tái)。
⑥For example, we are taking advantage of various online courses for further study, __________________________ anywhere and at any time.
例如，我們利用各種在線課程進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)，在線課程讓我們隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)。
⑦We will go swimming on Sunday, ______________________________________.
我們將在周日去游泳，那個(gè)時(shí)候天氣可能會(huì)更暖和一些。
三、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
[先感知]
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now.
[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]
(1)①②句中的定語從句由__________引導(dǎo)，位置比較靈活。
(2)③句中的定語從句由which引導(dǎo)，只能放在__________。
[明規(guī)則]
as which
指代 只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容 既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后
意義 正如，正像 這一點(diǎn)，這件事
功能 連接上下文，表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等 引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句
[名師點(diǎn)津]
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (這是常有的事)等。
①We must believe in ourselves, which is the most important in our life.我們必須要相信自己，這是我們生活中最重要的。
②As you know, teachers always put the needs of students above anything else.正如你所知道的，老師總是會(huì)把學(xué)生的需要放在首位。
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　(選詞填空：as/which)
①(2023·全國甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, __________ made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, __________ is often the case in science.
④__________ we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
Ⅰ.填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞
1．Chinese athletes won 201 gold medals at the Asian Games in Hangzhou, __________ made us very excited.
2．The School English Arts Festival provided us with a platform, __________ we can showcase our talents.
3．He, __________ was born in Nanjing, is one of the most famous medical scientists in the 21st century.
4．Xi'an, ________ history is as long as 3,000 years, is one of the few cities with city walls.
5．The pictures often take him back to the years __________ he worked as a resident doctor.
6．The first one is the memorable Chinese knot, __________stands for friendship, love and good luck.
7．__________ Tan once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
8．Afterwards, it was my turn to give a small lecture, in __________ I extended my thanks to my mom and friends, bowing to them several times.
9．This is the reason __________ he does not identify happiness with money.
10．He was about five __________ they went there to see the world's largest baseball bat.
Ⅱ.語法與寫作
1．__________________________________， “Don't fail to do good even if it's small.”
正如中國諺語所說：“勿以善小而不為。”
2．He is my favorite athlete, ________________________________， _____________.
他是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他不僅是一名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，而且是一個(gè)有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
3．Sewing is one of my favourite courses, __________________________________， such as sewing a button and knitting a scarf.
縫紉是我最喜歡的課程之一，我從中獲得了一些基本的生活技能，比如縫紐扣和織圍巾。
4．I will spare no effort to study at university until my graduation, ____________________ in a hospital in our city.
我將在大學(xué)不遺余力地學(xué)習(xí)，直到我畢業(yè)，之后我希望在我們市的醫(yī)院當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
5．When it comes to English learning, it is efficiency that fuels our progress, ______________
___________________________________________________________________________.
說到英語學(xué)習(xí)，效率是我們進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力，它的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。
Section Ⅲ
學(xué)案中理清
一、[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]　①非限制性　②less formal clothing　③限制性
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　①who left a profound impact on
②from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants
③which was aimed at
④where they also did some climbing
⑤when the weather may be better
二、[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]　(1)主語　(2)狀語　介詞＋關(guān)系代詞
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　①who　②where　③when　④which
⑤which provides a platform
⑥which allow us to learn knowledge
⑦when/on which the weather may be warmer
三、[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]　(1)as　(2)主句之后
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　①as 　②which　③as　④As
應(yīng)用中融通
Ⅰ.1.which　2.where　3.who　4.whose　5.when/in which　6.which 　7.As　8.which　9.why　10.when
Ⅱ.1.As the Chinese saying goes
2．who is not only a top A student; but also a talented athlete　3.where I gained some essential life skills
4．a(chǎn)fter which I hope to serve as a doctor
5．whose significance can never be overemphasized
5 / 5(共68張PPT)
Learning About Language
語法項(xiàng)目——非限制性定語從句
Section Ⅲ
語境中體悟
學(xué)案中理清
應(yīng)用中融通
課時(shí)跟蹤檢測
Contents 目錄
01
02
03
04
01
語境中體悟
Rowan Atkinson is an English comedian, who① is famous for the character Mr Bean.As early as primary school, Rowan had already shown a talent for acting, but a key event occurred one day in 1976, when②he was playing around and pulling a face in the mirror, which③ helped him find his comedy talent.Rowan ever studied at Oxford, where④ he obtained his master's degree in electrical engineering.This may explain why he loves fast cars, of which⑤ he has many.
