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Unit 4 Body Language 單元知識總結清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）重點詞組
by contrast：相比之下。
例句：By contrast, the new model is more energy-efficient.
（相比之下，新模型更節能。）
approve of：贊成；同意。
例句：My parents don't approve of my decision to study abroad.
（我父母不贊成我出國留學的決定。）
demonstrate to：向…… 證明；表現出。
例句：He demonstrated to us his excellent leadership skills.
（他向我們展示了他出色的領導能力。）
make inferences：推理；推斷。
例句：We can make inferences based on the evidence we have.
（我們可以根據已有的證據進行推斷。）
break down：消除；分解；打破。
例句：We should break down the language barriers to communicate better.
（我們應該消除語言障礙以更好地交流。）
call on：（短暫地）訪問；要求（某人講話等）；正式邀請。
例句：The teacher called on Tom to answer the question.
（老師叫湯姆回答問題。）
at work：有某種影響；在工作。
例句：There are several factors at work in this situation.
（在這種情況下有幾個因素在起作用。）
tend to：傾向于；常常。
例句：People tend to feel tired after a long day's work.
（人們在長時間工作后往往會感到疲憊。）
look at：看；審視；考慮。
例句：We need to look at this problem from different angles.
（我們需要從不同角度審視這個問題。）
adjust to：適應；（使）習慣 。
例句：It took him a while to adjust to the new environment.
（他花了一段時間才適應新環境。）
（二）詞匯練習題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短語的正確形式填空。
___________, the old method is less efficient.
I hope my parents will ___________ my plan to start a business.
The scientist ___________ the theory with a series of experiments.
You can ___________ from the context to understand the meaning of the word.
We should try to ___________ the misunderstanding between us.
The professor will ___________ some students to present their reports.
There are many unknown forces ___________ in the universe.
Children ___________ like sweet food.
Let's ___________ the advantages and disadvantages of this proposal.
She found it hard to ___________ the fast pace of city life.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
相比之下，這種新型材料更輕、更強。
他的父母不贊成他和那個女孩交往。
你如何向別人證明你的觀點是正確的？
偵探根據線索進行推理，最終找到了罪犯。
微笑可以打破陌生人之間的隔閡。
老師經常要求學生在課堂上積極發言。
多種因素共同作用導致了這次事故。
老年人往往更容易感到孤獨。
我們應該全面考慮這個問題。
經過一段時間，他逐漸適應了新的工作。
二、語法知識點
（一）動詞 -ing 形式
作主語：表示抽象的、一般性的行為或概念，謂語動詞用單數。
例句：Learning a foreign language is difficult but rewarding.
（學習一門外語很難但很有意義。）
作賓語：跟在及物動詞或介詞后。
例句：She enjoys reading novels in her free time.
（她喜歡在空閑時間讀小說。）
I'm looking forward to meeting you.（我期待著見到你。）
作表語：說明主語的內容或性質。
例句：My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的愛好是集郵。）
作定語：單個的 -ing 形式作定語通常前置， -ing 短語作定語通常后置，相當于一個定語從句。
例句：The running boy is my brother.（那個奔跑的男孩是我弟弟。）
The man standing there is our teacher.（站在那里的那個人是我們的老師。）
作狀語：表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、伴隨等。
例句：Walking in the street, I saw an old friend.
（在街上走的時候，我看到了一位老朋友。）（時間狀語）
Being ill, he didn't go to school.（因為生病，他沒去上學。）（原因狀語）
作賓語補足語：常跟在感官動詞（如 see, watch, hear 等）和使役動詞（如 keep, let, have 等）后。
例句：I saw him playing football on the playground.
（我看見他在操場上踢足球。）
Don't keep the water running.（別讓水一直流著。）
（二）練習題
Choose the correct form of the verb.
選擇正確的動詞形式。
___________ (Swim/Swimming) in the sea is my favorite summer activity.
I remember ___________ (lock/locking) the door when I left.
Her job is ___________ (teach/to teach) English at a middle school.
The girl ___________ (sing/singing) over there is my sister.
___________ (Give/Giving) more time, we could do it better.
I heard her ___________ (play/playing) the piano in the next room.
Rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form.
用-ing形式改寫下列句子。
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Because he was tired, he stopped working.
The man who is sitting in the corner is a famous writer.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
糾正下列句子中的錯誤。
Play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
I'm used to get up early in the morning.
The book writing by Lu Xun is very interesting.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
結構分析：“Just like spoken language” 為方式狀語，表明類比對象；句子主干是 “body language varies”，“from culture to culture” 是介詞短語作狀語，修飾 “varies”，表示在不同文化間的變化。
（二）A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers.
