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Unit 5 Working the Land 單元知識總結清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）重點詞組
devote... to：把…… 用于；獻身；致力；專心。
例句：Yuan Longping devoted his life to hybrid rice research.
（袁隆平畢生致力于雜交水稻研究。）
tackle the crisis：解決危機。
例句：We need to find ways to tackle the food crisis.
（我們需要找到解決糧食危機的方法。）
boost yields：提高產量。
例句：The new farming method helps to boost yields significantly.
（這種新的耕作方法有助于大幅提高產量。）
convince sb. of sth.：使某人相信某事。
例句：He managed to convince the judge of his innocence.
（他成功使法官相信他的清白。）
attain a goal：實現目標。
例句：We should work hard to attain our goals.
（我們應該努力工作以實現我們的目標。）
overcome difficulties：克服困難。
例句：Yuan Longping overcame many technical difficulties to develop hybrid rice.（袁隆平克服了許多技術困難才培育出雜交水稻。）
expand business：拓展業務。
例句：Li Dan expanded her fruit - growing business to include agritourism.
（李丹將她的水果種植業務拓展到了農業旅游領域。）
estimate that：估計……。
例句：It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is from hybrid strains.（據估計，中國約 60% 的國內大米消費來自雜交品種。）
be comprised of：包括；包含；由…… 組成。
例句：Our class is comprised of 30 boys and 25 girls.
（我們班由 30 名男生和 25 名女生組成。）
generate excitement：引起興奮。
例句：The new film generated a lot of excitement among the audience.
（這部新電影在觀眾中引起了很大的轟動。）
alleviate poverty：減輕貧困。
例句：Her business has helped to alleviate poverty in the village.
（她的企業幫助減輕了村里的貧困。）
for instance：例如。
例句：There are many ways to protect the environment, for instance, reducing the use of plastic.（有很多保護環境的方法，例如，減少塑料的使用。）
in turn：相應地；轉而；依次；輪流。
例句：The heavy use of chemicals harms the soil, and in turn, affects the quality of crops.（大量使用化學物質損害土壤，進而影響農作物的質量。）
as an alternative：作為一種替代。
例句：As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming.
（作為一種替代，一些農民轉而采用有機耕作。）
put down roots：扎根。
例句：The new settlers put down roots in this land and started a new life.
（新的定居者在這片土地上扎根，開始了新的生活。）
（二）詞匯練習題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短語的正確形式填空。
He has ___________ all his time and energy ___________ protecting the environment.
The government is taking measures to ___________ the economic ___________.
Modern technology has enabled farmers to ___________.
How can I ___________ you ___________ my honesty
We should make efforts to ___________ our dreams.
She faced many challenges, but she managed to ___________ them.
The small company has ___________ rapidly in recent years.
It is ___________ that the project will cost millions of dollars.
The team ___________ members from different countries.
The exciting news ___________ among the students.
Her work has made a great contribution to ___________ in the area.
There are many outdoor activities you can do, ___________, hiking and cycling.
The increase in temperature will affect the growth of plants, and ___________, the animals that depend on them.
___________, you can choose to study at home using online resources.
After moving to the new city, they decided to ___________ and build a new home.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
他全身心地投入到教育事業中。
我們必須找到解決這個嚴重問題的方法。
新的種植技術幫助農民提高了農作物產量。
你需要讓你的父母相信你的決定是正確的。
經過多年努力，他終于實現了成為一名科學家的目標。
盡管困難重重，他們還是克服了所有阻礙，取得了成功。
這家公司計劃拓展海外業務。
據估計，今年的糧食產量將大幅增加。
這個組織由來自不同領域的專家組成。
這場音樂會在音樂愛好者中引起了極大的興奮。
這個項目旨在減輕當地居民的貧困狀況。
許多水果都富含維生素，例如，橙子和蘋果。
污染會破壞生態系統，相應地，也會威脅人類的生存。
作為一種替代方案，你可以選擇乘坐公共交通工具出行。
他們在這個小鎮扎根，過上了平靜的生活。
二、語法知識點
（一）主語從句
定義：在復合句中充當主語的句子叫做主語從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
引導詞：
從屬連詞：that, whether。
例如：That he will come is certain.（他會來，這是肯定的。）
Whether he is right or wrong remains to be seen.（他是對是錯還有待觀察。）
連接代詞：what, who, whom, which, whose 等。
例如：What he said made me angry.（他說的話讓我生氣。）
Who will win the game is not clear.（誰將贏得比賽還不清楚。）
連接副詞：when, where, why, how 等。
例如：When he will arrive is unknown.（他什么時候到還不知道。）
How we can solve the problem is very important.