[語法入門]
①who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Rowan Atkinson；
②when引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞1976；
③which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的整個(gè)句子；
④where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 Oxford；
⑤“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，其中which指代先行詞fast cars，介詞of和從句中的賓語many搭配，構(gòu)成many of fast cars。
02
學(xué)案中理清
一、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
[先感知]
①(教材典句)In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
②(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period.
③(2023·全國乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]
①句中where引導(dǎo)__________定語從句，先行詞是Hainan。
②句中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是_______________
________。
③句中which/that引導(dǎo)________定語從句，先行詞是a place。
非限制性
less formal
clothing
限制性
[明規(guī)則]
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
意義 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，從句不可省略，否則原句句意不完整 僅作補(bǔ)充或說明，若去掉從句，主句意思仍然完整
結(jié)構(gòu)要求 緊跟先行詞，從句與先行詞之間不加逗號(hào) 用逗號(hào)與先行詞或主句隔開
功能 修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞 修飾名詞/代詞或整個(gè)主句
引導(dǎo)詞 所有的關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞 that及why之外的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　(完成句子)
①(2023·全國甲卷書面表達(dá))There used to be a famous educator, ___________________________ Chinese society.
曾經(jīng)有一位著名的教育家，他給中國社會(huì)留下了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
②(2023·浙江1月高考寫作)It was a valuable and enriching experience,___________________________________________.這是一次寶貴而充實(shí)的經(jīng)歷，從中我們學(xué)到了很多植物方面的知識(shí)。
who left a profound impact on
from which we learnt a lot of knowledge of plants
③(2023·浙江1月高考寫作)Last weekend, I took part in an event held by the Students' Union, ____________________ educating us more about daily biology.
上周末，我參加了學(xué)生會(huì)舉辦的一個(gè)活動(dòng)，旨在教育我們更多關(guān)于日常生物學(xué)的知識(shí)。
④They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, ________
_________________________.
他們在山區(qū)欣賞了美景，在那里他們還爬了山。
which was aimed at
where
they also did some climbing
⑤We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________
___________________.
我們將把去公園野餐的時(shí)間推遲到下周，那個(gè)時(shí)候天氣可能會(huì)更好一些。
when the
weather may be better
二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞　
[先感知]
①People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
②We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.
③We will go fishing next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy.
④Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]
(1)①②句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中作______。
(2)③④句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中作_______，when 和where可以用________________替換。
主語
狀語
介詞＋關(guān)系代詞
[明規(guī)則]
關(guān)系詞 先行詞 在從句中作的成分
關(guān)系 代詞 who 人 主語/賓語
whom 人 賓語
which 物/整個(gè)主句 主語/賓語
whose (＝of whom 或of which) 人/物 定語
as 人/物/整個(gè)主句 主語/賓語
關(guān)系副詞 when 時(shí)間名詞 時(shí)間狀語
where 通常是地點(diǎn)名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]
(1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空
①(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (紀(jì)念) Tang Xianzu, _______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
②Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, ________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
who
where
③My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,_______, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
④(2024·全國甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
when
which
(2)完成句子
⑤Most of the students think highly of this exhibition, ________________________for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
大多數(shù)學(xué)生對(duì)這次展覽評(píng)價(jià)很高，它為他們探索中國藝術(shù)之美提供了一個(gè)平臺(tái)。
which provides a platform
⑥For example, we are taking advantage of various online courses for further study, ________________________________anywhere and at any time.
例如，我們利用各種在線課程進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)，在線課程讓我們隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)。
⑦We will go swimming on Sunday, __________________________
_______________.
我們將在周日去游泳，那個(gè)時(shí)候天氣可能會(huì)更暖和一些。
which allow us to learn knowledge
when/on which the weather
may be warmer
三、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別
[先感知]
①As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
②The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
③Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now.