結構分析：兩個句子結構相似，均以 “A smile can” 開頭，后接動詞短語 “help us get through...” 和 “break down...”，通過并列句式強調微笑的作用。
（三）翻譯練習題
就像書面語言一樣，手勢在不同文化中也各不相同。
真誠的道歉可以幫助我們度過人際關系中的困難時刻，消除誤解。
眼神交流能讓我們在交流中更好地理解彼此，打破溝通障礙。
四、單元書面表達寫作指導
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
身勢語描述相關詞匯：body movement（身體動作），facial expression（面部表情），hand gesture（手勢），eye contact（眼神交流），posture（姿勢）
情感與行為相關詞匯：express feelings（表達情感），show interest（表現出興趣），avoid responsibility（逃避責任），get through difficult situations（度過困難時期），break down barriers（消除障礙）
文化差異相關詞匯：vary from culture to culture（因文化而異），cultural background（文化背景），cultural difference（文化差異），in different cultures（在不同文化中）
（二）高分句式積累
定語從句：Body language, which plays an important role in communication, sometimes conveys more than words.
（身勢語在交流中起著重要作用，有時傳達的信息比語言還多。）
強調句：It is through body language that we can understand others' true feelings more accurately.
（正是通過身勢語，我們才能更準確地理解他人的真實感受。）
倒裝句：Not only does body language help us communicate effectively, but it also reflects our cultural backgrounds.
（身勢語不僅有助于我們有效溝通，還能反映我們的文化背景。）
with 復合結構：With his arms crossed, he looked very angry.
（他雙臂交叉，看起來非常生氣。）
（三）參考范文
The Importance of Body Language
Body language is an essential part of communication. It can convey our thoughts, feelings, and attitudes without words.
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. For example, in some Western countries, making eye contact is a sign of confidence and respect, while in some Asian countries, too much eye contact may make people feel uncomfortable. The “OK” gesture means money in Japan, zero in France, and is considered impolite in Brazil and Germany. These differences remind us that when communicating with people from different cultures, we should be aware of the cultural background and use body language appropriately.
A smile is a powerful form of body language that can break down barriers. It can help us get through difficult situations and make friends easily. Moreover, body language can also help us understand others better. By observing people’s body movements and facial expressions, we can make inferences about their emotions and intentions. For instance, if someone is constantly looking at their watch while talking to you, it may imply that they are in a hurry or not interested in the conversation.
In conclusion, body language is a crucial factor in effective communication. We should learn to use it properly and understand its meanings in different cultures. Only in this way can we communicate with others more smoothly and build better relationships.
練習題答案及解析
一、詞組搭配練習題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：By contrast
解析：“___________, the old method is less efficient.”，此句需要一個表示對比的短語，“by contrast” 意為 “相比之下”，放在句首，首字母大寫，用于引出與新方法對比后，舊方法效率較低的情況，所以填 “By contrast”。
答案：approve of
解析：“I hope my parents will ___________ my plan to start a business.”，句子表達 “我” 希望父母對自己創業計劃的態度，“approve of” 表示 “贊成；同意”，“will” 后接動詞原形，符合語境，所以填 “approve of”。
答案：demonstrated to
解析：“The scientist ___________ the theory with a series of experiments.”，科學家通過一系列實驗對理論進行某種操作，“demonstrate to” 有 “向…… 證明；表現出” 的意思，句子時態為一般過去時，“demonstrate” 的過去式是 “demonstrated”，所以填 “demonstrated to”。
答案：make inferences
解析：“You can ___________ from the context to understand the meaning of the word.”，從語境中對單詞意思進行推導，“make inferences” 表示 “推理；推斷”，“can” 后接動詞原形，符合句子結構，所以填 “make inferences”。
答案：break down
解析：“We should try to ___________ the misunderstanding between us.”，句子表達要對彼此間的誤解進行處理，“break down” 有 “消除” 的含義，“should” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “break down”。
答案：call on
解析：“The professor will ___________ some students to present their reports.”，教授會要求一些學生做某事，“call on” 有 “要求（某人講話等）” 的意思，“will” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “call on”。
答案：at work
解析：“There are many unknown forces ___________ in the universe.”，句子描述宇宙中有許多未知力量處于某種狀態，“at work” 表示 “有某種影響”，符合語境，所以填 “at work”。
答案：tend to
解析：“Children ___________ like sweet food.”，表達孩子們對于甜食的一種普遍傾向，“tend to” 表示 “傾向于；常?！保渥訒r態為一般現在時，主語 “Children” 是復數，動詞用原形，所以填 “tend to”。
答案：look at
解析：“Let's ___________ the advantages and disadvantages of this proposal.”，句子表示要對提案的優缺點進行審視，“look at” 有 “審視；考慮” 的意思，“Let's” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “look at”。
答案：adjust to
解析：“She found it hard to ___________ the fast pace of city life.”，句子表達她難以適應城市生活的快節奏，“adjust to” 表示 “適應；（使）習慣”，“to” 后接名詞短語，符合語境，所以填 “adjust to”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：By contrast, this new type of material is lighter and stronger.