（我們如何解決這個問題非常重要。）
例句：
What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity.
（袁隆平真正在乎的不是金錢或名譽。）
That Yuan Longping had realised his dream of seawater rice surprised the whole world.（袁隆平實現了他的海水稻夢想，這讓全世界都感到驚訝。）
It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping had realised his dream of developing seawater rice.
（袁隆平實現了開發海水稻的夢想，這讓全世界都大為驚訝。）（it 作形式主語，真正的主語是 that 引導的從句）
（二）練習題
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.
選擇正確的單詞完成句子。
___________ (That/What) he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
___________ (Whether/If) we will go on a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.
___________ (Who/Whom) will be the next president is a question.
___________ (Where/When) we should build the new factory has not been decided yet.
___________ (How/Why) he managed to finish the work in such a short time is a mystery.
Rewrite the following sentences using subject clauses with it as the formal subject.用主語從句將it作為形式主語改寫下列句子。
That we should protect the environment is important.
Whether he will come to the party tonight is not certain.
How we can improve our English quickly is a problem.
What he needs most is a good rest.
Who will be in charge of the project has not been announced.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
糾正下列句子中的錯誤。
When will the meeting start is still unknown.
If he will attend the conference is not clear.
That he said made me confused.
What do you want to do next is up to you.
Who break the window should be punished.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists.
結構分析：“known as the ‘father of hybrid rice’” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “Yuan Longping”，相當于一個定語從句 “who is known as the ‘father of hybrid rice’”；句子主干是 “Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists”，“one of + 形容詞最高級 + 可數名詞復數” 表示 “最…… 之一”。
（二）However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
結構分析：“what concerned him most” 是主語從句，在句中作主語；“that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat” 是表語從句，作 “was” 的表語，說明他最關心的內容。
（三）Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.
結構分析：“Through intense effort” 是介詞短語作方式狀語，表示袁隆平取得成果的方式；“Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties” 是句子主干；“to develop the first hybrid rice” 是動詞不定式作目的狀語，說明克服困難的目的；“that could be used for farming in 1974” 是定語從句，修飾 “hybrid rice”，限定雜交水稻的特征。
四、單元書面表達寫作指導
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
農業生產相關詞匯：crop production（農作物生產），soil fertility（土壤肥力），irrigation system（灌溉系統），harvest season（收獲季節），pest control（害蟲防治）
農業技術相關詞匯：modern farming technology（現代耕作技術），genetic engineering（基因工程），drip irrigation（滴灌），vertical farming（垂直農業），hydroponics（水培法）
農業發展相關詞匯：agricultural development（農業發展），sustainable agriculture（可持續農業），rural revitalization（鄉村振興），agricultural innovation（農業創新），farm machinery（農業機械）
（二）高分句式積累
定語從句：Yuan Longping, who is known as the “father of hybrid rice”, has made great contributions to the world.
（袁隆平，被譽為 “雜交水稻之父”，為世界做出了巨大貢獻。）
強調句：It was through his hard work and determination that Yuan Longping achieved his goal of developing hybrid rice.
（正是通過他的努力和決心，袁隆平實現了培育雜交水稻的目標。）
倒裝句：Not only does organic farming protect the environment, but it also provides healthy food.（有機耕作不僅保護環境，還提供健康食品。）
with 復合結構：With the development of modern technology, agriculture has made great progress.（隨著現代技術的發展，農業取得了巨大進步。）
（三）參考范文
My Views on Organic Farming
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of farming methods on the environment and human health. Organic farming, as an alternative, has attracted more and more attention.
Organic farming focuses on using natural methods to maintain soil fertility and control pests. For instance, organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser, which enriches the soil with minerals. They also rotate crops regularly, which helps to keep the soil healthy and reduces the risk of pests and diseases. This way of farming not only protects the environment by avoiding the use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers but also produces food that is free from harmful chemicals, ensuring people's health.
However, organic farming also faces some challenges. One of the main problems is that it usually has a lower output compared to chemical farming, which may not be able to meet the high demand for food in the world. Moreover, the cost of organic farming is relatively high, which makes the price of organic food more expensive, making it less accessible to some consumers.
In my opinion, although organic farming has its limitations, it represents a more sustainable and healthy way of farming. With the development of technology and the increase in people's awareness of environmental protection, I believe that organic farming will play an increasingly important role in the future of agriculture. We should support and promote organic farming while also looking for ways to improve its efficiency and reduce costs.