[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]
(1)①②句中的定語從句由____ 引導(dǎo)，位置比較靈活。
(2)③句中的定語從句由which引導(dǎo)，只能放在__________。
as
主句之后
[明規(guī)則]
as which
指代 只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容 既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 只能位于主句之后
意義 正如，正像 這一點(diǎn)，這件事
功能 連接上下文，表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處等 引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句
[名師點(diǎn)津]
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其后常接expect, know, report, say, see等動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：as was expected (不出所料), as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的), as is often the case (這是常有的事)等。
①We must believe in ourselves, which is the most important in our life.我們必須要相信自己，這是我們生活中最重要的。
②As you know, teachers always put the needs of students above anything else.正如你所知道的，老師總是會(huì)把學(xué)生的需要放在首位。　　
[對(duì)點(diǎn)練]　(選詞填空：as/which)
①(2023·全國甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
②Really, the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, _______ made my dad in trouble.
③There is no simple answer, ____ is often the case in science.
④______we all know, he is a gifted pianist.
as
which
as
As
03
應(yīng)用中融通
Ⅰ.填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞
1．Chinese athletes won 201 gold medals at the Asian Games in Hangzhou, ______made us very excited.
2．The School English Arts Festival provided us with a platform, ________ we can showcase our talents.
3．He, ______ was born in Nanjing, is one of the most famous medical scientists in the 21st century.
which
where
who
4．Xi'an, _______ history is as long as 3,000 years, is one of the few cities with city walls.
5．The pictures often take him back to the years _______________he worked as a resident doctor.
6．The first one is the memorable Chinese knot, ________ stands for friendship, love and good luck.
7．______ Tan once said，Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.
whose
when/in which
which
As
8．Afterwards, it was my turn to give a small lecture, in _______I extended my thanks to my mom and friends, bowing to them several times.
9．This is the reason ______ he does not identify happiness with money.
10．He was about five _______ they went there to see the world's largest baseball bat.
which
why
when
Ⅱ.語法與寫作
1．_________________________, “Don't fail to do good even if it's small.”
正如中國諺語所說：“勿以善小而不為。”
2．He is my favorite athlete, ____________________________,
______________________.
他是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他不僅是一名優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，而且是一個(gè)有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
As the Chinese saying goes
who is not only a top A student
but also a talented athlete
3．Sewing is one of my favourite courses, ____________________
_________________, such as sewing a button and knitting a scarf.
縫紉是我最喜歡的課程之一，我從中獲得了一些基本的生活技能，比如縫紐扣和織圍巾。
4．I will spare no effort to study at university until my graduation, ___________________________________in a hospital in our city.
我將在大學(xué)不遺余力地學(xué)習(xí)，直到我畢業(yè)，之后我希望在我們市的醫(yī)院當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
where I gained some
essential life skills
after which I hope to serve as a doctor
5．When it comes to English learning, it is efficiency that fuels our progress,____________________________________________.
說到英語學(xué)習(xí)，效率是我們進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力，它的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。
whose significance can never be overemphasized
04
課時(shí)跟蹤檢測
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Failure isn't the end, unless you let it be.Don't believe me Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.
Walt Disney
Disney began his career by being fired by a newspaper for not being creative enough.Later, his Mickey Mouse cartoons were rejected because they were considered to be “too scary for women”．Also, The Three Little Pigs was turned down because it only had four characters.Thankfully, we have the Disney Company today because Disney chose not to listen to any of his critics and press forward towards his dreams.
Stephen King
King is a best-selling writer whose work has been made into several motion pictures.However, his first work was rejected 30 times, which led to King throwing it in the trash.Thankfully, his wife persuaded him to keep working at it, and — from that poor start — Carrie was born.
Milton Hershey
The man who blessed us with the sweet milk chocolate treat we all love wasn't a hit the first time around.He once worked for a local candy factory.But when he went out on his own, he failed miserably.Then he returned to the family farm and perfected the art of making delicious milk chocolate candy, which we enjoy today.
Theodor Geisel
This author struggled to write a novel that publishing companies would call “pure rubbish” several times — 27 to be exact.The man just wouldn't quit, though.One fateful night, he ran into an old friend who was a children's literature editor.The friend agreed to publish Geisel's work.Better known today as Dr.Seuss, Geisel was never again called a failure after his first book became a hit.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四位名人的經(jīng)歷，這四個(gè)人在獲得成功之前都遭遇了失敗。
1．Why is the Disney Company known to us nowadays
A．Disney was rejected many times.