解析：“相比之下” 翻譯為 “By contrast”，放在句首；“這種新型材料” 翻譯為 “this new type of material”；“更輕、更強” 翻譯為 “is lighter and stronger”，使用比較級，與 “by contrast” 對應，突出新舊材料對比，所以翻譯為 “By contrast, this new type of material is lighter and stronger.”。
答案：His parents don't approve of his relationship with that girl.
解析：“他的父母” 翻譯為 “His parents”；“不贊成” 翻譯為 “don't approve of”，“approve of” 表示 “贊成”，否定形式用助動詞 “don't”；“他和那個女孩交往” 翻譯為 “his relationship with that girl”，所以翻譯為 “His parents don't approve of his relationship with that girl.”。
答案：How do you demonstrate to others that your opinion is correct
解析：“如何” 翻譯為 “How”，引導特殊疑問句；“向別人證明” 翻譯為 “demonstrate to others”；“你的觀點是正確的” 翻譯為 “that your opinion is correct”，“that” 引導賓語從句，作 “demonstrate to” 的賓語，所以翻譯為 “How do you demonstrate to others that your opinion is correct ”。
答案：The detective made inferences based on the clues and finally found the criminal.
解析：“偵探” 翻譯為 “The detective”；“根據線索進行推理” 翻譯為 “made inferences based on the clues”，“make inferences” 表示 “推理”，句子時態為一般過去時，“make” 的過去式是 “made”；“最終找到了罪犯” 翻譯為 “and finally found the criminal”，所以翻譯為 “The detective made inferences based on the clues and finally found the criminal.”。
答案：A smile can break down the barriers between strangers.
解析：“微笑” 翻譯為 “A smile”；“可以打破” 翻譯為 “can break down”，“break down” 表示 “打破”；“陌生人之間的隔閡” 翻譯為 “the barriers between strangers”，所以翻譯為 “A smile can break down the barriers between strangers.”。
答案：The teacher often calls on students to speak actively in class.
解析：“老師” 翻譯為 “The teacher”；“經?！?翻譯為 “often”；“要求學生” 翻譯為 “calls on students”，“call on” 表示 “要求”，句子時態為一般現在時，主語 “The teacher” 是第三人稱單數，“call” 用第三人稱單數形式 “calls”；“在課堂上積極發言” 翻譯為 “to speak actively in class”，“to do sth.” 作目的狀語，所以翻譯為 “The teacher often calls on students to speak actively in class.”。
答案：Several factors were at work, leading to this accident.
解析：“多種因素共同作用” 翻譯為 “Several factors were at work”，“at work” 表示 “有某種影響”，句子時態為一般過去時；“導致了這次事故” 翻譯為 “leading to this accident”，現在分詞短語作結果狀語，所以翻譯為 “Several factors were at work, leading to this accident.”。
答案：The elderly tend to feel lonelier more easily.
解析：“老年人” 翻譯為 “The elderly”；“往往更容易感到孤獨” 翻譯為 “tend to feel lonelier more easily”，“tend to” 表示 “傾向于”，“lonely” 的比較級是 “lonelier”，所以翻譯為 “The elderly tend to feel lonelier more easily.”。
答案：We should look at this problem comprehensively.
解析：“我們應該” 翻譯為 “We should”；“全面考慮” 翻譯為 “look at... comprehensively”，“look at” 表示 “考慮”，“comprehensively” 表示 “全面地”，作狀語修飾 “look at”，所以翻譯為 “We should look at this problem comprehensively.”。
答案：After a period of time, he gradually adjusted to the new job.