練習題答案及解析
一、詞組搭配練習題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：devoted; to
解析：“He has... all his time and energy... protecting the environment.”，句子表達他將時間和精力用于保護環境，“devote... to” 表示 “把…… 用于；獻身；致力；專心”，“to” 是介詞，后接動名詞，且句子是現在完成時，“devote” 的過去分詞是 “devoted”，所以填 “devoted; to”。
答案：tackle; crisis
解析：“The government is taking measures to... the economic...”，政府采取措施的目的是解決經濟方面的問題，“tackle the crisis” 表示 “解決危機”，“economic crisis” 即 “經濟危機” ，“to” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “tackle; crisis”。
答案：boost yields
解析：“Modern technology has enabled farmers to...”，現代技術對農民在農作物產量方面有積極作用，“boost yields” 表示 “提高產量”，“enable sb. to do sth.”（使某人能夠做某事）中 “to” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “boost yields”。
答案：convince; of
解析：“How can I... you... my honesty ”，句子詢問如何讓對方相信自己的誠實，“convince sb. of sth.” 表示 “使某人相信某事”，所以填 “convince; of”。
答案：attain
解析：“We should make efforts to... our dreams.”，我們努力的目標是實現夢想，“attain a goal” 表示 “實現目標”，“to” 后接動詞原形，此處 “our dreams” 相當于 “a goal”，所以填 “attain”。
答案：overcome
解析：“She faced many challenges, but she managed to... them.”，她面對挑戰并成功應對，“overcome difficulties” 表示 “克服困難”，“manage to do sth.”（設法做成某事）中 “to” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “overcome”。
答案：expanded
解析：“The small company has... rapidly in recent years.”，句子描述小公司在近年來的發展情況，“expand business” 表示 “拓展業務”，句子是現在完成時，“expand” 的過去分詞是 “expanded”，所以填 “expanded”。
答案：estimated
解析：“It is... that the project will cost millions of dollars.”，“It is estimated that...” 是固定句型，表示 “據估計……”，所以填 “estimated”。
答案：is comprised of
解析：“The team... members from different countries.”，句子說明團隊的人員構成，“be comprised of” 表示 “包括；包含；由…… 組成”，句子是一般現在時，主語 “The team” 是單數，所以填 “is comprised of”。
答案：generated excitement
解析：“The exciting news... among the students.”，令人興奮的消息在學生中引發了某種反應，“generate excitement” 表示 “引起興奮”，句子時態為一般過去時，“generate” 的過去式是 “generated”，所以填 “generated excitement”。
答案：alleviating poverty
解析：“Her work has made a great contribution to... in the area.”，她的工作對當地的貧困狀況產生積極影響，“alleviate poverty” 表示 “減輕貧困”，“to” 是介詞，后接動名詞，所以填 “alleviating poverty”。
答案：for instance
解析：“There are many outdoor activities you can do,... hiking and cycling.”，后面的 “hiking and cycling” 是對前面 “outdoor activities” 的舉例，“for instance” 表示 “例如”，所以填 “for instance”。
答案：in turn
解析：“The increase in temperature will affect the growth of plants, and... the animals that depend on them.”，溫度變化先影響植物生長，接著會對依賴植物的動物產生影響，“in turn” 表示 “相應地；轉而”，符合語境，所以填 “in turn”。
答案：As an alternative
解析：“... you can choose to study at home using online resources.”，句子提供了一種學習方式的替代選擇，“as an alternative” 表示 “作為一種替代”，放在句首，首字母大寫，所以填 “As an alternative”。
答案：put down roots
解析：“After moving to the new city, they decided to... and build a new home.”，搬到新城市后決定扎根并建立新家，“put down roots” 表示 “扎根”，“decide to do sth.”（決定做某事）中 “to” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “put down roots”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：He devoted himself wholeheartedly to the cause of education.
解析：“他全身心地投入” 翻譯為 “He devoted himself wholeheartedly to”，“devote... to” 表示 “獻身；致力”；“教育事業” 翻譯為 “the cause of education”，所以整句翻譯為 “He devoted himself wholeheartedly to the cause of education.”。
答案：We must find ways to tackle this serious problem.
解析：“我們必須” 翻譯為 “We must”；“找到解決…… 的方法” 翻譯為 “find ways to...”；“這個嚴重問題” 翻譯為 “this serious problem”；“tackle the crisis” 中 “tackle” 有 “解決” 之意，這里用于解決問題，所以翻譯為 “We must find ways to tackle this serious problem.”。
答案：The new planting technology has helped farmers boost crop yields.