B．Disney improved his works later.
C．Disney got fired and began his career.
D．Disney ignored critics and fought for his dreams.
√
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Walt Disney部分中“Thankfully, we have the Disney Company ...towards his dreams.”可知，今天我們都知道迪士尼公司是因?yàn)镈isney沒有聽取任何批評(píng)家的意見，堅(jiān)持為夢想而奮斗。
2．What is Milton Hershey famous for today
A．His big family farm.
B．His successful art career.
C．His delicious milk chocolate candy.
D．His experience in making milk chocolate.
√
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Milton Hershey部分中“The man who blessed us with ...which we enjoy today.”可知，Milton Hershey出名的原因是他所制作的美味的牛奶巧克力糖。
3．What do the people mentioned in the text have in common
A．They have a gift for making money.
B．They suffered several defeats on the path to success.
C．They are creative and highly educated.
D．They were successful at the very start.
√
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.”可知，文章主要介紹了四位名人的經(jīng)歷，這四個(gè)人在獲得成功之前都遭遇了失敗。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (納米技術(shù)專家) and assistant professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain diseases that _____ the minds of millions of people worldwide.
4
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early_____.Her courage as a researcher comes from her ______， who as a young woman went against social norms (規(guī)范) in her village by _____to fund her own education.Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest in ______.Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his ______， fashioning devices to make home life more _______， including an electricity-free washing machine.“That got me very _______ in science and technology，” Sarkar says.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
After ______ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar ______ California to study nanoelectronics.There, she tested new ways to ______ nanodevices that could reduce the amount of ______ consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. ________，she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
12
13
14
15
16
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the _______， which she calls “the lowest energy computer”．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are ________， but we could be better than what we are，” she says.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹的是納米技術(shù)專家薩卡爾的成長經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就。
17
18
4．A.enrich B．read
C．a(chǎn)ffect D．poison
√
解析：根據(jù)“She is conducting her research on brain diseases”及“the minds of millions of people worldwide”可知，這種疾病正在影響數(shù)百萬人的大腦。
5．A.birds B．researchers
C．failures D．inspirations
√
解析：根據(jù)“Sarkar credits both of her parents as early”及下文“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest”可知，薩卡爾認(rèn)為父母是她早期的靈感來源，給了她啟發(fā)。
6．A.aunt B．mother
C．sister D．grandmother
√
解析：根據(jù)“who as a young woman went against social norms(規(guī)范) in her village by _______ to fund her own education”可知，這一句描述薩卡爾的母親在年輕時(shí)做的事情。
7．A.working B．pretending
C．refusing D．waiting
√
解析：根據(jù)“to fund her own education”可知，薩卡爾的母親在年輕時(shí)沒有遵循社會(huì)規(guī)范，而是努力賺錢以供自己接受教育。
8．A.politics B．history
C．engineering D．sport
√
解析：根據(jù)下文“including an electricity-free washing machine”及“After _________ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”可知，父親使薩卡爾喜歡上了工程學(xué)。
9．A.job B．holiday
C．discomfort D．passion
√
解析：根據(jù)“fashioning devices to make home life more _________， including an electricity-free washing machine”可知，父親會(huì)騰出時(shí)間來研究自己的愛好。
10．A.complex B．convenient
C．peaceful D．meaningful
√
解析：根據(jù)“fashioning devices to make home life more”可知，父親制作設(shè)備是為了讓家庭生活更方便。
11．A.interested B．honest
C．lucky D．disappointed
√
解析：根據(jù)上文“Sarkar's father inspired her interest in________”可知，父親激發(fā)了薩卡爾對(duì)科技的興趣。
12．A.starting B．earning
C．needing D．introducing
√
解析：根據(jù)“Sarkar ________ California to study nanoelectronics”可知，薩卡爾在印度獲得了學(xué)位后，繼續(xù)去美國學(xué)習(xí)納米電子學(xué)。
13．A.adapted to B．related to
C．headed to D．belonged to
√
解析：根據(jù)“After ________a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”及“California to study nanoelectronics”可知，此處表示前往美國學(xué)習(xí)深造。
14．A.create B．fix
C．operate D．sell
√
解析：根據(jù)“she tested new ways”可知，薩卡爾測試了制造納米器件的新方法。
15．A.water B．money
C．power D．time
√
解析：根據(jù)“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)和其他日常電子產(chǎn)品需要電力來驅(qū)動(dòng)。
16．A.Unfortunately B．Immediately
C．Obviously D．Eventually
√
解析：根據(jù)“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice”可知，最終，她取得了突破。
17．A.computer B．brain
C．exercise D．fashion
√
解析：根據(jù)“which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains”可知，此處“最低能量的計(jì)算機(jī)”指的是人腦。
18．A.empty B．busy
C．relaxed D．remarkable
√
解析：根據(jù)“but we could be better than what we are”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，人腦的潛力無限大，所以是非凡的。
Ⅲ.語法填空(15分)
Shen Kuo was an excellent scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty.He was an all-round scholar of astronomy, literature, physics, chemistry, calendars, geology, meteorology 19._______medical science.He was also an outstanding engineer and excellent military strategist.He even made a great contribution 20. _______ art and literature.So Shen Kuo was well known for being 21. _______ (knowledge) in ancient China.
