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Unit 1 Science and Scientists 單元知識(shí)總結(jié)清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）動(dòng)詞詞組
subscribe to：同意；贊同；認(rèn)購(gòu) (股份)；定期訂購(gòu)；定期交納 (會(huì)費(fèi))。
例句：Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.（許多科學(xué)家贊同是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了全球變暖這一觀點(diǎn)。）
blame...on...：把…… 歸咎于…… 。
例句：He blamed the accident on the bad weather.
（他把事故歸咎于惡劣的天氣。）
link...to...：把…… 連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)。
例句：Since heart disease is often linked to our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.
（由于心臟病通常與我們的生活方式選擇相關(guān)聯(lián)，我們需要把健康生活作為生活的重要部分。）
handle with：處理；對(duì)付。
例句：She can handle with the changes very well because she's very adaptable.（她能很好地應(yīng)對(duì)這些變化，因?yàn)樗m應(yīng)性很強(qiáng)。）
trace back to：追溯；追蹤；查出 。
例句：Much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can be traced back to Qian's research.（神舟火箭背后的許多技術(shù)可以追溯到錢學(xué)森的研究。）
（二）介詞詞組
thanks to：幸虧；由于。
例句：Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
（幸運(yùn)的是，多虧了約翰 斯諾的工作，我們現(xiàn)在知道如何預(yù)防霍亂了。）
above all：最重要的是；尤其是。
例句：Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
（最重要的是，霍金愿意承認(rèn)自己的錯(cuò)誤。）
（三）詞匯練習(xí)題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短語的正確形式填空。
Many people ___________ the belief that hard work leads to success.
The police are trying to ___________ the suspect's movements on the night of the crime.
___________ his help, I was able to finish the project on time.
She always ___________ difficult situations with great calmness.
The teacher ___________ the student's bad behavior ___________ his lack of discipline.
The custom ___________ the 18th century.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
許多專家贊同這個(gè)新理論。
由于你的努力，我們?nèi)〉昧司薮蟮某晒Α?br/>你應(yīng)該把這次失敗歸咎于自己的粗心。
這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的歷史可以追溯到古羅馬時(shí)期。
最重要的是，我們必須相信自己。
我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何處理壓力。
二、語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
（一）名詞性從句（表語從句）
定義：在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句，位于系動(dòng)詞（如 be, seem, remain 等）之后 。
引導(dǎo)詞：that, what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, when, where, why, how, whether 等 。
例句
What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.（約翰 斯諾向世界展示的是如何戰(zhàn)勝霍亂。）
The problem was that all our theories were equally good.
（問題是我們所有的理論都同樣好。）
（二）練習(xí)題
Complete the sentences with the proper words to introduce predicative clauses.
用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成句子，以引入謂語從句。
The question is ___________ we can finish the task on time.
That's ___________ he didn't come to school yesterday.
My suggestion is ___________ we should start early tomorrow.
It seems ___________ it is going to rain.
Rewrite the following sentences using predicative clauses.
用謂語從句改寫下列句子。
We need to find out the reason. He was late for the meeting because of the reason.
They are discussing a problem. They should do the experiment in this way or not.
The truth is like this. The earth moves around the sun.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“Cholera used to be...” 是主句，描述霍亂過去的情況；“until...” 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，“how it could be overcome” 是賓語從句，作 “showed” 的賓語 。
（二）What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist” 是主語從句，作整個(gè)句子的主語；“was” 是系動(dòng)詞；“his strong interest in other things...” 是表語 。
（三）翻譯練習(xí)題
太陽能過去曾是一種未被充分利用的能源，直到科學(xué)家們展示了如何有效地利用它。
使她成為如此優(yōu)秀作家的可能是她豐富的生活經(jīng)歷和對(duì)文字的熱愛。
電子郵件曾經(jīng)是一種便捷的交流方式，直到即時(shí)通訊工具出現(xiàn)改變了這一局面。
可能讓他在比賽中脫穎而出的是他獨(dú)特的訓(xùn)練方法和堅(jiān)韌的意志。
四、單元書面表達(dá)寫作指導(dǎo)
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
科學(xué)研究相關(guān)詞匯：scientific research, experiment, hypothesis, data collection, statistical analysis, conclusion
人物品質(zhì)相關(guān)詞匯：determined, creative, curious, brave, devoted, knowledgeable, outstanding
疾病與健康相關(guān)詞匯：disease, infection, germ, prevent, treat, overcome
詞組搭配詞匯：subscribe to, thanks to, blame...on..., link...to..., above all
（二）高分句式積累
It is well known that...