解析：“新的種植技術” 翻譯為 “The new planting technology”；“幫助農民” 翻譯為 “has helped farmers”，使用現在完成時；“提高農作物產量” 翻譯為 “boost crop yields”，“boost yields” 表示 “提高產量”，所以翻譯為 “The new planting technology has helped farmers boost crop yields.”。
答案：You need to convince your parents of the correctness of your decision.
解析：“你需要” 翻譯為 “You need to”；“讓…… 相信” 翻譯為 “convince... of...”；“你的父母” 翻譯為 “your parents”；“你決定的正確性” 翻譯為 “the correctness of your decision”，所以翻譯為 “You need to convince your parents of the correctness of your decision.”。
答案：After years of hard work, he finally attained his goal of becoming a scientist.
解析：“經過多年努力” 翻譯為 “After years of hard work”；“他終于” 翻譯為 “he finally”；“實現了…… 目標” 翻譯為 “attained his goal of...”；“成為一名科學家” 翻譯為 “becoming a scientist”，“attain a goal” 表示 “實現目標”，所以翻譯為 “After years of hard work, he finally attained his goal of becoming a scientist.”。
答案：Despite numerous difficulties, they overcame all the obstacles and achieved success.
解析：“盡管困難重重” 翻譯為 “Despite numerous difficulties”；“克服了所有阻礙” 翻譯為 “overcame all the obstacles”，“overcome difficulties” 表示 “克服困難”；“取得了成功” 翻譯為 “achieved success”，所以翻譯為 “Despite numerous difficulties, they overcame all the obstacles and achieved success.”。
答案：This company plans to expand its overseas business.
解析：“這家公司” 翻譯為 “This company”；“計劃” 翻譯為 “plans to”；“拓展海外業務” 翻譯為 “expand its overseas business”，“expand business” 表示 “拓展業務”，所以翻譯為 “This company plans to expand its overseas business.”。
答案：It is estimated that this year's grain output will increase significantly.
解析：“據估計” 翻譯為 “It is estimated that...”；“今年的糧食產量” 翻譯為 “this year's grain output”；“將大幅增加” 翻譯為 “will increase significantly”，所以翻譯為 “It is estimated that this year's grain output will increase significantly.”。
答案：This organization is comprised of experts from different fields.
解析：“這個組織” 翻譯為 “This organization”；“由…… 組成” 翻譯為 “is comprised of...”；“來自不同領域的專家” 翻譯為 “experts from different fields”，所以翻譯為 “This organization is comprised of experts from different fields.”。
答案：This concert generated great excitement among music lovers.
解析：“這場音樂會” 翻譯為 “This concert”；“在…… 中引起了極大的興奮” 翻譯為 “generated great excitement among...”；“音樂愛好者” 翻譯為 “music lovers”，“generate excitement” 表示 “引起興奮”，所以翻譯為 “This concert generated great excitement among music lovers.”。
答案：This project aims to alleviate the poverty situation of local residents.
解析：“這個項目” 翻譯為 “This project”；“旨在” 翻譯為 “aims to”；“減輕當地居民的貧困狀況” 翻譯為 “alleviate the poverty situation of local residents”，“alleviate poverty” 表示 “減輕貧困”，所以翻譯為 “This project aims to alleviate the poverty situation of local residents.”。
答案：Many fruits are rich in vitamins. For instance, oranges and apples.
解析：“許多水果都富含維生素” 翻譯為 “Many fruits are rich in vitamins.”；“例如” 翻譯為 “For instance”；“橙子和蘋果” 翻譯為 “oranges and apples”，所以翻譯為 “Many fruits are rich in vitamins. For instance, oranges and apples.”。
答案：Pollution will damage the ecosystem and, in turn, threaten human survival.
解析：“污染會破壞生態系統” 翻譯為 “Pollution will damage the ecosystem”；“相應地，也會威脅人類的生存” 翻譯為 “and, in turn, threaten human survival”，“in turn” 表示 “相應地”，所以翻譯為 “Pollution will damage the ecosystem and, in turn, threaten human survival.”。
答案：As an alternative, you can choose to travel by public transportation.
解析：“作為一種替代方案” 翻譯為 “As an alternative”；“你可以選擇” 翻譯為 “you can choose to”；“乘坐公共交通工具出行” 翻譯為 “travel by public transportation”，所以翻譯為 “As an alternative, you can choose to travel by public transportation.”。
答案：They put down roots in this small town and led a peaceful life.
