資源簡介 / 讓教學更有效 高效備考 | 英語學科Unit 2 Morals and virtues 單元知識清單一、詞組搭配(一)動詞詞組carry sb through sth:幫助某人渡過難關。例句:Her determination carried her through the difficult time.(她的決心幫助她渡過了艱難時期。)tend to do sth:易于做某事;往往會發生某事。例句:People tend to feel tired after a long day's work.(人們在長時間工作后往往會感到疲憊。)pass away:去世。例句:His grandfather passed away last year.(他的祖父去年去世了。)trip over:被…… 絆倒。例句:She tripped over a stone and fell down.(她被一塊石頭絆倒了。)in tears:流著淚;含著淚。例句:The little girl was in tears because she lost her toy.(小女孩因為丟了玩具而淚流滿面。)in despair:處于絕望中。例句:He gave up his search in despair.(他絕望地放棄了尋找。)(二)名詞詞組moral dilemma:道德困境。例句:He was faced with a moral dilemma and didn't know what to do.(他面臨著一個道德困境,不知道該怎么辦。)tuition fees:學費。例句:She worked hard to earn enough money for her tuition fees.(她努力工作以賺取足夠的學費。)resident physician:住院醫師。例句:The young man dreams of becoming a resident physician.(這個年輕人夢想成為一名住院醫師。)first aid:急救。例句:It's important to learn some first aid skills.(學習一些急救技能很重要。)in memory of:作為對…… 的紀念。例句:They built a monument in memory of the heroes.(他們建造了一座紀念碑來紀念英雄們。)(三)介詞詞組a great deal (of):大量。例句:He has spent a great deal of time on this project.(他在這個項目上花費了大量時間。)(四)詞匯練習題Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.She was so sad that she was _______ all the time.The kind - hearted man often helps those in trouble and _______ them _______ hard times.Children _______ _______ get excited when they see new toys.The old photo was taken _______ _______ her grandmother.He was _______ _______ when he heard the bad news.Be careful! Don't _______ _______ the rope.Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.當他看到女兒的來信時,他激動得熱淚盈眶。(in tears)我們應該學習一些急救知識,因為它在日常生活中非常有用。(first aid)這位著名作家去年去世了,許多讀者都感到非常難過。(pass away)她在這個問題上花費了大量的精力,但仍然沒有找到解決辦法。(a great deal of)面對道德困境,他最終選擇了說實話。(moral dilemma)二、語法知識點(一)現在分詞和過去分詞作定語現在分詞表示主動或正在進行的動作,修飾名詞。例句:The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟。)過去分詞表示被動或完成的動作,修飾名詞。例句:The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗戶需要修理。)作表語現在分詞作表語,說明主語的性質或特征,意為 “令人…… 的”。例句:The movie is very interesting.(這部電影很有趣。)過去分詞作表語,說明主語的感受或狀態,意為 “感到…… 的”。例句:I am interested in the movie.(我對這部電影感興趣。)作賓語補足語現在分詞作賓語補足語,強調動作正在進行。例句:I saw him reading a book in the library.(我看見他正在圖書館看書。)過去分詞作賓語補足語,強調動作的完成或被動。例句:He had his bike repaired yesterday.(他昨天讓人修好了他的自行車。作狀語現在分詞作狀語,句子主語與分詞動作之間是主動關系,表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。例句:Walking in the street, I met an old friend.(我在街上走著的時候,遇到了一位老朋友。)過去分詞作狀語,句子主語與分詞動作之間是被動關系,表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。例句:Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.(從山頂上看,這座城市很美。)