例句：It is well known that science and technology play a vital role in modern society.（眾所周知，科學(xué)技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。）
As is often the case...
例句：As is often the case, hard work leads to success in scientific research.
（通常情況下，努力工作會(huì)在科學(xué)研究中帶來成功。）
There is no doubt that...
例句：There is no doubt that a scientist's spirit of exploration is crucial.
（毫無疑問，科學(xué)家的探索精神至關(guān)重要。）
Only in this way can we...
例句：Only in this way can we make great progress in the field of science.
（只有這樣，我們才能在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得巨大進(jìn)步。）
（三）參考范文
The Scientific Spirit
The scientific spirit is of great significance in the development of science. It is well known that great scientists possess many valuable qualities.
For example, John Snow was determined to defeat cholera. Thanks to his tireless efforts and scientific methods, he finally found the source of the disease and saved countless lives. Qian Xuesen, with his strong sense of patriotism and outstanding professional knowledge, made substantial contributions to China's aerospace industry. He was willing to take on challenges and never gave up, which showed his unwavering scientific spirit.
There is no doubt that curiosity and creativity are also essential parts of the scientific spirit. Scientists are always curious about the unknown world, and they use their creativity to find new solutions. As is often the case, they face failures and difficulties, but they never lose heart.
In conclusion, the scientific spirit includes determination, curiosity, creativity, and a sense of responsibility. Only by carrying forward this spirit can we expect more breakthroughs in science and technology and make the world a better place.
一、詞組搭配練習(xí)題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：subscribe to
解析：“Many people”（許多人）和 “the belief that hard work leads to success”（努力工作通向成功這一信念），“subscribe to” 有 “同意；贊同” 的意思，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用動(dòng)詞原形 “subscribe to”，表示許多人贊同這一信念。
答案：trace back
解析：“The police”（警察）和 “the suspect's movements on the night of the crime”（犯罪當(dāng)晚嫌疑人的行蹤），“trace back to” 表示 “追溯；追蹤；查出”，“try to do sth.”（試圖做某事），to 后接動(dòng)詞原形，這里省略 “to”，表示警察試圖查出嫌疑人的行蹤。
答案：Thanks to
解析：“his help”（他的幫助）和 “I was able to finish the project on time”（我能夠按時(shí)完成項(xiàng)目），“thanks to” 表示 “幸虧；由于”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語，句首字母大寫，說明由于他的幫助，我才能按時(shí)完成項(xiàng)目 。
答案：handles with
解析：“She”（她）和 “difficult situations”（困難的情況），“handle with” 表示 “處理；對(duì)付”，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以 “handle” 用第三人稱單數(shù)形式 “handles”，表示她總是能很好地處理困難情況 。
答案：blamed; on
解析：“The teacher”（老師）、“the student's bad behavior”（學(xué)生的不良行為）和 “his lack of discipline”（他缺乏紀(jì)律性），“blame...on...” 表示 “把…… 歸咎于……”，句子描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，“blame” 的過去式是 “blamed”，即老師把學(xué)生的不良行為歸咎于他缺乏紀(jì)律性 。
答案：traces back to
解析：“The custom”（這個(gè)習(xí)俗）和 “the 18th century”（18 世紀(jì)），“trace back to” 表示 “追溯；追蹤；查出”，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以 “trace” 用第三人稱單數(shù)形式 “traces”，表示這個(gè)習(xí)俗可追溯到 18 世紀(jì) 。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：Many experts subscribe to this new theory.
解析：“許多專家” 翻譯為 “Many experts”；“贊同” 用 “subscribe to”；“這個(gè)新理論” 是 “this new theory”，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形 。
答案：Thanks to your efforts, we achieved great success.
解析：“由于” 用 “Thanks to”，句首字母大寫；“你的努力” 翻譯為 “your efforts”；“我們?nèi)〉昧司薮蟮某晒Α?用 “we achieved great success”，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，“achieve” 的過去式是 “achieved” 。
答案：You should blame this failure on your own carelessness.
