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Unit 5 First Aid 單元知識總結(jié)清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）動詞詞組
interrupt sb. / sth.：打斷；打擾；使暫停、中斷。
例句：Don't interrupt me when I'm speaking.（我說話的時候不要打斷我。）
react to：對…… 做出反應(yīng)。
例句：The government reacted quickly to the emergency.
（政府對緊急情況迅速做出反應(yīng)。）
justify sth.：證明…… 有道理；為…… 辯護；是…… 的正當理由 。
例句：How can you justify your behavior （你如何為自己的行為辯解？）
help sb. to one's feet：幫助某人站起身來。
例句：He helped the old man to his feet after the old man fell down.
（老人摔倒后，他扶老人站了起來。）
wrap...around...：用…… 圍住；包、裹。
例句：She wrapped a scarf around her neck to keep warm.
（她圍著圍巾保暖。）
perform the Heimlich manoeuvre：實施海姆利克式操作法。
例句：In case of choking, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to save the victim.（遇到窒息情況，你可以實施海姆利克式操作法救助患者。）
（二）介詞詞組
in case of：假如；如果發(fā)生；防備。
例句：In case of fire, please use the emergency exit.
（如遇火災(zāi)，請使用緊急出口。）
in need of：需要。
例句：The victims of the disaster are in need of food and shelter.
（災(zāi)難的受害者需要食物和住所。）
without delay：毫不拖延地；立即。
例句：The injured should be sent to the hospital without delay.
（受傷者應(yīng)立即送往醫(yī)院。）
（三）詞匯練習(xí)題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短語的正確形式填空。
When the earthquake happened, people didn't know how to ___________ it at first.
It's impolite to ___________ others when they are having a conversation.
The kind - hearted boy ___________ the old lady ___________ her feet after she slipped on the ice.
___________ an emergency, press the red button.
We should send the medicine to the patients ___________.
Can you ___________ your decision to give up the plan
She ___________ a blanket ___________ the baby to keep it warm.
If someone is choking, you can ___________ to help him.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
老師正在講話，不要打斷他。
遇到危險時，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜并迅速做出反應(yīng)。
他需要你的幫助。
請立即完成這項任務(wù)。
你如何證明這個做法是正確的？
志愿者們幫助地震中的受害者站起身來。
用繃帶纏住傷口可以防止感染。
如果有人被食物噎住，實施海姆利克式操作法或許能救他一命。
二、語法知識點
（一）-ing 形式的用法
作主語：表示抽象的、一般性的行為或事情。
例句：Getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
（被燒傷可能會導(dǎo)致非常嚴重的傷害。）
作表語：說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為動名詞短語作主語的句子。
例句：The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.（燒傷治療中首要且最重要的步驟是進行急救。）
作賓語：跟在某些動詞或介詞后作賓語 。
例句：You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
（你可以用一塊寬松干凈的布覆蓋燒傷部位來保護它。）
作定語：單個的 -ing 形式作定語通常放在被修飾詞前面； -ing 短語作定語則放在被修飾詞后面，相當于一個定語從句。
例句：The running water can stop the burning process.
（流動的水可以阻止燒傷過程。）
The man standing over there is a doctor.（站在那邊的那個人是一名醫(yī)生。）
作狀語：可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等。
例句：Hearing the news, she couldn't help crying.
（聽到這個消息，她忍不住哭了。）（時間狀語）
Being ill, he didn't go to school.（因為生病，他沒去上學(xué)。）（原因狀語）
（二）練習(xí)題
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words (-ing form).
用所給單詞的正確形式（-ing形式）完成句子。
___________ (swim) is a good way to keep fit.
The film is so ___________ (interest) that many people like it.
He left the room without ___________ (say) a word.
Look at the boy ___________ (play) basketball on the playground.
___________ (work) hard, you will succeed.
Rewrite the following sentences using -ing form.
用-ing形式改寫下列句子。
When he saw the accident, he called the police immediately.
Because she was tired, she stopped to have a rest.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He sat in the chair and read a book.