(二)練習題Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the given words (present participle or past participle).The _______ (frighten) boy hid behind his mother.The _______ (excite) children are waiting for the show to start.I saw the _______ (fall) leaves dancing in the wind.The _______ (break) glass was lying on the floor._______ (hear) the good news, they jumped with joy._______ (give) another chance, I will do it better.Translate the following sentences into English, using present participles or past participles.他站在那里,看著來來往往的人群。被老師表揚后,這個女孩學習更努力了。這本書寫得很好,非常值得一讀。看到媽媽回來,孩子跑過去擁抱她。考慮到所有情況,我們決定推遲會議。三、重要句式句型分析(一)“nothing is + (形容詞) 比較級 + than...” 結構功能:表示 “沒有什么比…… 更加……”,用于強調某事物的程度。例句:To me, nothing is more important than health.(對我來說,沒有什么比健康更重要。)(二)感官動詞(see、hear、feel 等) + 賓語 + 動詞 - ing 形式 / 過去分詞結構:感官動詞 + 賓語 + 動詞 - ing 形式(表示主動、正在進行的動作);感官動詞 + 賓語 + 過去分詞(表示被動、完成的動作)。功能:補充說明賓語的動作或狀態。例句:We saw her dancing in the classroom.(我們看見她正在教室里跳舞。)I heard my name called.(我聽到有人叫我的名字。)(三)獨立主格結構結構:名詞或代詞 + 動詞 - ing 形式短語或過去分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語等。功能:在句中作狀語,表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、目的或結果等,名詞或代詞和其后的短語構成邏輯上的主謂關系。例句:The weather being fine, we went on a picnic.(天氣很好,我們去野餐了。)(四)翻譯練習題對學生來說,沒有什么比獲取知識更重要。我看見他正在和老師交談。她發現窗戶被打破了,感到很害怕。天氣寒冷,他們決定待在家里。他完成工作后,回家休息了。四、單元書面表達寫作指導(一)重要詞匯詞組搭配積累道德與美德相關詞匯:moral, virtue, dilemma, integrity, kindness, generosity, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, fidelity人物品質相關詞匯:compassionate, responsible, selfless, determined, honest, friendly, courageous動作行為相關詞匯:entrust, assist, reject, appoint, elect, tend, publish, rescue, treat詞組搭配:carry sb through sth, tend to do sth, in memory of, a great deal of, in tears, in despair(二)高分句式積累It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.例句:It is necessary for us to develop good moral qualities.(對我們來說,培養良好的道德品質是必要的。)What + 主語 + 謂語 + is...例句:What impresses me most is his kindness.(最讓我印象深刻的是他的善良。)Not only...but also...例句:She is not only intelligent but also hard - working.(她不僅聰明而且勤奮。)It was...that...(強調句)例句:It was his determination that carried him through the difficulties.(正是他的決心幫助他渡過了難關。)(三)參考范文The Power of KindnessKindness is one of the most precious virtues in the world. It has the power to warm people's hearts and make the world a better place.I still remember a cold winter day when I witnessed an act of kindness. I was waiting at the bus stop, shivering with cold. An old man was also there, looking weak and helpless. Suddenly, a young man came up to him. He took off his own scarf and gently put it around the old man's neck, saying, “Grandpa, it's too cold. Keep warm.” Then he helped the old man onto the bus when it arrived.The young man's kindness deeply touched me. His simple act not only brought warmth to the old man but also inspired me. It made me realize that even a small act of kindness can have a great impact on others. In our daily life, we should always be ready to show kindness to those in need.