Meng Xi Bi Tan, Shen Kuo's famous scientific work, 22. _______ (complete) between 1086 and 1093.In the book, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when 23. _______ (travel) through the country, such as giant clams in the South China Sea, crocodiles in Chaozhou, Chinese wolfberries in the northwest of China and jerboas in the desert of northern China.The book also introduced 24. _______ (method) of killing insect pests.
Shen Kuo pointed out in Meng Xi Bi Tan that human beings had pharynxes (咽) and larynxes (喉), with pharynxes for food and larynxes for ventilation (換氣)．He also 25. _______ (have) great knowledge about fossils (化石)．When visiting the Taihang Mountain, 26. _______ is located in Shanxi Province, he discovered fossilized seashells and noted the presence of stones like those often 27. _______ (find) on the seashore, leading him to conclude that Shanxi had been located by the sea in the distant past.
Meng Xi Bi Tan was 28. _______ (wide) regarded as an important scientific work in ancient China.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北宋杰出的科學(xué)家沈括以及他的著作《夢溪筆談》。
19．a(chǎn)nd　考查連詞。句意：他是一位通曉天文學(xué)、文學(xué)、物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、歷法、地質(zhì)學(xué)、氣象學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的全才。根據(jù)句意可知，此處前后是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。
20．to　考查介詞。短語make a contribution to sth.意為“為某事做出貢獻(xiàn)”。
21．knowledgeable　考查形容詞。作表語，表示“博學(xué)的”，應(yīng)用形容詞knowledgeable。
22．was completed　考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子可知，空處與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以此處要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)后文between 1086 and 1093可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填was completed。
23．traveling/travelling　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，travel和其邏輯主語he為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填traveling/travelling。
24．methods　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。method意為“方法”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，空格前沒有限定詞，所以此處要用該名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填methods。
25．had　考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，本句描述的是過去的事，所以此處要用該動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)。故填had。
26．which　考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the Taihang Mountain，指物，且在從句中作主語，故填which。
27．found　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，find和邏輯主語those構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用過去分詞作后置定語。故填found。
28．widely　考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞regard，所以要用副詞widely。UNIT 1　課時(shí)檢測(三)　Learning About Language
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
Failure isn't the end, unless you let it be.Don't believe me Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.
Walt Disney
Disney began his career by being fired by a newspaper for not being creative enough.Later, his Mickey Mouse cartoons were rejected because they were considered to be “too scary for women”．Also, The Three Little Pigs was turned down because it only had four characters.Thankfully, we have the Disney Company today because Disney chose not to listen to any of his critics and press forward towards his dreams.
Stephen King
King is a best selling writer whose work has been made into several motion pictures.However, his first work was rejected 30 times, which led to King throwing it in the trash.Thankfully, his wife persuaded him to keep working at it, and — from that poor start — Carrie was born.