解析：“他們在這個小鎮扎根” 翻譯為 “They put down roots in this small town”；“過上了平靜的生活” 翻譯為 “led a peaceful life”，“put down roots” 表示 “扎根”，所以翻譯為 “They put down roots in this small town and led a peaceful life.”。
二、語法知識點練習題答案及解析
（一）Choose the correct word to complete the sentence
答案：That
解析：“... he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.”，“he failed in the exam” 是一個完整的句子，不缺少成分，用從屬連詞 “that” 引導主語從句，“that” 在從句中不充當成分，只起連接作用，所以選 “That”。
答案：Whether
解析：“... we will go on a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather.”，句子表達 “我們明天是否去野餐取決于天氣”，“是否” 在句首引導主語從句，只能用 “whether”，“if” 不能用于句首引導主語從句，所以選 “Whether”。
答案：Who
解析：“... will be the next president is a question.”，從句缺少主語，且指人，“who”（誰）在從句中作主語，“whom” 是 “who” 的賓格形式，在從句中作賓語，所以選 “Who”。
答案：Where
解析：“... we should build the new factory has not been decided yet.”，句子表達 “我們應該在哪里建新工廠還沒有決定”，缺少地點狀語，“where”（在哪里）引導主語從句，在從句中作地點狀語，所以選 “Where”。
答案：How
解析：“... he managed to finish the work in such a short time is a mystery.”，句子表達 “他如何在這么短的時間內完成工作是個謎”，缺少方式狀語，“how”（如何）引導主語從句，在從句中作方式狀語，所以選 “How”。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using subject clauses with it as the formal subject
答案：It is important that we should protect the environment.
解析：原句 “That we should protect the environment is important.” 中，“That we should protect the environment” 是主語從句，用 “it” 作形式主語，將真正的主語從句放在句末，結構為 “It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句”，所以改寫為 “It is important that we should protect the environment.”。
答案：It is not certain whether he will come to the party tonight.
解析：原句 “Whether he will come to the party tonight is not certain.” 中，“Whether he will come to the party tonight” 是主語從句，用 “it” 作形式主語，將真正的主語從句放在句末，結構為 “It + be + 形容詞 + whether 從句”，所以改寫為 “It is not certain whether he will come to the party tonight.”。
答案：It is a problem how we can improve our English quickly.
解析：原句 “How we can improve our English quickly is a problem.” 中，“How we can improve our English quickly” 是主語從句，用 “it” 作形式主語，將真正的主語從句放在句末，結構為 “It + be + 名詞 + 連接副詞引導的從句”，所以改寫為 “It is a problem how we can improve our English quickly.”。
答案：It is a good rest that he needs most.
解析：原句 “What he needs most is a good rest.” 中，“What he needs most” 是主語從句，用 “it” 作形式主語，將真正的主語從句放在句末，這里是強調句型的變形，強調 “a good rest”，結構為 “It + be + 被強調部分 + that 從句”，所以改寫為 “It is a good rest that he needs most.”。
答案：It has not been announced who will be in charge of the project.
解析：原句 “Who will be in charge of the project has not been announced.” 中，“Who will be in charge of the project” 是主語從句，用 “it” 作形式主語，將真正的主語從句放在句末，結構為 “It + 完成時態的被動語態 + 連接代詞引導的從句”，所以改寫為 “It has not been announced who will be in charge of the project.”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：When the meeting will start is still unknown.
解析：原句 “When will the meeting start is still unknown.” 錯誤，主語從句要用陳述語序，即 “連接詞 + 主語 + 謂語 + 其他”，應把 “will the meeting start” 改為 “the meeting will start”，所以正確句子是 “When the meeting will start is still unknown.”。
答案：Whether he will attend the conference is not clear.
解析：原句 “If he will attend the conference is not clear.” 錯誤，“if” 不能用于句首引導主語從句，應把 “If” 改為 “Whether”，所以正確句子是 “Whether he will attend the conference is not clear.”。
答案：What he said made me confused.
解析：原句 “That he said made me confused.” 錯誤，“he said” 缺少賓語，“that” 在主語從句中不充當成分，應把 “That” 改為 “What”，“What” 在從句中作 “said” 的賓語，所以正確句子是 “What he said made me confused.”。
答案：What you want to do next is up to you.
解析：原句 “What do you want to do next is up to you.” 錯誤，主語從句要用陳述語序，應把 “do you want to do next” 改為 “you want to do next”，所以正確句子是 “What you want to do next is up to you.”。
答案：Whoever breaks the window should be punished.
解析：原句 “Who break the window should be punished.” 錯誤，“Who” 引導主語從句時，謂語動詞應與主語的單復數保持一致，這里 “break” 應改為第三人稱單數形式 “breaks”，或者用 “Whoever”（無論誰），表示強調任何打破窗戶的人，所以正確句子是 “Whoever breaks the window should be punished.”。

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