答案及解析一、詞匯練習題答案及解析1.填詞組答案:in tears解析:“She was so sad” 表明她處于悲傷的狀態,“in tears” 意思是 “流著淚;含著淚”,符合語境,用于描述她因悲傷而哭泣的樣子 。答案:carries; through解析:“The kind - hearted man often helps those in trouble” 說明善良的人幫助有困難的人,“carry sb through sth” 表示 “幫助某人渡過難關”,這里主語是第三人稱單數 “The kind - hearted man”,一般現在時中動詞要用第三人稱單數形式 “carries” ,“hard times”(艱難時期)作 “through” 的賓語。答案:tend to解析:“Children get excited when they see new toys” 描述孩子看到新玩具時的普遍情況,“tend to do sth” 意為 “易于做某事;往往會發生某事”,符合句子表達孩子們通常會因新玩具而興奮的邏輯,主語 “Children” 是復數,動詞用原形 “tend” 。答案:in memory of解析:“The old photo” 和 “her grandmother” 的關系,結合 “in memory of” 表示 “作為對…… 的紀念”,可知此句表達這張老照片是為了紀念她的祖母,所以填 “in memory of” 。答案:in despair解析:“he heard the bad news” 是不好的事情,“in despair” 表示 “處于絕望中”,能合理說明他聽到壞消息后的狀態 。答案:trip over解析:“Be careful!” 提醒小心,“the rope”(繩子)是潛在的阻礙物,“trip over” 意思是 “被…… 絆倒”,符合句子提醒不要被繩子絆倒的語境 。用所給詞組翻譯句子答案:When he saw his daughter's letter, he was in tears with excitement.解析:“當…… 時” 用 “When” 引導時間狀語從句,“saw his daughter's letter” 表示 “看到女兒的來信”;主句描述他的狀態,“in tears” 表示 “熱淚盈眶” ,“with excitement” 表示 “激動地”,補充說明流淚的原因。答案:We should learn some first aid knowledge because it is very useful in daily life.解析:“應該” 用 “should”,“學習一些急救知識” 翻譯為 “learn some first aid knowledge”;“因為” 用 “because” 引導原因狀語從句,“first aid” 表示 “急救” ,“in daily life” 表示 “在日常生活中”。答案:The famous writer passed away last year, and many readers felt very sad.解析:“去世” 用 “pass away”,根據 “去年” 可知時態為一般過去時,所以用 “passed away”;后半句用 “and” 連接,描述讀者的感受,“felt very sad” 表示 “感到非常難過” 。答案:She spent a great deal of energy on this problem, but still didn't find a solution.解析:“花費大量精力” 用 “spend a great deal of energy”,“a great deal of” 表示 “大量” ,可修飾不可數名詞 “energy”;“在…… 上” 用 “on”;“but” 表示轉折,“didn't find a solution” 表示 “沒有找到解決辦法”。答案:Faced with a moral dilemma, he finally chose to tell the truth.解析:“面對” 用 “be faced with”,這里用過去分詞短語 “Faced with a moral dilemma” 作狀語,表示原因或條件;“道德困境” 是 “moral dilemma”;“選擇做某事” 用 “choose to do sth”,“tell the truth” 表示 “說實話”,根據語境用一般過去時 “chose” 。二、語法知識點練習題答案及解析1.用現在分詞或過去分詞填空答案:frightened解析:“boy”(男孩)和 “frighten”(使害怕)之間是被動關系,即男孩是被嚇到的,過去分詞 “frightened” 表示被動和完成,用于修飾人,描述人的感受,所以填 “frightened” ,表示 “受到驚嚇的男孩”。答案:excited解析:“children”(孩子們)和 “excite”(使興奮)是被動關系,孩子們是因外界事物而感到興奮,過去分詞 “excited” 用于描述人的感受,作定語修飾 “children”,表示 “興奮的孩子們” 。答案:falling解析:“leaves”(樹葉)和 “fall”(落下)是主動關系,樹葉是主動飄落,現在分詞 “falling” 表示主動和正在進行的動作,修飾 “leaves”,表示 “正在飄落的樹葉” 。答案:broken解析:“glass”(玻璃)和 “break”(打破)是被動關系,玻璃是被打破的,過去分詞 “broken” 表示被動和完成,修飾 “glass”,表示 “破碎的玻璃” 。