Milton Hershey
The man who blessed us with the sweet milk chocolate treat we all love wasn't a hit the first time around.He once worked for a local candy factory.But when he went out on his own, he failed miserably.Then he returned to the family farm and perfected the art of making delicious milk chocolate candy, which we enjoy today.
Theodor Geisel
This author struggled to write a novel that publishing companies would call “pure rubbish” several times — 27 to be exact.The man just wouldn't quit, though.One fateful night, he ran into an old friend who was a children's literature editor.The friend agreed to publish Geisel's work.Better known today as Dr.Seuss, Geisel was never again called a failure after his first book became a hit.
1．Why is the Disney Company known to us nowadays
A．Disney was rejected many times.
B．Disney improved his works later.
C．Disney got fired and began his career.
D．Disney ignored critics and fought for his dreams.
2．What is Milton Hershey famous for today
A．His big family farm.
B．His successful art career.
C．His delicious milk chocolate candy.
D．His experience in making milk chocolate.
3．What do the people mentioned in the text have in common
A．They have a gift for making money.
B．They suffered several defeats on the path to success.
C．They are creative and highly educated.
D．They were successful at the very start.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (納米技術(shù)專家) and assistant professor at MIT.She is conducting her research on brain diseases that __4__ the minds of millions of people worldwide.
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early __5__.Her courage as a researcher comes from her __6__， who as a young woman went against social norms (規(guī)范) in her village by __7__to fund her own education.Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest in __8__.Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his __9__， fashioning devices to make home life more __10__， including an electricity free washing machine.“That got me very __11__in science and technology，” Sarkar says.
After __12__a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar __13__California to study nanoelectronics.There, she tested new ways to __14__nanodevices that could reduce the amount of __15__consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.__16__， she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the __17__， which she calls “the lowest energy computer”．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are __18__， but we could be better than what we are，” she says.,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4．A.enrich B．read
C．a(chǎn)ffect D．poison
5．A.birds B．researchers
C．failures D．inspirations
6．A.aunt B．mother
C．sister D．grandmother
7．A.working B．pretending
C．refusing D．waiting
8．A.politics B．history
C．engineering D．sport
9．A.job B．holiday
C．discomfort D．passion
10．A.complex B．convenient
C．peaceful D．meaningful
11．A.interested B．honest
C．lucky D．disappointed
12．A.starting B．earning
C．needing D．introducing
13．A.adapted to B．related to
C．headed to D．belonged to
14．A.create B．fix
C．operate D．sell
15．A.water B．money
C．power D．time
16．A.Unfortunately B．Immediately
C．Obviously D．Eventually
17．A.computer B．brain
C．exercise D．fashion
18．A.empty B．busy
C．relaxed D．remarkable
Ⅲ.語法填空(15分)
Shen Kuo was an excellent scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty.He was an all round scholar of astronomy, literature, physics, chemistry, calendars, geology, meteorology 19.____________ medical science.He was also an outstanding engineer and excellent military strategist.He even made a great contribution 20.____________ art and literature.So Shen Kuo was well known for being 21.______________________ (knowledge) in ancient China.
Meng Xi Bi Tan, Shen Kuo's famous scientific work, 22.____________________ (complete) between 1086 and 1093.In the book, he wrote a lot about the animals and plants he had seen when 23.____________ (travel) through the country, such as giant clams in the South China Sea, crocodiles in Chaozhou, Chinese wolfberries in the northwest of China and jerboas in the desert of northern China.The book also introduced 24.____________ (method) of killing insect pests.
Shen Kuo pointed out in Meng Xi Bi Tan that human beings had pharynxes (咽) and larynxes (喉), with pharynxes for food and larynxes for ventilation (換氣)．He also 25.____________ (have) great knowledge about fossils (化石)．When visiting the Taihang Mountain, 26.____________ is located in Shanxi Province, he discovered fossilized seashells and noted the presence of stones like those often 27.__________ (find) on the seashore, leading him to conclude that Shanxi had been located by the sea in the distant past.
Meng Xi Bi Tan was 28.__________ (wide) regarded as an important scientific work in ancient China.