The teacher came into the classroom and carried a book in his hand.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：此句是由 and 連接的并列句，兩個分句的主語都是 “the skin”，分別說明皮膚是身體重要部分和最大器官 。
（二）Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“Burns are divided into three types” 是句子主干，“depending on the depth of skin damage” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表依據(jù) 。
（三）翻譯練習(xí)題
心臟是人體最重要的器官之一。
根據(jù)受傷的嚴重程度，傷者被分為不同的類別。
大腦是人體的重要組成部分，它控制著身體的各種功能。
這些植物根據(jù)生長環(huán)境的不同被分為好幾類。
四、單元書面表達寫作指導(dǎo)
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
急救相關(guān)詞匯：first aid（急救），paramedic（急救醫(yī)生；護理人員），ambulance（救護車），emergency（緊急情況；突發(fā)事件），urgent（緊急的；急迫的），vital sign（生命體征）
受傷情況詞匯：burn（燒傷），cut（割傷；傷口），sprain（扭傷），bleeding（流血；失血），swollen（腫起的；腫脹的），choke（窒息；哽咽）
處理措施詞匯：treat（治療；處理），bandage（用繃帶包扎），wrap（包；裹），perform（實施；執(zhí)行），rescue（救援；營救）
詞組搭配：interrupt sb. / sth.，react to，justify sth.，help sb. to one's feet，wrap...around...，perform the Heimlich manoeuvre，in case of，in need of，without delay
（二）高分句式積累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is necessary for us to learn some first - aid knowledge.
（對我們來說，學(xué)習(xí)一些急救知識是必要的。）
As...，...
例句：As we all know, first aid can save lives in emergencies.
（眾所周知，急救在緊急情況下可以挽救生命。）
The + 比較級，the + 比較級
例句：The more first - aid skills you master, the safer you will be.
（你掌握的急救技能越多，你就會越安全。）
Not only...but also...
例句：First - aid knowledge not only helps yourself but also benefits others.
（急救知識不僅有助于自己，還能造福他人。）
（三）參考范文
My Experience of Giving First Aid
One sunny afternoon, I witnessed an accident on my way home. A cyclist was knocked down by a car, and he fell to the ground with a painful expression. Blood was streaming from his leg, and he seemed to be in great pain.
Seeing this, I immediately ran to him. First, I called 120 without delay. Then, I tried to calm him down and asked if he could move. Since he said his leg hurt badly and he couldn't move, I didn't try to move him to avoid further injury. Instead, I used a clean handkerchief to press gently on the wound to stop the bleeding as much as possible.
A few minutes later, the ambulance arrived. The paramedics quickly examined him and took him to the hospital. I felt relieved that I could do something to help in this emergency. This experience made me realize the importance of learning first - aid knowledge. As the saying goes, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” Learning first aid enables us to react calmly and effectively in times of crisis, and it may even save a life.
一、詞組搭配練習(xí)題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：react to
解析：“When the earthquake happened, people didn't know how to...it at first.”，句子表達地震發(fā)生時人們不知如何應(yīng)對，“react to” 表示 “對…… 做出反應(yīng)”，符合語境，且 “how to do sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)中 to 后接動詞原形，所以填 “react to”。
答案：interrupt
解析：“It's impolite to...others when they are having a conversation.”，根據(jù)常識，別人交談時打斷是不禮貌的，“interrupt sb. /sth.” 表示 “打斷；打擾”，“It's + adj. + to do sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)中 to 后接動詞原形，因此填 “interrupt”。
答案：helped; to her
解析：“The kind - hearted boy...the old lady...her feet after she slipped on the ice.”，描述男孩幫助滑倒的老太太站起來，“help sb. to one's feet” 表示 “幫助某人站起身來”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，“help” 的過去式是 “helped”，所以填 “helped; to her” 。
答案：In case of
解析：“...an emergency, press the red button.”，句子意思是遇到緊急情況按紅色按鈕，“in case of” 表示 “假如；如果發(fā)生；防備”，句首字母大寫，故填 “In case of”。
答案：without delay
解析：“We should send the medicine to the patients...”，結(jié)合語境，藥物應(yīng)盡快送給病人，“without delay” 表示 “毫不拖延地；立即”，所以填 “without delay”。
答案：justify
解析：“Can you...your decision to give up the plan ”，句子詢問如何為放棄計劃的決定辯解，“justify sth.” 表示 “證明…… 有道理；為…… 辯護”，情態(tài)動詞 “Can” 后接動詞原形，因此填 “justify”。
答案：wrapped; around
解析：“She...a blanket...the baby to keep it warm.”，表達她用毯子裹住嬰兒保暖，“wrap...around...” 表示 “用…… 圍住；包、裹”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，“wrap” 的過去式是 “wrapped”，所以填 “wrapped; around” 。
答案：perform the Heimlich manoeuvre
解析：“If someone is choking, you can...to help him.”，當有人窒息時應(yīng)實施海姆利克式操作法救助，“perform the Heimlich manoeuvre” 表示 “實施海姆利克式操作法”，“can” 后接動詞原形，故填 “perform the Heimlich manoeuvre”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：Don't interrupt the teacher when he is speaking.