答案:Hearing解析:“they”(他們)和 “hear”(聽到)是主動關系,句子主語 “they” 是 “hear” 這個動作的執行者,現在分詞作狀語,“Hearing the good news” 在句中作時間狀語,相當于 “When they heard the good news”,表示 “聽到這個好消息時” ,且分詞短語位于句首,首字母大寫。答案:Given解析:“I” 和 “give” 是被動關系,“我” 是被給予機會,過去分詞 “Given” 作條件狀語,相當于 “If I am given another chance”,表示 “如果再給我一次機會” 。2.翻譯句子答案:He stood there, watching the crowds coming and going.解析:句子主干 “He stood there” 表示 “他站在那里”;“watching the crowds coming and going” 是現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語,“watch” 和句子主語 “He” 是主動關系,“coming and going” 是現在分詞短語作賓語 “the crowds” 的補足語,描述人群來來往往的狀態 。答案:Praised by the teacher, the girl studied harder.解析:“Praised by the teacher” 是過去分詞短語作原因狀語,“the girl” 和 “praise” 是被動關系,即女孩被老師表揚,所以用過去分詞;句子主干 “the girl studied harder” 表示 “這個女孩學習更努力了”,時態為一般過去時 。答案:Well written, the book is well worth reading.解析:“Well written” 是過去分詞短語作原因狀語,“the book” 和 “write” 是被動關系,書是被寫,所以用過去分詞;“be worth doing sth” 表示 “值得做某事”,“reading” 是 “read” 的動名詞形式,“well” 修飾 “worth”,強調值得的程度 。答案:Seeing her mother come back, the child ran to hug her.解析:“Seeing her mother come back” 是現在分詞短語作時間狀語,“the child” 和 “see” 是主動關系,孩子是看到媽媽回來這個動作的執行者;“come back” 是省略了 “to” 的不定式作賓語補足語,補充說明 “her mother” 的動作;句子主干 “the child ran to hug her” 表示 “孩子跑過去擁抱她”,時態為一般過去時 。答案:All things considered, we decided to put off the meeting.解析:“All things considered” 是獨立主格結構作條件狀語,“All things” 和 “consider” 是被動關系,所有情況是被考慮,所以用過去分詞 “considered”;句子主干 “we decided to put off the meeting” 表示 “我們決定推遲會議”,“decide to do sth” 表示 “決定做某事”,“put off” 表示 “推遲” 。三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習題答案及解析答案:For students, nothing is more important than acquiring knowledge.解析:使用 “nothing is + (形容詞) 比較級 + than...” 結構強調獲取知識的重要性,“more important” 是 “important” 的比較級;“acquiring knowledge” 表示 “獲取知識”,“For students” 表示 “對學生來說” 。答案:I saw him talking with the teacher.解析:運用 “感官動詞(see) + 賓語 + 動詞 - ing 形式” 結構,“saw” 是 “see” 的過去式,“him” 是賓語,“talking with the teacher” 是現在分詞短語作賓語補足語,表示動作正在進行,即 “我看見他正在和老師交談” 。答案:She found the window broken and felt very frightened.解析:“感官動詞(found) + 賓語(the window) + 過去分詞(broken)” 結構,“window” 和 “break” 是被動關系,窗戶是被打破的,所以用過去分詞 “broken” 作賓語補足語;“felt very frightened” 表示 “感到很害怕”,與 “found” 并列作謂語,時態為一般過去時 。答案:The weather being cold, they decided to stay at home.解析:采用獨立主格結構,“The weather” 和 “being cold” 構成邏輯上的主謂關系,“being cold” 是現在分詞短語作后置定語修飾 “The weather”,表示 “天氣寒冷”;句子主干 “they decided to stay at home” 表示 “他們決定待在家里”,“decide to do sth” 表示 “決定做某事” 。答案:Having finished his work, he went home to rest.解析:現在分詞完成式 “Having finished his work” 作時間狀語,“he” 和 “finish” 是主動關系,且 “完成工作” 這個動作發生在 “回家休息” 之前,所以用現在分詞完成式;句子主干 “he went home to rest” 表示 “他回家休息了”,“to rest” 是不定式作目的狀語 。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