UNIT 1　課時(shí)檢測(三)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四位名人的經(jīng)歷，這四個(gè)人在獲得成功之前都遭遇了失敗。
1．選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Walt Disney部分中“Thankfully, we have the Disney Company ... towards his dreams.”可知，今天我們都知道迪士尼公司是因?yàn)镈isney沒有聽取任何批評(píng)家的意見，堅(jiān)持為夢想而奮斗。
2．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Milton Hershey部分中“The man who blessed us with ...which we enjoy today.”可知，Milton Hershey出名的原因是他所制作的美味的牛奶巧克力糖。
3．選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Here are four people who lived through failure before going on to become names known around the world.”可知，文章主要介紹了四位名人的經(jīng)歷，這四個(gè)人在獲得成功之前都遭遇了失敗。
Ⅱ.完形填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹的是納米技術(shù)專家薩卡爾的成長經(jīng)歷以及所取得的成就。
4．選C　根據(jù)“She is conducting her research on brain diseases”及“the minds of millions of people worldwide”可知，這種疾病正在影響數(shù)百萬人的大腦。
5．選D　根據(jù)“Sarkar credits both of her parents as early”及下文“Meanwhile, Sarkar's father inspired her interest”可知，薩卡爾認(rèn)為父母是她早期的靈感來源，給了她啟發(fā)。
6．選B　根據(jù)“who as a young woman went against social norms(規(guī)范) in her village by ________ to fund her own education”可知，這一句描述薩卡爾的母親在年輕時(shí)做的事情。
7．選A　根據(jù)“to fund her own education”可知，薩卡爾的母親在年輕時(shí)沒有遵循社會(huì)規(guī)范，而是努力賺錢以供自己接受教育。
8．選C　根據(jù)下文“including an electricity free washing machine”及“After________a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”可知，父親使薩卡爾喜歡上了工程學(xué)。
9．選D　根據(jù)“fashioning devices to make home life more________， including an electricity free washing machine”可知，父親會(huì)騰出時(shí)間來研究自己的愛好。
10．選B　 根據(jù)“fashioning devices to make home life more”可知，父親制作設(shè)備是為了讓家庭生活更方便。
11．選A　 根據(jù)上文“Sarkar's father inspired her interest in ________”可知，父親激發(fā)了薩卡爾對(duì)科技的興趣。
12．選B　根據(jù)“Sarkar __________ California to study nanoelectronics”可知，薩卡爾在印度獲得了學(xué)位后，繼續(xù)去美國學(xué)習(xí)納米電子學(xué)。
13．選C　根據(jù)“After ________ a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”及“California to study nanoelectronics”可知，此處表示前往美國學(xué)習(xí)深造。
14．選A　 根據(jù)“she tested new ways”可知，薩卡爾測試了制造納米器件的新方法。
15．選C　根據(jù)“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)和其他日常電子產(chǎn)品需要電力來驅(qū)動(dòng)。
16．選D　根據(jù)“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice”可知，最終，她取得了突破。
17．選B　根據(jù)“which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’．She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains”可知，此處“最低能量的計(jì)算機(jī)”指的是人腦。
18．選D　根據(jù)“but we could be better than what we are”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，人腦的潛力無限大，所以是非凡的。
Ⅲ.語法填空
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北宋杰出的科學(xué)家沈括以及他的著作《夢溪筆談》。
19．a(chǎn)nd　考查連詞。句意：他是一位通曉天文學(xué)、文學(xué)、物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、歷法、地質(zhì)學(xué)、氣象學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的全才。根據(jù)句意可知，此處前后是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。
20．to　考查介詞。短語make a contribution to sth.意為“為某事做出貢獻(xiàn)”。
21．knowledgeable　考查形容詞。作表語，表示“博學(xué)的”，應(yīng)用形容詞knowledgeable。
22．was completed　考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子可知，空處與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以此處要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)后文between 1086 and 1093可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填was completed。
23．traveling/travelling　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，travel和其邏輯主語he為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填traveling/travelling。
24．methods　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。method意為“方法”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，空格前沒有限定詞，所以此處要用該名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填methods。
25．had　考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，本句描述的是過去的事，所以此處要用該動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)。故填had。
26．which　考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞the Taihang Mountain，指物，且在從句中作主語，故填which。
27．found　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，find和邏輯主語those構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用過去分詞作后置定語。故填found。
28．widely　考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞regard，所以要用副詞widely。
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