解析：“經過一段時間” 翻譯為 “After a period of time”；“他逐漸適應了” 翻譯為 “he gradually adjusted to”，句子時態為一般過去時，“adjust to” 表示 “適應”；“新的工作” 翻譯為 “the new job”，所以翻譯為 “After a period of time, he gradually adjusted to the new job.”。
二、語法知識點練習題答案及解析
（一）Choose the correct form of the verb
答案：Swimming
解析：“___________ (Swim/Swimming) in the sea is my favorite summer activity.”，句子缺少主語，動詞 -ing 形式（短語）可作主語，表示抽象的、一般性的行為或概念，“Swimming” 是 “swim” 的 -ing 形式，“Swimming in the sea”（在海里游泳）作主語，所以選 “Swimming”。
答案：locking
解析：“I remember ___________ (lock/locking) the door when I left.”，“remember doing sth.” 表示 “記得做過某事”，“remember to do sth.” 表示 “記得要去做某事”，根據 “when I left” 可知是記得過去做過鎖門這件事，所以選 “locking”。
答案：to teach
解析：“Her job is ___________ (teach/to teach) English at a middle school.”，“is” 后作表語，當主語是 “job, task” 等表示工作、任務的名詞時，常用動詞不定式作表語，說明具體的工作內容，所以選 “to teach”。
答案：singing
解析：“The girl ___________ (sing/singing) over there is my sister.”，“___________ over there” 作后置定語修飾 “The girl”，單個的 -ing 形式作定語通常前置， -ing 短語作定語通常后置，相當于一個定語從句，此處表示 “正在唱歌的女孩”，用 “singing”，所以選 “singing”。
答案：Given
解析：“___________ (Give/Giving) more time, we could do it better.”，句子主語 “we” 和 “give” 之間是被動關系，“我們” 是被給予時間，過去分詞 “Given” 作條件狀語，相當于 “If we were given more time”，所以選 “Given”。
答案：playing
解析：“I heard her ___________ (play/playing) the piano in the next room.”，“hear sb. doing sth.” 表示 “聽見某人正在做某事”，“hear sb. do sth.” 表示 “聽見某人做某事的全過程”，根據語境是聽見她正在隔壁房間彈鋼琴，所以選 “playing”。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form
答案：Working hard, you will succeed.
解析：原句 “If you work hard, you will succeed.”，將條件狀語從句 “if you work hard” 改為 -ing 形式作狀語，“work” 的 -ing 形式是 “working”，“Working hard”（努力工作）作條件狀語，所以改寫為 “Working hard, you will succeed.”。
答案：Being tired, he stopped working.
解析：原句 “Because he was tired, he stopped working.”，將原因狀語從句 “because he was tired” 改為 -ing 形式作狀語，“be tired” 的 -ing 形式是 “being tired”，“Being tired”（因為疲憊）作原因狀語，所以改寫為 “Being tired, he stopped working.”。
答案：The man sitting in the corner is a famous writer.
解析：原句 “The man who is sitting in the corner is a famous writer.”，將定語從句 “who is sitting in the corner” 改為 -ing 形式作后置定語，“sitting in the corner”（坐在角落）作后置定語修飾 “The man”，所以改寫為 “The man sitting in the corner is a famous writer.”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
解析：原句 “Play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.” 錯誤，句子缺少主語，動詞原形不能作主語，應將 “Play” 改為 -ing 形式 “Playing”，“Playing computer games too much”（玩太多電腦游戲）作主語，所以正確句子是 “Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.”。
答案：I'm used to getting up early in the morning.
解析：原句 “I'm used to get up early in the morning.” 錯誤，“be used to doing sth.” 表示 “習慣于做某事”，“to” 是介詞，后接動名詞，應把 “get” 改為 “getting”，所以正確句子是 “I'm used to getting up early in the morning.”。
答案：The book written by Lu Xun is very interesting.
解析：原句 “The book writing by Lu Xun is very interesting.” 錯誤，“book” 和 “write” 之間是被動關系，書是被寫，應用過去分詞作后置定語，“write” 的過去分詞是 “written”，所以正確句子是 “The book written by Lu Xun is very interesting.”。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習題答案及解析
答案：Just like written language, hand gestures vary from culture to culture.
解析：參照 “Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.” 的結構，“就像書面語言一樣” 翻譯為 “Just like written language”；“手勢” 翻譯為 “hand gestures”；“在不同文化中也各不相同” 翻譯為 “vary from culture to culture”，所以翻譯為 “Just like written language, hand gestures vary from culture to culture.”。
答案：A sincere apology can help us get through difficult times in relationships and break down misunderstandings.
解析：參考 “A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers.” 的結構，“真誠的道歉” 翻譯為 “A sincere apology”；“可以幫助我們度過人際關系中的困難時刻” 翻譯為 “can help us get through difficult times in relationships”；“消除誤解” 翻譯為 “break down misunderstandings”，所以翻譯為 “A sincere apology can help us get through difficult times in relationships and break down misunderstandings.”。
答案：Eye contact enables us to understand each other better during communication and break down communication barriers.
解析：結合相關句式結構，“眼神交流” 翻譯為 “Eye contact”；“能讓我們在交流中更好地理解彼此” 翻譯為 “enables us to understand each other better during communication”，“enable sb. to do sth.” 表示 “使某人能夠做某事”；“打破溝通障礙” 翻譯為 “break down communication barriers”，所以翻譯為 “Eye contact enables us to understand each other better during communication and break down communication barriers.”。

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