解析：“不要打斷” 用 “Don't interrupt”，“老師” 是 “the teacher”，“當他正在講話時” 用 “when he is speaking”，“interrupt sb. /sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)，直接套用詞組翻譯。
答案：When in danger, we should keep calm and react quickly.
解析：“遇到危險時” 可簡化翻譯為 “When in danger”（省略了主語和 be 動詞，屬于狀語從句的省略），“我們應(yīng)該” 是 “we should”，“保持冷靜” 是 “keep calm”，“迅速做出反應(yīng)” 用 “react quickly”，“react to” 中這里的 “to” 省略，因為 “danger” 不是具體動作的對象，直接用 “react” 表示做出反應(yīng) 。
答案：He is in need of your help.
解析：“他” 是 “He”，“需要” 用 “be in need of”，句子時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語 “He” 是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以 “be” 動詞用 “is”，“你的幫助” 是 “your help”，直接套用詞組 “in need of” 翻譯。
答案：Please finish this task without delay.
解析：“請” 用 “Please”，“完成這項任務(wù)” 是 “finish this task”，“立即” 用 “without delay”，直接按照詞組搭配翻譯。
答案：How can you justify this practice
解析：“如何” 用 “How”，“你” 是 “you”，“證明…… 是正確的” 即 “為…… 辯護”，用 “justify sth.”，“這個做法” 是 “this practice”，情態(tài)動詞 “can” 后接動詞原形，套用詞組翻譯。
答案：The volunteers helped the victims of the earthquake to their feet.
解析：“志愿者們” 是 “The volunteers”，“幫助” 用 “helped”（一般過去時），“地震中的受害者” 是 “the victims of the earthquake”，“站起身來” 用 “help sb. to one's feet”，這里 “sb.” 是 “the victims”，所以 “one's” 用 “their”，套用詞組翻譯。
答案：Wrapping a bandage around the wound can prevent infection.
解析：“用繃帶纏住傷口” 在句中作主語，動詞短語作主語要用動名詞形式，“wrap...around...” 表示 “用…… 圍住；包、裹”，所以是 “Wrapping a bandage around the wound”，“可以防止感染” 是 “can prevent infection”，套用詞組翻譯。
答案：If someone is choked by food, performing the Heimlich manoeuvre may save his life.
解析：“如果有人被食物噎住” 用 “If someone is choked by food”，“實施海姆利克式操作法” 在句中作主語，用動名詞形式 “performing the Heimlich manoeuvre”，“或許能救他一命” 是 “may save his life”，套用詞組翻譯。
二、語法知識點練習(xí)題答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words (-ing form)
答案：Swimming
解析：句子 “...is a good way to keep fit.” 缺少主語，“swim” 是動詞，動名詞 “Swimming” 作主語，表示游泳這種行為，符合 “-ing 形式作主語表示抽象的、一般性的行為或事情” 的語法規(guī)則 。
答案：interesting
解析：“The film is so...that many people like it.”，這里形容電影的性質(zhì)是有趣的，“-ing 形式形容詞” 通常表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，“interesting” 表示 “有趣的”，符合語法和語境。
答案：saying
解析：“He left the room without...a word.”，“without” 是介詞，介詞后接動詞的 -ing 形式作賓語，所以 “say” 要變?yōu)?“saying”，符合 “-ing 形式作賓語跟在某些介詞后” 的語法規(guī)則。
答案：playing
解析：“Look at the boy...basketball on the playground.”，“playing basketball on the playground” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾 “the boy”，表示正在操場上打籃球的男孩，相當于定語從句 “who is playing basketball on the playground”，符合 “-ing 短語作定語放在被修飾詞后面” 的語法規(guī)則。
答案：Working
解析：“...hard, you will succeed.”，“Working hard” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作條件狀語，相當于條件狀語從句 “If you work hard”，表示如果你努力工作，符合 “-ing 形式作狀語可表示條件” 的語法規(guī)則。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using -ing form
答案：Seeing the accident, he called the police immediately.