解析：“你應(yīng)該” 翻譯為 “You should”；“把…… 歸咎于……” 用 “blame...on...”；“這次失敗” 是 “this failure”；“自己的粗心” 翻譯為 “your own carelessness” 。
答案：The history of this small town can be traced back to the ancient Roman period.
解析：“這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的歷史” 翻譯為 “The history of this small town”；“可以追溯到” 用 “can be traced back to”，含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)；“古羅馬時(shí)期” 是 “the ancient Roman period” 。
答案：Above all, we must believe in ourselves.
解析：“最重要的是” 用 “Above all”，句首字母大寫；“我們必須” 翻譯為 “we must”；“相信自己” 是 “believe in ourselves” 。
答案：We should learn how to handle with stress.
解析：“我們應(yīng)該” 翻譯為 “We should”；“學(xué)會(huì)” 用 “l(fā)earn”；“如何處理” 是 “how to handle with”；“壓力” 翻譯為 “stress” 。
二、語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)練習(xí)題答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the proper words to introduce predicative clauses
答案：whether
解析：“The question is...”（問題是……），“we can finish the task on time”（我們能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)），句子表達(dá)不確定能否按時(shí)完成任務(wù)，所以用 “whether” 引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示 “是否” 。
答案：why
解析：“That's...”（那是……），“he didn't come to school yesterday”（他昨天沒來上學(xué)），這里是解釋他沒來上學(xué)的原因，所以用 “why” 引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示 “為什么” 。
答案：that
解析：“My suggestion is...”（我的建議是……），“we should start early tomorrow”（我們明天應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)出發(fā)），從句成分完整，意思明確，所以用 “that” 引導(dǎo)表語從句，“that” 在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用 。
答案：that
解析：“It seems...”（似乎……），“it is going to rain”（要下雨了），從句成分完整，“it seems that...” 是常用句型，所以用 “that” 引導(dǎo)表語從句 。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using predicative clauses
答案：We need to find out the reason why he was late for the meeting.
解析：原句 “We need to find out the reason. He was late for the meeting because of the reason.”，將后一句改為由 “why” 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，修飾 “the reason”，說明遲到的原因，“why” 在從句中作原因狀語 。
答案：They are discussing a problem whether they should do the experiment in this way or not.
解析：原句 “They are discussing a problem. They should do the experiment in this way or not.”，把后一句改為由 “whether” 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，作 “a problem” 的表語，“whether...or not” 表示 “是否” 。
答案：The truth is that the earth moves around the sun.
解析：原句 “The truth is like this. The earth moves around the sun.”，將后一句改為由 “that” 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，“that” 在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用，說明事實(shí)的內(nèi)容 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習(xí)題答案及解析
答案：Solar energy used to be an underutilized energy source, until scientists showed how it could be used effectively.
解析：仿照 “Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.”，“太陽能” 是 “Solar energy”；“過去曾是一種未被充分利用的能源” 翻譯為 “used to be an underutilized energy source”；“直到科學(xué)家們展示了如何有效地利用它” 用 “until scientists showed how it could be used effectively”，“how it could be used effectively” 是賓語從句 。
答案：What might have made her such an excellent writer was probably her rich life experiences and love for words.
解析：依據(jù) “What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.”，“使她成為如此優(yōu)秀作家的” 翻譯為 “What might have made her such an excellent writer”，作主語從句；“可能是” 用 “was probably”；“她豐富的生活經(jīng)歷和對(duì)文字的熱愛” 是 “her rich life experiences and love for words” 。
答案：Email used to be a convenient way of communication, until instant messaging tools emerged and changed the situation.
解析：參照 “Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.”，“電子郵件” 是 “Email”；“曾經(jīng)是一種便捷的交流方式” 翻譯為 “used to be a convenient way of communication”；“直到即時(shí)通訊工具出現(xiàn)改變了這一局面” 用 “until instant messaging tools emerged and changed the situation” 。
答案：What might have made him stand out in the competition was probably his unique training methods and tenacious will.
解析：按照 “What might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.”，“可能讓他在比賽中脫穎而出的” 翻譯為 “What might have made him stand out in the competition”，作主語從句；“是” 用 “was”；“他獨(dú)特的訓(xùn)練方法和堅(jiān)韌的意志” 是 “his unique training methods and tenacious will” 。

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