解析：原句 “When he saw the accident, he called the police immediately.” 中，時間狀語從句的主語 “he” 和主句主語一致，且從句含實義動詞 “saw”，可省略從句的主語 “he” 和 “when”，將 “saw” 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞 “seeing”，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “Seeing the accident” 作時間狀語，符合 “-ing 形式作狀語，當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，可省略從句主語和部分成分” 的語法規(guī)則。
答案：Being tired, she stopped to have a rest.
解析：原句 “Because she was tired, she stopped to have a rest.” 中，原因狀語從句的主語 “she” 和主句主語一致，且從句含 “be” 動詞 “was”，可省略從句的主語 “she” 和 “Because”“was”，將 “tired” 前加上 “being”，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “Being tired” 作原因狀語，符合 “-ing 形式作狀語表原因，且從句主語和主句主語一致時的省略規(guī)則”。
答案：Studying hard, you will pass the exam.
解析：原句 “If you study hard, you will pass the exam.” 中，條件狀語從句的主語 “you” 和主句主語一致，可省略從句的 “if” 和主語 “you”，將 “study” 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞 “studying”，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “Studying hard” 作條件狀語，符合 “-ing 形式作狀語表條件，且從句主語和主句主語一致時的省略規(guī)則”。
答案：He sat in the chair, reading a book.
解析：原句 “He sat in the chair and read a book.” 中，“read a book” 和 “sat in the chair” 兩個動作同時發(fā)生，“read” 和主語 “He” 是主動關(guān)系，將 “read” 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞 “reading”，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “reading a book” 作伴隨狀語，符合 “-ing 形式作狀語表伴隨” 的語法規(guī)則。
答案：The teacher came into the classroom, carrying a book in his hand.
解析：原句 “The teacher came into the classroom and carried a book in his hand.” 中，“carried a book in his hand” 和 “came into the classroom” 兩個動作同時發(fā)生，“carry” 和主語 “The teacher” 是主動關(guān)系，將 “carried” 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞 “carrying”，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “carrying a book in his hand” 作伴隨狀語，符合 “-ing 形式作狀語表伴隨” 的語法規(guī)則。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習(xí)題答案及解析
答案：The heart is one of the most important organs of the human body.
解析：參照 “The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，“心臟” 是 “The heart”，“是…… 之一” 用 “is one of...”，“最重要的器官” 是 “the most important organs”，“人體” 是 “the human body”，按照并列句結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯，強調(diào)心臟在人體中的重要地位。
答案：The injured are divided into different categories, depending on the severity of the injury.
解析：依據(jù) “Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，“傷者” 是 “The injured”（the + 形容詞表示一類人），“被分為不同的類別” 是 “are divided into different categories”，“根據(jù)受傷的嚴重程度” 用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “depending on the severity of the injury” 作狀語表依據(jù)，套用原句結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯。
答案：The brain is an important part of the human body, and it controls various functions of the body.
解析：參考 “The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.” 的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，“大腦” 是 “The brain”，“是人體的重要組成部分” 是 “is an important part of the human body”，“它控制著身體的各種功能” 是 “it controls various functions of the body”，用 “and” 連接兩個分句，闡述大腦的重要性和功能。
答案：These plants are divided into several categories, depending on the different growth environments.
解析：仿照 “Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，“這些植物” 是 “These plants”，“被分為好幾類” 是 “are divided into several categories”，“根據(jù)生長環(huán)境的不同” 用現(xiàn)在分詞短語 “depending on the different growth environments” 作狀語表依據(jù)，按原句結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯 。

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